Orphan date November 2006 A serverproxy is a type of reverse proxyserver that is used to Tunneling protocol tunnel communications through another Protocol computing protocol . Serverproxy is an experimental idea centered around lack of resources, such as why pay for a server when you can uses your own computer as a server. Why Often a server cannot be reached by normal means and the obstruction the Firewall computing firewall or router cannot be removed. By allowing presence of the Server computing server be known through another service, many more people can run servers. Examples HTTP server HTTP to IRC serverproxy router or firewall IRC server IRC to HTTP client proxy web browser This illustrates how a server can be access even if it is behind a router or firewall. Overload on central server PUSH requests similar to those used in peer to peer application can be used to bypass the central server. External links http www.cs.ucl.ac.uk staff M.Rogers irc tunnel.html http www.cs.ucl.ac.uk staff M.Rogers irc tunnel.html Category Servers ... more details
Schematic Proxy Server.svg thumb 350px Schematic representation of a proxyserver, where the computer in the middle acts as the proxyserver between the other two. In computer network s, a proxyserver ... from a different server. The proxyserver evaluates the request according to its filtering ... is validated by the filter, the proxy provides the resource by connecting to the relevant server and requesting the service on behalf of the client. A proxyserver may optionally alter the client s request ... Wide Web . A proxyserver has a large variety of potential purposes, including To keep machines behind it anonymous mainly for computer security security . ref cite web quote The proxyserver is, above ... used to cache web pages from a web server. ref cite book quote A proxyserver helps speed ... regional restrictions. A proxyserver that passes requests and replies unmodified is usually called a gateway computer networking gateway or sometimes tunneling proxy . A proxyserver can be placed in the user ... thumb right 280px alt A proxyserver connecting an internal network and the Internet. A forward proxy ... thumb right 280px alt Diagram of proxyserver connected to the Internet. An open proxy forwarding requests from and to anywhere on the Internet. Main Open proxy An open proxy is a forward proxyserver ... h2g2bob.svg thumb right 280px alt A proxyserver connecting the Internet to an internal network. A reverse ... proxy A reverse proxy is a proxyserver that appears to clients to be an ordinary server. Requests ... directly from the proxyserver. ref name apache forward reverse Reverse proxies are installed ... of one of the web servers goes through the proxyserver. The use of reverse originates in its counterpart forward proxy since the reverse proxy sits closer to the web server and serves only ... server itself, but by a reverse proxy that is equipped with SSL acceleration hardware. See Secure ... static content like pictures and other static graphical content. Compression the proxyserver can ... more details
Infobox Software name Oracle previously Sun Java System Web ProxyServer 4.0 logo Image Sunproxy.jpg ... language genre proxyserver license website http www.sun.com software products web proxy Sun s Proxy page The Sun Java System Web ProxyServer is a proxyserver software developed by Sun Microsystems . Overview The Sun Java System Web Proxyserver , or SJSWPS now known as the Oracle iPlanet Web ProxyServer , is a popular HTTP 1.1 Proxyserver software developed by Sun Microsystems . SJSWPS 4.0 ... known as Sun ONE Web Proxyserver , the Sun Java System Web ProxyServer 4.0 is a major rewrite of the older 3.x version of Sun s Proxyserver, formerly known as Netscape ProxyServer . Features class ... Sun s Web ProxyServer homepage http www.sun.com software products web proxy faq stub.xml Sun s Web ProxyServer FAQ http www.sun.com download index.jsp?cat Web 20 26 20Proxy 20Servers&tab 3&subcat Proxy 20Servers Sun s Web ProxyServer download page http www.sun.com blueprints 0607 820 2142.pdf Compared Sun Java System Web ProxyServer 4.0 with Squid http docs.sun.com app docs doc 820 5728 Sun Java System Web proxyServer 4.0.8 Release Notes http forums.sun.com forum.jspa?forumID 733 Sun s proxy ... support br GUI based Administration interface for server management, monitoring and migration br GUI based Installer br Distributed Administration br Simple Network Management Protocol SNMP for Server monitoring br LDAP support for centralized authentication management br Netscape Server Application ... Linux Advanced Server 3 Update 4 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 4 Update 2 Red Hat Enterprise Linux Advanced Server 5 Microsoft Windows 2000 Server Service pack 4 Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server Microsoft Windows 2003 Enterprise Edition HP UX 11i 11.11 Upcoming releases Version ... for authenticated connections Support for Windows 2008 server Enable use of LDAP search filters Error rewriting capability for Proxy s http client Support Sun Fire T series Crypto Accelerator The Above ... more details
