refimprove date September 2009 Image Emp Tables Database .PNG thumb A visual diagram showing the relationship between the two tables, as indicated by the arrow A relationaldatabase matches data by using ... schema schema . Hence, such a database is called a relationaldatabase. The software used to do this grouping is called a relationaldatabase management system RDBMS . The term relationaldatabase ... data. Contents Strictly, a relationaldatabase is a collection of Relation database relation ... to a set of requirements. Terminology The term relationaldatabase was originally defined by and is attributed ... database terms.svg 350px thumb right Relationaldatabase terminology. Relationaldatabase theory ... below summarizes some of the most important relationaldatabase terms and their SQL database equivalents. class wikitable Relational term SQL equivalent relation database relation , base relvar table ... key. Base and derived relations This section is linked from Relationaldatabase main Relvar View database In a relationaldatabase, all data are stored and accessed via relation database ... the other parts of the database. Relational operations main Relational algebra Queries made against the relationaldatabase, and the derived relvars in the database are expressed in a relational calculus ... of two relation database relation s and removes all duplicate tuples from the result. The relational ... 2008 . Relationaldatabase management systems main Relationaldatabase management system Relational databases, as implemented in relationaldatabase management systems, have become a predominant choice .... However, relational databases have been challenged by Object Database s, which were introduced in an attempt to address the object relational impedance mismatch in relationaldatabase, and XML database s. The three leading commercial relationaldatabase vendors are Oracle Corporation Oracle , Microsoft ... simple Relationaldatabase sv Relationsdatabas ta te ... more details
Refimprove date March 2009 A relationaldatabase management system RDBMS is a database management system DBMS that is based on the relational model as introduced by E. F. Codd . Most popular commercial and open source databases currently in use are based on the relationaldatabase model. A short definition ... he defined what he meant by relational . One well known definition of what constitutes a relationaldatabase system is Codd s 12 rules . However, many of the early implementations of the relational ... of database systems. At a minimum, these systems A relationaldatabase is a collection of data items ... different ways without having to reorganize the database tables. The relationaldatabase was invented by E. F. Codd at IBM in 1970. presented the data to the user as relation database relation s a presentation in tabular form, i.e. as a collection of table database table s with each table consisting ... to some RDBMSs as Truly RelationalDatabase Management Systems TRDBMS , naming others Pseudo RelationalDatabase Management Systems PRDBMS . As of 2009, most commercial relational DBMSes employ SQL ... Expand section date January 2011 While relationaldatabase systems remain the dominant choice ... database systems. See also List of relationaldatabase management systems Comparison of relationaldatabase management systems Comparison of object relationaldatabase management systems Solution ... cycle of a relationaldatabase Navigational Database External links http www.dbdebunk.com Database Debunkings ... relational should be reserved for those database systems that are fully faithful to the relational ... between DBMS & RDBMS clarified. Databases DEFAULTSORT RelationalDatabase Management System Category Relational model Category Relationaldatabase management systems de RDBMS es Sistema administrador de bases de datos relacionales it Relationaldatabase management system hu Rel ci s adatb zis ... the term in his wikt seminal seminal paper http www.seas.upenn.edu zives 03f cis550 codd.pdf A Relational ... more details
An object relationaldatabase ORD , or object relationaldatabase management system ORDBMS , is a database management system DBMS similar to a relationaldatabase , but with an object oriented database model objects, classes and inheritance are directly supported in database schema s and in the query ..., August 2001. ref An object relationaldatabase can be said to provide a middle ground between relational databases and object oriented databases OODBMS . In object relational databases, the approach is essentially that of relational databases the data resides in the database and is manipulated collectively with queries in a query language at the other extreme are OODBMSes in which the database ... support for querying. Overview One aim for the Object relationaldatabase is to bridge the gap between ... oriented database, object orientation is a feature of the data model. History Object relational ... existing relationaldatabase concepts by adding object computer science object concepts. The researchers ... as object relationaldatabase management systems or ORDBMSs. ref name term There was, at the time .... ref Many of the ideas of early object relationaldatabase efforts have largely become incorporated ... could be described as an object relationaldatabase management product. For example, IBM s IBM DB2 ... for three years out of four. In an object relationaldatabase, one might see something like this, with user ... The same query in an object relationaldatabase appears more simply source lang sql SELECT Formal ... also SQL List of object relationaldatabase management systems Object database Object relational ... in the object relational impedance mismatch context. Database models Databases DEFAULTSORT Object RelationalDatabase Category Database management systems de Objektrelationale Datenbank es Base de ... Oriented Database Model. ref name USDT01 http knowledge.fhwa.dot.gov tam aashto.nsf All Documents 4825476B2B5C687285256B1F00544258 ... diagram ERD and object relational mapping ORM , which often use classes and inheritance ... more details
