Unreferenced date August 2010 Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians Name Fatal Microbes Img Img capt Img size Background group or band Alias Origin England Genre punk rock Years active 1970s Label XNTRIX Records Associated acts Flux of Pink Indians , Omega Tribe , Rubella Ballet URL Current members Fatal Microbes were a United Kingdom UK punk rock punk group that existed in the late 1970s. Honey Bane Donna Tracey Boylan was the lead singer. Other band members were Gem Stone Gemma Sansom on drums, Pete Fender Dan Sansom on guitar, and Scotty Boy Barker Scott Barker who was briefly replaced as bassist by It Quentin North . In 1979, Small Wonder and XNTRIX Records co released a split 12 Extended play EP entitled Violence Grows , which also featured the at that time Epping based Poison Girls whose singer, Vi Subversa , was also mother to Gem Stone and Pete Fender . Due to the popularity of Fatal Microbes, Small Wonder Records released a 7 single featuring Violence Grows , which was hailed as a classic by John Peel . Citation needed date February 2007 Honey Bane later had a career as a solo artist, a film and stage actress, and a model. Pete Fender subsequently went on to form Rubella Ballet with Gem Stone bass and Sid Ation drums who was later also in Flux of Pink Indians . Fender later released a 7 EP, Four Formulas , under his own name on XNTRIX records. Fender and It had originally met when they formed the band Punktuation in 1977. With an average age of just 13 years, it would make them probably the youngest punk band in the country at the time. Citation needed date August 2010 Later, Fender was also a member of Omega Tribe . Category English punk rock groups Category Anarcho punk groups UK rock band stub ... more details
Pathogenic fungi are fungi that cause disease in humans or other organism s. The study of pathogenic fungi is referred to as medical mycology. Although fungi are eukaryotic organisms many pathogenic fungi are also microorganism s. ref name SanBlasCalderone cite book author San Blas G Calderone RA editors . title Pathogenic Fungi Insights in Molecular Biology publisher Caister Academic Press year 2008 url http www.horizonpress.com pat2 id http www.horizonpress.com pat2 ISBN 978 1 904455 32 5 ref Candida Image Candida pap 1.jpg thumb right Candida. Pap test specimen. Pap stain . Candida genus Candida species are important human pathogens that are best known for causing opportunist infections in immunocompromised hosts e.g. transplant patients, AIDS sufferers, cancer patients . Infections are difficult to treat and can be very serious 30 40 of systemic infections result in death. The sequencing of the genome of C. albicans and those of several other medically relevant Candida species has provided a major impetus for Candida comparative and functional genomic analyses. These studies are aiding the development of sensitive diagnostic strategies and novel antifungal therapies. ref name dEnfert cite book author dEnfert C Hube B editors . title Candida Comparative and Functional Genomics publisher Caister Academic Press year 2007 url http www.horizonpress.com can id http www.horizonpress.com can ISBN 978 1 904455 13 4 ref Aspergillus Image Pulmonary aspergillosis.jpg thumb right Aspergillosis. H&E stain . Aerosolized Aspergillus spores are found nearly everywhere so we are routinely and almost constantly exposed to them. Such exposure is a normal part of the human condition and generally ... Academic Press isbn 978 1 904455 53 0 ref The most common pathogenic species are Aspergillus fumigatus ... used to study the expression profiling of pathogenic fungi and proteomics is aiding research ... Multi drug Resistance in Pathogenic Fungi title Pathogenic Fungi Insights in Molecular Biology ... more details
Infobox name International Census of Marine Microbes title International Census of Marine Microbes image headerstyle background ccf labelstyle background ddf header4 More Information label4 All three defined label data4 All three defined data header5 label5 Name data5 ICoMM label6 Established data6 2004 label7 Headquarters data7 The Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole label8 Website data8 http icomm.mbl.edu Click here belowstyle background ddf The International Census of Marine Microbes is a field project of the Census of Marine Life that inventories microbial diversity by cataloging all known diversity of single cell organisms including bacteria , Archaea , Protista , and associated viruses , exploring and discovering unknown microbial diversity, and placing that knowledge into ecological and evolutionary contexts. ref http coml.org projects international census marine microbes icomm ICoMM Program Description ref The ICoMM program has discovered that marine microbial diversity is some 10 to 100 times more than expected, and the vast majority are previously unknown, low abundance organisms thought to play an important role in the oceans. ref http news.mongabay.com 2006 0801 coml.html Monga Bay Article ref ref http www.pnas.org content 103 32 12115.full.pdf html ICoMM Paper in PNAS ref External links http icomm.mbl.edu.org ICoMM Website References Reflist Category Marine biology biology stub ... more details
