Quantum mechanics cTopic Fundamental concepts Quantumentanglement is a property of the quantum state ... spatially separated . Research into quantumentanglement was initiated by the EPR paradox paper ... the word entanglement was used to refer to quantum particles that had been in interaction with each ... of relativity . ref Alisa Bokulich, Gregg Jaeger, Philosophy of Quantum Information and Entanglement ...&rep rep1&type pdf QuantumEntanglement and Communication Complexity 1998 , by M. P. Hobson et. al ... anti correlated. However, with quantumentanglement, if Alice and Bob measure the spin of their particles ... to entanglement. While it is true that a bipartite quantum state must be entangled in order for it to produce ... more involved with the foundations and interpretations of Quantum Mechanics. Methods of creating entanglement ... electrons until decay occurs. Applications of entanglementEntanglement has many applications in quantum ... the best known applications of entanglement are superdense coding and quantum teleportation . ref ... Linden doi 10.1098 rspa.2002.1097 title On the role of entanglement in quantum computational speed ... seen as an analogue of quantumentanglement. Quantum mechanical framework The following subsections ... be viewed as a measure of quantumentanglement. Definition In classical information theory, the Shannon ... states Squashed entanglement Coherence physics Quantum coherence Quantum coherence Action at a distance physics Ghirardi Rimini Weber theory Quantum pseudo telepathy Entanglement distillation Quantum phase transition Concurrence quantum computing Multipartite entanglement Photon entanglement References ... complexity of Edmonds Problem and quantumentanglement journal Proceedings of the thirty ... Steward EG title Quantum Mechanics Its Early Development and the Road to Entanglement publisher ... P, Horodecki M, Horodecki K title Quantumentanglement journal Rev. Mod. Phys. arxiv quant ph 0702225 year 2007 Jaeger G. 2009 . Entanglement, Information, and the Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics ... more details
wiktionarypar entanglementEntanglement may refer to Quantumentanglement Orientation entanglementEntanglement graph measure Entanglement of polymer chains, see Reptation Wire entanglementEntanglement , a level in Half Life 2 See also Entangled disambiguation disambig ja ... more details
Squashed entanglement , also called CMI entanglement CMI can be pronounced see me , is an information theoretic measure of quantumentanglement for a bipartite quantum system. If math varrho A, B math ... of CMI entanglement CMI entanglement has its roots in Information theory classical non quantum information ... of math E CMI varrho A,B math . We want a measure of quantumentanglement that vanishes in the classical ... of obtaining a measure of quantumentanglement based on CMI this can be inferred, for example .... The first paper to explicitly point out a connection between CMI and quantumentanglement ... cite arxiv eprint quant ph 9909041 last1 Tucci first1 Robert R. title QuantumEntanglement and Conditional ... for Calculating QuantumEntanglement class quant ph year 2001 Tuc01b cite arxiv eprint quant ph 0103040 ... , then the CMI entanglement math E CMI math of system math A,B math is defined by NumBlk 1 2 math ... A,B, Lambda math such that math varrho A, B tr Lambda varrho A, B, Lambda math . Thus, CMI entanglement ... of math varrho A, B, Lambda math . We define math S A B Lambda math , the quantum Conditional Mutual ... math , in agreement with the definition of entanglement of formation for pure states. Here math S varrho ... can define a quantum analogue of Eq. 2 by NumBlk 1 2 math S A B S varrho A S varrho B S varrho A, B , math , 3 Eq. 4 RawN . and a quantum analogue of Eq. 3 by NumBlk 1 2 math S A B Lambda S varrho A, Lambda ... of quantum entropy. Consider three random variables math A,B, Lambda math with probability distribution ... entanglement by NumBlk 1 2 math E CMI P A,B min P A, B, Lambda in K H A B Lambda math , 3 Eq. 7 RawN ... that the classical CMI entanglement, math E CMI P A,B math , is zero for all math P A,B math ... is an orthonormal basis for the Hilbert space associated with a quantum system math Lambda math . Suppose ... 0 math . Eq. 8 is the quantum counterpart of Eq. 6 . Tracing the density matrix of Eq. 8 over math ... A, B S varrho A S varrho B math . This agrees with the definition of entanglement of formation ... more details
a high degree of entanglement between distributed quantum states by transforming N copies of an arbitrary ... entanglement. Applications Besides its important application in quantum communication, entanglement ... of entanglement distillation is discussed briefly for the following applications. Quantum Error Correction main Quantum error correction Entanglement distillation protocols for mixed states can be used ... when conventional quantum error correction techniques fail. Entanglement distillation protocols are known ... of quantum information due to the property that entanglement distillation protocols allow ... it. Quantum Cryptography main Quantum cryptography The concept of correlated measurement outcomes and entanglement ... entanglement distillation to obtain maximally entangled states is essential for quantum cryptography ... classical communication and prior entanglement for a direct quantum channel. Using teleportation ... entanglementQuantum state Quantum teleportation LOCC Notes and references reflist refbegin citation ... 