who are soon to be transported to Botany Bay , 1792 Transportation or penaltransportation is the deportation deporting ref In the United States , penaltransportation is legally distinguishable from deportation. Strictly speaking, transportation, extradition, and deportation, although each has ..., at 709 1893 . ref of convict ed criminal s to a penal colony . Examples include transportation by France ...for other uses Transportation disambiguation Image Black eyed Sue and Sweet Poll of Plymouth taking leave .... Transportation is by way of punishment of one convicted of an offence against the laws of the country ... between 1788 and 1868. Origin Transportation punished both major and petty crimes in Great Britain ... or a specific period. The penal system required the convicts to work, on government Infrastructure ... from the society. Exile was an essential component and thought a major deterrent. Transportation was also ... have been the sentence to many if transportation had not been introduced. In British colonial ... warns that damage to the bridge can be punished by transportation. North America was used for transportation ... at the expense of the convicts or the shipowners. The first Piracy Act 1717 Transportation Act in 1718 allowed courts to sentence convicts to seven years transportation to America. In 1720 .... Under the Transportation Act, returning from transportation was a Capital punishment capital offence ... transportation publisher Old Bailey Proceedings Online accessdate 2008 04 20 ref ref cite court ... as slave s to the Southern states. ref Bound for America. The Transportation of British Convicts ... departed from England, to establish the first British settlement in Australia, as a penal colony. They arrived ..., Tasmania Van Diemen s Land Tasmania was also settled as a penal colony, followed by the Queensland ... Western Australia accepted transportation from England and Ireland in 1851, to resolve a long standing ... and their descendants. Transportation from Britain Ireland officially ended in 1868 although it had ... more details
Infobox Settlement official name Penal other name native name Pe eraal nickname settlement type Town For Town or Village Leave blank for the default City motto image skyline 1200px imagesize image caption Top 1st Middle 2nd Middle Bottom flag size image seal seal size image shield shield size 100px city logo citylogo size image map mapsize map caption image map1 mapsize1 map caption1 image dot map dot mapsize dot map caption dot x dot y pushpin map the name of a location map as per http en.wikipedia.org wiki Template Location map pushpin label position the position of the pushpin label left, right, top, bottom, none pushpin map caption pushpin mapsize subdivision type Corporation subdivision name Penal Debe Regional Corporation subdivision type1 Country subdivision name1 Trinidad and Tobago subdivision type2 subdivision name2 subdivision type3 subdivision name3 subdivision type4 subdivision name4 government footnotes government type leader title leader name leader title1 leader name1 leader ... blank1 name blank1 info website footnotes dablink For other uses, see Penal colony , penal system , Penale or penal disambiguation . Peneral originally Pe eraal of a Spanish origin is a town in south ... , and north of Siparia . Originally a rice and Cocoa bean cocoa producing area, Penal has grown .... The population is 12,281 people. ref http www.citypopulation.de Trinidad.html ref . Penal is largely ... Indian and Person of Indian Origin Indians . The heart of Penal contains many businesses while the outskirts focus on agricultural development. Commercially, Penal has a police station, branches of two .... Penal plays a major role in the energy supply to the nation s populace. Petrotrin , the national ... running through Penal that links the gas fields of the South East Coast and the industrial estates ... Village to the west of Penal. Penal is administered by the Penal Debe Regional Corporation . References ... places in Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad geo stub nl Penal pl Penal ... more details
