Infobox TV channel name Rai YoYo logosize logofile share 0.09 share as of 2008 share source ref cite web url http www.auditel.it doc sintesiannuale2008.xls title Rapporto ANNO 2008 publisher Auditel ref launch November 1, 2006 closure date owner RAI country Italy former names RaiSat Ragazzi br RaiSat YOYO web Rai YoYo is an Italy Italian television channel television channel aimed to a children viewership, and is owned and operated by state owned RAI television network. Programming Elmo s World Peppa Pig Pimpa Pocoyo Teletubbies Toopy and Binoo Bernard TV Series References Reflist RAI Television in Italy DEFAULTSORT Raisat Yoyo Category RAI television channels YOYO Category Children s television networks Category Television channels and stations established in 2006 Category Italian language television stations fr Rai Yoyo it Rai YoYo pl Rai YoYo ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox Boxer name Mzolisi Yoyo realname Mzolisi Yoyo nickname height weight Lightweight nationality flagicon RSA South Africa n birth date birth place South Africa death date death place home Mdantsane , br Czech Republic style total 13 wins 11 KO 8 losses 2 draws 0 no contests 0 Mzolisi Yoyo is a South Africa n lightweight Boxing boxer based in Mdantsane . His record stands at 11 wins and 2 losses after 13 bouts. References reflist External links boxrec id 154059 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Yoyo, Mzolisi ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH South Africa DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Yoyo, Mzolisi Category Year of birth missing living people Category Living people Category People from the Eastern Cape Category South African boxers Category Lightweights SouthAfrica boxing bio stub ... more details
Taxobox name Yoyo loach image Botia almorhae 1.jpg image width 240px regnum Animal ia phylum Chordate Chordata classis Actinopterygii ordo Cypriniformes familia Cobitidae subfamilia Botiinae genus Botia species B. almorhae binomial Botia almorhae binomial authority Gray taxonomy Gray , 1831 A yoyo loach , almora loach or Pakistani loach , Botia almorhae , is a freshwater fish belonging to the Loach fish loach Family biology family Cobitidae . It originates in the slow running and still waters of India and Pakistan, whence the name Pakistani loach originates. It is commonly found in aquariums , but is not nearly ... can be seen to spell yoyo especially in smaller younger specimens , hence the common name yoyo loach . The yoyo loach, in comparison with the clown loach is more active in the absence of aggressive ... a stable pecking order. The yoyo loach is fairly hardy and open to water conditions, but they have ... fish, they prefer temperatures in a range from 24C to 27C degrees. Yoyo Loaches prefer to be kept in slow ... or plants in their environment, the yoyo loach may become stressed. Being mostly docile fish, they should not be kept with highly aggressive fish. The yoyo loach can be kept comfortably with a small group of Otocinclus catfish, other loaches, as well as other passive fish. The yoyo loach can be aggressive towards small i.e. neon tetra or long tailed fish such as the guppy . The yoyo loach has a tendency ... than clown loaches. Yoyo loaches will eat a variety of foods, and should be fed accordingly. They will eat flakes, pellets, frozen brine shrimp, and freeze dried tubifex worms. Yoyo loaches ... loach, yoyo loaches have a strong personality, and are sometimes considered lazy though much less so ... is dead. Like the clown loach, the yoyo loach will readily devour snail s, especially the smaller variety. Invertebrates are one of the yoyo loach s natural food sources, and freshwater shrimp ... species AquariumWiki Botia almorhae The Aquarium Wiki Encyclopaedia Care information for Yoyo Loaches ... more details
orphan date December 2009 YOYO You re On Your Own Economics is a term used to describe economic policy in which a government shifts responsibility for economic challenges on to individuals. Such challenges in the United States , for example, include managing globalization , maintaining Social Security United States Social Security , and lessening inequality. Thus, the government has a lessened role in the individual lives of its citizens. ref http www.tompaine.com articles 2006 05 30 rejecting the yoyos.php Tom Paine article ref Such policies are associated with the Ronald Reagan and George W. Bush administrations. ref name Bernstein Bernstein, Jared. All Together Now Common Sense for a Fair Economy. Berrett Koehler Publishers. ref Social Security In the case of Social Security in the US, it is considered a YOYO policy to Privatization privatize Social Security. This would occur by means of individuals holding a private account invested in the stock market from which to draw a pension in later years. ref name Bernstein See also All Together Now book All Together Now References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links http www.tompaine.com articles 2006 05 30 rejecting the yoyos.php Tom Paine article http www.bkconnection.com static bernstein excerpt.pdf BK Connection Categories DEFAULTSORT Yoyo Economics Category Economics finance stub ... more details