1 pages 010303 year 2007 refend Quantum computing DEFAULTSORT Entanglement Distillation Category Quantum ...Entanglement distillation is the transformation of N copies of an arbitrary entangled state math rho ... LOCC . Entanglement distillation can in this way overcome the degenerative influence of noisy quantum channel s by transforming previously shared less entangled pairs into a smaller number of maximally entangled pairs Bell state s . History The limits for entanglement dilution and distillation ..., Herbert J. Popescu, Sandu Schumacher, Benjamin 1996 , Concentrating Partial Entanglement by Local Operations , Phys. Rev. A 53 2046 2052 . ref . Entanglement distillation protocols for pure state ... ref name BBSP while Entanglement distillation protocols for mixed state s were introduced by Bennett ... of Noisy Entanglement and Faithful Teleportation via Noisy Channels , Phys. Rev. A 76 722 725 . ref ..., Charles H. DiVincenzo, David P. Smolin, John A. Wooters, William K. 1996 , Mixed State Entanglement ... more details
Reflist Further reading R. Horodecki, P. Horodecki, M. Horodecki, K. Horodecki, Quantumentanglement ... separability . ref name quantiki from http www.quantiki.org wiki index.php Multipartite entanglement ... s particle entanglement An math m math particle system can have at most math s math particle entanglement ... the entanglement of a pure state is described by the spectra of the reduced density matrices of all ... case. ref name quantiki Positive but not completely positive PnCP maps and entanglement witnesses ... A 1 math . ref name quantiki The definition of entanglement witness and the Choi Jamiolkowski isomorphism that links PnCP maps to entanglement witnesses in the bipartite case can also be generalized to the multipartite setting. We therefore get a Separability criteria separability condition from entanglement ... non negative mean value math Tr W varrho A 1 ldots A m geq 0 math for all entanglement witnesses math W math . Correspondingly, the entanglement of math varrho A 1 ldots A m math is detected by the witness ... to the multipartite case. ref name quantiki Multipartite entanglement measures Many of the Axiomatic Approach axiomatic entanglement measures for bipartite states, such as Quantum relative entropy relative entropy of entanglement , robustness of entanglement and squashed entanglement , can be generalized to the multipartite setting. ref name quantiki The relative entropy of entanglement , for example ... the measure will not distinguish between truly multipartite entanglement and several instances of bipartite entanglement, such as math EPR AB otimes EPR CD math . In order to analyze truly multipartite entanglement one has to consider the set of states containing no more than math k math particle entanglement. ref name quantiki In the case of squashed entanglement , its multipartite version ... the entanglement of the states, and therefore many new entanglement measures have been constructed, especially for pure multipartite states. ref name quantiki Multipartite entanglement measures for pure ... more details
In quantum information theory , an entanglement witness is an object of geometric nature which distinguishes an Quantumentanglement entangled state from separable ones. Details We first recall a few preliminary facts before giving the main result which shows the existence of entanglement witnesses. Let a composite quantum system have state space math H A otimes H B math . A density matrix mixed state is then a trace class positive operator on the state space which has trace 1. We can view the family of states as a subset of the real Banach space generated by the Hermitian trace class operators, with the trace norm. A mixed state is separable if it can be approximated, in the trace norm, by states of the form math xi sum i 1 k p i rho i A otimes rho i B math ,where math rho i A math s and math rho i B math s are pure states on the subsystems A and B respectively. So the family of separable states is the closed convex hull of pure product states. We will make use of the following variant of Hahn Banach theorem Theorem Let math S 1 math and math S 2 math be convex closed sets in a real ... and Sufficient Conditions , Physics Letters A 223, 1 1996 . Z. Ficek, QuantumEntanglement Processing ... and polygamy of entanglement in multipartite quantum systems , Appl. Math. Inf. Sci. 4, 281 288 2010 . Category Quantum information theory ... call an entanglement witness . There are more than one hyperplane separating a closed convex set and a point lying outside of it. So for an entangled state there are more than one entanglement witnesses ..., modulo a few details, we have shown the existence of an entanglement witness given an entangled .... On the other hand, given an entangled state, one of its entanglement witnesses will violate the given ... pure states, then f , or its identification as a Hermitian operator, is an entanglement witness. Such a f indicates the entanglement of some state. Using the isomorphism between entanglement ... more details