above during that period, Australia received thousands of penaltransportation transported convict .... Dar es Salaam , Tanganyika c.1890 1927. thumb Penal labour is a form of unfree labour . Forms of sentence which involve penal labour include penal servitude and imprisonment with hard labour . The term ... convicts. Large scale implementations of penal labour include labour camps , prison farm s, and penal ... Empire in the 19th century, hard labour became a standard feature of penal servitude as penaltransportation was phased out. Although it was prescribed for severe crimes e.g. rape, attempted murder ... a terminally ill trouser salesman convicted of blasphemy . The British penal colony penal colonies in Australia ... or Ireland . further Penal Servitude Act s The Penal Servitude Act 1853 16 & 17 Vict. c.99 substituted penal servitude for transportation, except in cases where a person could be sentenced to transportation for life or for a term not less than fourteen years. Section 2 of the Penal Servitude Act 1857 20 & 21 Vict. c.3 ref http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga Vict 20 21 3 section 2 Section 2 of the Penal Servitude Act 1857 ref abolished the sentence of transportation in all cases and provided that in all cases a person who would otherwise have been liable to transportation would be liable to penal servitude instead. Sentences of penal servitude were served in convict prisons and were controlled ... None ref Section 1 of the Penal Servitude Act 1891 ref http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga Vict 54 55 69 section 1 Section 1 of the Penal Servitude Act 1891 ref makes provision for enactments which authorise a sentence of penal servitude but do not specify a maximum duration. It must now be read subject to section 1 1 of the Criminal Justice Act 1948. England and Wales Penal servitude was abolished ... conferring power on a court to pass a sentence of penal servitude in any case must be construed as conferring power to pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding the maximum term of penal ... more details
Penal may refer to Penal colony Penal system , prisons Penal military unit Penal town , Trinidad and Tobago See also Penale , surname Penile , to do with the penis disambig Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Contract law Penal damages are best seen as quantitatively excessive liquidated damages and are invalid under the common law . While liquidated damages are a priori calculations of expectation loss under the contract, penal damages go further and seek to penalise a party in some way for Breach of contract breach of a clause above and beyond the loss suffered by the innocent party as a result of this breach. Many clauses which are found to be penal are expressed as liquidated damages clauses but are seen by courts as excessive and thus invalid. The judicial approach to penal damages is conceptually important as it is one of the few examples of judicial paternalism in contract law. Even if two parties genuinely and without coercion wish to consent to a contract which includes a penal clause, they are unable to. So, for example, a person wishing to give up smoking cannot contract with a third party to be fined 100 each time they smoke as this figure does not represent the expectation loss of the contract. As distinguished from other types of damages Penal damages are to be distinguished from punitive damages , which are awarded in certain types of tort actions for actions which caused harm to the plaintiff. Penal damages are also different from treble damages , which are generally set by statute for certain violations of competition law and related laws. DEFAULTSORT Penal Damages Category Contract law Law stub ... more details
A penal notice is a warning endorsed on a court order, notifying the recipient that he or she is liable to committal to prison for breach of the order. References http www.divorce glossary.co.uk penal notice.html Divorce glossary entry law stub Category Criminal law wiktionary ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date November 2006 In money lending, penal interest is punitive interest charged by a lender to a borrower if installments are not paid according to the loan terms. DEFAULTSORT Penal Interest Category Interest Econ stub da Morarente no Forsinkelsesrente fi Viiv styskorko sv Dr jsm lsr nta i Sverige ... more details
of a prisoner in the Australian penal colony of Botany Bay A penal colony is a Human settlement ... of prisoners overseen by wardens or governors having absolute authority. Historically penal Colony colonies have often been used for penal labour in an economically underdeveloped part of a state s usually colonial territories, and on a far larger scale than a prison farm . In practice such penal ... as penal colonies to varying degrees, sometimes under the guise of indentured servitude or similar ... from hunger, disease, medical neglect, excessive labour, or during an escape attempt. In the penal ... expired. Penal colonies were often located in inhospitable frontier lands, where their unpaid ... North America as a penal colony through a system of indentured servitude . Convicts would be transported ... War American Revolution , Britain began using parts of what is now known as Australia as penal settlements ... made various penal colonies. Two of the most infamous ones are on the Andaman islands and Hijli . In the early ... line. The scale of Russian penal settlement helped Kazakhs become an ethnic minority within their own ... Aires government, as the new governor of the islands, to set up a penal colony. He arrived ... city Ushuaia was founded as a penal colony. France sent criminals to tropical penal colonies ... Island San Crist bal in the Galapagos archipelago was used as a penal colony 1869 1904. Both Imperial Russia and the Soviet Union used Siberia as a penal colony for criminals and dissidents . Though ... . In 1857, a penal colony was established on the island of Sakhalin . The Gulag and its tsarist predecessor, the katorga system, provided slave type penal labor to develop forestry , logging and mining ... Siberia . The Netherlands had a penal colony since the late 19th century. A town called Veenhuizen ... Mar as Federal Prison penal colony . With a small population less than 1200 , the colony is governed ... are uninhabited. Tarrafal camp Tarrafal was a Portugal Portuguese penal colony in the Cape Verde Islands ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Penal harm , an intentionally harsher form of the deprivation of liberty , is the belief that during custodial sentence s mainly in prison or reformatory , inmates should endure additional pain and suffering, not just having their basic rights taken away, to make the punishment deliberately harder. While this improves the desirable deterrent effect of detention, and fits the idea of retribution, its perception as cruelty rather than justice may endanger both internal security and prospects for Rehabilitation penology rehabilitation and goes against the humane ideal of most human rights advocates, possibly qualifying legally as inhumane punishment, an infringement on human rights under the United Nations UN rules. Although internal punishments , imposed by prison authorities, are not strictly penal harm as such, since they are not independent from the convict s behavior, arbitrary application and choice of cruel modes, including corporal punishment in South East Asia n countries this can include the dreaded Rotan caning , perfectly fit the rationale. Traditional forms include hard labor rationed, unappetizing or even unhealthy food various discomforts such as poor hygiene, small and overcrowded cells, hard bunks, insufficient protection against cold long isolation, even in a dark hole sleep deprivation humiliating procedures such as strip search es denial of visits, correspondence and recreation. In recent years, penal harm has taken among other things the form of poor health care for inmates this includes the denial of medicine for patients diagnosed with HIV AIDS . It must be pointed out that many of the physical forms can also arise accidentally, as a result of understaffing, insufficient budget, or even legal considerations such as delays deemed necessary for appeal procedures . DEFAULTSORT Penal Harm Category Penal imprisonment ... more details
For the Chilean film The Penal Colony film Infobox short story See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name In the Penal Colony title orig In der Strafkolonie translator Eugene Jolas 1941 br author Franz Kafka country Germany language German language German series genre Short story published in publication type publisher Kurt Wolff Kurt Wolff Verlag media type book hardcover pub date October 1919 english pub date 1941 preceded by followed by In the Penal Colony lang de In der Strafkolonie also translated as In the Penal Settlement is a short story by Franz Kafka written in German language German in October 1914, revised in Novemebr 1918, and first published in October 1919. The story is set in an unnamed penal colony . Internal clues and the setting on an island suggest Octave Mirbeau s The Torture Garden novel The Torture Garden as an influence. ref cite book last Corngold first Stanley authorlink coauthors title Kafka s Selected Stories publisher Norton date 2007 location New York page 44 n.8 url doi id isbn 9780393924794 ref As in some of Kafka s other writings ... expect to be registered with horror. In the Penal Colony describes the last use of an elaborate ... of the story in relation to the United Kingdom British penal colony Port Arthur, Tasmania , see cite journal last Frow first John authorlink coauthors title In The Penal Colony journal Journal of Australian ... based upon the story. In 2000 , composer Philip Glass wrote a chamber opera , In the Penal Colony ..., In the Penal Colony , based on the Kafka short story. Directed by Kyle Lewis, Scenic Design by Jeannie ... Willa and Edwin Muir , in The Penal Colony Stories and Short Pieces The Penal Colony , New York Schocken ... Megaphone of Destiny. Ian Curtis of the band Joy Division was inspired by In the Penal Colony to write ... title In the Penal Colony 2006 http www.shmoop.com penal colony In the Penal Colony study guide, themes ... penale ja pt A Col nia Penal tr Ceza S m rgesi ... more details
