Other uses File Population density.png thumb 350px Distribution of world population in 1994. A population .... The area that is used to define the population is such that interbreeding inter breeding is possible ... cite book last Hartl first Daniel authorlink title Principles of Population Genetics publisher Sinauer Associates series year 2007 doi isbn 978 0 87893 308 2 page 45 ref In sociology , population refers ... study of human populations. This article refers mainly to human population. Population genetics In population genetics a population is a set of organisms in which any pair of members can Breeding ... each other. ref cite book last Hartl first Daniel authorlink title Principles of Population Genetics ... population Main World population As of Date , the world population is estimated by the United States ... States Census Bureau , the world population hit 6.5 billion 6,500,000,000 on 24 February 2006. The United Nations Population Fund designated 12 October 1999 as the approximate day on which world population reached 6 billion. This was about 12 years after world population reached 5 billion in 1987, and 6 years after world population reached 5.5 billion in 1993. The population of some countries ... igapo 2005 world city populations Nigeria.html title Cities in Nigeria 2005 Population ... World population growth time between each billion person growth.jpg 350px thumb Time taken for each billion people to be added to the world s population including future estimates . See also http commons.wikimedia.org wiki File World population growth time between each billion person growth MKII.jpg alt. chart Main population growth Population growth increased significantly as the Industrial Revolution gathered pace from 1700 onwards. ref name historic population graphs As graphically illustrated by File Poulation since 10000BC.jpg population since 10,000BC and File Poulation since 1000AD.jpg population since 1000AD ref The last 50 years have seen a yet more rapid increase in the Population ... more details
Population structure may refer to many aspects of population ecology Population stratification Population pyramid Age class structure F statistics Population density Population distribution Population dynamics and population growth Population genetics Population size disambig ... more details
Wiktionary Population may refer to Population human populations List of countries by populationPopulation biology , the biological study of animal populations Statistical population Metallicity , star populations Population album , an album by The Most Serene Republic Population control See also People disambiguation disambig an Poblaci n de Population es Poblaci n desambiguaci n eu Populazio argipena hr Populacija lv Popul cija nl Populatie pl Populacja ro Popula ie dezambiguizare sk Popul cia sv Population olika betydelser ... more details
main article effective population size In population genetics an idealised population , also sometimes called a Fisher Wright population after Ronald Fisher R.A. Fisher and Sewall Wright , is a population whose members can Sexual intercourse mate and reproduce with any other member of the other gender, has a sex ratio of 1 and no overlapping generations. As such, each individual has the same chance to contribute its own genetic material to the next generation no selection . Deviation from the idealised population results in the effective population size being smaller than the total population size. evolution stub statistics stub Category Population genetics Category Statistical genetics ... more details
The term population reduction may be used in relation to many topics, including the following population decline or depopulation reductions in human population levels for reasons such as low birth rate, emmigration, disease or war. population control deliberate attempts to control human population levels typically seeking an initial reduction as opposed to an increase , sometimes related to the Optimum Population concept. culling deliberate reductions in animal or plant population levels, by human action population reduction the phase preceeding the extinction of a species the Population reduction theory a theory involving genocide disambig ... more details
Population genomics is the large scale comparison of DNA sequences of populations. Population genomics is a neologism that is associated with population genetics . See also Genomics Personal genomics Population groups in biomedicine References http hmg.oxfordjournals.org cgi content full 10 20 2199 Population genomics a bridge from evolutionary history to genetic medicine http arjournals.annualreviews.org doi abs 10.1146 annurev.ento.46.1.441 POPULATION GENOMICS Genome Wide Sampling of Insect Populations Category Genomics genetics stub ko ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In population genetics and population ecology , population size usually denoted N is the number of individual organism s in a population . The effective population size N sub e sub is defined as the number of breeding individuals in an idealized population that would show the same amount of dispersion of allele frequencies under random genetic drift or the same amount of inbreeding as the population under consideration. N sub e sub is usually less than N the absolute population size and this has important applications in conservation genetics . Small population size results in increased genetic drift . Population bottleneck s are when population size reduces for a short period of time. Overpopulation may indicate any case in which the population of any species of animal may exceed the carrying capacity of its ecological niche . See also Holocene extinction event Population growth rate Overpopulation Carrying capacity Ecology stub modelling ecosystems expanded other DEFAULTSORT Population Size Category Ecological metrics Category Population genetics cs Po et obyvatel de Einwohnerzahl is Stofnst r sk Po et obyvate ov fi Populaatiokoko ... more details