Lines on the Antiquity of Microbes , also known simply as Fleas , is a couplet commonly cited as the shortest poem ever written. Variously attributed to Shel Silverstein , Ogden Nash , or simply an unknown or Anonymity anonymous author, it was most likely written by American poet Strickland Gillilan in the early 20th century. ref cite book title Yale Book of Quotations url http books.google.com books?id w5 GR qtgXsC&pg PA310&lpg PA310&dq 22strickland gillilan 22 microbes&source web&ots 1WTP9Wwm6S&sig 8 hGqbxq3Q9j7tC5WuI9eIFgm1I author Shapiro, Fred R. publisher Yale University Press year 2006 page 310 isbn 9780300107982 ref The poem DIV style float center border 1px solid gray padding 10px margin 0 0 1em 1em text align left background lightyellow BR DIV ALIGN CENTER Lines on the Antiquity of Microbes DIV BR Adam br Had em. BR keeps booklike bottom margin DIV References references Category 20th century poems poetry stub ... more details
The International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference IPNC occurs every two years and is a forum for the presentation of cutting edge research on all aspects of the genus Neisseria . This includes immunology, vaccinology and physiology and metabolism of Neisseria meningitidis , Neisseria gonorrhoeae and the commensal species. The first IPNC took place in 1978. The location of the conference switched between North America and Europe until 2006 when the venue was located in Cairns, Australia . The 17th International Pathogenic Neisseria Conference IPNC 2010 will be held in Banff, Alberta , Canada from the 11 16 September 2010. External links http www.ipnc2010.com ipnc ?q node&page 1 IPNC 2010 med org stub Category Conferences ... more details
Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance Type studio Artist Tourniquet band Tourniquet Cover Tourniquet Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance.jpg Released 1992 Recorded Genre Christian metal , thrash metal Length 57 36 Label Intense Records Metal Blade Producer Bill Metoyer Reviews Last album Psycho Surgery br 1991 This album Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance br 1992 Next album Intense Live Series, Vol. 2 br 1993 Misc Extra album cover Upper caption 2001 Cover Type studio Cover Pathogenic ocular dissonance RERELEASE.jpg Lower caption Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance was the third album by the Christian metal band Tourniquet band Tourniquet , released in 1992. It is the last album to feature vocalist Guy Ritter who left the band after the recording of the album. The album was also independently rereleased in 2001 with digital remastering, bonus tracks and new cover art with Dissonance misspelled as Dissonence on the tray liner edges . Readers of HM Magazine voted Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance as Favourite Album of the 1990s . Intense Records released the album to Christian ... August issue pages url doi ref Recording history Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance was recorded at different ... I felt like it was a tool to reach people. By the time we finished Pathogenic I felt like we were ... from Tourniquet s Intense Live Series, Vol. 2 Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance was re released and re ... Impending Embolism 2 05 Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance 4 26 Phantom Limb 5 41 Ruminating Virulence ... 13. Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance LIVE 2000 5 27 14. Bearing Gruesome Cargo drum solo LIVE 2000 ... discography index.php?id 3 Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance 1992 at Tourniquet.net http www.tourniquet.net discography index.php?id 13 Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance 2001 at Tourniquet.net Tourniquet Category Tourniquet albums Category 1992 albums it Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance pt Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance fi Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance ... more details