About penal law as understood in the English law system a more general article criminal law Refimprove date July 2010 In the most general sense, penal is the body of laws that are enforced by the State in its own name and impose penalties for their violation, as opposed to Civil law common law civil law that seeks to redress private wrongs. This usage is synonymous with criminal law and is covered in that article. In some jurisdictions, such as Canada , penal law is distinct from criminal law even if it encompasses this last field. This is a result of federalism only the federal Parliament has the legislative power to enact criminal law statutes, yet provinces can also attach penal dispositions to their non criminal statutes so they will be respected. More specifically, the Penal laws were a set of laws which punished nonconformism in the United Kingdom and Ireland . English statutes on religious nonconformity In England English history, penal law refers to a specific series of laws that sought to uphold the establishment of religion establishment of the Church of England against Protestantism Protestant nonconformism nonconformists and Roman Catholic Church Roman Catholics , by imposing various forfeitures, civil penalties, and civil disabilities upon these dissenters. Some examples of these laws are the law of praemunire , 14th century Corporation Act 1661 Act of Uniformity 1662 Conventicle Act 1664 Five Mile Act 1665 the series of Test Act s Education Act 1695 Disarming Act 1695 Marriage Act 1697 Banishment Act 1697 Registration Act 1704 Popery Act 1704 and 1709 Occasional Conformity Act 1711 Disenfranchising Act 1728 Clarendon Code While some of the Penal Laws were much older, they took their most drastic shape during the reign of Charles II of England Charles II . Four ... . In Irish history Main Penal Laws Ireland The Penal Laws were introduced into Ireland in the year ... history interactive timelines BBC History Penal Laws in Ireland Category Law in the United ... more details
Atonement in Christianity Penal substitution sometimes, esp. in older writings, called forensic theory ... of Penal Substitution Tyndale Biblical Theology Lecture, 1973 ... Luther, Calvin, Zwingli, Melanchthon and their reforming contemporaries were the pioneers in stating it i.e. the penal substitutionary ... a few hints of a Penal theory can be found. ref ref name Oxenham H. N. Oxenham, http books.google.co.uk ... of penal substitution argue that the concept is both Bible biblically based and rooted in the historical ... present difficulties in terms of modern punishment penal theory , and that it presents God ..., those teaching an interpretation of the Cross consistent with penal substitution reject such a characterization ... penal and exemplary substitution at the same time. Penal substitution derives from the idea that divine ... turn on the doctrine of the Trinity and for many but not all expressions of the concept of penal ... of penal substitution by those to whom God s grace has not yet been given. Those who believe that Jesus ... is necessarily linked to this as the vindication of Christ and those who belong to him. If, in the penal ... the whole scheme of penal substitution, because if the punishment for sin is eternity in hell by what ..., by advocates of universal reconciliation, that if penal substitution is biblical than the resurrection ... that the penal substitution theory was not taught in the Early Church. ref name packer ref name smith ... to see precursors to penal substitution in the writings of some of the Early Church fathers. There is general agreement that no writer in the Early Church taught penal substitution as their primary theory of atonement. Yet some writers appear to reference some of the ideas of penal substitution as an afterthought ... century AD, is a Substitutionary atonement substitutionary theory of atonement, just as penal substitution ... of atonement ransom view by Early Church writers from real penal substitutionary ideas. Patristics scholar J.N.D. Kelly is one of the scholars most willing to see precursors to penal substitution in the Early ... more details