Population count may refer to A census , the process of obtaining information about every member of a population not necessarily a human population Hamming weight , the number of non zero entries 1 bits in a in a byte, string, word, array or other similar data structure disambig ... more details
unreferenced date November 2010 notability date November 2010 Population Connection is an organization in the United States, formerly known as Zero Population Growth . They adopted their current name in 2002. Zero Population Growth was originally founded in 1968 by Paul R. Ehrlich , Richard Bowers , and Charles Remington , in the wake of the impact from Ehrlich s best selling book, The Population Bomb . Population Connection started educating young people nearly forty years ago with their Population Education program. They also advocate for action to stabilize the world population through voluntary measures, primarily through increased access to reproductive health services and supplies. Their mission statement is as follows blockquote Overpopulation threatens the quality of life for people everywhere. Population Connection is the national grassroots population organization that educates young people and advocates progressive action to stabilize world population at a level that can be sustained by Earth s resources. blockquote Population Connection has 30,000 members who provide the majority of the organization s revenue. The organization s headquarters is in Washington, D.C. Population Connection works on issues concerning overpopulation , the environment, poverty, and reproductive rights , and publishes a tri annual magazine, The Reporter . Population Connection supporters live nationwide. The organization has six chapters, located in California and Florida. Currently, the organization ... needs urging to vote in favor of measures that reduce population growth. The three districts are in the suburbs of Seattle, WA Columbus, OH and Minneapolis, MN. Double the Money is Population ... States appropriated 545 million for FY2009. Population Connection lobbies to end federal funding for abstinence only sex education programs in the United States. See also Overpopulation Population ... in the United States Category Sustainability organisations Category Population organizations US org ... more details
Image Population curve.svg thumb 360px Estimated size of human population from 10,000 Common Era BCE 2000 CE. Population growth is the change in a population over time, and can be quantified as the change in the number of individuals of any species in a population using per unit time for measurement. In biology , the term population growth is likely to refer to any known organism , but this article deals mostly with the application of the term to human populations in demography . In demography, population growth is used informally for the more specific term population growth rate see below , and is often used to refer specifically to the growth of the human World populationpopulation of the world . Simple models of population growth include the Malthusian Growth Model and the logistic map logistic model . Determinants of Population growth Population growth is determined by four factors, births ... In other words, the population growth of a period can be calculated in two parts, natural growth of population B D and mechanical growth of population I E ,in which Mechanical growth of population is mainly ... economies are growing slowly even with negative growth. Population growth rate In demographics and ecology , population growth rate PGR is the Fraction mathematics fraction al rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases. Specifically, PGR ordinarily refers to the change in population over a unit time period, often expressed as a percentage of the number of individuals in the population ... rate frac mathrm population at end of period mathrm population at beginning of period mathrm population ... B P D P I P E P , where P is the total population, B is the number of births, D is the number of deaths ... of the source of population growth, whether due to natural increase or an increase in the net immigration rate. Natural increase is an increase in the native born population, stemming ... way to express population growth is as a ratio , not as a rate . The change in population over a unit ... more details
The Population Clock is the United States Census Bureau s continuously active approximations of both the population of the United States and the world s total population. The population totals are based on the latest census information and national population estimates, which are used in the algorithms that run the two clocks. Calculation The calculation used to estimate the approximate timely population is one birth per time T sub W sub br one death per time T sub X sub br one international immigrant per time T sub Y sub br overall increase one person per time T sub Z sub . Example One birth every 1 minute and 56 seconds br One death every 3 minutes and 59 seconds br One international migrant ... Australian Bureau of Statistics population clock website http www.stats.govt.nz populationclock.htm Statistics New Zealand population clock website http www.statcan.gc.ca ig gi pop ca eng.htm Statistics Canada population clock website http www.cbs.nl en GB menu themas bevolking cijfers extra bevolkingsteller.htm?languageswitch on Statistics Nederlands population clock website http www.stat.si eng preb ura.asp Slovenia Statistics Office population clock website http www.vaestorekisterikeskus.fi vrk home.nsf pages index eng Finland Population Centre population clock website http www.ssb.no english subjects 02 befolkning en Statistics Norway population clock website http www.census.gov main www popclock.html US Population Clock website http www.census.gov.pk Official Pakistani Population Clock http www.bbs.gov.bd Home.aspx Bangladeshi Bureau of statistics population clock http www.msrintranet.capmas.gov.eg pls fdl tst12e?action 1&lname 201 Egyptian Statistics CAPMAS and population clock http www.dane.gov.co reloj reloj animado.php Official Columbian Population Clock http www.cbssyr.org index EN.htm Central Bureau of Statistics Syria Population clock Category Demographics of the United States Category United States Census Bureau US gov stub fr Population Clock tr N fus Saati ... more details