Wiktionarypar proxyProxy may refer to Proxy abuse or vicarious abuse , abuse committed on behalf of somebody else Proxy bullying or vicarious bullying , bullying committed on behalf of somebody else Proxy card , a substitute card used in trading card games when a player does not own the substituted card and also can occur when proxy cards are not tradable Proxy fight , attempting to influence how company shareholders use their proxy votes Proxy marriage , common amongst European monarchs, where one party is not present in person to their marriage to the other Proxy murder , a murder committed on behalf of somebody else Proxy voting , a vote cast on behalf of an absent person Proxy war , a war where two powers use third parties as a substitute for fighting each other directly Health care proxy , a document used to specify an agent to make medical decisions for a patient in case they are incapacitated Torture Torture by proxy Torture by proxy Technical Terms Proxy statistics , a measured variable used to infer the value of a variable of interest Proxy climate , a measured variable used to infer the value of a variable of interest in climate research Proxy pattern , a software design pattern in computer programming, also known as a proxy class Proxyserver , a computer network service that allows clients to make indirect network connections to other network services Proxy may also refer to Proxy band , British band formed in 2004 Proxy, a mysterious humanoid lifeform in the anime Ergo ProxyPROXY, a holodroid featured in Star Wars The Force Unleashed The Proxy , a song by RJD2 on his 2003 album Deadringer album Deadringer Proxy statement , information published related to a U.S. stockholders meeting See also Munchausen syndrome by proxy Proxi , a proprietary freeware computer application for Mac OS X by Griffin Technology Vicarious disambiguation disambig ar de Proxy ko nl Proxy ru Proxy ... more details
wiktionarypar serverServer may refer to In computing Server computing , a server application, operating system, computer, or appliance Application server , a server dedicated to running certain software applications Catalog server , a central search point for information across a distributed network Communications server , carrier grade computing platform for communications networks Database server , provides database services to other computer programs or computers Fax server , provides fax services for clients File server , provides file services Game server , a server that video game clients connect to in order to play online together Home server , a server for the home ISA server , provides the two basic services of an enterprise firewall and a Web proxy cache server Name server or DNS server Print server , provides printer services Proxyserver , acts as an intermediary for requests from clients seeking resources from other servers Sound server , provides multimedia broadcasting streaming. Standalone server , an emulator for client server web based programs Web server , a server that HTTP clients connect to in order to send commands and receive responses along with data contents In jobs and roles Altar server , an acolyte who assists the clergy during services Waiting staff , those who work at a restaurant or a bar attending customers and supplying them with food and drink as requested tennis player who makes a serve tennis serve People with the given name ServerServer Djeparov , an Uzbekistani professional football player disambig af Bediener ar da Server flertydig fa fr Serveur ja ru th tg tr Sunucu ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Muffin is open source WWW Proxyserverproxy software allowing web content filtering. External links http muffin.doit.org Muffin Proxy web software stub security software stub Category Computer security software ... more details
File Reverse proxy h2g2bob.svg thumb right 280px alt A proxyserver connecting the Internet to an internal network. A reverse proxy taking requests from the Internet and forwarding them to servers in an internal network. Those making requests connect to the proxy and may not be aware of the internal network. In computer network s, a reverse proxy is a type of proxyserver that retrieves resources on behalf of a Client computing client from one or more Server computing server s. These resources are then returned to the client as though it originated from the reverse proxy itself. ref name apache ... While a Proxyserver Forward proxies forward proxy is usually situated between the client application such as a web browser and the server s hosting the desired resources, a reverse proxy is usually situated closer to the server s and will only return a configured set of resources. Uses of reverse ... by the web server itself, but is instead offloaded to a reverse proxy that may be equipped with SSL ... in the neighborhood of web server s, the reverse proxy may have to rewrite the URL in each incoming ... proxy and a caching reverse proxy. Apache HTTP Server may be extended with mod proxy to be used as a reverse proxy a caching reverse proxyserver may be configured using the mod cache module in conjunction ... Inc. LiteSpeed Web Server can be used as a transparent reverse proxyserver running in front ... Server ISA Server , is a commercial proxy, firewall and caching solution by Microsoft. Nginx is a web and reverse proxyserver. Novell Access Manager is a commercial security solution which includes ..., open source reverse proxy. Squid software Squid is a proxyserver that may be installed in a reverse ... Server includes a reverse proxy module with load balancing capabilities. Tivoli Access Manager for eBusiness ... function as both a forward and reverse proxy, as well as content load balancer. See also Proxyserver ... Network performance Category Internet architecture Interwikies cs Reverzn proxyserver et P rdproksi ... more details