About the penal reformer the Scottish judge Alexander Maconochie, Lord Meadowbank Alexander Maconochie 11 February 1787&ndash 25 October 1860 was a Scotland Scottish naval officer, geographer, and penal reformer . Early life Maconochie was born in Edinburgh on 11 February 1787. He joined the Royal Navy in 1803 and as a midshipman he saw active service in the Napoleonic Wars and was a prisoner of war from 1811 to 1814. He later saw service in the War of 1812 British American War against the United States . He was a founder, and first secretary of, the Royal Geographical Society in 1830, and in 1833 became the first professor of geography at the University of London , and was a knight of the Royal Guelphic Order . Penal reformer In 1836 he sailed to the convict settlement at Hobart in Van Diemen ... decline of transportation to Australia when it was given to John Russell, 1st Earl Russell Lord Russell , the Home Secretary and ardent critic of transportation, claims Robert Hughes. Although this report was used by the Sir William Molesworth, 8th Baronet Molesworth Committee on transportation ... committee s report, transportation to New South Wales was abolished in 1840, although it continued ... to put this new system in place. In March 1840 he took up duties as commandant of the penal settlement at Norfolk Island and applied his penal principles. Convicts were awarded marks to encourage ... at Morden in Surrey , still campaigning for penal reform in spite of ill health. He was buried at St ... John Barry states that Maconochie was a pioneer in penal reform, and suffered the fate of men in advance ... penal systems. The Alexander Maconochie Centre , a prison in Canberra was named after him. References ... book last Gr nhut first Max authorlink Max Gr nhut title Penal Reform a Comparative Study location ... of the penal settlement at Norfolk Island , Melbourne, Hyland, 1984. ISBN 0 908090 64 1 Robert Studley ..., S. C., Sir George Gipps and Captain Alexander Maconochie The Attempted Penal Reforms at Norfolk Island ... more details
The Iraqi Penal Code is the statutory law of Iraq . The http law.case.edu saddamtrial documents Iraqi Penal Code 1969.pdf 1969 Penal Code serves as the basis for current Iraq law. The original Arabic language version of the law can be accessed through the Iraqi Legal Database . Category Iraqi law Penal Code Category Criminal codes iraq stub ... more details
Infobox TT Regional Corporation name Penal Debe image map PDRegCorp.PNG name Penal Debe area 246.91 time zone UTC 4 utc offset 4 population estimate year 2000 population estimate 83,609 population density 340 leader type Chairman governing body Penal Debe Regional Corporation leader name Alderman Dr. Alllen Sammy Penal Debe Regional Corporation is a Regional Corporations and Municipalities of Trinidad and Tobago Regional Corporation of Trinidad and Tobago . It has a land area of 246.91 km . Urban areas within Penal Debe Regional Corporation include Penal , where the corporation is headquartered, and Debe . Areas Debe East Barrackpore West Debe West La Fortune Hermitage Palmiste Penal Quinam Morne Diablo Rochard Barrackpore East Union Hall Bronte References http www.pdrctt.com ?url www.search.co.tt Official Website for the Penal Debe Regional Corporation. http library2.nalis.gov.tt Default.aspx?tabid 104 Local Government Corporations , from Nalis, the National Library and Information Service of Trinidad and Tobago. Local Government in Trinidad and Tobago coord missing Trinidad and Tobago Category Government of Trinidad and Tobago Category Regional corporations and municipalities of Trinidad and Tobago Trinidad geo stub fr R gion de Penal Debe nl Penal Debe ... more details
Penal Servitude Act is a stock short title which was used in the United Kingdom for legislation relating to penal servitude . The abolition of penal servitude has rendered this short title obsolete in that country. List The Penal Servitude Act 1853 16 & 17 Vict. c.99 The Penal Servitude Act 1857 20 & 21 Vict. c.3 short title 1896 http www.statutelaw.gov.uk content.aspx?ActiveTextDocId 1041210 SLD http www.opsi.gov.uk RevisedStatutes Acts ukpga 1857 cukpga 18570003 en 1 OPSI The Penal Servitude Act 1864 27 & 28 Vict. c.47 The Penal Servitude Act 1891 54 & 55 Vict. c.69 short title 1896 http www.statutelaw.gov.uk content.aspx?ActiveTextDocId 1062565 SLD http www.opsi.gov.uk RevisedStatutes Acts ukpga 1891 cukpga 18910069 en 1 OPSI The Penal Servitude Acts 1853 to 1891 is the collective title of the Penal Servitude Act 1853, the Penal Servitude Act 1857, the Penal Servitude Act 1864 and the Penal Servitude Act 1891. ref The Short Titles Act 1896 , section 2 1 and the second schedule this collective title was formerly authorised by http www.legislation.gov.uk ukpga Vict 54 55 69 section 11 enacted section 11 of the Penal Servitude Act 1891 ref See also List of short titles References reflist UK legislation statute stub Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1853 Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1857 Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1864 Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1891 Category Penal labor ... more details
