Other uses Refimprove date June 2008 A password is a secret word or string of character computing characters ... code is a type of password . The password should be kept secrecy secret from those not allowed ... an area or approaching it to supply a password or watchword. Sentries would only allow a person or group to pass if they knew the password. In modern times, user computing user name s and passwords ... The easier a password is for the owner to remember generally means it will be easier for an hacker computer security attacker to guess. ref Cite news title If Your Password Is 123456, Just Make It HackMe ... of a system because a users might need to write down or electronically store the password, b users will need frequent password resets and c users are more likely to re use the same password. Similarly, the more stringent requirements for password strength, e.g. have a mix of uppercase and lowercase ... about a good choice of password. They found that passwords based on thinking of a phrase and taking ..., asking users to remember a password consisting of a mix of uppercase and lowercase characters is similar ... the password one keyboard row higher is a common trick known to attackers. Factors in the security of a password system The security of a password protected system depends on several factors. The overall ... automatic attack schemes. See password strength , computer security , and computer insecurity ... of this measure is to avoid bystanders reading the password. However, some argue that such practice ... control provisions may force extreme measures on criminals seeking to acquire a password or biometric ... attack . Here are some specific password management issues that must be considered in thinking about, choosing, and handling, a password. Rate at which an attacker can try guessed passwords The rate ... password entry attempts. In the absence of other vulnerabilities, such systems can be effectively ... in the United Kingdom ref Many systems store or transmit a cryptographic hash of the password in a manner ... more details
Refimprove date January 2008 Infobox television show name Password Plus image Image PasswordPlus.jpg 240px caption Password Plus opening title. genre Game show camera Six cameras, later five picture format ... NBC first aired start date 1979 1 8 last aired end date 1982 3 26 status Ended preceded by Password game show Password 1961 1967, 1971 1975 followed by Super Password 1984 1989 br Million Dollar Password 2008 2009 num episodes 801 including 1 unaired Infobox television show name Super Password image Image SuperPassword.jpg 240px caption Opening title for Super Password . genre Game show camera ... NBC first aired start date 1984 9 24 last aired start date 1989 3 24 status Ended preceded by Password game show Password 1961 1967, 1971 1975 br Password Plus 1979 1982 followed by Million Dollar Password 2008 2009 num episodes 1,151 Password Plus and Super Password are American game shows that are revivals of the game show Password game show Password . Both Password Plus and Super Password had the same format other than some subtle changes. Password Plus and Super Password aired on NBC , and were taped on Stage 3 at NBC Studios in Burbank, California . As with the previous editions, Password Plus was a Mark Goodson Bill Todman Production, and Super Password was a Mark Goodson Production. Password Plus ran from January 8, 1979 to March 26, 1982 for 800 shows and won a Daytime Emmy Award ... feelings on NBC game shows, was left unaired, but did air on GSN in the mid 1990s ref Super Password aired 1,151 episodes from September 24, 1984 to March 24, 1989. Cast Hosts Password Plus was hosted ... host until Password Plus ended. Kennedy was considered to host Super Password Citation needed ... was the regular announcer on both Password Plus and Super Password . Johnny Olson , Bob Hilton , John Harlan announcer John Harlan , and Rich Jeffries filled in for Wood on some episodes of Password ... announcer of Super Password and continued as a regular announcer until November 23, 1984. Wood took ... more details
Merge Password policy Usability considerations date August 2009 Unreferenced date February 2008 Living on the intersection of cryptography and psychology , password psychology is the study of what makes password s or Key cryptography cryptographic keys easy to remember or guess. See also Password strength Password policy Password cracking Passphrase DEFAULTSORT Password Psychology Category Cryptography comp sci stub ... more details
Wiktionary password A password is a form of authentication which uses secret data to control access to something. Other meanings include Password game show , an American game show Password Plus and Super Password and Million Dollar Password , its revivals Password game , a word association game by the Milton Bradley Company based on the game show Password video games , a video game saving method Passwords , a 2000 book by French philosopher Jean Baudrillard , published in French as Mots de passe Songs Password , a 1964 song by Kitty Wells Password , a song by Kylie Minogue from her 2001 CD Single Your Disco Needs You disambig fr Mot de passe homonymie ... more details