Cleanup date October 2009 DISPLAYTITLE mod proxy mod proxy is an optional module for the Apache HTTP Server ref http httpd.apache.org docs 2.2 mod mod proxy.html Homepage of mod proxy for Apache 2.2 ref . This module implements a proxy gateway cache for Apache. It implements Proxyserver proxying capability ... mod mod proxy.html Apache module mod proxy for Apache 2.2. Notes Reflist Category Web server software ... to other proxy modules for these and other protocols. One powerful feature of Apache is flexible virtual ... websites and applications. With mod proxy it is possible to set various web framework based applications ... Apache using mod proxy ref ref http www.djangosnippets.org snippets 213 Single Django App behind ..., mod proxy, and mod proxy html ref . Mod proxy can help to improve LAMP security ref http www.ibm.com developerworks library wa lampsec Improve LAMP security with Apache Proxy s directive mod proxy ref or to strip SSL from HTTP requests ref http www.onlinehowto.net Tutorials Apache Web Server Strip SSL with Apache mod proxy part one 1051 Strip SSL with Apache mod proxy ref . License Portal ... docs 1.3 mod mod proxy.html The mod proxy module was experimental in Apache 1.1.x ref . As of Apache 1.2, mod proxy stability was greatly improved ref http httpd.apache.org docs 1.3 mod mod proxy.html In Apache 1.2 mod proxy stability was greatly improved ref . Since Apache 2.0 proxy features are divided into several modules in addition to mod proxy mod proxy http , mod proxy ftp and mod proxy connect moreover caching is provided by mod cache and related modules ref http httpd.apache.org docs 2.0 mod mod proxy.html In Apache 2.0 proxy features are divided into several modules ref . Since Apache 2.2 mod proxy ajp and mod proxy balancer added too ref http httpd.apache.org docs 2.2 mod mod proxy.html In Apache 2.2 mod proxy ajp and mod proxy balancer added ref . See also Mod ssl ... docs 1.3 mod mod proxy.html Apache module mod proxy for Apache 1.3. http httpd.apache.org ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced December 2006 orphan February 2009 A forking proxy , in the context of a communications system using Session Initiation Protocol SIP , is a server computing server that attempts to find a correspondent by searching several locations. SIP proxy severs that route messages to more than one destination are called forking proxies. Category Servers Compu network stub ... more details
Original research date October 2007 Generally spoken, a proxy list is a list of open proxy open HTTP HTTPS SOCKS proxyserver s all on one website. Proxies allow users to make indirect network connections to other computer network services. Proxy lists include the IP address es of computers hosting open proxy servers, meaning that these proxy servers are available to anyone on the internet. Proxy lists are often divided by the various proxy protocols the proxyserver servers use, most commonly ProxyServer Basics http proxylist.co HTTP Proxies There are 3 types of HTTP proxies Fully anonymous elite proxies. Such proxies do not change request fields and look like real browser. You real IP is also hidden of course. People that administrating internet servers will think that you are not using any proxies. Anonymous proxies also do not show your real IP but change the request fields, so it is very easy to detect that proxy while log analyzing. Nothing really matters, but some server administrators restrict the proxy requests. Transparent proxies not anonymous, simply HTTP change the request fields, also they transfer the real IP. Such proxies are not applicable for security and privacy while surfing on the web. You can use them only for network speed improvement. You can use several proxy servers simultaneously. It is called proxy chaining . Use the following settings in your browser http proxyA portA http proxyB portB . Note you may expect some speed loss in this way. http proxylist.co SOCKS Proxies SOCKS is a protocol that relays TCP sessions at a firewall host to allow application ... the server simply relays the data between the client and the application server, incurring minimum ... nosey snoopers. No information about the client is sent to the server thus there is no need to test ... NoMoreLinks dmoz Computers Internet Proxying and Filtering Hosted Proxy Services Free Proxy Lists dmoz Computers Internet Proxying and Filtering Hosted Proxy Services Free CGI Proxy Free web ... more details