Quantumentanglemententanglement , consider again the two photons discussed above and observe ... by means of quantumentanglement is actually impossible because neither side can manipulate the state ..., any system always possesses precise values for all of the observables that we can conceive, but in quantum ... to the single quantum state which asserts that one photon is in A with vertical polarization ... remains horizontally polarized. The state math left 1,V right rang math is actually a Quantum superposition ... This is entanglement. Applications One important area where entanglement can be applied is in computer ... causality is preserved. Photon entanglement may soon be used as a Covert channel if not already. This is due ... AdvR Photon entanglement in KTP Waveguides http www.nature.com news 2010 100602 full news.2010.275.html LED entangles light at the flick of a switch Category Quantum measurement Category ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Flavors of Entanglement Cover ALANIS FOE FINAL COVER.JPG ... pm review alanis morissette flavors of entanglement link Rolling Stone Rating 3.5 5 http www.rollingstone.com reviews album 20949243 review 20961625 flavors of entanglement link Slant ... album Alanis Morissette The Collection br 2005 This album Flavors of Entanglement br 2008 Next album Misc Singles Name Flavors of Entanglement Type studio single 1 Underneath song Underneath single ... 3 Not as We single 3 date October 13, 2008 Flavors of Entanglement ref name Holons is the seventh studio ... has noted an expansion of her musical sound on Flavors of Entanglement , and that there are more ... that the title of the album was Flavors of Entanglement , while noting that no release date had ... OF ENTANGLEMENT May 20 on Maverick Reprise Bot generated title ref On Tuesday, June 3, 2008, MuchMusic ... Her North American Flavors of Entanglement Tour began on September 18, 2008 and ended on November 17 ... 2009, Morissette embarked on her Flavors of Entanglement South American Tour Latin American and South ..., Flavors of Entanglement debuted at 8 on the Billboard 200 with 70,576 copies sold. As of December ... Alanis Morissette Flavors Of Entanglement Bot generated title ref align center 6 align ... See also Flavors of Entanglement Tour Flavors of Entanglement South American Tour Notes Reflist References .... Alanis Morissette DEFAULTSORT Flavors Of Entanglement Category Alanis Morissette albums Category 2008 albums Category Maverick Records albums Category Albums produced by Guy Sigsworth de Flavors of Entanglement es Flavors of entanglement fr Flavors of Entanglement it Flavors of Entanglement he Flavors of Entanglement ka Flavors of Entanglement lt Flavors of Entanglement hu Flavors of Entanglement nl Flavors of Entanglement pt Flavors of Entanglement ru Flavors of Entanglement simple Flavors of Entanglement fi Flavors of Entanglement ... more details
In mathematics and physics , the notion of orientation entanglement is sometimes ref Feynman et al., Volume 3. please be more explicit which book is that ?? ref used to develop intuition relating to the geometry of spinors or alternatively as a concrete realization of the failure of the special orthogonal group s to be simply connected . Elementary description Spatial vectors alone are not sufficient to describe fully the properties of rotations in space. Image Rotating coffee cup1.svg thumb 150px A coffee cup with bands attached to its handle and opposite side. Consider the following example. ref cite book last Misner first Charles W. authorlink coauthors Kip S. Thorne, John A. Wheeler title Gravitation publisher W. H. Freeman year 1973 location pages 1148 1149 url doi id isbn 0716703343 ref A coffee cup is suspended in a room by a pair of elastic rubber bands fixed to the walls of the room. The cup is rotated by its handle through a full twist of 360 , so that the handle is brought all the way around the central vertical axis of the cup and back to its original position. Note that after this rotation, the cup has been returned to its original orientation, but that its orientation with respect to the walls is twisted . In other words, if we lower the coffee cup to the floor of the room, the two bands will coil around each other in one full twist of a double helix . This is an example of orientation entanglement the new orientation of the coffee cup embedded in the room is not actually the same as the old orientation, as evidenced by the twisting of the rubber bands. Stated another way, the orientation of the coffee cup has become entangled with the orientation of the surrounding walls. clr Image Vector coffee cup.svg thumb 150px The coffee cup vector. After a full rotation, the vector is unchanged. Clearly the geometry of spatial vectors alone is insufficient to express the orientation entanglement the twist of the rubber bands . Consider drawing a vector across the cup ... more details
unreferenced date October 2010 Infobox television show name Legal Entanglement br image include ALT text per MOS ALT guideline caption show name 2 genre Modern drama format Series creator developer writer Chu Keng Kei director creative director presenter starring Hacken Lee br Kenix Kwok br Michael Tse br Elaine Ng judges voices narrated theme music composer Lee Shih Shiong opentheme Unknowingly Fell in Love with You by Hacken Lee endtheme composer country flag Hong Kong language Cantonese num seasons 1 num episodes 22 list episodes executive producer producer Tam Long Cheung editor location Hong Kong cinematography camera runtime 45 minutes company distributor channel Television Broadcasts Limited TVB picture format audio format first run first aired start date 2002 2 18 df y last aired start date 2002 3 17 df y status Ended preceded by followed by related website http tvcity.tvb.com drama legale production website Chinese title Legal