Amazon RelationalDatabase Service ref http aws.amazon.com rds ref or Amazon RDS is a distributed relationaldatabase service by Amazon.com . It is a web service running Cloud computing in the cloud and provides users a relationaldatabase for use in their applications. It was first released on 22 October 2009 ref http developer.amazonwebservices.com connect entry.jspa?externalID 2942&categoryID 291 ref . Amazon RDS works on lines similar to MySQL , which means that code infrastructure built on top of MySQL will blend in seamlessly ref http aws.amazon.com rds functionality ref . References references Amazon Cloud computing DEFAULTSORT Amazon Rds Category Cloud storage Category Document oriented databases Category Distributed computing architecture Category Amazon.com SimpleDB Category Web services Category Structured storage Category Cloud platforms ... more details
of a relationaldatabase are as follows Process The designer must try to obtain as complete as possible an understanding of the real world problem that is going to be helped by the introduction of a database ... Cycle Of A RelationalDatabase Category Database management systems Category Relationaldatabase ...multiple issues unreferenced December 2009 rewrite May 2009 copyedit September 2010 The life cycle of a relationaldatabase is the cycle of development and changes that a relationaldatabase goes through during the course of its life. The cycle typically consists of several stages. There is a possibility that the database designer developer can go back to any of the previous stages. This represents ... keys are specified. Database normalization Normalization is used to check the entity relationship ... database table definitions resulting from normalization should be consistent. Set of Table s definition for the required schema is finalized. The database tables are created. Primary, Foreign keys, database constraints and database integrity rules are specified at this stage. At this stage, the file organization is performed. File organization is the way the database relations are to be stored ... are used to limit access to parts of database only, when used in conjunction with access privileges ... s the database will have to accommodate. At this stage, application screens are designed. The application screens are used to capture the input information that will be kept in the database ... database Oracle , Crystal Reports , R&R Report Writer etc. Software testing Testing is performed at this stage ... schema database schema and the viability of the system as a whole. It is recommended to create a test database separate of the production database. The test database will be useful for testing ... live database. Careful testing of the system before handover will minimize the expense of later ... where the users receive the finished database and applications and begin data entry. In practice, it is likely ... more details
of database tools Comparison of relationaldatabase management systems List of relationaldatabase ... SQL implementations Databases DEFAULTSORT Comparison Of Object RelationalDatabase Management Systems Category Database management systems Category Software comparisons Database management systems ...Inappropriate tone date December 2007 Incomplete date February 2009 The following Database Management Systems DBMSs have at least some object relationaldatabase management system object relational features. They vary widely in their completeness and the approaches taken. The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of object relationaldatabase management system s. Please see the individual products articles for further information. This article is not all inclusive or necessarily up to date. Unless otherwise specified in footnotes, comparisons are based on the stable versions without any add ons, extensions or external programs. Fundamental features Information about what fundamental ORDBMSes features are implemented natively. class wikitable style width 95 text align center style width 10 Datatype Type Method computer science Method Inheritance object oriented programming Type inheritance Table inheritance style text align left CUBRID yes yes yes yes style text align left Oracle database Oracle yes yes ref No private methods, no way to call super method from a child. ref yes yes style text align left Virtuoso Universal Server OpenLink Virtuoso yes yes yes yes style text align left PostgreSQL yes yes yes yes style text align left Informix yes yes yes yes Notes references Data types Information about what data types are implemented natively. class wikitable style width 95 text align center style width 10 Array data type Array List computing List Set computer science Set Multiset Reference computer science Object reference style text align left CUBRID yes yes yes yes yes style text align left Oracle database Oracle yes yes yes yes yes style text ... more details