Open proxy h2g2bob.svg thumb right 300px alt Diagram of proxyserver connected to the Internet. An open proxy forwarding requests from and to anywhere on the Internet. An open proxy is a proxyserver that is accessible by any Internet user. Generally, a proxyserver allows users within a network group ... computer is known as a zombie computer . Running an open proxy is a high risk for the server operator providing an anonymous proxyserver can cause real legal troubles to the owner. Citation needed ... privacy proxy registration services study 14sep10 en.pdf ref See also Ban law Open mail relay , a server ... the Bandwidth computing bandwidth used by the group. With an open proxy, however, any user on the Internet is able to use this forwarding service. Advantages An anonymous open proxy allows users ... to abuse an accessed service, a citizen of a repressive regime, for example, may rely on an open proxy ... Hosted Proxy Services Free Proxy Lists List of sites that provide lists of open proxies ref Disadvantages It is possible for a computer to run as an open proxyserver without the computer s owner knowing this. This can result from misconfiguration of proxy software running on the computer, or from .... Also, such a proxy can cause a high bandwidth usage resulting in higher latency to the subnetwork and violation of bandwidth limits. A badly configured open proxy can also allow access to a private ... proxies. ref http www.blitzed.org bopm Blitzed Open Proxy Monitor ref Likewise, a mail transport agent mail server may be configured to automatically test mail senders for open proxies, using software such as CODE proxycheck CODE . ref http www.corpit.ru mjt proxycheck.html proxycheck Open Proxy ... visit Example Great Firewall of China , they often employ trackers who scan IPs tapping into proxy sources, and any that show up in the scan are flagged for a live reviewer to see what the proxy ... agency for investigation. Testing for access from an open proxy Because proxies might be used ... more details
types of proxyserver s, pass SMTP sessions through to other MTAs without using the store and forward approach of a typical MTA. When an SMTP proxy receives a connection, it initiates another ... back to the sending MTA through the proxy. ref citebook title Essential System Administration ... to individual department mail servers. By using a proxy instead of the more common store and forward ... of SMTP proxies is that they work with any already installed mail server . If one decides to switch to a different MTA, they can still use the same SMTP proxy. Certain SMTP proxies implement Transmission ... mail server will not receive more connections than it can handle. Some proxies can implement bandwidth ... is hard to implement in a non SMTP proxy solution, since each throttling connection holds up a usually heavy weight process or thread, whereas a proxy can be implemented as a very efficient asynchronous I O solution which can juggle thousands of connections at once. Another reason to use a proxy ... Synchronization computer science Synchronous each SMTP client connection causes the proxy to establish a single connection with a downstream mail server. See the open source http software.klolik.org smtp gated smtp gated project for an example of a simplex SMTP proxy. Multiplexing the proxy establishes downstream connections only as needed this is done to protect the downstream mail server from excessive connection concurrency. Transparent the proxy is inserted into the network between clients and servers and masquerades itself in such a way that the client and server believe they are talking directly to each other, even though there is a proxy in the middle. The commercial MailChannels Outbound product from MailChannels implements a transparent proxy ref name MailChannels product information ... based routing may be used to route SMTP traffic through a transparent SMTP proxy. See also Anti Spam SMTP Proxy MailChannels TurnTide E mail hub MX based load balancing and simple failover. References ... more details
of a single host or group of hosts on a subnet. Example A network 10.0.0.0 8 has a server which should be protected 10.0.0.20 a proxy arp firewall can be placed in front of the server. In this way the server ...Proxy ARP Address Resolution Protocol is a technique by which a device on a given network answers the Address .... The ARP Proxy is aware of the location of the traffic s destination, and offers its own MAC address ... as an ARP Proxy for another host effectively directs LAN traffic to the Proxy. The captured traffic is then typically routed by the Proxy to the intended destination via another interface or via a Tunneling ... .A http pre.visualland.net view.php?cid 862&protocol ARP&title 6. 20ARP Router 20proxy Proxy ARP ... networks. See ARP cache updates at host, router, remote host. Uses Below are some typical uses for proxy ... 192.168.0.254. The access router uses Proxy ARP to make the dial up node present in the subnet without being wired into the Ethernet the access server publishes its own MAC address for 192.168.0.254 ... for the MAC address of 192.168.0.254 and find the access server s MAC address. It will therefore send its IP packets to the access server, and the access server will know to pass them on to the particular ... e.g., a server with an interface 10.0.0.2 connected to a network 10.0.0.0 24 . Certain applications may require multiple IP addresses on the server. Provided the addresses have to be from the 10.0.0.0 24 range, the way the problem is solved is through Proxy ARP. Additional addresses say, 10.0.0.230 10.0.0.240 are aliasing aliased to the loopback interface of the server or assigned to special interfaces ... Linux VServer vservers other virtual server environments and published on the 10.0.0.2 interface ... of Mobile IP Mobile IP the Home Agent uses Proxy ARP in order to receive messages on behalf of the Mobile ... 1027. Advantages The advantage of Proxy ARP over other networking schemes is simplicity. A network ... of Proxy ARP include scalability ARP resolution is required for every device routed in this manner ... more details