Infobox Chinese language singer and actor name Yoyo Chen image YoYo Chen at the 2005 Hong Kong Flower Show.jpg imagesize caption chinesename tradchinesename simpchinesename pinyinchinesename ch n z y o jyutpingchinesename can4 zi6 jiu4 birthname origin Hong Kong ancestry birthdate birth date and age mf yes 1981 8 27 birthplace Hong Kong deathdate deathplace restingplace restingplacecoordinates othername occupation Actress , model person Model genre instrument voicetype label yearsactive 2004 present spouse partner Vin Choi br Vincent Wong children parents influences influenced website hongkongfilmwards goldenbauhiniaawards hkfcsawards goldenhorseawards goldenroosterawards ntsawards tvbanniversaryawards awards Yoyo Chen traditional Chinese born 27 August 1981 is a Hong Kong actress under TVB . Biography Yoyo was given her first TVB role in 2004 in the Sunshine Heartbeat . After several minor roles, Yoyo began to receive bigger roles such as Tong Chi Man in The Brink of Law and Kawaii in Best Selling Secrets . She finished secondary 7 and graduated from Po Kok Girls Middle School , Happy Valley, Hong Kong Happy Valley , Hong Kong. Filmography TV series border 2 cellpadding 4 cellspacing 0 style margin 1em 1em 1em 0 background f9f9f9 border 1px aaa solid border collapse collapse font size 90 bgcolor B0C4DE align center Year Title Role Awards Notes 2004 Sunshine Heartbeat Yip Yan rowspan 2 2005 Women on the Run Tsui Sze Yan The Zone May rowspan 2 2006 Welcome to the House Nga Mei No Forensic Heroes Tam Lai Ling rowspan 3 2007 The Brink of Law Tong Chi Man Nominated ... External links http blog.tvb.com yoyochen Official TVB Blog of Yoyo Chen http t.sina.com.cn 1713696033 Yoyo Chen on Sina Weibo imdb name 1454159 hkmdb name 14095 Yoyo Chan Chi Yiu Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Chen, Yoyo ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 27 August 1981 PLACE OF BIRTH Hong Kong DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Chen, Yoyo Category ... more details
Infobox Chinese language singer and actor See WikiProject Chinese language entertainment name Yoyo Mung image caption chinesename tradchinesename simpchinesename pinyinchinesename m ng ji hu jyutpingchinesename mung4 gaa1 wai6 birthname ancestry origin birthdate birth date and age df yes 1975 8 3 birthplace Hong Kong deathdate deathplace restingplace restingplacecoordinates othername occupation Actress genre instrument voicetype label yearsactive 1994 present currentmembers pastmembers associatedact spouse partner children parents influences influenced website hongkongfilmwards goldenbauhiniaawards hkfcsawards goldenhorseawards goldenroosterawards mtvasiaawards goldenmelodyawards ntsawards awards Yoyo Mung born 3 August 1975 is a Hong Kong actress working for Television Broadcasts Limited . She is best known for playing Leung Siu yau in Forensic Heroes Forensic Heroes I and Forensic Heroes II II . Filmography border 2 cellpadding 4 cellspacing 0 style margin 1em 1em 1em 0 background f9f9f9 border 1px aaa solid border collapse collapse font size 95 bgcolor B0C4DE align center Year Title Role Notes rowspan 2 1994 The Third Full Moon Lunatic Screwball 94 Schoolgirl rowspan 2 1998 Expect the Unexpected film Expect the Unexpected Mandy Nominated Hong Kong Film Award for Best New Performer A Hero Never Dies Yoyo rowspan 5 1999 Who s the Assassin Kim Chui Believe It or Not Running Out of Time 1999 film Running Out of Time Leung Yuen ting Sealed with a Kiss Mandy Rave Fever Ashley ... You Mak Yat man Mandy External links http blog.tvb.com yoyomung Official TVB Blog of Yoyo Mung imdb name 0612795 hkmdb name 12410 Yoyo Mung Ka Wai Use dmy dates date September 2010 Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Mung, Yoyo ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 3 August 1975 PLACE OF BIRTH Hong Kong DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Mung, Yoyo Category People ... HK actor stub nl Yoyo Mung Ka Wai zh ... more details