Password synchronization is defined as any process or technology that helps users to maintain a single password that is subject to a single security policy, and changes on a single schedule across multiple ... enrollment can be automated. Uses Password synchronization is an effective mechanism for addressing password management problems on an enterprise network Users with synchronized passwords tend to remember their passwords. Simpler password management means that users make significantly fewer password ... down their passwords. Security Some in particular those who sell single signon systems claim that password synchronization is less secure than single signon, since compromise of one password means compromise of all. The counter argument is that, with single signon, compromise of the primary password ... all, so the security of password synchronization and single signon is similar i.e., both systems depend strongly on the security of a single password, and that password must be well defended, regardless of such academic arguments. Types Two types of password synchronization processes are commonly available in commercial software Transparent password synchronization, triggered by a password change on an existing system. The new password is automatically forwarded to other user objects that belong to the same user, on other systems of the same or different types . Web based password synchronization, initiated by the user with a web browser, in place of the existing native password change ... of password synchronization is one that securely synchronizes only the Password Form of stored passwords stored representations of the original passwords not by sharing the clear text password itself. For this, however, both parties must share the same password storage and verification scheme. Therefore, this feature is typically only found in proprietary forms where the password scheme is controlled by a single vendor on both ends. As standards for password storage evolve, password synchronization ... more details
Where a device needs a username and or password to login, a default password is usually provided that allows the device to be accessed during its initial setup. Manufacturers of such equipment typically use a simple password, such as admin or password on all equipment they ship, in the expectation that users will change the password during configuration . Generally, if the current password of a device is not available it may be necessary to reset the device to Default computer science factory defaults to re enable the default password it was provided with from the factory. This often resets the entire device to factory defaults and includes all configuration and data. External links Examples of default password databases http defaultpasswords.in Default Passwords http www.phenoelit us.org dpl dpl.html Default password list http www.helith.net projects alecto Alecto Default password Database Project http www.defaultpassword.us Default password Database http default password.info Default Password List http www.corrupteddatarecovery.com pages Default Passwords Data Recovery.asp Default OEM password database Category Password authentication crypto stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2006 Image Password game.jpg right thumb Password is the home version of the classic Password TV series television game show developed by Goodson Todman Productions. The home version was released by the Milton Bradley Company in 1962, the year after the series premiered on CBS. 24 editions of the original home game numbered 1 12 and 14 25 were produced from 1962 through 1986. Milton Bradley also released several editions of a Password Plus home game. A newer version of the game is currently in its seventh edition by Endless Games . Endless Games has also released a home version of 2008 s Million Dollar Password . In popular culture In the 1996 movie The Cable Guy , the protagonists play a game of Password but only using obscene words. DEFAULTSORT Password Game Category Milton Bradley games Category Endless Games games Game stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 There are several forms of software used to help users or organizations better manage password s Intended for use by a single user Password manager software is used by individuals to organize and encrypt many personal passwords. This is also referred to as a password wallet. Intended for use by a multiple users groups of users Password synchronization software is used by organizations to arrange for different passwords, on different systems, to have the same value when they belong to the same person. Self service password reset software enables users who forgot their password or triggered an intruder lockout to authenticate using another mechanism and resolve their own problem, without calling an IT help desk. Enterprise Single signon software monitors applications launched by a user and automatically populates login IDs and passwords. Web single signon software intercepts user access to web applications and either inserts authentication information into the HTTP S stream or redirects the user to a separate page, where the user is authenticated and directed back to the original URL. Privileged password management software DEFAULTSORT Password Management Category Password authentication Category Password managers Category Identity management ... more details