The pathogenic theory of schizophrenia , also called the germ theory of schizophrenia , is a pathogenic theory of disease in which it is thought that a proximal cause of certain cases of schizophrenia is the interaction of the developing fetus with pathogen s such as virus es, or with antibodies from the mother created in response to these pathogens in particular, Interleukin 8 . ref Brown AS, Hooton J, Schaefer CA, Zhang H, Petkova E, Babulas V, Perrin M, Gorman JM, Susser ES. 2004 Elevated maternal interleukin 8 levels and risk of schizophrenia in adult offspring. Am J Psychiatry. 161 5 889 95. DOI 10.1176 appi.ajp.161.5.889 PMID 15121655 http ajp.psychiatryonline.org cgi content full 161 5 889 SEC3 free full text Am. Psych. Assn. Abstract OBJECTIVE Many studies have implicated prenatal infection in the etiology of schizophrenia. Cytokines, a family of soluble polypeptides, are critically important in the immune response to infection and in other inflammatory processes. The goal of this study was to determine whether second trimester levels of four cytokines interleukin 8 IL 8 , interleukin 1 IL 1 , interleukin 6 IL 6 , and tumor necrosis factor TNF are higher in the mothers of offspring who later developed schizophrenia spectrum disorders than in matched comparison subjects. METHOD The authors conducted a nested case control study of maternal serum cytokine levels in a large birth cohort, born 1959 1967. Cases N 59 were subjects diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders mostly schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder who had available second trimester maternal serum samples. Comparison subjects N 105 were members of the birth cohort, had not been diagnosed with a schizophrenia spectrum disorder or major affective disorder, and were matched to subjects with schizophrenia for date of birth, gender, length of time in the cohort, and availability of maternal sera ... implications for the prevention of schizophrenia, the elaboration of pathogenic mechanisms in this disorder ... more details
Summary NOTE This audio version only contains section 1 3, excluding section 4 on Clinical characteristics for now. To learn how to finish the article recording yourself, go to Wikipedia WikiProject Spoken Wikipedia . Feedback is appreciated go to File talk Pathogenic bacteria part .ogg talk page Spoken article entry title Pathogenic bacteria time 19 minutes and 14 seconds user name Mikael H ggstr m date 2010 07 25 link to recorded version http en.wikipedia.org w index.php?title Pathogenic bacteria&oldid 375396797 accent Scandinavian Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL migration redundant ... more details
Fair use in Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance Though this image is subject to copyright, I feel its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because It is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover. It does not limit the copyright owner s rights to sell the CD album in any way. Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD. The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist, Tourniquet band . Non free album cover ... more details
Fair use in Pathogenic Ocular Dissonance Though this image is subject to copyright, I feel its use is covered by the U.S. fair use laws because It is a low resolution copy of a CD album cover. It does not limit the copyright owner s rights to sell the CD album in any way. Copies could not be used to make illegal copies of the album artwork on another CD. The image on the cover is significant because it was made by a famous artist, Tourniquet band . Licensing Non free album cover ... more details
The National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria NCPPB is a UK Government owned, non profit making biology biological culture collection which specialises in acquiring, authenticating, preserving, and distributing plant pathogenic reference bacteria, and DNA for research in the life science s. It is housed at the Food and Environment Research Agency which was formerly known as The Central Science Laboratory CSL which was an executive agency of the UK government department the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs DEFRA until it became Fera on 1st April 2009. The National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria culture collection is internationally recognised, and specialises in Bacteria which affect temperate and tropical crops, plants and plant produce Plant pathogen s . The NCPPB lies within the United Kingdom National Culture Collection UKNCC http www.ukncc.co.uk European Culture Collections Organisation ECCO http www.eccosite.org and World Federation of Culture Collections WFCC http www.wfcc.info . Purpose The Collection