Infobox Journal title Population & Environment cover image Population and Environment Cover.jpg center The cover of the Population and Environment discipline Social sciences website http www.springerlink.com content 105738 publisher Springer Netherlands country Netherlands abbreviation Popul Environ ISSN 1573 7810 history 1978 to present Population & Environment is a scientific journal that publishes scientific articles and reviews related to the bi directional links between population, natural resources, and the natural environment. See also List of scientific journals External links http www.springerlink.com content 105738 Springerlink publication site sci journal stub Category Environmental science journals ... more details
unreferenced date October 2006 Population momentum refers to population growth at the national level which would occur even if levels of childbearing immediately declined to replacement level. ref Preston, Heuveline, and Guillot 2001 Demography Measuring and Modeling Population Processes ref For countries with above replacement fertility greater than 2.1 children per woman , population momentum represents natural increase to the population. For below replacement countries, momentum corresponds to a population decline. Momentum occurs because older cohorts differ in absolute size from those cohorts currently bearing children, which impacts the immediate birth and death rates in the population which determine the intrinsic rate of growth. Formal demographers refer to population momentum as the size of the resulting stationary equivalent population relative to the current size of the population. Population momentum has implications for population policy for a number of reasons. First with respect to high fertility countries in the developing world , population momentum instructs us that these countries will continue to grow despite large and rapid declines in fertility. Second with respect to lowest low fertility countries in Europe, momentum implies that these countries may experience population decline even if they bring their fertility levels up to replacement. Finally, population momentum shows us that replacement level fertility is a long term concept rather than an indication of current population growth rates. Depending on the extant age structure, a fertility rate of 2 children per woman may correspond to either short term growth or decline. Countries with a Population momentum The following list are countries that maintain growth despite a fertility rate of under 2.1. However, some of these countries also maintain growth due to immigration. Australia New Zealand ... Population stabilization References references Category Population Category Demography ... more details
Population biology is a study of populations of organisms, especially the regulation of population size, life history traits such as clutch size, and extinction. The term population biology is often used interchangeably with population ecology , although population biology is more frequently used when studying diseases , viruses , and microbes , and population ecology is used more frequently when studying plant s and animal s. Although Reverend Malthus s book, An Essay on the Principle of Population , dealt only with the economy of human population fluctuations, which he theorized as being related to finite food resources, abundance and decadence, it gave inspiration to Charles Darwin for the theoretical basis of his seminal work, The Origin of Species . cquote In October 1838, that is, fifteen months after I had begun my systematic inquiry, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population , and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on from long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that under these circumstances favourable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed. The results of this would be the formation of a new species. Here, then I had at last got a theory by which to work but I was so anxious to avoid prejudice, that I determined not for some time to write even the briefest sketch of it. In June 1842 I first allowed myself the satisfaction of writing a very brief abstract of my theory in pencil in 35 pages and this was enlarged during the summer of 1844 into one of 230 pages, which I had fairly copied out and still possess. Charles Darwin ... Population dynamics Population modeling Lotka Volterra equation External links http www3.imperial.ac.uk cpb NERC Centre for Population Biology http www.cpb.ucdavis.edu UC Davis Center for Population Biology Category Demography Category Ecology Category Population ecology stub bs Stanovni tvo biologija ... more details