Password fatigue , also known as password chaos or identity chaos , is the feeling experienced by many people who are required to remember an excessive number of password s as part of their daily routine ... computer user has 21 accounts that require a password ref Hayday, Graham. http software.silicon.com ... , password fatigue may encourage people to adopt habits that reduce the security of their protected information. For example, an account holder might use the same password for several different accounts ... records of their passwords. Other factors causing password fatigue are unexpected demands that a user create a new password unexpected demands that a user create a new password that uses particular pattern of letters, digits, and special characters demand that the user type the new password twice blind typing, both when responding to a password prompt and when setting a new password. Some companies ... certificates , OTP tokens , fingerprint authentication or password hints . ref or adopted ... authentication system. Password fatigue will typically affect users, but can also affect technical ... sign on software SSO can help mitigate this problem by only requiring users to remember one password ... is that loss of a single password will prevent access to all services using the SSO system, and moreover theft or misuse of such a password presents a criminal or attacker with many targets. Many operating systems provide a mechanism to store and retrieve passwords by using the users login password to unlock an encrypted password database. Mac OS X has a Keychain Mac OS Keychain feature that provides ... have added similar functionality to all of the major browsers, and password management software such as KeePass and Password Safe can help mitigate the problem of password fatigue by storing passwords in a database encrypted with a single password. Additionally the majority of password protected web services provide a Self service password reset password recovery feature that will allow users to recover ... more details
notability date December 2009 Partial Password is a mode of password authentication. By asking the user to enter only a few specific characters from their password ref cite web title What is partial password verification? accessdate 2011 03 03 work Co operative Bank url http ask.co operativebank.co.uk help customer services partial password ref , rather than the whole password, partial passwords help to protect the user from password theft. As only part of the password is revealed at once it becomes more difficult to obtain the password using techniques such as keystroke logging or Shoulder surfing computer security shoulder surfing . Verifying Partial Passwords It is good practice to not store passwords in cleartext , instead when checking a whole password it is common to store the result of passing the password to a cryptographic hash function . As the user doesn t supply the whole password it cannot be verified against a stored digest of the whole password. Some have suggested storing the digest of each combination of letters that could be requested but they note that this results in generating and storing a large amount of digests ref cite web title Partial Passwords and Keystroke Loggers accessdate 2011 03 03 url http www.plynt.com blog 2005 08 partial passwords and keystrok ref ref name sa pphow cite web title Partial Passwords How? url http www.smartarchitects.co.uk news 9 15 Partial Passwords How.html accessdate 2011 03 03 ref . A better solution in terms of storage space and security is using a secret sharing scheme ref name sa pphow . References Reflist Category Password authentication ... more details
No footnotes date April 2009 A password policy is a set of rules designed to enhance computer security by encouraging users to employ strong password s and use them properly. A password policy is often .... The password policy may either be advisory or mandated by technical means. Aspects of password policy Typical components of a password policy include Password length and formation see also Password strength Many policies require a minimum password length, typically 8 characters. Some systems impose ... on what type of password a user can choose, such as the use of both upper and lower case letters ..., consonant, number, number for example pinray45 . This form is called an Environ password and is case insensitive. Unfortunately, since the form of this 8 character password is known to potential attackers, the number of possibilities that need to be tested is actually fewer than a 6 character password of no form 486,202,500 vs 2,176,782,336 . Other systems create the password for the users or let the user select one of a limited number of displayed choices. Password duration Some policies require ... sometimes prevent users from picking a password too close to a previous selection. This policy can often backfire. Since it s hard to come up with Password strength good passwords that are also ... down. Also, if the policy prevents a user from repeating a recent password, this means that there is a database ... hashes instead of having the old ones erased from memory. Requiring a very strong password, and not requiring ... a password, if it s not changed, they may have long term access. It is necessary to weigh these factors the likelihood of someone guessing a password because it is weak, vs the likelihood of someone managing to steal, or otherwise acquire without guessing, a password. Common password practice Password policies often include advice on proper password management such as never sharing a computer account never using the same password for more than one account never telling a password to anyone, including ... more details