Entanglement t s p F W ng Y R n j Faat3 Mong2 Ji1 Jan4 Legal Entanglement zh zh is a List of TVB series 2002 2002 Television in Hong Kong Hong Kong modern drama produced by Television Broadcasts Limited TVB . Synopsis Sammi Shum Hok Yee Kenix Kwok quits her studies and marries a tycoon s son, Raymond Lam Wai Man Lee Wai Kei , despite her father s Chor Yuen objection. At first, she feels like a princess living in a fairy tale, until she discovers her husband is having an affair. She wakes up from her dream and finds that the reality is that she is suffering from post natal depression She loses the custody of her son, QQ, after divorcing her husband. Luckily, her friend Yip Heung Fai Stephen Au finds her an assistant job in a law firm. She works hard and resumes her unfinished law degree hoping that she will get her son back. When everything settles down, she meets Mark Ko Ching Long Hacken Lee who represented her husband for her son s case and is now her boss. He does not remember her. She is aggressive ... more details
In the theory of quantum communication , the entanglement assisted stabilizer formalism is a method for protecting quantum information with the help of entanglement shared between a sender and receiver before they transmit quantum data over a quantum communication channel. It extends the standard stabilizer formalism by including quantumentanglement shared entanglement Brun et al. 2006 . The advantage of entanglement assisted stabilizer codes is that the sender can exploit the error correcting properties ... can make clever use of her shared quantumentanglement ebit s so that the global stabilizer is abelian and thus forms a valid quantum error correcting code . Definition We review the construction of an entanglement assisted code Brun et al. 2006 . Suppose that there is a nonabelian subgroup math ... ways Wilde and Brun 2007b . Suppose that an entanglement assisted quantum code encodes math k ... et al. make this assumption when deriving the entanglement assisted capacity of a quantum channel for sending quantum information. The entanglement assisted rate is math k n math for a code with the above ... lie. The construction for an entanglement assisted quantum block code minimizes the number math .... References Todd A. Brun, Igor Devetak, and Min Hsiu Hsieh. Correcting Quantum Errors with Entanglement .... Available at http arxiv.org abs 0807.2080 Mark M. Wilde. Quantum Coding with Entanglement. Ph.D. Dissertation ... Min Hsiu Hsieh, Igor Devetak, Todd A. Brun. General entanglement assisted quantum error correcting ... Formulas for Entanglement Assisted Quantum Coding. Phys. Rev. A 77, 064302 2008 . Available ... and Todd A. Brun. Quantum Convolutional Coding with Shared Entanglement General Structure. Available ... math mathcal S I math and the entanglement subgroup math mathcal S E math . The isotropic subgroup ... qubits math mathcal S I left bar Z 1 , ldots, bar Z s right math . The elements of the entanglement ... s math mathcal S E left bar Z s 1 , ldots, bar Z s c , bar X s 1 , ldots, bar X s c right math . Entanglement ... more details
In graph theory , entanglement of a directed graph is a number measuring how strongly the cycles of the graph are intertwined. It is defined in terms of a mathematical game in which n cops try to capture a robber, who escapes along the edges of the graph. Similar to other graph measures, such as cycle rank , some algorithmic problems, e.g. parity game , can be efficiently solved on graphs of bounded entanglement. Definition The entanglement game ref name BG D. Berwanger and E. Gr del, http www.logic.rwth aachen.de pub dwb BG lpar04.pdf Entangelement &ndash A Meausre for the Complexity of Directed Graphs with Applications to Logic and Games , Proceedings of LPAR 04, vol. 3452 of LNCS, pp. 209&ndash 223 2004 ref is played by n cops against a robber on a directed graph G . Initially, all cops are outside the graph and the robber selects an arbitrary starting vertex v of G . Further on, the players move in turn. In each move the cops either stay where they are, or place one of them on the vertex currently occupied by the robber. The robber must move from her current vertex, along an edge, to a successor that is not occupied by a cop. The robber must move if no cop is following him. If there is no free successor to which the robber can move, she is caught, and the cops win. The robber wins if she cannot be caught, i.e. if the play can be made to last forever. A graph G has entanglement n if n cops win in the entanglement game on G but n &minus 1 cops lose the game. Properties and applications Graphs of entanglement zero and one can be characterized as follows ref name BG entanglement of G is 0 if and only if G is Directed acyclic graph acyclic entanglement of G is 1 if and only if G is not acyclic, and in every strongly connected component of G there is a node whose removal makes the component acyclic. Entanglement has also been a key notion in proving that the variable ... Links You can play the entanglement game online on http tplay.org index.html?game Entanglement ... more details