Relational Data Store CDC IM DM See also Comparison of object relationaldatabase management systems Comparison of relationaldatabase management systems Comparison of database tools Databases DEFAULTSORT List Of RelationalDatabase Management Systems Category Lists of software RelationalDatabase Management Systems Category Relationaldatabase management systems de Liste der Datenbankmanagementsysteme ...See DBMS for a shorter list of typical , representative database management systems. Current software 4th Dimension Software 4th Dimension Adabas D Alpha Five Apache Derby Aster Data Systems Aster Data Altibase BlackRay DATACOM DB CA Datacom Clarion programming language Clarion Clustrix CSQL CUBRID Daffodil database DataEase http www.dmc fr.com Data Management Center DMC Database Management Library Dataphor DB Fast Apache Derby Derby aka Java DB ElevateDB empress database Empress Embedded Database EnterpriseDB http www.EffiProz.com EffiProz eXtremeDB fastDB FileMaker Pro Firebird database server Firebird http www.FrontBase.com FrontBase Gladius DB Greenplum GroveSite H2 DBMS H2 Helix database HSQLDB SQLDB IBM DB2 IBM Lotus Approach WCE SL Plus IBM DB2 Express C Infobright Informix Ingres database ... SQL Database Microsoft Access Microsoft Jet Database Engine part of Microsoft Access Microsoft SQL ... Virtuoso Universal Server Oracle database Oracle Oracle Rdb for OpenVMS Panorama database engine ... known as Sybase Adaptive Server Anywhere and Watcom SQL Advantage Database Server Sybase Advantage Database Server tdbengine Teradata TimesTen txtSQL Rocket U2 UniData Rocket U2 UniVerse Valentina Database ... Lee, Inc. Britton Lee IDM Cornerstone software Cornerstone Micro DBMS Oracle Rdb Paradox database Paradox Pick Operating system Pick PRTV Query by Example QBE SQL DS Sybase SQL Server Truly relational Current Alphora Dataphor a proprietary virtual, federated DBMS and RAD MS .Net IDE . Bandicoot database ... in Relix and JRelix A pure relational DBMS implemented in McGill University. It features clear ... more details
integrity Database transaction Transactions Unicode Interface cite id feat 1 Comparison of relational ... cite web url http wiki.oracle.com page InnoDB ref cite id feat 3 Comparison of relationaldatabase ...ProgLangCompare The following tables compare general and technical information for a number of relationaldatabase management system s. Please see the individual products articles for further information ... left Advantage Database Server ADS Sybase 1992 10.1 2010 12 Proprietary software Proprietary style ... software Proprietary style text align left Drizzle database server Drizzle Brian Aker Mid 2008 Build 1126 BSD License BSD , GNU General Public License GPL v2 style text align left Empress database Empress Embedded Database Empress Software Inc ref Citation url http www.empress.com title Empress ... Proprietary style text align left Firebird database server Firebird Firebird project ref Citation ... 03 28 Proprietary software Proprietary style text align left Ingres database Ingres Ingres database Ingres Corp. 1974 Ingres Database 9.2 2008 12 09 GNU General Public License GPL and Proprietary software ... Database Microsoft 2000 2010 v3.5 SP2 Proprietary software Proprietary style text align left MonetDB ... Nexus Database Systems Pty Ltd ref Citation url http www.nexusdb.com title Nexus DB . ref 2003 ... Proprietary style text align left Oracle database Oracle Oracle Corporation 1979 11 11g Release 2 2009 ... software Proprietary style text align left OpenEdge Database OpenEdge Progress Software Corporation ... align left Paradox database Paradox Corel Corporation ref Citation url http www.corel.com title ... products rdm embedded publisher Raima Inc title Database . ref 1984 10 Proprietary Software ... products rdm server publisher Raima Inc. title Database . ref 1990 8.3 Proprietary Software Proprietary ... date 2010 01 06 . ref Public domain style text align left Superbase database Superbase Superbase database ... no no no style text align left Advantage Database Server yes no yes no no no no no style text align ... more details
Relational may refer to Relation mathematics Relational mathematics Relational aggression Relational algebra Relational art RelationaldatabaseRelational calculus Relational operator Relational model Relational theory Relational philosophy Relational psychoanalysis disambig ... more details
database management system s, which store database contents, allowing data creation and maintenance, and search and other access. Architecture Database architecture consists of three levels external , conceptual and internal . Clearly separating the three levels was a major feature of the relational model relationaldatabase model that dominates 21st century databases. ref name date31 harvnb Date ... into a coherent whole. ref name date31 Database management systems Main Database management system A database management system DBMS consists of software that operates databases, providing storage, access, security, backup and other facilities. Database management systems can be categorized according to the database model that they support, such as relational model relational or XML database ... of objects instead of relational rows. Types unreferenced section date January 2011 Analytical database ... query facilities.. Post relationaldatabase models Products offering a more general data model ... PICK and MUMPS , to make a