The following is a list of Australian Penal colony penal colonies . New South Wales Cockatoo Island, New South Wales Cockatoo Island Rose Hill, New South Wales Rose Hill Sydney Cove Queensland Moreton Bay Redcliffe, Queensland Redcliffe Tasmania Van Diemen s Land Maria Island Port Arthur, Tasmania Port Arthur Richmond, Tasmania Richmond Risdon Cove Sarah Island , part of the Macquarie Harbour Penal Station Saltwater River, Tasmania Saltwater River Sullivans Cove Sullivan s Cove Western Australia Swan River Colony see also History of Western Australia Other Norfolk Island See also List of Australian prisons and detention centres Expand list date August 2008 Category Australian history related lists Penal colonies, List of Australian Category Australian penal colonies List of Australian penal colonies Category Defunct prisons in Australia List of Australian penal colonies Category Lists of buildings and structures in Australia Penal colonies, List of Australian sl Seznam avstralskih kazenskih kolonij ... more details
The current Penal Code of Brazil was promulgated in 1940, during the History of Brazil 281930 E2 80 931945 29 The Estado Novo Estado Novo regime. The Brazilian Penal Code includes libel as a crime. Category Criminal codes Brazil Category Brazilian law law stub Brazil stub ... more details
orphan date October 2009 File Irish penal rosary.svg right framed Irish Penal Rosary The Irish Penal Rosary was a single decade rosary used in Ireland during penal times when religious objects were forbidden. ref http www.abbeyshrule.com abbeyshrule 20penal 20times.htm Carrickedmond and Abbeyshrule Parish in the Penal Times ref ref name book http books.google.com books?id tjI9YQBFDGYC&pg PA267&lpg PA267&dq 22penal rosary 22 ireland&source web&ots 5n76YfyHVO&sig 9sy1P3 VcoC1ksdUCETJ0E60 m8 Encyclopedia of Catholic Devotions and Practices at Google Book Search ref This version of the rosary is easily hidden, allowing devout Roman Catholics to pray with less fear of being detected. Description File Rosario Irland s.jpg right framed Irish Penal Rosary of modern manufacture The crucifix has various symbols of the Passion ref name book a hammer for the nails of the cross, a halo for the Crown of Thorns , a jug symbolizing the Last Supper , cords for binding which recall the scourging at the Pillar, the spear used at Calvary , a cock and pot which illustrates an early apocryphal legend relating to Judas Iscariot Judas , the betrayer, and a roasting cock which suddenly came to life and crowed, thus prophesying the Resurrection, three nails used for the crucifix . Small marks along the side of the corpus indicate a ladder, both used in the crucifixion and by which we ascend to heaven. Usage The Penal Rosary is used by concealing the crucifix inside one s sleeve or palm while the ring is placed over the thumb while the first decade of the rosary is spoken, then placed over the next finger as the next decade is spoken and so on. See also Penal Laws Ireland Basque ring rosary , another rosary with 10 beads Kombol i , Worry Beads. Prayer Beads . References reflist DEFAULTSORT Irish Penal Rosary Category Rosary Category History of Catholicism in Ireland Penal rosary Category Mnemonics es Rosario irland s fr chapelet irlandais ru ... more details
The French Penal Code of 1791 was a penal code adopted under the French Revolution between 25 September and 6 October 1791. It was France s first penal code. The principle of legality was foremost in the underlying philosophy of the 1791 Code. In the spirit of the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen , Cesare, Marquis of Beccaria summarized the principles that were to be the foundation of the procedural system. In his words, every citizen should know what punishment he should endure. As a consequence, the function of the judge was conceived as being strictly distributive qualification of an act, infliction of the pre set sanction. This concept was revolutionary in 1791 and clearly parted from the Ancien R gime in France Ancien R gime arbitrary procedures. The code of 1791 in this aspect was simple most definitions were clear, leaving little power to the interpretation of the judge. This principle was reincorporated in the Napoleonic French Penal Code