infobox concert tour concert tour name Flavors of Entanglement Tour album Flavors of Entanglement artist Alanis Morissette start date September 18, 2008 end date November 17, 2008 number of legs 2 number of shows last tour Exile in America with Matchbox Twenty and Mutemath this tour Flavors of Entanglement Tour br 2008 next tour Flavors of Entanglement South American Tour br 2009 The Flavors of Entanglement tour is the 15th official concert tour by Canadian musician Alanis Morissette . The tour promoted her summer 2008 album Flavors of Entanglement . The Flavors of Entanglement North American tour began in September 2008. There was also a Meet and Greet contest held for the Phoenix show on the 11th of November. ref http www.myspace.com alanismorissette blog ref The tour took place in Canada and the United States . Expand section date February 2011 Opening Acts Alexi Murdoch Setlist Some songs were performed from the Entanglement album while Morissette also performed older songs such as So Pure , Ironic song Ironic and Thank U . ref http www.setlist.fm stats alanis morissette 13d6b961.html?tour Flavors of Entanglement Tour ref The set list, although changed for some concerts, mostly looked like this Moratorium Intro Uninvited All I Really Want Eight Easy Steps Perfect all dates except for some German gigs Not as We Not As We performed only in London, Munich, Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne Citizen Of The Planet Head Over Feet Unprodigal Daughter Versions Of Violence A Man That Particular Time Hand In My Pocket In Praise Of The Vulnerable Man London and Zaragoza only Moratorium You Oughta Know Tapes Underneath song Underneath You Learn Ironic song Ironic Thank U When performing during Festivals, the set list was slightly shorter Moratorium Intro Uninvited All I Really Want Eight Easy Steps Perfect You Learn Citizen Of The Planet Hand In My Pocket Underneath Moratorium You Oughta Know Ironic Thank U Tour dates class wikitable bgcolor CCCCCC width 170 rowspan 1 Date width 140 rowspan ... more details
Quantum mechanics cTopic Background Quantum topology is a branch of mathematics that connects quantum mechanics with low dimensional topology . Dirac notation provides a viewpoint of quantum mechanics which becomes amplified into a framework that can embrace the amplitudes associated with topological space s and the related embedding of one space within another such as knots and links in three dimensional space. This Bra ket notation of kets and bras can be generalised, becoming maps of vector space s associated with topological space s that allow tensor product s. ref Quantum Topology and Quantum Computing by Louis H. Kauffman ref Topological Tangle mathematics entanglement involving Link knot theory linking and Braid theory braiding can be intuitively related to quantumentanglement . ref Quantum Topology and Quantum Computing by Louis H. Kauffman ref See also Topological quantum field theory References Quantum topology by Louis H. Kauffman and Randy A. Baadhio, World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd, 1993 reflist External links http www.ems ph.org journals journal.php?jrn qt Quantum Topology at EMS Publishing House. Category Quantum mechanics Category Topology zh ... more details
orphan date September 2008 Quantum networks descend from the study of Quantum cryptography . The idea of a quantum network emerged after successful experiments on quantum teleportation . When two companies one from Switzerland, idQuantique , and another from the USA, MagiQTech released practical communication devices based upon the rules of quantum mechanics , the need for a secure network capable of utilizing quantum principles was realized. These networks are now known as quantum communication networks. In these networks, data is communicated as quantum states through the technique of Quantumentanglemententanglement via an optical fiber link. History of Development border 1 cellpadding 5 Date Developments Notes Oct 23rd 2003 DARPA Quantum Network becomes fully operational The world s first quantum encrypted functional network becomes fully operational in BBN Labs June 2004 DARPA Quantum Network is linked between campuses Dark fibre routed beneath the streets of Cambridge, Massachusetts used to link Harvard University with the BBN Technologies campus, allowing non stop quantum cryptography 24 7 Dec 2004 Quantum Network consists of 6 nodes ... June 2005 DARPA Quantum Network expands to incorporate first free space link Allowing quantum keys and communications to be transmitted securely through the air See also Quantum Mechanics br Quantum Computer br Quantum bus br Chemical computer br DNA computer br Molecular computer br Quantum Internet br Sources 1 http itvibe.com news 2583 br 2 http www.vnunet.com vnunet news 2125164 first quantum computer network goes online br 3 http www.bbn.com news and events press releases 2005 press releases 05 06 01 br 4 http adsabs.harvard.edu abs 2004quant.ph.12029E Category Quantum information science telecomm stub de Quantennetzwerk hu Kvantumh l zat ja ru ... more details