Image proxy pattern diagram.svg thumb 400px Proxy in Unified Modeling Language UML Image Proxy pattern in LePUS3.gif thumb 400px Proxy in Lepus3 LePUS3 http lepus.org.uk ref legend legend.xml legend In computer programming , the proxy pattern is a software design pattern . A proxy, in its most general form, is a class functioning as an interface to something else. The proxy could interface to anything ... or impossible to duplicate. A well known example of the proxy pattern is a reference counting smart pointer pointer object. In situations where multiple copies of a complex object must exist the proxy ... footprint. Typically one instance of the complex object is created, and multiple proxy objects ... performed on the proxies are forwarded to the original object. Once all instances of the proxy are out ... free to add examples here http en.wikibooks.org wiki Computer Science Design Patterns Proxy wikibooks Computer Science Design Patterns ProxyProxy implementations in various languages The following Java programming language Java example illustrates the virtual proxy pattern. The code ProxyImage code ... External links http wiki.java.net bin view Javapedia ProxyPattern Proxy pattern in Java http www.lepus.org.uk ref companion Proxy.xml Proxy pattern in UML and in LePUS3 a formal modelling language http www.javaworld.com javaworld jw 02 2002 jw 0222 designpatterns.html Take control with the Proxy ... Open Source Project , Provides componentized implementation of the Proxy Pattern in Java ... Adapter vs. Proxy vs. Facade Pattern Comparison http sourcemaking.com design patterns proxyProxy Design Pattern Design Patterns Patterns Category Software design patterns Category Articles ... ca Proxy patr de disseny de Stellvertreter Entwurfsmuster es Proxy patr n de dise o fr Proxy patron de conception ko it Proxy pattern lt Proxy objektas ja Proxy pl Pe nomocnik wzorzec projektowy pt Proxy padr es de projeto ru Proxy uk ... more details
A proxy firm is a company hired by corporate shareholders to cast proxy statement votes on their behalf. The top two proxy firms are Glass Lewis Glass, Lewis & Co. and RiskMetrics Institutional Shareholder Services . ref cite web url http www.cfo.com article.cfm 9253594?f related title Proxy Firms Fire Back at Critics author Harris, Roy publisher CFO.com date 2007 05 30 ref By some accounts, RiskMetrics ISS advised half of the common stock in the world as of 2010. ref Hyatt J. 2010 . http business ethics.com 2010 05 17 243 proxy advisors find themselves in the spotlight Proxy Advisors Find Themselves in the Spotlight . Business Ethics . ref Some proxy firms play the role of proxy advisor, in which they simply advise their clients on how to vote. ref cite web url http www.marketwatch.com news story controversy ignites competition among proxy story.aspx?guid BD711286 71DE 4D3B 939F 9C6B9F1BC100 title Controversy ignites competition among proxy firms author Alistair Barr & Jonathan Burton publisher Marketwatch date 2007 06 11 ref A potential conflict of interest identified by the Government Accountability Office is that some owners of proxy firms do business with both issuers and investors. ref cite web url http www.guerdonassociates.com News Detail.asp?cid &navID &NewsID 198 title The influence of proxy advisory firms on executive remuneration date 2007 01 10 publisher Guerdon Associates ref In many cases, proxy firms have attempted to limit executive compensation. ref cite web url http www.bloggingstocks.com 2008 01 15 proxy firm questions tyson chiefs pay title Proxy firm questions Tyson chief s pay author Zac Bissonnette date 2008 01 15 ref References reflist Category Stock market ... more details
A proxy marriage or proxy wedding is a wedding where the bride or Bridegroom groom or both is not physically present, usually being represented instead by another person. One or both double proxy of the partners may be absent. Marriage by proxy is usually resorted to either when a couple wish to marry ... Israel , where only people belonging to the same recognised religious community may marry. Proxy ... be present. A proxy marriage contracted elsewhere may be recognised where proxy marriage within the jurisdiction is not&mdash e.g., Israel recognises proxy marriages abroad between Israelis who may not have ... by proxy. A famous example of this is the marriage of Napoleon I of France to Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma . Catherine of Aragon wed Arthur, Prince of Wales Prince Arthur by proxy. A Marie de Medici cycle The Wedding by Proxy of Marie de Medici to King Henry IV famous 17th century painting by Peter Paul Rubens depicts the proxy marriage of Marie de Medici . ref name tnt cite news publisher Tacoma News Tribune title Marriage by proxy used for ages date 2006 06 01 first Debbie last Cafazzo ... Internet sites now offer to arrange proxy and