of 1810 Penal Code of 1810 , which replaced the revolutionary 1791 Code. ref cite journal first Sophie M. last Clavier title Perspectives on French Criminal Law publisher San Francisco State University date July 1997 url http userwww.sfsu.edu sclavier research frenchpenalsystem.doc format DOC computing DOC accessdate 2008 05 07 ref References Reflist External links cite web title Full text of the Penal Code of 1791 language French url http ledroitcriminel.free.fr la legislation criminelle anciens textes code 20penal 25 09 1791.htm accessdate 2008 04 15 s start s bef before br Ancien R gime in France Justice Ancien R gime s ttl title Penal Code of France years 1791 1810 s aft after French Penal Code of 1810 Penal Code of 1810 end Use dmy dates date November 2010 DEFAULTSORT French Penal Code Of 1791 Category French history stubs Category French criminal law Category Legal history of France Category 1791 events of the French Revolution Category Criminal codes Category 1791 in law Criminal law stub fr Code ... more details
Infobox Film name The Penal Colony image image size caption director Ra l Ruiz producer Dar o Pulgar writer Ra l Ruiz br Franz Kafka narrator starring Luis Alarc n music cinematography H ctor R os editing Carlos Piaggio distributor released 1970 runtime 75 minutes country Film Chile language Spanish budget preceded by followed by The Penal Colony lang es La colonia penal is a 1970 in film 1970 cinema of Chile Chilean drama film directed by Ra l Ruiz . ref name lecinemaderaoulruiz.com cite web url http www.lecinemaderaoulruiz.com raoul ruiz cineaste la colonia penal title Le Cin ma de Raoul Ruiz La colonia penal accessdate 2009 10 25 work lecinemaderaoulruiz.com ref ref name NY Times.com cite web url http movies.nytimes.com movie 141964 La Colonia Penal overview title NY Times La colonia penal accessdate 2009 10 25 work NY Times.com ref Cast Luis Alarc n President M nica Echeverr a Journalist An bal Reyna Minister Nelson Villagra References reflist External links imdb title id 0065563 title The Penal Colony CinemaofChile DEFAULTSORT Penal Colony, The Category 1970 films Category Chilean films Category Spanish language films Category 1970s drama films Category Films directed by Ra l Ruiz Category Black and white films Chile film stub sv The Penal Colony ... more details
The Revised Penal Code contains the Philippine Criminal Law general penal laws of the Philippines . First enacted in 1930, it remains in effect today, despite several amendments thereto. It does not comprise a comprehensive compendium of all Philippine penal laws. The Revised Penal Code itself was enacted as List of Philippine laws Republic Act No. 3815, and some Philippine criminal laws have been enacted outside of the Revised Penal Code as separate Republic Acts. Historical background The Revised Penal Code supplanted the Spanish Penal Code, which was in force in the Philippines from 1886 to 1930. The new Code was drafted by a committee created in 1927, and headed by Judge Anacleto Diaz , who would later serve on the Supreme Court of the Philippines Supreme Court . Rather than engage in a wholesale codification of all penal laws in the Philippines, the committee instead revised the old Penal Code and included all other penal laws only insofar as they related to the Penal Code. Features The Revised Penal Code criminalizes a whole class of acts that are generally accepted as criminal, such as the taking of a life whether through murder or homicide , rape , robbery and theft , and treason ... excluded from the Revised Penal Code are those concerning illegal drug trade illegal drug use or trafficking ... Law Library Ref One distinct aspect of the Revised Penal Code centers on its classification of aggravation ... the Revised Penal Code are generally divided into three periods the minimum period, the medium period ... Penal Code publisher The Corpus Juris date 1930 12 08 url http www.thecorpusjuris.com laws statutes acts 39 acts1930 2171 act no 3815 the revised penal code.html accessdate 2008 06 27 ref Several provisions of the Revised Penal Code have also been amended through Republic Acts of the Philippines ... penalty in 2006 , the highest penalty currently impossible under the Revised Penal Code ... Penal Code, although it is imposed by other penal statutes such as the Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs ... more details