A password manager is software that helps a user organize password s and personal identification number ... password data. Many password managers also work as a form filler , thus they fill the user and password data automatically into forms. These are usually implemented as a browser extension . Password ... phone or as a portable application on a USB stick such as U3 or similar. Web based Online password manager where passwords are stored on a provider s website. Password managers can also be used as a defense against phishing . Unlike human beings, a password manager program, which can handle automated ... in advantage, the use of a password manager is beneficial even if the user only has a few passwords to remember. However not all password managers can automatically handle the more complex login procedures imposed by many banking websites. Vulnerabilities Password managers typically use a user selected master password or passphrase to form the key cryptography key used to encrypt the protected passwords. This master password must be password strength strong enough to resist attack eg, brute force attack brute force , dictionary attack s, etc . A compromised master password renders all of the protected ... a single password may be more convenient usable , but if compromised would render compromised all of the passwords held. As with any system which involves the user entering a password, the master password may also be attacked and discovered using key logging or acoustic cryptanalysis . Some password ... to key loggers which take screenshots as data is entered. Some password managers include a password generator . Generated passwords may be guessable if the password manager uses a weak random number generator instead of a cryptographically secure one. Password managers that do not prevent swapping their memory ... hard drive, though turning off swap, or installing more memory prevents this risk. Online password manager An online password manager is a website that securely stores login details. They are a web based ... more details
Password cracking is the process of recovering password s from data computing data that has been stored in or transmitted by a computer system . A common approach is to repeatedly try guesses for the password. The purpose of password cracking might be to help a user recover a forgotten password though installing an entirely new password is less of a security risk, but involves system administration ... to check for easily crackable passwords. On a file by file basis, password cracking is utilized ... is restricted. Time needed for password searches The time to crack a password is related to bit strength see password strength , which is a function of the password s information entropy. Most methods of password cracking require the computer to produce many candidate passwords, each of which is checked. Brute force cracking, in which a computer tries every possible key or password until it succeeds, is the lowest common denominator of password cracking. More common methods of password cracking ... can be checked. If a hash of the target password is available to the attacker, this number can be quite large. If not, the rate depends on whether the authentication software limits how often a password ... per second against a password hash for weaker algorithms, such as DES or LanManager. See http openwall.info wiki john benchmarks John the Ripper benchmarks A user selected eight character password ... of password cracking are considerably extended. In 2002, distributed.net successfully found a 64 ... Distributed.net accessdate March 27, 2008 ref Graphics processor s can speed up password cracking ... Password Recovery Speed table , NTLM passwords, Nvidia Tesla S1070 GPU, accessed 2011 2 1 ref Such a device can crack a 10 letter single case password in one day. Note that the work can be distributed ... with comparable GPUs. If a cryptographic salt is not used in the password system, the attacker ... length, allowing very rapid recovery. Long lists of pre computed password hashes can be efficiently ... more details
Refimprove date February 2008 In computing , Unix like operating systems use the shadow password database ... users access to encrypted password data. Typically, that data is kept in files owned by and accessible ... hash of the user s password usually produced from a cryptographic hash function Password ... with unprivileged access to the system can obtain the hashed form of every user s password ... passwords vulnerable to such password cracking techniques. ref cite news authorlink author Rob Lemos ... password file to hold the password hashes separate from the other data in the world readable ... operating systems use shadowed passwords. With a shadowed password scheme in use, the tt etc passwd tt file typically shows a character such as tt tt , or tt x tt in the password field for each user instead of the hashed password, and tt etc shadow tt