wiktionarypar mode TOCright Mode etymology from Latin modus manner, tune, measure, due measure, rhythm, melody may mean Transport mode , a means of transportation Block cipher modes of operation , in cryptography A technocomplex of stone tool s Mode of production , a Marxist term for way of producing goods Places Mode, Illinois , an unincorporated community in Shelby County, Illinois Mode, Banmauk , a village in Burma Mathematics Mode statistics , the value that has the largest number of observations Modes of convergence , a property of a series Science Normal mode , patterns of vibration in acoustics, electromagnetic theory, etc, Mode shape Longitudinal mode Transverse mode Quasinormal mode , a type of energy disspation of a perturbed object or field Starvation mode , a biological condition Language Mode literature Grammatical mood Narrative modeMode series , a quartet of novels by Piers Anthony Modes of persuasion , oratorical devices The Devil s Mode , a collection of short stories by Anthony Burgess Music Musical mode , a classification system of musical tonalities Modus medieval music , several other technical senses of modus or mode in medieval music theory Gregorian mode , a pitch ... to access files and folders on Unix hosts. Mode computer interface , distinct method of operation within ... interface console . Asynchronous Transfer Mode , a method of digital communication Popular culture Mode Records , a record label MO D E Magazine , a now out of print US women s fashion magazine created ... see plus size model Mode magazine, a fictional fashion magazine which is the setting for the ABC series Ugly Betty Fashion Explosive Mode , an album See also Modal disambiguation Modality disambiguation disambig ar cs M d es Modo fa fr Mode ko it Moda disambigua nl Modus ja pl Moda pt Moda desambigua o sl Modus razlo itev su Mode fi Moodi sv Mode olika betydelser tr Moda anlam ayr m vi Mode nh h ng ... more details
Infobox football club clubname Nanjing Yoyo br image File NanjingYoyo.png 150px Logo fullname Nanjing Yoyo Football Club br nickname founded 2003 ground Wutaishan Stadium , Nanjing , br Jiangsu , China capacity 35,000 chairman Flagicon CHN Li Baowei manager Flagicon Germany Bernhard Schum league China League Two season 2010 China League One 2010 position China League One, 13th Relegated pattern la1 pattern b1 navyquarters14 pattern ra1 leftarm1 FFFFFF body1 FFFFFF rightarm1 FFFFFF shorts1 FFFFFF socks1 FFFFFF pattern la2 pattern b2 pattern ra2 leftarm2 0000AA body2 0000AA rightarm2 0000AA shorts2 0000AA socks2 0000AA Nanjing Yoyo is a Chinese football club currently playing in the Chinese Football Association Jia League China Jia League . Founded in 2002 as the Liaoning Star FC , it was based on the youth team of Liaoning FC . In 2003, they were bought by SVT Group and renamed Nanjing Yoyo. Results As of the end of 2009 season All time League Rankings class wikitable style text align Center Season 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 Chinese Football Association Jia League 2008 2008 Chinese Football Association Jia League 2009 2009 2010 Division 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Position 6 9 9 7 5 10 10 12 13 Current squad As of 1 August 2010 Fs start Fs player no 1 nat China name Sun Minghan pos GK Fs player no 2 nat China name Zhong Yi pos DF Fs player no 3 nat China name Qu Bo defender Qu Bo pos DF Fs player no 4 nat Serbia name Dragan Stan i pos MF Fs player no 5 nat China name Luo Hao pos DF Fs player no 6 nat China name Li Zhe footballer Li Zhe pos DF Fs player no 7 nat China name Mou Shantao pos DF Fs player no 8 nat China name Li Zheng footballer Li Zheng pos MF Fs player no 10 nat China name Tao Fei pos MF Fs player no 11 nat China name Wang Xinhua pos MF Fs player no 12 nat China name Liu Xu nan pos DF Fs player no 13 nat China name Wang Hao footballer Wang Hao pos DF Fs player no 15 nat China name Wu Ze pos MF Fs player no 16 nat China name Han Chao pos MF Fs ... more details
Video mode can mean Operation mode used in DVD recorder to create DVD Video compatible discs. See also VR Mode Operation mode in frame buffer Framebuffer Display modes display modes Disambig ... more details
Burst mode may refer to Burst mode computing , a computer term for the repeated transmission of data by a device without waiting for additional input. Burst mode firearm , a firing mode enabling a pre determined number of rounds to be fired with a single pull of the trigger. Burst mode photography , a mode of operating a camera that allows multiple snapshots to be taken in a single click of the shutter. Bursting or burst mode , a rapid signaling mode in neurons. in fiction Burst mode , in the Digimon fictional universe, a type of digivolution used in Digimon Savers that surpasses the Mega level disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The demo mode short for demonstration mode is a feature often found in consumer electronics . A demo mode is usually programmed into the unit s firmware, and is often accessed by the pressing of a combination of keys. Demo mode is usually activated by retailer retail stores on their consumer electronics floor model s. The purpose of a demo mode is twofold It demonstrates the features of the unit in question It catches the eye of the consumer with a flashy show of lights, entertaining sound, or both. The central idea behind a demo mode is in store advertising. See also Attract mode DEFAULTSORT Demo Mode Category Consumer electronics Electronics stub Ad stub ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In a wiki , document mode is the conventional mode of editing, in