Quantum technology is a new field of physics and engineering, which transitions some of the stranger features of quantum mechanics , especially quantumentanglement , into practical applications such as quantum computing , quantum cryptography , quantum simulation, quantum metrology , quantum sensing , and quantum imaging . The field of quantum technology was first outlined in a 1997 book by Gerard ... P. Dowling and Gerard J. Milburn , ref http journals.royalsociety.org content bdm1frlb9tfmr3ar Quantum Technology The Second Quantum Revolution , J.P.Dowling and G.J.Milburn, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A 361, 3655 2003 ref ref http arxiv.org abs quant ph 0206091 Quantum Technology The Second Quantum Revolution ..., Philosophy, and Quantum Technology , D.Deutsch in the Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing, Shapiro, J.H. and Hirota, O., Eds. Rinton Press, Princeton, NJ. 2003 ref The field of quantum technology has benefited immensely from the influx of new ideas from the field of quantum information processing , particularly quantum computing . Disparate areas of quantum physics , such as quantum optics , atom optics , quantum electronics , and quantum nanomechanical devices , have been unified under the search for a quantum computer and given a common language, that of quantum information theory. References reflist External links http www.sciencenews.org articles 20011208 bob16.asp Gadgets from the Quantum Spookhouse , Science News, Vol ... Timing Quantum linked photons coordinate clock ticks , Science News, Vol. 166, No. 13, Sept. 25, 2004 ... full 412417a0.html Quantum enhanced positioning and clock synchronization , Nature 412, 417 419 26 July 2001 . http minty.stanford.edu Collective Quantum Feedback Control and Metrology with Cold Atoms http www.fi.infn.it GGI grav space EGS w pdf kasevich.pdf Quantum Atomic Gravity Gradiometer http www.scienceagogo.com news 20050110221715data trunc sys.shtml Real World Quantum Effects Demonstrated ... more details
no footnotes date September 2010 Quantum nanoscience is the research area and the branch of nanotechnology and physics that uses methods of quantum theory to the design of new types of nanodevices and nanoscale materials, where functionality and structure of quantum nanodevices are described through quantum phenomena and principles such as discretisation , quantum superposition superposition and entanglement . As a well known quantum nanodevice is a quantum computer , which can be considers as a quantum system for computation that makes direct use superposition and entanglement, to perform quantum operations with quantum states. As an interesting possible quantum nanodevice, which should be built by nanotechnology, is a quantum robot . The other example is quantum nanomechanics that is a new field engendered by the ability to create mechanical nanoresonators with very high frequencies. See also Quantum Computer Quantum robot References Reflist http homepage.mac.com gjmilburn Quantum nanoscience 2.pdf G. J. Milburna, M. J. Woolleya Quantum nanoscience Contemporary Physics, Vol. 49, No. 6, 2008 413 433. http pra.aps.org abstract PRA v58 i2 p893 1 P. Benioff, Quantum Robots and Environments , Phys. Rev. A 58 1998 893 904. http arxiv.org abs quant ph 9802067 arXiv quant ph 9802067 http arxiv.org abs quant ph 0506155 Dao Yi Dong, et al., Quantum Robot Structure, Algorithms and Applications ... Research 20Papers PPQT.pdf Deutsch D., Physics, Philosophy, and Quantum Technology , in the Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Quantum Communication, Measurement and Computing, Shapiro ... The Quantum Technology Reshaping Everyday Life ISBN 0716731061 0 7167 3106 1 http www.worldscinet.com ijn 08 0804n05 S0219581X09005517.html V.E. Tarasov, Quantum Nanotechnology International Journal ... en Department of Quantum Nanoscience Kavli Institute of Nanoscience http www.ausnano.net index.php?page groups&group 100 Quantum nanoscience Group The Australian Research Council Nanotechnology ... more details
Context date October 2009 A quantum sensor is a device that exploits quantum correlations, such as quantumentanglement to achieve a sensitivity or resolution that is better than can achieved using only classical systems. ref http merlin.fic.uni.lodz.pl concepts 2005 3 4 2005 3 4 225.pdf K.T.Kapale, et al., Concepts of Physics 2 2005 225 . ref The Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency has recently launched a research program in optical quantum sensors that seeks to exploit ideas from quantum metrology and quantum imaging , such as quantum lithography and the NOON state , in order to achieve these goals with optical sensor systems such as lidar . ref http www.darpa.mil sto space qsp.html DARPA Quantum Sensor Program . ref Quantum sensor is also a term used in other settings where entangled quantum systems are exploited to make better atomic clocks , ref http link.aps.org abstract PRA v54 pR4649 J.J.Bollinger, et al., Phys. Rev. A 54 1996 R4649 . ref or more sensitive magnetometers . ref http link.aps.org abstract PRL v93 e173002 M.Auzinsh et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 2004 173002 . ref ref http link.aps.org abstract PRA v73 e040304 A.Guillaume & J.P.Dowling, Phys. Rev. A 73 2006 040304 R . ref References Reflist Category Quantum information science Category Quantum mechanics ... more details
Quantum Coupling is an effect in quantum mechanics in which two or more quantum systems are bound such that a change in one of the quantum states in one of the systems will cause an instantaneous change in all of the bound systems. It is a state similar to quantumentanglement but whereas quantumentanglement can take place over long distances quantum coupling is restricted to quantum scales. Quantum coupling in action Trapped ion quantum computers utilize the quantum coupling effect by suspending particles representing qubits in an array of ion traps. These particles are then induced into a state of quantum coupling by using optical pumping by a laser. Information can be stored in this state by coupling two or more qubits. While the individual particles may fluctuate their values, the quantum states of the two qubits remain locked in relation to each other, via