plausible claim to be post relational. Storage structures Main Database ... in tuples much like a relationaldatabase , which the database server then reassembles into objects ... also Comparison of relationaldatabase management systems Comparison of database tools Data hierarchy ...Merge from Database administrator date January 2010 A database is a system intended to organize, store .... A single database can have any number of views at the external level. The internal level defines how ... of indirection between internal and external. It provides a common view of the database that is uncomplicated ... s that access the database, such as SQL or XQuery , performance trade offs, such as maximum scale ... Access, SQL Server, FileMaker,Oracle,Sybase, dBASE, Clipper,FoxPro etc. Almost every database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity ODBC driver that allows the database to integrate with other databases. Components of DBMS Most DBMS as of 2009 lc on implement a relational model. ref cite ... more details
orphan date December 2008 Relational classification is the procedure of performing classification in relational databases . It is a branch of relational data mining . See also Data mining Database mining Structured data mining Category Database theory compsci stub ... more details
Relational calculus consists of two calculi, the tuple relational calculus and the domain relational calculus , that are part of the relational model for databases and provide a declarative way to specify database queries. This in contrast to the relational algebra which is also part of the relational model but provides a more procedural way for specifying queries. The relational algebra might suggest these steps to retrieve the phone numbers and names of book stores that supply Some Sample Book Join book stores and titles over the BookstoreID. Restrict the result of that join to tuples for the book Some Sample Book . Project the result of that restriction over StoreName and StorePhone. The relational calculus would formulate a descriptive, declarative way Get StoreName and StorePhone for supplies such that there exists a title BK with the same BookstoreID value and with a BookTitle value of Some Sample Book . The relational algebra and the relational calculus are essentially logical equivalence logically equivalent for any algebraic expression, there is an equivalent expression in the calculus, and vice versa. This result is known as Codd s theorem . References cite book first Christopher J. last Date authorlink Christopher J. Date year 2004 title An Introduction to Database Systems edition 8th publisher Addison Wesley isbn 0 321 19784 4 See also The Third Manifesto Tutorial D D data language specification D4 programming language an implementation of D Aldat Relational Algebra databases DEFAULTSORT Relational Calculus Category Logical calculi Category Relational model database stub de Kalk l Datenbank es C lculo relacional ja ru zh ... more details
Lead too short date August 2010 The relational model for database management is a database model based ... www.teradata.com t page 127057 ref File Relational Model 2.jpg thumb 280px Diagram of an example database .... A request for information from the database a database query is also a predicate. File Relational ... against deviations that compromise the original principles. ref E. F. Codd, The Relational Model for Database ... to the relational model Other model abstract models are the Hierarchical database model hierarchical ... RDF Notation 3 N3 and in Gellish English . The relational model was the first database model to be described ... There have been several attempts to produce a true implementation of the relationaldatabase ... and the relationaldatabase model, a set is an unordered collection of unique, non duplicated items .... In accordance with this Principle, a relationaldatabase is a set of relvars and the result of every query is presented as a relation. The consistency of a relationaldatabase is enforced, not by rules ... A data domain data type as used in a typical relationaldatabase might be the set of integers ... for relationaldatabase s, deviates from the relational model in several places. The current International ... relational terms or concepts. However, it is possible to create a database conforming to the relational ... . Relational operations Users or programs request data from a relationaldatabase by sending it a database ... the answer. In practice, relationaldatabase management systems rewrite Query optimizer optimize ... queries that were not anticipated by the database designers. As a result, relational databases can ... the idea and implementation of relational databases very popular with businesses. Database normalization ... in the relational model are relation database relation names and attribute names . We will represent ... cycle of a relationaldatabase List of relationaldatabase management systems Query language Database ... databaseRelationaldatabase management system The Third Manifesto TTM TransRelational model ... more details