which the current version of the page is a coherent and self contained whole, reflecting only the result of the last update and not any history. The page is simply the current version of the document, hence the name document mode . In document mode, maintenance of the history is left entirely to the wiki software, as opposed to thread mode , where the history of a discussion is also reflected in the current page. MediaWiki provides the even numbered namespaces for document mode, often used for articles and other pages such as policy documents, and for each an odd numbered namespace for discussion, in thread mode . External links http www.usemod.com cgi bin mb.pl?DocumentMode MeatBall description of document mode http c2.com cgi wiki?DocumentMode A discussion of the use of document mode web software stub Category Wiki concepts ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 X86 Processor Modes In x86 computing , unreal mode , also big real mode , huge real mode , or flat real mode , is a variant of real mode PE 0 , in which one or more data ... addressing mode that the x86 and x86 64 processors can operate in. It is used in the 80386 ... of whether they are operating in real or protected mode. The selector , i.e. the 16 bit segment ... than in real mode only 1 mebibyte MiB only 640 kibibyte KiB usable on IBM PC compatible machines , without losing access to the DOS operating system which doesn t work in protected mode . After the introduction of Windows 95 , unreal mode quickly fell out of favor because programs using it cannot run in the DOS prompt of Microsoft Windows they require a Restart in MS DOS mode in Windows 95 and Windows ... systems, an emulator such as DOSBox is the only way to run programs designed for unreal mode. Unreal mode is still extensively used by BIOS code Citation needed date February 2011 . In particular the SMM mode in Intel 386SL and later processors places the processor in unreal mode. Enabling Unreal Mode To enable unreal mode without using any undocumented features of the CPU, the program has to enter protected mode , find or create a flat descriptor in the global descriptor table GDT or local descriptor table LDT , load some of the data segment registers with the respective protected mode selector , and then switch back to real mode. After returning to real mode, the processor will continue using the cached descriptors as established in protected mode, thus allowing access to 4 GiB of extended memory from real mode. There is a time penalty for leaving protected mode on the 286, because ... PC, 1994, pages 67 69, ISBN 0 201 62277 7 ref , can be used to enter unreal mode more quickly. Huge versus Big real mode As described above, unreal mode usually involves using one or more ... referred to as big real mode. Huge real mode is attained by, in addition, loading the code selector ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Minimum mode is one of two different hardware mode s of the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088 8088 processors Central processing unit CPU . The other is maximum mode . Mode selection is accomplished by how the chip is hard wired in the circuit. Specifically, pin 33 MN MX is used to select the mode, depending on whether it is wired to voltage or to ground. Changing the state of pin 33 changes the function of certain other pins. Mode cannot be changed by software. Category x86 architecture ... more details
Common mode is a term in engineering with at least two independent meanings. Of electrical signals, Common mode rejection ratio , the ratio of rejection of common mode signals to differential signals Common mode interference , interference that appears on both signal leads, or coherent interference that affects two or more elements of a network Common mode signal , a component of an analog signal with the same sign on two signal leads Common mode failure is when one event causes multiple systems to fail disambig ja ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Maximum mode is one of the two hardware modes available to the Intel 8086 and Intel 8088 8088 processors Central processing unit CPU . The other is minimum mode . Maximum mode is for large applications such as multiprocessing . The mode is hard wired into the circuit and cannot be changed by software. Specifically, pin 33 MN MX is either wired to voltage or to ground to determine the mode. Changing the state of pin 33 changes the function of certain other pins, most of which have to do with how the CPU handles the local computer bus bus . The IBM PC and PC XT use an Intel 8088 running in maximum mode. http www.8085projects.info post Maximum Mode Interface.aspx DEFAULTSORT Maximum Mode Category X86 architecture ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 X86 Processor Modes Real mode , also called real address mode , is an operating mode of 80286 and later x86 compatible Central processing unit CPUs . Real mode is