double proxy marriages for a fee, although the service can generally be set up by any lawyer in a jurisdiction that offers proxy marriage. Video conferencing ... ing the Earth in the International Space Station , by proxy in Texas Texas, USA . ref cite web ... States proxy marriages are provided for in law or by customary practice in California, Colorado, Montana, and Texas, ref http marriagebyproxy.com legality.html Legality of Proxy Marriages. ref although Montana is the only state that permits double proxy weddings. ref Dan Barry reporter Barry, Dan ... Code 40 1 301 Solemnization and registration. ref Proxy marriages are illegal in all US states except ... state that allows double proxy marriage. ref cite news publisher Tacoma News Tribune url http www.detnews.com apps pbcs.dll article?AID 20060601 LIFESTYLE 606010412 1 ARCHIVE title Proxy marriage ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A standing proxy is one that exists until revoked. This is in contrast to a Proxy voting proxy that is designated for a temporary or one time use. A special proxy takes priority over a standing proxy, and the standing proxy is temporarily suspended when the principal or his special proxy are present. As U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission SEC Info notes ref http www.secinfo.com ds498.37r.d.htm SEC Info Global Sources Ltd Bermuda 6 K For 5 1 02 EX 1 Bot generated title ref cquote Any Shareholder may appoint a standing proxy or if a corporation representative by depositing at the Registered Office, or at such place or places, AND IN SUCH MANNER, INCLUDING BY ELECTRONIC MEANS, as the Board may otherwise specify DETERMINE for the purpose, a proxy or if a corporation an authorization and such proxy or authorization shall be valid for all general meetings and adjournments thereof or, resolutions in writing, as the case may be, until notice of revocation is received...Where a standing proxy or authorization exists, its operation shall be deemed to have been suspended at any general meeting or adjournment thereof at which the Shareholder is present or in respect to which the Shareholder has specially appointed a proxy or representative...A person so authorized as a representative of a corporation shall be entitled to exercise the same power on behalf of the grantor of the authority as the grantor could exercise if it were an individual Shareholder of the Company and the grantor shall for the purposes of these Bye Laws be deemed to be present in person at any such meeting if a person so authorized is present at it. References reflist Category Corporate governance ja ... more details
Proxy fight or proxy battle is an event that may occur when a corporation s stockholders develop opposition to some aspect of the corporate governance, often focusing on directorial and management positions. Corporate activists may attempt to persuade shareholders to use their Proxy voting proxy votes i.e. votes by one individual or institution as the authorized representative of another to install new management for any of a variety of reasons. Shareholders of a public corporation may appoint an agent to attend shareholder meetings and vote on their behalf. That agent is the shareholder s proxy. ref Klein, Ramseyer, and Bainbridge. Business Associations Cases and Materials on Agency, Partnerships, and Corporations. 7th Ed. Foundation Press. ref In a proxy fight, Incumbent In business incumbent directors and management have the odds stacked in their favor over those trying to force the corporate change. Many tactics are used by these incumbents to stay in power including staggering the boards ..., and creating restrictive requirements in the bylaws . As a result, most proxy fights are unsuccessful. However, it has been recently noted that proxy fights waged by hedge funds are successful more ... Tactics against hostile takeover takeover defense s of the management, may initiate a proxy fight ... takeover in the view that it will dilute value may also use a proxy fight to stop it. An example of a proxy ... declares proxy.html HP declares proxy win ref In the absence of any looming takeover, proxy fights ... biondi joins carl icahn in time warner proxy fight Frank Biondi Joins Carl Icahn in Time Warner Proxy Fight ref An early history of proxy fighting, detailing such 1950s battles as the fight for control ... links http www.financialpost.com m story.html?id 1499621 Proxy fights heat up as markets tank http proxymatters.com 2008 04 27 capital markets are proxy fight friendly part ii Capital markets are proxy fight friendly Part II http news.cnet.com 8301 10784 3 9944903 7.html Icahn launches Yahoo proxy ... more details