usually contains the following user information User login name Salt cryptography salt and hashed password OR a status exception value e.g. id salt ... man cgi?crypt 3 NetBSD current NetBSD . NP or or null No password, the account has no password. LK or the account is Locked, user will be unable to log in the password has expired Days since Unix time epoch of last password change Days until change allowed Days before change required Days warning ... important information in the shadow file consists of the salt and the hashed password, the file usually contains other fields as well, such as the last time the password was changed, when the password ... identical to that of the password file, to wit, one line per user, ordered fields on each ... be identical to the order of the corresponding users in the password file. To modify the contents ... and SHA512 . Note that the shadow password file does not entirely solve the problem of attacker access ... password over the network sometimes in cleartext Citation needed date November 2010 , making it vulnerable ... by legitimate password checking programs need to be written in such a way that malicious programs ... more details
File PassWord Strength.png thumb right Gmail password strength meter Password strength is a measure of the effectiveness of a password in resisting guessing and brute force attacks. In its usual form, it estimates how many trials an attacker who does not have direct access to the password would need, on average, to guess it correctly. The strength of a password is a function of length, complexity, and unpredictability ... password. For instance, knowledge about a user may suggest possible passwords such as pet names, children s names, etc. . Hence estimates of password strength must also take into account resistance ... passwords do not replace the need for other effective security controls . The effectiveness of a password ... system software, particularly how frequently password guesses can be tested by an attacker and how ... means of breaching computer security which are unrelated to password strength. Such means include ... . Determining password strength There are two factors to consider in determining password strength the ease with which an attacker can check the validity of a guessed password, and the average number of guesses the attacker must make to find the correct password. The first factor determined by how the password is stored and what it is used for, while the second factor is determined by how long the password is, what set of symbols it is drawn from and how it is created. Password guess validation The most obvious way to test a guessed password is to attempt to use it to access the resource the password was meant to protect. However, this can be slow and many systems will delay or block ... a cryptographic hash of a password is stored instead of the password itself. If the hash is strong ... recover the password. However, if the cryptographic hash data files have been stolen, knowledge of the hash value lets the attacker quickly test guesses. See Password cracking . In 2010, the Georgia ... elcomsoft http www.elcomsoft.com eprb.html gpu Elcomsoft.com , ElcomSoft Password Recovery Speed table ... more details
A cognitive password is a form of Authentication knowledge based authentication that requires a user to answer a question, presumably something they intrinsically know, to verify their identity. Cognitive password systems have been researched for many years and are currently commonly used as a form of secondary access. They were developed to overcome the common memorability vs. Password strength strength problem that exists with the traditional password. Cognitive passwords, when compared to other password systems, can be measured through the usage of a memorability vs. guessability ratio. ref cite book last Harris first Shon title Mike Meyers CISSP R Certification Passport publisher McGraw Hill ... are easily Password cracking cracked by attackers. On the other hand Password strength strong passwords ... When passwords are difficult to remember, users may write them down, and the secrecy of the password ... security and usability aimed to develop a password system that utilized easily remembered personal facts ... password, a password system based on Sensory cue user selected cues and responses. ref Smith, 1987 ... ref Cognitive questions At the core of a cognitive password system lies the questions. These questions were designed to be more memorable than the standard username password authentication method. As such, a measure of the strength of a cognitive password is the memorability guessability ratio. ref Bunnell et. al, 1997, p. 631 ref Question Development Questions developed for cognitive password ... vs. guessability A user s ability to correctly recall their password is expected to decrease as time ... are some typical cognitive password questions What is your mother s maiden name? Who is your ... 8 pages 723 736 year 1990a Citation last Zviran first Moshe last2 Haga first2 William J. title Password ... main research areas vcpassword.htm Visual and Cognitive Password Authentication DEFAULTSORT Cognitive Password Category Password authentication ms Kata laluan kognitif ... more details