operator of relational algebra always returns a finite result. To overcome these difficulties, Codd restricted the operands of relational algebra to finite relation database relation s only and also ... relational algebra for database purposes. Primitive operations As in any algebra, some operators ... a language called Tutorial D intended for use in teaching relationaldatabase theory, and its query ... language of SQL is loosely based on a relational algebra, though the operands in SQL table database table s are not exactly relation database relation s and several useful theorems about the relational ... Object role modeling Relation database Projection mathematics Projection relational algebra Projection ... Relation composition Relation reduction RelationaldatabaseRelational model Theory of relations ... logic Relational algebra , an offshoot of first order logic and of algebra of sets , deals with a set of finitary relation s see also relation database which is Closure mathematics closed under certain .... Relational algebra is a part of computer science . Introduction Relational algebras received little attention until the publication of Edgar F. Codd E.F. Codd s relational model relational model of data in 1970. Codd proposed such an algebra as a basis for database query languages. See Implementations below. Relational algebra is essentially equivalent in expressive power to relational calculus ... in many other logic based computer languages. Codd defined the term relational completeness to refer ... relational algebra selection , the projection relational algebra projection , the Cartesian ... operator, Rename relational algebra rename was not noted by Codd, but the need for it is shown ... product is a degenerate case. Altogether, the operators of relational algebra have identical expressive power to that of domain relational calculus or tuple relational calculus . However, for the reasons given in the Introduction above, relational algebra has strictly less expressive power than that of first ... more details
Relational dialectics is a concept within communication theory . The theory, first proposed respectively by Baxter ref Baxter, L. A. 1988 . A dialectical perspective of communication strategies in relationship development. In S. Duck. Ed. Handbook of personal relationships pp. 257 273 . New York Wiley. ref and W. K. Rawlins ref Rawlins, William K. 1988 . A Dialectical Analysis of the Tensions, Functions and Strategic Challenges of Communication in Young Adult Friendships, Communication Yearbook 12, ed. James A. Anderson Newbury, CA Sage ,157 189. ref ref name Rawlins Rawlins, William K. 1992 . Friendship ... al tensions . In their description of Relational Dialectics, Leslie A. Baxter and Barbara M ... 151. ref The Relational Dialectic is an elaboration on Mikhail Bahktin s idea that life is an open monologue and humans experience collisions between opposing desires and needs within relational communications. ref Baxter, L. A. 2204 . A tale of two voices relational dialectics theory. The Journal of Family ... constant attention. Although Baxter s description of Relational Dialectics is thorough, it by no means ... Relational Dialectics is the emotional and value based version of the philosophical Dialectic . It is rooted ... the backdrop of relational dialectics, they are contradiction, totality, process, and praxis. Contradictions are the core concept of Relational Dialectics. It is the dynamic interplay between unified ... openness and privacy both work to condition and define the other. Relational dialectics must be understood ..., such as in the marriage, in the workplace, etc. Dialectics According to the original relational ... in order to obtain a level of spontaneity. Within this, three different forms of the praxis of Relational ... has examined the role Relational Dialectics in regard to friendships. The tension of instrumentality ... International Bibliography of Theatre & Dance with Full Text database Rawlins, William K. and Holl ... revealed through relational dialectics. Communication Monographs, 76 4 , 421 442. See also Uncertainty ... more details
psychoanalysis Relational psychoanalysis is a school of psychoanalysis in the United States that emphasizes ... . Relational psychoanalysis began in the 1980s as an attempt to integrate interpersonal psychoanalysis ... of early formative relationships with parents and other figures. Philosophically, relational psychoanalysis is closely allied with social constructionism . An important difference between relational ... the relational contexts in which they arise. This does not mean that motivation is determined by the environment ... and his or her relational world. Individuals attempt to recreate these early learned relationships .... This recreation of relational patterns serves to satisfy the individuals needs in a way that conforms ..., relational psychoanalysts stress a mixture of waiting, and authentic spontaneity. Some relationally ... interpretations made at what seems to be the proper time. Overall, relational analysts feel that psychotherapy ... . The best known relational psychoanalytic authors are Stephen A. Mitchell and Jay R. Greenberg ... of relational psychoanalysis. Other important relational authors include Lewis Aron , Philip Bromberg ... is Philip Cushman. See International Association for Relational Psychoanalysis & Psychotherapy http www.iarpp.net See also Relational disorder proposed DSM V new diagnosis References Empty section date July 2010 Literature Stephen A. Mitchell, 1988 . Relational Concepts in Psychoanalysis An Integration .... 1999 . Relational Psychoanalysis The Emergence of a Tradition. Hillsdale, NJ The Analytic Press .... br Curtis, R. C. & Hirsch. I. 2003 . Relational Appraoches to Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy. In Gurman ... relational psychoanalysis volume 4 9780415888257 Relational Psychoanalysis IV Expansion of Theory , Psychology Press br Aron, L. and Harris, A. 2011 , http www.psypress.com relational psychoanalysis volume 5 9780415888271 Relational Psychoanalysis V Evolution of Process , Psychology Press br DEFAULTSORT Relational psychoanalysis Category Psychoanalytic theory Category Relational psychoanalysts ... more details