In statistics , a proxy variable is something that is probably not in itself of any great interest, but from which a Variable mathematics variable of interest can be obtained. ref Upton, G., Cook,I. 2002 Oxford Dictionary of Statistics . OUP ISBN 978 0 19 954145 4 ref In order for this to be the case, the proxy variable must have a close correlation , not necessarily linear or positive, with the inferred value. Examples Per capita GDP is often used as a proxy for measures of standard of living or quality of life . Likewise, country of origin or birthplace might be used as a proxy for Race classification of human beings race . See also Instrumental variable Proxy climate References references cite journal last Toutenburg first Helge coauthors G tz Trenkler title Proxy variables and mean square error dominance in linear regression journal Journal of Quantitative Economics volume 8 pages 433 442 date 1992 cite journal last Stahlecker first Peter coauthors G tz Trenkler title Some further results on the use of proxy variables in prediction journal The Review of Economics and Statistics volume 75 pages 707 711 publisher The MIT Press date 1993 doi 10.2307 2110026 url http jstor.org stable 2110026 issue 4 cite journal last Trenkler first G tz coauthors Peter Stahlecker title Dropping variables versus use of proxy variables in linear regression journal Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference volume 50 issue 1 pages 65 75 publisher NORTH HOLLAND date 1996 doi 10.1016 0378 3758 95 00045 3 Category Statistical terminology Category Data analysis statistics stub econometrics stub de Proxy Variable es Proxy estad stica ... more details
Notability Companies date September 2009 POV check date March 2009 Domains by Proxy is an Internet company owned by Go Daddy CEO Bob Parsons . It offers domain privacy services through partner domain registrars such as Go Daddy and Wild West Domains. Subscribers list Domains by Proxy as their administrative and technical contacts in the Internet s WHOIS database, thereby delegating responsibility for managing unsolicited contacts from third parties. Domains by Proxy does not offer true anonymity. In most countries they are legally obliged to collect personal information from domain owners. They also require little persuasion to release domain owners contact information, in some cases requiring only a phone request, certified letter to the domain owner, or a cease and desist letter. ref http news.com.com Private domains not so private 2100 1038 3 5833663.html Private domains not so private? CNET News.com Bot generated title ref ref http log.does not exist.org archives 2003 04 15 299 more on domains by proxy.html More on Domains By Proxy No Such Weblog Bot generated title ref ref cite web author title proxy fight Domains by proxy update& 93 url http wendy.seltzer.org blog archives 000031.html archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20070513072913 http wendy.seltzer.org blog archives 000031.html date April 11, 2003 archivedate 2007 05 13 work publisher accessdate 13 September 2009 ref ref http www.domainsbyproxy.com LegalAgreement.aspx DBP Proxy Agreement ref Footnotes Reflist See also Domain privacy GoDaddy Warren Adelman External links http www.domainsbyproxy.com Domains by Proxy Category Domain name system Category Privacy Category Go Daddy compu domain stub US internet company stub ... more details
A proxy statement is a statement required of a United States firm when soliciting shareholder votes. This statement is filed in advance of the annual meeting. The firm needs to file a proxy statement, otherwise known as a Form DEF 14A Definitive Proxy Statement , with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission . This statement is useful in assessing how management is paid and potential conflict of interest issues with auditors. The statement includes Voting procedure and information. Background information about the company s nominated directors including relevant history in the company or industry, positions on other corporate boards, and potential conflicts in interest. Board compensation. Executive compensation, including salary, bonus, non equity compensation, stock awards, options, and deferred compensation. Also, information is included about perks such as personal use of company aircraft, travel, and tax gross ups. Many companies will also include pre determined payout packages ... and non audit fees paid to the auditor. SEC proxy rules The term proxy statement means the statement ... votes particularly institutional shareholder votes are determined by proxy firm s which advise ... on behalf of their shareholders if the shareholders do not return the proxy statement. This has been controversial, and in 2006 the NYSE Proxy Working Group recommended that the rules be modified ... . http www.nyse.com pdfs REVISED NYSE Report 6 5 06.pdf REPORT AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE PROXY ... on the efficiency of the proxy system. ref SEC. http sec.gov news press 2010 2010 122.htm SEC Votes to Seek Public Comment on U.S. Proxy System . ref References reflist External links http www.secwatch.com def14a Recently filed proxy statements http www.sec.gov about forms sched14a.pdf List of items required in proxy statements in Schedule 14A SEC PDF note the SEC published its final rules governing ... on how to read a proxy statement Category Statements Category Stock market Category SEC filings ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 homicide A proxy murder is a murder in which the murderer does so at the behest of another, acting as his or her proxy. The archetypal example of this would be taking a contract out on someone else, in which a hit man commits the act of murder on a specified target for the client, e.g. in exchange for money this would be a contract killing . Another example is a person who manipulates a lover into murdering for him or her. One reference would be Charles Manson who sent his family and followers to commit murders, which he himself was later sentenced for. The person instigating a proxy murder may or may not be legally guilt y of the crime of murder this legal distinction varies by nation and within the United States, by state . However, all jurisdictions recognize the criminal nature of the actions taken by the instigator, and they may be charged under any of a variety of statutes, including murder, conspiracy to commit murder, and or accessory to murder. Proxy murders may skew crime statistics , as the use of a proxy may conceal the true Motive law motive s of the person. Category Murder crime stub ... more details