exists primarily to preserve and maintain, for use by research and educational establishments and by industry, cultures of the world s bacterial plant pathogens and the bacteria closely associated with them. Bacteriophages useful for the determination of bacterial pathogens, and for the diagnosis of the bacterial diseases they cause and which are potential biocontrol organisms are also maintained. The culture collection comprises some 3500 strains and includes all type strains and pathotype strains.It houses almost all bacterial plant pathogens and is one of the largest and most frequently used collections in the world for the deposition of reference and type strains of plant pathogenic bacteria. It is a requirement of being a member ... Pathogenic Bacteria 22 DEFRA References External links http www.ncppb.com National Collection of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria http www.defra.gov.uk fera The Food and Environment Research Agency http ... more details
Automatic taxobox image Albugo candida.jpg image caption Albugo candida on Capsella bursa pastoris display children 1 The Peronosporales are an order biology order of water mould s Class Oomycetes which can be pathogenic . ref Name Singh cite book title Text Book Of Botany Diversity Of Microbes And Cryptogams last Singh first authorlink coauthors year 2010 publisher Rastogi Publications isbn 8171338895 page 264 url http books.google.com books?id v3UCVxNYVwkC&pg PA264&dq Peronosporales&hl en&ei HkqTTYUH5MbRAa6RjM0H&sa X&oi book result&ct result&resnum 2&ved 0CC0Q6AEwAQ v onepage&q Peronosporales&f false ref Many diseases of plants are sometimes classified under this order, but are sometimes considered members of order Pythiales . Some of these pathogenic protists include the organisms responsible for Phytophthora infestans potato blight , Phytophthora cinnamomi eucalyptus dieback , sudden oak death , and blue mold . Further genetic studies may place these organisms more definitively in one order or another. fact date March 2011 References reflist Category Water moulds Watermould stub es Peronosporales it Peronosporales ka pt Peronosporales sr Peronosporales ... more details
9891781 doi 10.1146 annurev.cellbio.14.1.137 ref . Intracellular microbes, such as the bacteria ... microbes non phagocyte s . This causes the formation of projections that eventually engulf the bacteria ... eukaryotic processes that microbes influence and that are researched using microbes are signal ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Image USDA ARS ERRC.jpg right thumb 200px Microbiologists examining cultures on a Petri dish . A microbiologist is a scientist who works in the field of microbiology . Microbiologists study organisms called microbes. Microbes can take the form of bacteria , viruses , fungi , and protists . One of the microbiologists main research aim is to find out how microbes affect the world around them. Fields in microbiology Specialists in the broad field of microbiology include Bacteriologists , who work in the field of bacteriology and study bacteria . Environmental microbiologists work in the field of environmental microbiology and study microbial processes in the environment. Food microbiologists , who work in the food industry and study Food microbiology pathogenic microorganisms that cause foodborne illness and spoilage. Industrial microbiologists who generally work in biotechnology and study microorganisms that produce useful products. Medical microbiologists , medical practitioners physicians who have chosen to specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of microbial diseases in patients. Mycologist s , work in the field of mycology and study fungi . Protozoologists , who work in the field of protozoology and study protist s. Virologists , who work in the field of virology and study virus es. Microbial Epidemiology epidemiologists , who study the role of microorganism s in health and illness . Immunologists , who study how the body defends itself against viruses, bacteria, and etc. History Antonie van Leeuwenhoek of the Netherlands is commonly known as the Father of Microbiology , and considered to be the first microbiologist. See also Environmental microbiology Food microbiology Oral microbiology Virology Category Microbiologists Category Science occupations Category Microbiology Microbiology stub ar eo Mikrobiologo fr Microbiologiste ga Micribhitheola sl Mikrobiolog ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Enteritis Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 A 02 a 00 ICD10 A 09 a 00 , ICD10 K 50 k 50 ICD10 K 55 k 55 ICD9 ICD9 005 , ICD9 008 , ICD9 009 , ICD9 555 ICD9 558 