characterized ... and unlimited direct software access to all memory, I O addresses and peripheral hardware. Real mode ..., back to the original 8086 , have only one operational mode, which is equivalent to real mode in later chips. All x86 CPUs in the 80286 series and later start in real mode when reset. History The 286 architecture introduced protected mode , allowing for among other things hardware level memory ... to start in real mode &mdash that is, in a mode which turned off the new memory protection features ..., even the newest x86 CPUs including x86 64 CPUs start in real mode at power on and can run software ... BIOS which IBM introduced operates in real mode, as do the DOS operating systems MS DOS , DR DOS , etc. . Early versions of Microsoft Windows ran in real mode, until Windows 386 , which ran in protected mode, and the more fully realized Windows 3.0 , which could run in either real or protected mode. Windows 3.0 could actually run in two flavours of protected mode standard mode , which ran using protected mode, and 386 enhanced mode , which is a virtualized version of standard mode and thus would not run on a 286. Windows 3.1 removed support for real mode, and it was the first mainstream operating ... Unix , Linux , OS 2 , Windows 95 and later, etc. switch the CPU into protected mode at startup, but 64 bit operating systems will use this only as another stepping stone to get to long mode . It is worth noting that the protected mode of the 80286 is considerably more primitive than the improved protected mode introduced with the 80386 the latter is sometimes called 386 protected mode, and is the mode ... to 24 bits even in real mode. Therefore, for the segment FFFFh and offset greater than 000Fh, the 80286 .... So the actual amount of memory addressable by the 80286 and later x86 CPUs in real mode is 1 MB 64 ... more details
For the spacecraft operating mode Safe mode spacecraft Safe mode is a Diagnosis diagnostic mode of a computer operating system OS . It can also refer to a mode of operation by application software . Safe mode is intended to fix most, if not all problems within an operating system. Operating system safe mode Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X are examples of contemporary operating systems that implement a safe mode called Safe Boot in Mac OS X as well as other complex electronics electronic devices . An operating system in safe mode will have reduced functionality, but the task of isolating problems ... booting boot into its safe mode typically has a major problem, such as disk corruption or the installation ... normal operating mode. Though it varies by operating system, typically safe mode loads as few ... necessary to display information and accept input. Safe mode can also take the form of a parallel ... , a small text based troubleshooting mode kept separate from the main operating system and can also be accessed by booting the install CD , or to various safe mode options that run the dysfunctional operating system, but with features such as video drivers, audio and networking disabled. Safe mode ... the operating system from working normally. Safe mode is intended for maintenance, not functionality, and provides minimal access to features. Microsoft Windows safe mode is accessed by pressing ... of the Safe Mode Boot options in Windows XP ref Also, in a multi boot environment with multiple ... to get to safe mode. An equivalently minimal setting in Unix like operating systems is Runlevel single user mode , in which Daemon computer software daemons and the X Window System are not started ... single user mode and grub ref . On Mac OS versions 6, 7, 8 and 9, a similar mode is achieved ... maintenance features Besides the mode selection, it runs a file system repair, and in Mac OS 10.4, it disables ... http hints.macworld.com article.php?story 20080414140636495 ref . In Windows, safe mode with Computer ... more details
dicdef In electronics, service mode describes a mode not normally accessible. Service mode gives features that allows the user to check a device s status, test its features or change settings. Service mode should not be entered by a user without knowledge as some of the features might cause data loss or Brick electronics Bricking the device. Category Maintenance ... more details
In cryptography , CWC Mode Carter Wegman Block cipher modes of operation CTR mode is an AEAD block cipher modes of operation AEAD block cipher mode of operation that provides both encryption and built in message integrity, similar to CCM and OCB modes. Designed by Tadayoshi Kohno , John Viega and Doug Whiting , NIST is http csrc.nist.gov groups ST toolkit BCM modes development.html currently considering CWC mode for standardization. It combines the use of CTR mode for encryption with an efficient polynomial Carter Wegman MAC . External links http www.zork.org cwc CWC mode home page http eprint.iacr.org 2003 106 CWC A high performance conventional authenticated encryption mode eprint http gladman.plushost.co.uk oldsite AES index.php Implementation of CWC on top of Advanced Encryption Standard AES . crypto stub Crypto navbox block Category Block cipher modes of operation ... more details