otheruses Proxy disambiguation Notability music date December 2008 Unreferenced date December 2008 Infobox musical artist Img Img capt Img size Landscape Name Proxy Background group or band Origin London , England Genre Rock music Rock br Alternative rock br Indie rock Years active 2000 2009 Label Island Records URL http www.myspace.com proxybyproxy MySpace Page Current members Jon Brown br Will Hanson br Mike Grindy br Richard Grindy Proxy are an indie rock band based in United Kingdom . Though Proxy are from London , the four members were all born on three different continents frontman Jon Brown in Hong Kong , Will Hanson in Paris and the Grindy brothers who form the rhythm section in South Africa . Proxy s 2008 debut album Between the Screens and debut single Jet Lag gained BBC and XFM radio airplay. Discography Albums Between The Screens 2008 Singles Jet Lag 2007 Strangers In A Fight 2007 Clowns of Hell 2007 Binary 2006 Line up Jon Brown vocals, guitar Will Hanson guitar, backing vocals Mike Grindy bass guitar, backing vocals Richard Grindy drums External links http www.proxyofficial.com Official Website Category 2000s music groups Category English musical groups ... more details
overcoverage date December 2009 unreferenced date December 2009 Proxy bidding is an implementation of an English auction English second price auction used on eBay , in which the winning bidder pays the price of the second highest bid plus a defined increment. It differs from a Vickrey auction in that bids are not sealed the current highest bid defined as second highest bid plus bid increment is always displayed. In a standard first price English auction the winner pays the amount of their bid, regardless of competitors bids, and it is therefore desirable to place a bid that exceeds the current highest bid by the smallest possible increment. Under proxy bidding , however, the price paid is determined only by competitors bids and not by the amount of the new bid, and so there is no Rational economic man economically rational incentive to place a bid below the amount one is willing to pay, or to place multiple increasing bids. An economically rational bidder will therefore bid the maximum amount they are willing to pay on their first bid, and never raise their bid. External links http pages.ebay.com help buy proxy bidding.html eBay s explanation of proxy bidding Category EBay Category Auctioneering econ stub ... more details
Electoral systems Proxy voting , has two forms delegable voting and delegated voting , and are procedures .... Proxy appointments can be used to form a voting bloc that can exercise greater influence in deliberation s or negotiation s. A person so designated is called a proxy and the person designating him is called a principal. The parliamentary manual Riddick s Rules of Procedure notes that under proxy voting ... 155 156 year 1985 ref Proxy voting is also an important feature in corporate governance through the proxy statement . Legislatures The rules of some assemblies presently forbid proxy voting. For example ... of automatic proxy voting in legislatures. For example, it has been proposed that instead of electing ... meetings of corporations. The New Zealand Parliament allows proxy voting. Sections 155 156 of the Standing ... 2008 02 19 ref The New Zealand Listener notes a controversial occurrence of proxy voting. The Labour ... ref Until the Republican Party United States Republican reforms of 1995 banished the practice, proxy ... to the ranking member of their party in the committee. Republicans opposed proxy voting on the grounds ... in which every member has five or six places to be at any given moment, proxy voting is a necessary ... ref Elections Proxy voting is sometimes described as the frequency with which spouses, union workers ... for proxy voting exists in roughly one voter out of five, and it is about twice as high at the middle ... 18 isbn 9780674654600 year 1986 ref The possibility of expanded use of proxy voting has been the subject ... approval of proxy voting, since passwords could be shared with others Obviously, cost benefit calculations ... and provide inducements to control proxy votes without violating vote buying prohibitions in the law ... Guo isbn 9780765617637 year 2006 publisher M.E. Sharpe ref One of the criticisms of proxy voting ... ballot, in that paperwork may be filed, for instance, designating a party worker as one s proxy ... that proxy voting be combined with Initiatives and referendums in the United States initiative ... more details
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