Image Population density.png thumb 300px Map of world population density as of 1994. Unreferenced date October 2009 Population geography is a division of human geography . It is the study of the ways in which spatial variations in the distribution, composition, migration, and growth of populations are related to the nature of places. Population geography involves demography in a geographical perspective. It focuses on the characteristics of population distributions that change in a spatial context. Examples can be shown through population density maps. A few types of maps that show the spatial layout of population are choropleth , isoline , and dot maps. Population geography studies Demographic phenomena natality, mortality, growth rates, etc through both space and time Increase or decrease in population numbers The movements and mobility of populations Occupational Structure Grouping of people in settlements The way from the geographical character of places e.g. settlement patterns The way in which places in turn react to population phenomena e.g. immigration All of the above are looked at over space and time. Notes Reflist N.B. The boundary between population geography and demography is becoming more and more blurred. Human geography DEFAULTSORT Population Geography Category Demography Category Human geography Category Population Geo term stub ar de Bev lkerungsgeografie et Rahvastikugeograafia es Geograf a de la poblaci n hr Populacijska geografija ka nl Bevolkingsgeografie ja pt Geografia populacional sr sh Populacijska geografija fi V est maantiede uk zh ... more details
Original research date September 2007 Refimprove date August 2009 The optimum population is the size of a population that is optimal. There are, however, various opinions on what optimal means in this usage, resulting in various end targets for it, ref cite doi 10.1007 BF02211719 ref but estimations usually take ecological sustainability and carrying capacity more or less into account. Also, optimum population can refer to a specific area, such as a region or country, but can also refer to the entire world or universe . For humans Regarding the human population , end targets for an optimum population ... Population P. S. Dasgupta The Review of Economic Studies Vol. 36, No. 3 Jul., 1969 , pp. 295 ... disagree with the concept of optimum population. Some believe that the human population will always, in the long term be able to adapt to the requirements of a larger population. ref name nyt19980212 ... predictions, even if it could theoretically exist. To reach an optimum population, a country ... among other factors. Reaching optimum population is an important objective in the wider project ... the optimum human population, and different emphasis on different end targets cause variability among estimates. The optimal world population has been estimated by a team co authored by Paul ... dieoff.org page99.htm Optimum Human Population Size . Population and Environment A Journal of Interdisciplinary ... Preservation of biodiversity Based on this, the estimation of optimum population was to be roughly around 1.5 billion to 2 billion people. ref name Ehrlichetal1994 The UK based think tank Population Matters , formerly known as the Optimum Population Trust , has calculated the optimum population of nearly 150 countries. ref http www.optimumpopulation.org opt.sustainable.numbers.html Optimum Population ... rate Organisations Sustainable Population Australia References references Population Category Population Category Demography es ptimo de poblaci n ... more details
Image Countries by population density.svg 350px thumb Population density people per km sup 2 sup by country, 2006 Image Population density with key.png thumb right 350px Population density people per km sup 2 sup map of the world in 1994. Population density in agriculture standing stock and standing crop is a measurement of population per unit area or unit volume. It is frequently applied to living ... od populationgeography a popdensity.htm About.com ref Biological population densities Population density is population divided by total land area. ref name about Low densities may cause an extinction ... who identified it. Examples of the causes in low population densities include ref http www.eoearth.org article Minimum viable population size Minimum viable population size ref Increased problems ... K selection theory R selected species commonly have high population densities, while K selection K ... population density This section is linked from List of countries by population density Image Crowd ... populated country in the world Monaco is currently the most. main List of countries by population density For humans , population density is the number of people per unit of area usually per square kilometer ... , or the Earth entire world . The world s population is 6.8 billion, ref http www.census.gov main ... ref Therefore the worldwide human population density is 6.8 billion 510 million 13.3 per km 34.5 ..., then human population density increases to 45.3 per km 117.2 per sq. mile . This calculation ..., then population density rises to 50 people per km 129.28 per sq. mile . ref name about Considering ... and high mountains, and that population tends to cluster around seaports and fresh water sources, this number by itself does not give any meaningful measurement of human population density ... population publications wpp2008 wpp2008 text tables.pdf title World Population Prospects, Table A.1 ... Affairs Population Division year 2009 accessdate 2009 03 12 ref ref The Monaco government uses a smaller ... more details
unreferenced date October 2009 Population statistics is the use of statistics to analyze characteristics or changes to a population. It is related to Social Demography social demography and demography . Population statistics can analyze anything from global demographic changes to local small scale changes. For example, an analysis of global change shows that population growth has slowed, infant mortality rates have declined and there have been small increases in the aged. Collection National population ... adjusted to produce census estimates that identify such statistics as resident population , residents ... count. Between censuses, administrative data collected by various agencies about population ... s. Population estimates and projections Population estimates are usually derived from census and other administrative data. Population estimates are normally produced after the date the estimate is for. Some estimates, such as the Usually resident population estimate who usually lives in a locality ... with estimating population on a particular date that is different to the census date, for