Coulomb force . Any action by one of the coupled ions instantaneously alters the other to maintain the relative value. This allows the computer to hold information despite the instability of the individual particles. Other examples In benzene , C sub 6 sub H sub 6 sub , the charges of the individual carbon atoms exhibit coupling. There are three double bonds and three single bond s in alternating positions around the ring. The measurement of the energy in any individual bond will result in a puzzling result resembling an impossible one and a half bond . This is because the bonds are in a quantum superposition of double and single bonds at any particular bond position. The coupling effect causes the charge at all points on the ring to be altered when a bond at any one point is altered, in order to maintain the relative charge between atoms . This results in an illusionary bond and a half bond between all 6 carbon atoms. Category Quantum mechanics sl Kvantna sklopitev ... more details
Quantum imaging ref http www.iop.org EJ abstract 1464 4266 4 3 372 Quantum Imaging , L A Lugiato et al. 2002 J. Opt. B Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 4 S176 S183. ref , ref http www.informaworld.com openurl?genre issue&issn 0950 0340&volume 53&issue 5 Special Issue on Quantum Imaging , Edited by Jonathan Dowling, Alessandra Gatti and Alexander Sergienko, Journal of Modern Optics, Volume 53 No. 5 2006 . ref , ref http ieeexplore.ieee.org xpl freeabs all.jsp?arnumber 4303053 Quantum Imaging , Yanhua Shih, IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 13 2007 1016. ref is a new sub field of quantum optics that exploits quantum correlations such as quantumentanglement of the electromagnetic field in order to image objects with a optical resolution resolution or other imaging criteria that is beyond what is possible in classical optics . Examples of quantum imaging are quantum ghost imaging , quantum lithography , and quantum sensing . Quantum imaging may someday be useful for storing patterns of data in quantum computers and transmitting large amounts of highly secure encrypted information. Quantum mechanics has shown that light has inherent uncertainties in its features, manifested as moment to moment fluctuations in its properties. Controlling these fluctuations which represent a sort of noise can improve detection of faint objects, produce better amplified images, and allow workers to more accurately position laser beams. ref http newswise.com articles view 541666 Newswise Physicists Produce Quantum Entangled Images Retrieved on June 12, 2008. ref External links http www.quantiki.org wiki index.php Quantum imaging Quantum Imaging Overview at Quantiki . References Reflist Category Quantum information science Category Quantum mechanics ... more details
Quantum radar is a hypothetical remote sensing method based on quantumentanglement. One possible implementation of such technology has been developed and patented ref cite web url https publications.european patent office.org PublicationServer documentpdf.jsp?PN EP1750145 20EP 201750145&iDocId 6181555&iepatch .pdf title European patent number EP1750145 accessdate 2007 03 17 ref by defense contractor Lockheed Martin . ref cite news url http www.guardian.co.uk science story 0,,2027298,00.html title US defence contractor looks for quantum leap in radar research accessdate 2007 03 17 work The Guardian location London first David last Adam date 2007 03 06 ref It intends to create a radar system which provides a better resolution and higher detail than classical radar can provide. The technology is hoped to work by using photon entanglement to allow several entangled photons to function as if a shorter wavelength was used to allow detection of small details while having an overall longer group ... to Lockheed Martin s planned implementation of technology , using quantum photon entanglement, may ... 1101.2223 hypothetical research paper on the subject suggests that photon entanglement, combined with interferometry, can possibly be used to remote sense distant quantum properties of past, present or even ... ref cite web url http feny.idokep.hu quantum Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser Remote Sensing Hyperspace.pdf title Causal and relativistic loopholes in a Delayed choice Quantum Eraser Experiment accessdate 2011 01 04 ref supposedly found in the 1999 realization of the Delayed choice quantum eraser Delayed Choice Quantum Eraser experiment by Yoon Ho Kim, R. Yu, S.P. Kulik, Y.H. Shih, designed ... US defence contractor looks for quantum leap in radar research https publications.european ...&iepatch .pdf Patent for Radar systems and methods using entangled quantum particles http arxiv.org ftp arxiv papers 1101 1101.2223.pdf Remote Sensing Quantum Hyperspace by Entangled Photon Interferometry ... more details