The Danish Penal Code ref name pet http www.pet.dk English Operational tasks Legal basis Penal code.aspx Danish Security and Intelligence Service Danish Penal Code Special Chapters ref also known as The Danish Criminal Code lang da Straffeloven is the codification of the central legal text and makes up the foundation of criminal law in Denmark . History The Penal Code is law number 126 of April 15, 1930 with later amendments. It came automatically into effect on January 1, 1933 replacing a wide range of previous laws, including the general penalty law of February 10, 1866. Law number 127 of April 15, 1930 describes all previous laws invalidated. It has since be changed or amended to, a large number of times, especially in the last 15 years, with between 5 and 10 changes each year. The Penal Code is based on considerations done in 1912, 1917 and 1923. Bet nkning afgiven af Kommissionen nedsat til at foretage et Gennemsyn af den almindelige borgerlige Straffelovgivning 1912 . Bet nkning angaaende de af den ... nedsatte Straffelovkommission udarbejdede Forslag ... , udarbejdet af Carl Torp 1917 . Bet nkning afgiven af Straffelovskommissionen af 9. November 1917 1923 . References references Category Danish law Category Criminal codes da Straffeloven no Straffeloven Danmark ... more details
Penal Reform International commonly known as PRI was founded in London in 1989, and has members in five continents and in over 80 countries. PRI is an international non governmental organisation working on penal and criminal justice reform worldwide. The organization s reform work is based on the development and implementation of international human rights instruments in relation to law enforcement and prison conditions the elimination of unfair and unethical discrimination in all penal measures the abolition of the death penalty the reduction of the use of imprisonment throughout the world the use of constructive non custodial sanctions which support the social reintegration of offenders whilst taking into account the interests of victims. PRI works with other NGOs and with governments in regional programmes in sub Saharan Africa, the Middle East, Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia, South Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean. While the organization shares best practices and expertise across regions, PRI works to develop and promote culturally specific solutions to criminal justice and penal reform. Baroness Stern was Secretary General of PRI from 1989 until 2006. Rani Dhavan Shankardass was Vice Chairperson and subsequently Chairperson of PRI. The organisation is based in Brixton , south London . External links http www.penalreform.org Penal Reform International organisation website. Category International nongovernmental organizations Category International charities Category Charities based in London UK charity stub ... more details
Penal battalion s , penal company military unit companies , etc., are military formations consisting of convict convicted persons for which military service in such units was either the assigned punishment or an alternative to imprisonment or the death penalty . Nazi Germany See Afrika Brigade 999 AKA Bew hrungseinheiten 999, Strafbataillon 999, Bew hrungstruppe 999, Division 999 . See Dirlewanger Brigade AKA SS Sturmbrigade Dirlewanger . See Strafbattalion Wehrmacht Heer unit See Strafkompanie , which is not a military unit but a penal work division in the concentration camps. Soviet Union See shtrafbat NKVD prisoner battalions in World War II France On 6 July 1948 France created the Bataillon d Infanterie L g re d Outre Mer of volunteers serving prison sentences who would serve in the First Indochina War . ref p.496 Forbes, Robert For Europe The French Volunteers of the Waffen SS 2006 Helion & Company Ltd ref References in culture The story, The Warlord by Soviet writer Vladimir Karpov recounts Karpov s military career from a penal company serviceman to a Guards Colonel awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union . Nikolai Dostal s critically acclaimed 11 part television serial, Penal Battalion Shtrafbat , IMDB title 0425715 Shtrafbat , was released in 2004. The Dirty Dozen , a 1967 United States American film about a fictional U.S. penal military unit directed by Robert Aldrich , from the novel by E.M. Nathanson . The novels by Sven Hassel about the fictional 27th Penal Panzer Regiment. Between Heaven and Hell film features a paroled military prisoner sent to a company ... Horseman trilogy, Alexander Belov, is sentenced to serve in a Red Army penal battalion. Notes Reflist ... Life and My Country , Regnery Publishing, Inc. 1997 ISBN 9780895264220 Manazeev, Igor, A Penal Corps ... commander of a penal company ru icon http www.vor.ru 55 Stalingrad History 4 eng.html Article on Penal Units from Voice of Russia DEFAULTSORT Penal Military Unit Category Military of the Soviet Union ... more details
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