example .... Population projections are produced in advance of the date they are for. They use time series analysis of existing census data and other sources of population information to forecast the size of future populations. Because there are unknown factors that may affect future population changes, population projections often incorporate high and low as well as expected values for future populations. Population ... were conducted in antiquity, there are few population statistics that survive. One example though ... to determine not only what was being counted but how and why it was done. Metadata Modern population ... their country s census results and other population statistics on their agency s website. Notes ... estimate Population projection External links http www.geohive.com Comprehensive global statistics Category Demography Category Population ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 In neuroscience , a population vector is the sum of the preferred directions of a population of neuron s, weighted by the respective spike counts. The formula for computing the normalized population vector, math F math , takes the following form math F frac sum j m j F j sum j m j math Where math m j math is the activity of cell math j math , and math F j math is the preferred input for cell math j math . Note that the vector math F math encodes the input direction, math F j math , in terms of the activation of a population of neurons. biology stub Category Neuroscience ... more details
Population reconstitution is a method used by Historical demography historical demographers . Using records such as church registry church registries the size and composition of families living in a given region in a given past time is determined. This allows the identification and analysis of patterns of family formation, fertility, mortality, and migration, and of consequent trends such as population growth. See also One place study References Paul Andr Rosental, http www.cairn.info article.php?ID REVUE POPE&ID NUMPUBLIE POPE 301&ID ARTICLE POPE 301 0097 The Novelty of an Old Genre Louis Henry and the Founding of Historical Demography , Population English edition , Volume 58 2003 1 Category Demography stat stub socio stub fr Registre de population informatis ... more details
In the various fields of healthcare, a population study is a study of a group of individuals taken from the general population who share a common characteristic, such as age, sex , or health condition. This group may be studied for different reasons, such as their response to a drug or risk of getting a disease. External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 561718 Population study entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict health stub Category Clinical research ... more details
Population ethics is the philosophy philosophical study of the ethics ethical problems concerning population . See also Average and total utilitarianism Mere addition paradox Overpopulation External links http www.repugnant conclusion.com index.html Population Ethics, Aggregate Welfare, and the Repugnant Conclusion http plato.stanford.edu entries repugnant conclusion The Repugnant Conclusion in the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy philosophy stub Category Demography Category Ethics ... more details
Population projection , in the field of demography , is an estimate of a future population. In contrast with intercensal estimates and censuses, which usually involve some sort of field data gathering, projections usually involve mathematical models based only on pre existing data. A projection may be made by a governmental organization, or by those unaffiliated with a government. See also Census Unreferenced date November 2010 DEFAULTSORT Population Projection Category Demography statistics stub ... more details
No footnotes date April 2009 Population dynamics is the branch of life sciences that studies short and long term changes in the size and age composition of population s, and the biology biological and environment biophysical environmental processes influencing those changes. Population dynamics deals ... , and studies topics such as ageing population s or population decline . The mathematical model often viewed as the best to govern the population dynamics of any given species is called the exponential model. ref http www.sosmath.com diffeq first application population population.html ref With the exponential model, the rate of change of any given population is proportional to the already existing population. ref http www.sosmath.com diffeq first application population population.html ref History Population dynamics has traditionally been the dominant branch of mathematical biology ... has greatly expanded. The first principle of population dynamics is widely regarded as the exponential ... simulation simulate some of these population dynamics. In the past 30 years, population dynamics ... these dynamics, evolutionary biology concepts may take a deterministic mathematical form. Population ... be applied to health policy decisions. Fisheries and wildlife management seealso Population dynamics of fisheries Matrix population models In fisheries and wildlife management , population is affected ... in nets Population growth rate , which measures the growth of individuals in size and length. More important in fisheries, where population is often measured in biomass. Mortality rate Mortality , which ... time 0 and time 1. If we measure these rates over many time intervals, we can determine how a population ... that can be harvested from a population without affecting long term stability, or average population ... died naturally. These terms are not the universal good and evil of population management, for example, in deer, the DNR are trying to reduce deer population size overall to an extent, since hunters ... more details
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