Quantum biology refers to applications of quantum mechanics to biological objects and problems. Usually, it is taken to refer to applications of the non trivial quantum features such as quantum superposition superposition , nonlocality , quantumentanglemententanglement and quantum tunneling tunneling ... date 2009 title Quantum Biology journal AAPP Physical, Mathematical, and Natural Sciences volume 87 issue 1 at no. C1C0901001 doi 10.1478 C1C0901001 issn 1825 1242 ref Recently, quantumentanglement ... by quantumentanglement. citation needed date December 2010 Notes Reflist Further reading Derek ... by dictating quantum chemistry . Erwin Schr dinger is one of the first scientists to suggest a study of quantum biology his 1946 book What is Life? Applications Many biological processes involve the conversion of energy into forms that are usable for chemical transformations and are quantum .... ref Quantum Biology. University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group. http www.ks.uiuc.edu Research quantum biology ref Quantum biology uses mathematical computation to model biological interactions in light of quantum mechanical effects. ref http www.sciencedaily.com releases 2007 01 070116133617.htm Science Daily Quantum Biology Powerful Computer ... phenomena that have been studied in terms of quantum processes are the absorbance of frequency specific ... PBD quantum secrets.html Quantum Secrets of Photosynthesis Revealed ref and visual system vision ... Starting from Maturana and Varela s theory of autopoiesis, a speculative discussion about the role of quantum ... , Howard M. Wiseman , Sergey M. Bezrukov , and Hans Frauenfelder , Plenary debate quantum effects in biology ... P.C.W. Davies , Does quantum mechanics play a non trivial role in life? BioSystems , 78 , pp. ... is probably not a quantum computer, Information Sciences , 128 , pp. 155 179, 2000. Stuart Hameroff S. Hameroff and Roger Penrose R. Penrose , Orchestrated reduction of quantum coherence ... more details
Quantum lithography is a type of photolithography , which exploits non classical properties of the photons, such as quantumentanglement , in order to achieve superior performance over ordinary classical lithography. Quantum lithography is closely related to the fields of quantum imaging , quantum metrology , and http www.darpa.mil sto space qsp.html quantum sensing . The effect exploits the quantum mechanical state of light called the NOON state . Quantum lithography was invented at Jonathan P. Dowling s group at JPL , ref http link.aps.org abstract PRL v85 p2733 A.N.Boto, et al. Phys. Rev. Lett. 85, 2733 2000 ref and has been studied by a number of groups. ref http link.aps.org abstract PRL v86 p4516 G.Bj rk, et al., Phys. M.D Angelo, et al., Rev. Lett. 86, 4516 2001 ref Of particular importance, quantum lithography can beat the classical Rayleigh criterion for the diffraction limit. Classical photolithography has an optical imaging resolution that cannot be smaller than the wavelength of light used. For example, in the use of photolithography to mass produce computer chips, it is desirable to produce smaller and smaller features on the chip, which classically requires moving to smaller and smaller wavelengths ultraviolet and x ray , which entails exponentially greater cost to produce the optical imaging systems at these extremely short optical wavelengths. Quantum lithography exploits the quantumentanglement between specially prepared photons in the NOON state to achieve the smaller resolution without the requirement of shorter wavelengths. For example, a beam of red photons, entangled ten at a time in the NOON state, would have the same resolving power as a beam of x ray photons. The field of quantum lithography is in its infancy, and although experimental proofs of principal ... Introduction to Quantum Lithography http query.nytimes.com gst fullpage.html?res 9C02E2DF133BF933A1575AC0A9679C8B63 ... Quantum information science Category Quantum mechanics Category Lithography microfabrication ... more details
Darwinism Entanglement, branches, and the emergent classicality of redundantly stored quantum information ... Quantum Darwinism Entanglement, Branches, and the Emergent Classicality of Redundantly Stored ...quantumQuantum Darwinism is a theory explaining the emergence of the Classical physics classical world from the Quantum mechanics quantum world as due to a process of Charles Darwin Darwinian natural selection where the many possible quantum states are selected against in favor of a stable pointer state ... . A study in 2010 has provided preliminary supporting evidence of quantum Darwinism with scars of a quantum dot becoming a family of mother daughter states indicating they could stabilize into multiple pointer states. ref name urlNew evidence for quantum Darwinism found in quantum dots cite web url http www.physorg.com news192693808.html title New evidence for quantum Darwinism found in quantum dots format work accessdate 2010 05 12 ref Implications Along with Zurek s related theory of envariance , quantum Darwinism explains how the classical world emerges from the quantum world and proposes to answer the quantum measurement problem , the main interpretational challenge for quantum theory. The measurement problem arises because the quantum state vector, the source of all knowledge concerning quantum systems, evolves according to the Schr dinger equation into a linear superposition ... never experienced in our classical world. Quantum theory has traditionally treated this problem as being resolved by a non unitarity physics unitary transformation of the quantum state state vector at the time ... measurement value. The physical nature of the transition from the quantum superposition of states ... of quantum theory. Quantum Darwinism explains the transition of quantum systems from the vast ... Hubert Zurek Decoherence, einselection, and the quantum origins of the classical http hubcap.clemson.edu ... as a selection process, einselection , imposed on the quantum system through its continuous interactions ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