Relational art or relational aesthetics is a mode or tendency in fine art practice originally observed ..., Nicolas, Relational Aesthetics p.113 ref Origin of the term Main Traffic art exhibition One ... english raz1 n1r1s02.htm title BOILER context Bot generated title ref the idea of Relational Art ref As a term, relational art has become accepted over relational aesthetics by the art world and Bourriaud himself as indicated by the 2002 exhibition Touch Relational Art from the 1990s to Now ... in his book Esth tique relationnelle Relational Aesthetics . ref cite web url http place.unm.edu relational art.html title PLACE Program Bot generated title ref The term was first used in 1996 ... and Rirkrit Tiravanija . ref Bishop, Claire Antagonism and Relational Aesthetics pp.54 55 ref ref Bourriaud, Nicolas Relational Aesthetics pp.46 48 ref ref Bourriaud, Nicolas Traffic, Catalogue Capc Bordeaux, 1996 ref ref Bishop, Claire Antagonism and Relational Aesthetics pp.54 55 ref Relational aesthetics ... the World , Bourriaud describes Relational Aesthetics as a book addressing works that take as their point ... p.8 ref Relational art Artists included by Bourriaud under the rubric of Relational Aesthetics ... of relational aesthetics through examples of what he calls relational art. According to Bourriaud, relational art encompasses a set of artistic practices which take as their theoretical and practical ... and private space. ref Bourriaud, Relational Aesthetics p.113 ref The artwork creates a social ... Bourriaud p.13 ref In Relational art, the audience is envisaged as a community. Rather than the artwork being an encounter between a viewer and an object, relational art produces intersubjective encounters ... suggested that relational art is the new ism , in analogue with ism s of earlier periods such as impressionism ... features art safari1.shtml RELATIONAL ART IS IT AN ISM? ref Lewis finds many similarities between relational art and earlier ism s at their beginnings relational art is often not considered art ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Relational presentation also known as visually interactive presentation uses standard presentation software such as Microsoft PowerPoint or Keynote presentation software Keynote in a way that, unlike most presentation structures, allows dynamic customization of messages while presenting. Basic concepts Relational presentation practitioners structure their material using a combination of strategies that include hyperlinks , cognitive design principles, and even illusion to work around the normal linear constraints of slide show s. While presenting, speakers interact with audiences rather than talk at them. They use navigation devices similar to Web navigation controls to move around spontaneously within and between large collections of interconnected shows. Some of these navigation devices use text links and others incorporate picture thumbnails or miniature screenshots as link sources. Theoretical basis Relational presentation techniques have their roots in a research project conducted by Dr. C. June Maker at the University of Arizona in the late 1990s called http discover.arizona.edu DISCOVER . Robert Lane went on to further refine the techniques in a book entitled Relational Presentation A Visually Interactive Approach ref 1 ref . Other individuals such as Chantal ..., sales, and higher education teaching respectively. Some relational presentation concepts have close ... and produced as video for Web viewing. Relational presenters employ an almost identical strategy ... tell a story. However, in the relational presentation context, the presenter provides live narration to complement the imagery. Relational presentation theory is in its infancy with, at the moment .... Unfortunately, no attempt has yet been made to assess whether using relational presentation techniques ... marktplc 01861.htm Relational Presentation A Visually Interactive Approach excerpt . R. A. Lane ... Communications for Relational Presentation examples Category Presentation Comm stub ... more details
unreferenced date January 2010 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In physics and philosophy , a relational theory is a framework to understand reality or a physical system in such a way that the positions and other physical property properties of objects are only meaningful relativity relative to other objects. In a relational spacetime theory, space does not exist unless there are objects in it nor does time exist without event philosophy event s. The relational view proposes that space is contained in objects and that an object represents within itself relationships to other objects. Space can be defined through the relation philosophy relation s among the objects that it contains considering their variations through time. The alternative spatial theory is an absolute theory in which the space exists independently of any objects that can be immersed in it. Someone who has constructed or a relational theory or promotes relational theorising is called a relationist . The relational