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D004751 In medicine , enteritis clarified 9 21 2010 by User SteveMX , from Greek Language Greek words enteron Small Intestine and suffix itis Inflammation , refers to inflammation of the small intestine . It is most commonly caused by the ingestion of substances contaminated with Pathogenic microbes pathogenic microorganisms . ref name medline Dugdale, David C., III, and George F Longstreth., such as Serratia http www.nlm.nih.gov MEDLINEPLUS ency article 001149.htm Enteritis . MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia, 18 October 2008. Accessed 24 August 2009. ref Symptoms include abdominal pain, cramping, diarrhea , dehydration and fever . ref name medline Inflammation of related organs of the gastrointestinal system are gastritis stomach gastroenteritis stomach and small intestine colitis large intestine enterocolitis large and small intestine See also Enteropathy Gastroenteritis References Reflist Gastroenterology Inflammation Category Inflammations Category Intestinal infectious diseases medical stub ca Enteritis cs Enteritida io Enterito fr Ent rite it Enterite lt Enteritas hu B lgyullad s nl Enteritis pt Enterite ru fi Enteriitti uk ... more details
C, Kraehenbuhl J, Sirard J title Mucosal interplay among commensal and pathogenic bacteria Lessons ... plant does not also recognize pathogenic effectors which damage it or modulate its immune response ... more details
Ringspot , a symptom of various plant viral infections, may refer to Carnation ringspot virus , a plant pathogenic virus of the family Tombusviridae Hydrangea ringspot virus , a plant pathogenic virus of the family Flexiviridae Odontoglossum ringspot virus , a plant pathogenic virus Papaya ringspot virus , a plant pathogenic virus in the genus Potyvirus and the virus family Potyviridae Potato black ringspot virus , a plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae Prunus necrotic ringspot virus , a plant pathogenic virus of the family Bromoviridae Raspberry ringspot virus , a plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae Strawberry latent ringspot virus , a plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae Tobacco ringspot virus , a plant pathogenic virus in the plant virus family Comoviridae Tomato ringspot virus , a plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae disambig ... more details
File Proven from the Philippines.jpg thumb alt Example alt text Proven from Los Ba os, Laguna, Philippines Coord 14.1690 121.2411 display inline Proven sometimes also Chicken proven , or spelled Proben is a type of street food popular in some regions of the Philippines . It consists essentially of the proventriculus of a chicken , dipped in cornstarch , and deep frying deep fried . It is served either in a small bagful of vinegar , or skewered on bamboo sticks to be dipped in the vinegar just before it is eaten. ref name totallyexplained Cite web url http filipino cuisine.totallyexplained.com title Everything about Filipino Cuisine totally explained accessdate 2009 10 20 publisher totallyexplained.com ref Proven is particularly favored among towns in Laguna, Philippines Laguna , and by students of the University of the Philippines Los Ba os , where enjoying a taste of the snack in the afternoon has become a popular part of campus culture, ref name Barrion cite journal author Barrion, A.S.A. and Hurtada, W.A. title Nutritional and microbial quality of the street food chicken proven in Los Banos, Laguna Philippines journal Philippine Agricultural Scientist year 2006 volume 89 issue 2 pages 157 164 url http www.fao.org agris search display.do?f 2008 PH PH0712.xml PH2007001391 ref similar to the iconic status given to Isaw at the University of the Philippines Diliman . Nutritional value A nutritional study conducted by UPLB noted that, as with most street foods, the microbial quality of the proven is a concern. However, the study noted that the pathogenic food borne microbes in proven are mostly destroyed when it is cooked. The microbes only grow back after cooking, when the proven is stored at ambient temperature. The study concluded that the risk of contamination can be reduced simply through practice of personal hygiene employing standard cooking temperature 171 185 deg C and time 10 15 min and by making sure that the proven is cooked just before it is eaten. ref nam ... more details