notability Fiction date May 2010 Cleanup date October 2008 The use of the word Swordfish refers to a password which originated in the 1932 Marx Brothers movie Horse Feathers . The password has since been used in films, TV series, books and videogames. Original apparition The password Swordfish was first used in the 1932 Marx Brothers movie Horse Feathers in a scene where Groucho Marx , as Professor Wagstaff, attempts to gain access to a speakeasy guarded by Baravelli Chico . The original dialogue occurred as follows ref name imdb http www.imdb.com title tt0023027 quotes Memorable quotes from Horse Feathers ref Baravelli ...you can t come in unless you give the password. Professor Wagstaff Well, what is the password? Baravelli Aw, no. You gotta tell me. Hey, I tell what I do. I give you three guesses. It s the name of a fish. Professor Wagstaff Is it Mary? Baravelli laughing At s a no fish Professor Wagstaff She isn t? Well, she drinks like one ...Let me see... Is it Sturgeon ? Baravelli Aw, you a craze. A sturgeon , he s Surgeon a doctor cuts you open when a you sick . Now I give you one more chance. Wagstaff I got it Haddock . Baravelli At s a funny, I got a headache haddock too. Wagstaff What do you take for a haddock ? Baravelli Sometimes I take an aspirin , sometimes I take a Mercury ... movie Swordfish , the Robot Chicken Episode Password Swordfish, the Terry Pratchett novel Night ... Macguffin. In the premiere episode of the television show Sam & Max , a character says What s the password ... of the passwords guessed is swordfish. The password Swordfish was also used in... Flaming Carrot Arena ... Show Recess TV series Recess , as a password to get into a performing arts club. In the ninth ... the password for an illegal casino in New York being swordfish . In the second season episode That Old ... said it was a nice try. Clark interjects and says, the fat lady sings , the correct password ... references div Category Password authentication ... more details
In computing, the term munge IPA en m nd means to attempt to create a strong, secure password through character substitution. Munge is sometimes backronym med as M odify U ntil N ot G uessed E asily. The usage differs significantly from Mung computer term Mung Mash Until No Good , because mung ing implies destruction of data, while munge ing implies creation of strong protection for data. The case for mungeing Passwords are used to gain access to computer resources, and computer users generally choose passwords that are easy to remember, but therefore insecure. Simple passwords are easily hacked by dictionary attack ing software. If a network administrator supplies a password that is too difficult to remember, or requires that passwords be changed frequently, users tend to write their passwords down to help them remember. Many times passwords can be found on sticky notes under keyboards, behind pictures, or hidden among other desktop items another security risk. Mungeing helps to create a strong password that the user can remember easily. The user may choose any word he or she likes, then modifies it to make it stronger. How to munge Inappropriate tone section date June 2009 A strong password contains characters from at least 3 of these 4 character sets class wikitable Lower case abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz Upper case ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ Numbers 01234567890 Special & ? Adding a number and or special character to a password may thwart simple dictionary attack s. For example, the password butterfly could be munged in the following ways class wikitable 8uttErfly The b becomes an eight B8 , and any other letter can be capitalized butt3rfl? The e becomes a three E3 , and the Y becomes a question mark Y Why? bu2Terfly The two Ts become 2T 8u2T3RfL? a combination of all ... applications by limiting password attempts to either one per few seconds or 5 per longer period of time ... links http catb.org jargon html M munge.html Jargon File entry for munge Category Password authentication ... more details
Italic title Infobox Film name The Password Is Courage image ThePasswordIsCourage poster.jpg caption Cinema poster director Andrew L. Stone producer Andrew L. Stone writer Andrew L. Stone starring Dirk Bogarde br Maria Perschy br Alfred Lynch music cinematography Davis Boulton editing Noreen Ackland studio Andrew L. Stone Productions, MGM distributor MGM released 21 December 1962 US release runtime 116 min language English, German country United Kingdom budget The Password Is Courage is a 1962 in film 1962 World War II film , directed, produced and written by Andrew L. Stone , and starring Dirk Bogarde . The film is a lighthearted take on the true story of Sergeant Major Charles Coward , and the screenplay is based on the biography of Coward written by John Castle. Plot Charles Coward Dirk Bogarde is a United Kingdom British Non commissioned officer NCO incarcerated in the Prisoner of war POW camp Stalag VIII B . He encourages his fellow inmates to escape, and tries to humiliate the Germany German guards at every opportunity. He first attempts to escape by masquerading as a wounded German soldier. He is taken to hospital, where his identity is revealed, but not before being awarded the Iron Cross as he lies in his hospital bed. He then digs a tunnel, and, using a map he has obtained from the Polish Resistance , escapes with fellow prisoner Bill Pope Alfred Lynch . They are captured. After the failure of the tunnel, they then attempt to escape by using a fire engine. Their plan works German soldiers get off the road to allow the firetruck to pass through and they drive the vehicle ... the truth even more by borrowing events that happened to other people. Trivia Despite the title, the password ... Reflist External links imdb title id 0056335 title The Password is Courage http www.britmovie.co.uk films The Password is Courage The Password is Courage on Britmovie.co.uk Retrieved 2011 01 19 DEFAULTSORT Password is Courage, The Category 1962 films Category World War II films Category British films ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The term Subsidy Password is used by Motorola and other handset manufacturers to refer to the 8 digit or 16 digit code for newer phones such as the Motorola K1 SIM Lock unlock code necessary to remove the operator lock also known as subsidy lock from cell phones . This code is randomly assigned to individual cell phones by the OEM on request of the mobile service operator and prevents the use of a particular phone on a cellular network other than that to which the phone was originally sold. Justification for use of Subsidy Password The term subsidy refers to the subsidization of cell phones sold to customers that purchase mobile phones as part of a contract with the mobile service operator. Many network operators provide these subsidies as an incentive for users to sign extended contracts, and use the subsidy lock as a means of protecting their investment. The installation of such locks means that users often are forced to purchase a different phone if they decide to switch their network of advantage to both the OEM manufacturer and cellular service provider . CDMA cellular providers that use subsidy locks on their handsets Ntelos, Cricket, Sprint, Quest, US Cellular, SureWest, Telus & Bell Mobility Not a complete list GSM SIM LOCK T Mobile Cingular AT&T Rogers Alltel or Verizon Wireless do not use any type of subsidy locks on their CDMA phones. Default Code 000000 or 123456 or 654321 Prepaid cellphones from Alltel & Verizon Wireless come locked from the store, but Verizon Wireless prepaid cellphones can be unlocked with a call to Verizon. Unlocking services and software As a result of the lack of open access to the Subsidy Password database, a number of online services have grown around providing alternative unlocking software . The methods used to unlock cell phones varies although most involve reading the code from the phone and resetting it. Legal concerns United States Network carriers some times unlock their customer s phones. While one ... more details
European Club Soccer Password video games Password sheet. Scanned for wikipedia by user WolfenSilva wS . GFDL with disclaimers migration relicense ... more details
In telecommunication , a password length parameter is a basic parameter the value of which affects password strength against brute force attack and so is a contributor to computer security . One use of the password length parameters is in the expression math P L times R S math , where math P math is the probability that a password can be guessed in its lifetime, math L math is the maximum lifetime a password can be used to log in to a system , math R math is the number of guesses per unit of time , and math S math is the number of unique algorithm generated passwords the password space . The degree of password security is determined by the probability that a password can be guessed in its lifetime. References FS1037C Category Computer network security Category Password authentication ... more details
Box cover of Password game Non free board game cover Non free use rationale Description The Password game box cover Source photo by uploader Article Password game Portion the box Low resolution yes Purpose to show the game Replaceability no other information Non free use rationale Description The Password game box cover Source photo by uploader Article Password TV series Portion the box Low resolution yes Purpose to show the game Replaceability no other information ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date October 2008 Password based cryptography generally refers to two distinct classes of methods Single party methods Multi party methods Single party methods Some systems attempt to derive a cryptographic key directly from a password. However, such practice is generally ill advised when there is a threat of brute force attack . Techniques to mitigate such attack include passphrase s and iterated deliberately slow password based key derivation functions such as PBKDF2 RFC 2898 . Multi party methods Password authenticated key agreement systems allow two or more parties that agree on a password or password related data to derive shared keys without exposing the password or keys to network attack. Earlier generations of challenge response authentication systems have also been used with passwords, but these have generally been subject to eavesdropping and or brute force attacks on the password. See also Password Passphrase Password authenticated key agreement DEFAULTSORT Password Based Cryptography Category Cryptography ... more details
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