point of view was advocated by in physics by Gottfried von Leibniz , Ernst Mach in his Mach s principle , and it was rejected by Isaac Newton in his successful description of classical physics . Although Albert Einstein was impressed by Mach s principle, he did not fully incorporate it into his theory of general relativity . Several attempts have been made to formulate a full Machian theory, but most physicists think that none have so far succeeded. For example, see Brans Dicke theory A Relational approach to quantum physics has been developed, in analogy with Einstein s special relativity of space and time. Relationist physicists such as John Baez and Carlo Rovelli have criticised the leading unified theory of gravity and quantum mechanics , string theory , as retaining absolute space. Some prefer a developing theory of gravity, loop quantum gravity for its backgroundlessness . DEFAULTSORT Relational Theory Category Philosophy of physics Physics stub Philo stub hu Rel ci s elm ... more details
Relational nouns are a word class class of words used in some languages that is characterized by functioning syntactically as nouns but conveying the meaning of adposition s. Constructions that can be classified as relational nouns are found in many languages, but the concept is usually used within the context of Mesoamerican languages , where the use of relational nouns constitute an Areal linguistics areal feature of the Mesoamerican Linguistic Area . Languages that use relational nouns include the Mayan languages , the Mixe Zoquean languages , the Oto Manguean languages , Turkish language Turkish and others. A relational noun is grammatically speaking a simple noun, but because its meaning describes a spatial or temporal relation rather than a thing , it is used to describe location, movement, and other relations just as prepositions do in the languages that have them. When used the noun is owned by another noun and describes a relation between its owner and a third noun. For example one could say the cup is the table its surface , where its surface is a relational noun denoting the position of something standing on a flat surface. E.g., in Classical Nahuatl Ca pan petlatl in mist n. Be its on mat the cat. The cat is on the mat. Similarly, in Japanese language Japanese Neko wa mushiro no ue ni neteiru. Cat topic mat s top above case marker sleeps lies. The cat is on the mat. Or, in Turkish language Turkish Otelin n nde bir araba var. Hotel s genitive case front on the a car there is. There is a car in front of the hotel. Often relational nouns will be derived from, or related in meaning to, words for bodyparts, so that for example to say inside one will say its stomach or to say on top of one will say its back . See also lexical categories state collapsed References reflist http www.linguistics.ucla.edu people grads lillehaugen LillehaugenMunro2006aho.pdf The use of Relational Nouns in Chickasaw and Zapotec Category Nouns by type gv Ennymockle conastagh no Relasjonelt ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 In linguistics the term relational oppositeness refers to the relationship between two words which seem to be opposites of each other but in fact actually imply each other. For example own and belong are relational opposites i.e. A owns B is the same as B belongs to A Other examples are wiktionary above above and below and employer and employee . Category Semantics ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 The relational theory of space is a Metaphysics metaphysical theory according to which space is composed of relations between objects, with the implication that it cannot exist in the absence of matter. Its opposite is the container space container theory. A theory of relativity relativistic physics physical theory implies a relation philosophy relational metaphysics , but not the other way round even if space is composed of nothing but relations between observer relativity observer s and event relativity event s, it would be conceptually possible for all observers to agree on their measurements, whereas relativity implies they will disagree. Newtonian physics can be cast in Galilean invariance relational terms , but Newton insisted , for philosophical reasons, on Absolute time and space absolute container space. The subject was famously debated by Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz and a supporter of Newton s in the Leibniz Clarke correspondence . A relational approach can also be applied to time , with, for instance, the implication that there was no time before the first event philosophy event . See also Ren Descartes Philosophy of space and time Spacetime DEFAULTSORT Relational Space Category Philosophical terminology Category Metaphysics Category Philosophy of physics ... more details