Pathogenicity islands PAIs are a distinct class of genomic island s which are acquired by horizontal gene transfer . They are incorporated in the genome of pathogenic microorganisms but are usually absent from those non pathogenic organisms of the same or closely related species. They usually occupy relatively large genomic regions ranging from 10 200 Kilo base pair kb and encode gene s which contribute to the virulence of the respective pathogen. Typical examples are adherence factors, toxin s, iron uptake systems, invasion factors and secretion systems. Pathogenicity islands are discrete genetic units flanked by direct repeats, insertion sequences or tRNA genes, which are sites for recombination into the DNA. Cryptic mobility genes may also be present, indicating the provenance as transduction. An analogous genomic structure in rhizobia is termed a symbiosis island. Properties of PAIs 1. PAIs carry genes encoding one or more virulence factors adhesin s, toxins, invasins, etc. 2. They are located on bacterial chromosome or may be a part of a plasmid 3. The GC content of pathogenicity islands often differs from that of the rest of the genome ref Hacker J, Kaper JB., Pathogenicity islands and the evolution of microbes. Annu Rev Microbiol . 2000 54 641 79 http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov pubmed 11018140?dopt Abstract ref 4. They are flanked by direct repeats The sequence of bases at two ends are the same. 5. PAIs are associated with tRNA genes, which target sites for the integration of DNA 6. PAIs carry functional genes, e.g. integrase , transposase , or part of insertion sequence s. 7. Represent unstable DNA regions. May move from one tRNA locus to another or be deleted. 8. Site specific integration of pathogenicity islands is mediated by an Integrase recombinase 9. They can be transferred as a single unit to new cells, thus conferring virulence to formerly benign strains. Examples The Escherichia coli Urinary tract infection UPEC P fimbriae island contains virulence factor ... more details
to kill other pathogens , pathogenic bacteria that were being held at bay can proliferate and cause .... Types of pathogen Viral See Virus disease Pathogenic viruses are mainly those of the families of Adenoviridae ... pathogenic viruses cause smallpox, influenza, mumps, measles, chickenpox , ebola, and rubella. Viruses typically range between 20 300 nanometers in length. Bacterial Main Pathogenic bacteria Although the vast majority of bacteria are harmless or beneficial, a few pathogenic bacteria can cause infectious ... tuberculosis , which affects about 2 million people mostly in sub Saharan Africa. Pathogenic ... such as Shigella , Campylobacter and Salmonella . Pathogenic bacteria also cause infections ... range between 1 5 micrometers in length. Fungal Fungi comprise a eukaryotic kingdom of microbes ... 885 days. It is also one of the most deadly pathogenic viruses, as it kills between 20 50 ... or virulence factors, encoded within the pathogens genetic material, that facilitate microbes to cause ... more details
PRMV may refer to Peach rosette mosaic virus , a plant pathogenic virus of the family Comoviridae PrMV may refer to Primula mosaic virus , a plant pathogenic virus of the family Potyviridae disambiguation ... more details
H. arenaria may refer to Hemicycliophora arenaria , a plant pathogenic nematode species Heterodera arenaria , a plant pathogenic nematode species See also Arenaria disambiguation Species Latin name abbreviation disambiguation ... more details
Bacterial oxidation BIOX is a biohydrometallurgy biohydrometallurgical process developed for pre cyanidation treatment of refractory gold ores or concentrates. The bacterial culture is a mixed culture of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans , Thiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans . The bacterial oxidation process comprises contacting refractory sulfide ROM ore or concentrate with a strain of the bacterial culture for a suitable treatment period under an optimum operating environment. The bacteria oxidise the sulfide minerals, thus liberating the occluded gold for subsequent recovery via cyanidation . Under controlled continuous plant conditions, the number of bacterial cells and their activity is optimised to attain the highest rate of sulfide oxidation . The bacteria require a very acidic environment pH 1.0 to 4.0 , a temperature of between 30 and 45 C, and a steady supply of oxygen and carbon dioxide for optimum growth and activity. The unusual operating conditions for the bacteria are not favourable for the growth of most other microbes , thus eliminating the need for sterility during the bacterial oxidation process. Because organic substances are toxic to the bacteria, they are non pathogenic and incapable of causing disease. The bacteria employed in the process do not, therefore, pose a health risk to humans or any animals. The bacterial oxidation of iron sulfide minerals produces iron III sulfate and sulfuric acid , and in the case of arsenopyrite , arsenic acid is also produced. The arsenic is removed from the liquor by coprecipitation with the iron and sulfate in a two stage neutralisation process. This produces a solid neutralisation precipitate containing largely calcium sulfate , basic iron III arsenate and iron III hydroxide . The iron III arsenate is sufficiently insoluble and stable to allow the neutralisation product to be safely disposed of on a slimes dam. The neutralisation liquor, purified to contain an acceptable level of arsenic, can be ... more details