Direct mode is a computing term referring to the input of textual Command computing commands outside the context of a program. The command would be executed immediately and the results printed on screen, in contrast to programming mode where nothing would be executed until the RUN command was given Run command RUN is an example of a direct mode command. Some commands could be used in either mode, others were exclusive to one or the other. Direct mode was most often used on 8 bit systems such as the Commodore 64 and Atari 800 series, though modern interpreted languages like Python programming language Python and Perl include shells where commands may be entered for immediate evaluation and execution. Example Non direct mode code 10 PRINT HELLO WIKIPEDIA READY. RUN HELLO WIKIPEDIA READY. code Direct mode code PRINT HELLO WIKIPEDIA HELLO WIKIPEDIA READY. code Category User interfaces Category Computing terminology ... more details
unreferenced date January 2011 In the term mode coupling , as used in physics and electrical engineering, the word mode refers to eigenmode s of an idealized, unperturbed , linear system . Most often, these eigenmodes are plane wave s. The superposition principle says that eigenmodes of linear systems are independent of each other it is possible to excite or to annihilate a specific mode without influencing any other mode there is no dissipation . In most real systems, however, there is at least some nonlinearity nonlinear perturbation that causes energy transfer between different modes. This perturbation, interpreted as an interaction between the modes, is what is called mode coupling . Important applications are In fiber optics In lasers compare mode locking In condensed matter physics, critical slowing down can be described by a mode coupling theory See also nonlinear optics and nonlinear acoustics . category condensed matter physics category optics category Telecommunications ... more details
In fiber optics , mode volume is the number of bound Transverse mode modes that an optical fiber is capable of supporting. The mode volume M is approximately given by math 4V 2 over pi 2 math and math V 2 over 2 left g over g 2 right math , respectively for step index profile step index and power law index profile fibers, where g is the profile parameter, and V is the normalized frequency , which must be greater than 5 for this approximation to be valid . See also Equilibrium mode distribution Mode scrambler Mandrel wrapping References FS1037C MS188 Category Fiber optics optics stub ... more details
In telecommunications , a mode scrambler or mode mixer is a device for inducing mode coupling in an optical fiber , or a device that, itself, exhibits a uniform output intensity profile independent of the input mode volume or modal excitation condition. Mode scramblers are used to provide a modal distribution that is independent of the optical source for purposes of laboratory, manufacturing, or field ... range of mode power distribution be excited in fiber by semiconductor lasers, mode scramblers ... mode delay, which is a normally unpredictable residue caused by imperfections or nonideality of the fiber ... content and emission region size, which results in variation of the mode power distribution excited in the fiber. In conjunction with the fiber s differential mode delay, the result is variation and non reproducibility of the measured fiber bandwidth. The mode scrambler has two purposes. Determination ... mode delays and reducing excitation variability caused by minor misalignment between source and fiber. On average, but not in every case, the bandwidth measured using a mode scrambler is lower than that produced by excitation of a partial mode volume, such as occurs with directly coupled laser diodes. One common type of mode scrambler is the Step Graded Step S G S fiber assembly, a fusion ... used in fiber manufacturing test systems since about 1980. Other forms of mode scrambler include corregated ... enhances mode coupling. The reproducibility of microbend induced mode scramblers is not as good as that of the S G ... of the fibers, joined with stable fusion splices. A mode scrambler can be characterized by measuring its output intensity nearfield distribution as a small mode volume source, such as a laser or single mode fiber, is placed or imaged at each of several positions across the core of the mode scrambler ... a figure of merit for the mode scrambler. Practical mode scramblers only approximate the ideal result. See also Equilibrium mode distribution Mandrel wrapping References FS1037C MS188 Category Telecommunications ... more details
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