Relational aggression , also known as covert aggression ref name simon Simon, George K. In Sheep s Clothing ... 0 location New York year 2003 isbn 1 57230 865 6 accessdate 2008 09 04 ref Relational aggression is more common and more studied among girls than boys. ref name Underwood Forms of relational abuse ... to others. Origin of the term The term relational aggression was first coined in a 1995 study by University ... . The role of overt aggression, relational aggression, and prosocial behavior in the prediction of children ... ref ref Crick, Nicki R. Casas, Juan F. & Mosher, M. 1997 . Relational and overt aggression in preschool ..., Jennifer K. 1995 . Relational aggression, gender, and social psychological adjustment. Child ... conferences. ref e.g., the 2nd Research Conference on Relational Aggression was held at University ... escalating. Tactics used to show relational aggression include humiliation, intimidation ... signs of relational aggression Unreferencedsection date July 2007 Some of the warning signs ref ... disorder Psychological abuse Psychological manipulation Psychological trauma Relational disorder Shame Shunning Spiritual abuse References reflist 2 Further reading Books Kupkovits, Jamie, Relational ... for Working With Relational Aggression 2007 Wosnik, Debra, The I Hate Wendy Club Story, Lessons, & Activities on Relational Aggression, Grades 2 5 2007 Academic articles Carpenter, E.M. & Nangle, D.W. 2006 . Caught between stages Relational aggression emerging as a developmental advance in at risk ... and children s relational and physical aggression in the preschool and home contexts . Journal ... re not friends anymore Unless... The frequency and harmfulness of indirect, relational, and social ..., S.L. 2005 . The Relevance of the Social Information Processing Model for Understanding Relational ... . Relational aggression, gender, and social psychological adjustment . Child Development , 66 3 , 710 722. ERIC Journal No. EJ503787 Crick, N.R. 1996 . The role of overt aggression, relational aggression ... more details
In linguistics , Relational Grammar RG is a syntactic theory which argues that primitive grammatical relations provide the ideal means to state syntactic rules in universal terms. Relational grammar began as an alternative to transformational grammar . Term Relations In Relational Grammar, constituent linguistics constituents that serve as the argument linguistics arguments to predicate grammar predicates are numbered. This numbering system corresponds loosely to the notions of subject grammar subject , direct object and indirect object . The numbering scheme is subject 1 , direct object 2 and indirect object 3 . A schematic representation of a clause in this formalism might look like class wikitable border 1 1 P 3 2 John gave Mary a kiss Other Features Strata Chomage Predicate valence Universals One of the components of RG theory is a set of linguistic universal s stated in terms of the numbered roles presented above. Such a universal is the Stratal Uniqueness Law which states that there can be at most one 1, 2, and 3 per stratum. Further reading Blake, Barry J. 1990 . Relational grammar . London Routledge. cite conference first David last Johnson authorlink David E. Johnson coauthors Adam Meyers and Lawrence S. Moss title A Unification Based Parser for Relational Grammar booktitle Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics pages 97 104 date 1993 url http citeseer.ist.psu.edu johnson93unificationbased.html Perlmutter, David M. 1980 . Relational grammar. In E. A. Moravcsik & J. R. Wirth Eds. , Syntax and semantics Current approaches to syntax Vol. 13, pp. 195 229 . New York Academic Press. Perlmutter, David M. Ed. . 1983 . Studies in relational grammar 1 . Chicago Chicago University Press. Perlmutter, David M. & Rosen, Carol G. Eds. . 1984 . Studies in relational grammar 2 . Chicago Chicago University Press. Postal, Paul M. & Joseph, Brian D. Eds. . 1990 . Studies in relational grammar 3 . Chicago Chicago University Press. Sources Johnson, David E. 1974 ... more details
Orphan date October 2010 unreferenced date March 2010 Infobox Company company name Relational Investors LLC company type Private company Private foundation 1996 location Image Flag of the United States.svg 20px California, San Diego br founder Ralph V. Whitworth , Co Founder br David H. Batchelder , Co Founder br industry Financial Services products Asset Management s, Activist Investor assets 6 billion homepage http www.rillc.com www.rillc.com Relational Investors is an activist investment fund based in San Diego , California . Founded in 1996 by Ralph Whitworth, the fund has 6 Billion in assets under management. The firm primarily invests in value stocks of companies with market capitalization of over 5 billion while charging a 1 management fee and a 20 incentive fee on returns above the S&P 500 . The fund tends to invest in specific target companies with the intent of exerting influence on management while getting its own board members elected. Typically, the fund looks for businesses with strong fundamentals and cash flows but are trading below their intrinsic value due to improper management. Investment Strategy Typically, Relational initiates a small stake in a target company of around 100 million. Then a request of audience is made to management and directors with a list of proposals to boost shareholder value. If the target company is receptive, Relational will build its position to 5 to 10 of the equity finance equity . If the company rejects Relational s advances, however, the firm typically will act on the threat of mounting a proxy fight and going public with its proposals. The Fund typically pushes for large buybacks and dividends to shareholders. Recent Investments Relational currently owns 10.6 million shares, or about 4 equity in Genzyme . Relational reached ... Relational Investors Official website http investing.businessweek.com research stocks private snapshot.asp?privcapId 22657 Business Week company profile http www.linkedin.com companies relational investors ... more details
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