Osmophilic organisms are microorganisms adapted to environments with high osmotic pressures, such as high sugar concentrations. Osmophiles are similar to Halophile halophillic salt loving organisms because a critical aspect of both types of environment is their low water activity , a sub W sub . High sugar concentrations represent a growth limiting factor for many microorganism s, yet osmophiles protect themselves against this high osmotic pressure by the synthesis of osmoprotectant s such as alcohol s and amino acid s. Nearly all osmophilic microorganisms are from the yeast genus. Osmophile yeasts are important because they cause spoilage in the sugar and sweet goods industry, with products such as fruit juices, fruit juice concentrates, liquid sugars such as golden syrup , honey and in some cases marzipan. Among the most osmophillic are class wikitable Organism Minimum a sub W sub Saccharomyces rouxii 0.62 Saccharomyces bailii 0.80 Debaryomyces 0.83 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 0.90 Pathogenicity Osmophiles with possible pathogenesis are Aspergillus , Saccharomyces , Enterobacter aerogenes and Micrococcus . ref name uga http gchava.myweb.uga.edu organisms.html MICROBES INVOLVED IN FOOD SPOILAGE Authors Gabriel Chavarria, Julia Neal, Parul Shah, Katrina Pierzchala, Bryant Conger ref However, none of them are highly pathogenic, and only cause opportunistic infections , i.e. infections in people with weakened immune system . They are rather a cause of general food spoiling than causing any food poisoning in humans. References Reflist refbegin cite journal title Efficacy of agar media for enumerating two Saccharomyces species in sucrose syrups journal Mycopathologia author L. R. Beuchat publisher Springer Netherlands volume 76 issue 3 month December year 1981 doi 10.1007 BF00761893 pages 13 17 cite journal journal Rev Argent Microbiol. year 2006 month Apr Jun volume 38 issue 2 pages 93 6 title Moulds and yeasts in bottled water and soft drinks in Spanish author Ancasi EG ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Enterobacter aerogenes regnum Bacteria phylum Proteobacteria classis Gamma Proteobacteria ordo Enterobacteriales familia Enterobacteriaceae genus Enterobacter binomial Enterobacter aerogenes Bacterial labs gram shape rods hemolysis oxidase catalase indole citrate Enterobacter aerogenes is a Gram negative , Oxidase test oxidase negative, catalase positive, Citrate test citrate positive, Indole test indole negative, Bacillus rod shaped bacterium . E. aerogenes is a nosocomial and pathogenic bacterium that causes opportunistic infection s including most types of infections. Enterobacter species can also cause various community acquired infections. Some strains can become very treatment resistant, a result of their colonization within hospital environments. However, the majority are sensitive to most antibiotics designed for this bacteria class. Some of the infections caused by E. aerogenes result from specific antibiotic treatments, venous catheter insertions, and or surgical procedures. E. aerogenes is generally found in the human gastrointestinal tract and does not generally cause disease in healthy individuals. It has been found to live in various wastes, hygienic chemicals, and soil. The bacterium also has some commercial significance the hydrogen gas produced during fermentation has been experimented with using molasses as the substrate. It may spoil maple sap and syrup. ref http web.archive.org web 20080224143934 http gchava.myweb.uga.edu organisms.html MICROBES INVOLVED IN FOOD SPOILAGE Authors Gabriel Chavarria, Julia Neal, Parul Shah, Katrina Pierzchala, Bryant Conger ref One possible identification code generated by testing E. aerogenes using an Analytical Profile Index API strip is 5 305 773 and Enterotube strip is 3 6 3 6 1. . References reflist Category Enterobacteria Proteobacteria stub Gram negative bacterial diseases http emedicine.medscape.com article 216845 overview ... more details
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