A micropyle is small opening in the surface of an ovule, through which the pollen tube penetrates, often visible as a small pore in the ripe seed. category Plant anatomy ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The chalaza Pron en k le z from Greek language Greek Polytonic hailstone plural chalazas or chalazae is a structure inside animal egg biology egg s and plant ovule s. It attaches or suspends the yolk or nucellus within the larger structure. In Animals In animal eggs, the chalaza is composed of one or two spiral bands of tissue that suspend the yolk in the center of the white. It acts similar to an umbilical cord in mammals the growing embryo receives its nutrients from the yolk. The purpose of the chalaza is to hold the yolk in place. For culinary use of eggs, particularly in baking, the chalaza is sometimes removed in order to ensure a uniform texture. In Plants In plant ovules, the chalaza is located opposite the micropyle opening of the integuments. It is the tissue where the integuments and nucellus are joined. Nutrients from the plant travel through vascular tissue in the funiculus and outer integument through the chalaza into the nucellus. During the development of the embryo sac inside a flowering plant ovule, the three cells at the chalazal end become the antipodal cells. Chalazogamy In most flowering plants, the pollen tube enters the ovule through the micropyle opening in the integuments for fertilization. In chalazogamous fertilization, the pollen tube s penetrate the ovule through the chalaza rather than the micropyle opening. Chalazogamy was first discovered in monoecious plant species of the Casuarinaceae family, but has since then also been observed in others, for example in pistachio and walnut . Category Oology Category Plant morphology Category Plant anatomy Category Pollination Developmental biology stub Botany stub ca Calaza io Chalazo it Calaza nl Chalaza pl Chalaza uk zh yue ... more details
Funiculus Latin for slender rope commonly refers to in Funiculus neurology neurology , a bundle of nerve fibers the umbilical cord attaching a fetus to the placenta during pregnancy the spermatic cord Funiculus spermaticus in antenna biology insect antennae , the segment connecting the club with the base in plants, the stalk attaching an ovule to the ovary wall in a flower or fruit in mycology , the cord which attaches the peridioles the eggs to the peridium the nest in some species of the Nidulariaceae bird s nest fungi disambig ... more details
densely packed with cells throughout . Pollen tubes grow the length of the style to reach the ovule ... tubes. Studies have shown that in some species, at least, the pollen tube is directed to the Ovule Integuments, micropyle and chalaza micropyle of the ovule by the style Citation needed date July ... more details
Image Tomatoes plain and sliced.jpg thumb A bi locular tomato fruit. Image Cuor di bue 3in1.jpg thumb A multi locular tomato fruit. A locule pl. locules or loculi from Latin loculus , meaning little place is a small cavity or compartment within an organ or part of an organism animal , plant or fungus . In plants, the term locule usually refers to a chamber within an Ovary plants ovary gynoecium or carpel of the flower and fruit s . Depending on the number of locules in the ovary, carpels and fruits can be classified as uni locular , bi locular or multi locular . The locules contain the ovule s or seed s. The term may also refer to chambers within anther s containing pollen . In the Loculoascomycetes , a group of Ascomycete sac fungi , locules are chambers containing perithecium perithecia with ascus asci and ascospore s. Category Plant anatomy Category Plant morphology Category Fungal morphology and anatomy botany stub ca L cul ... more details
A gynophore is the stalk of certain flower s which supports the gynoecium the ovule producing part of a flower , elevating it above the branching points of other floral parts. ref name McCusker cite web author McCusker title Flora of Australia Glossary publisher Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage, and the Arts url http www.environment.gov.au biodiversity abrs online resources glossaries vascular g.html accessdate 2010 04 20 ref Plant genus genera that have flowers with gynophores include Waratah Telopea and Brachychiton . ref name Debenham cite book author Debenham, C. title The Language of Botany publisher Society for Growing Australian Plants location Chipping Norton, NSW, Australia year 1971 id ISBN 0909830010 ref References reflist Category Plant morphology botany stub fr Gynophore ... more details
In botany, the hilum is a scar or mark left on a seed coat by the former attachment to the ovary wall or to the Ovule funiculus which in turn attaches to the ovary wall . On a bean seed, the hilum is called the eye . For some species of fungi , the hilum is the microscopic indentation left on a spore when it separates from the sterigma of the basidium . ref name Kirk2008 cite book author Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. title Dictionary of the Fungi edition 10th publisher CABI location Wallingford, UK year 2008 page 317 isbn 9780851998268 ref The adjectival form hilar denotes the presence of such a mark, and can be used as a distinguishing characteristic of a seed or spore . References Reflist Category Plant anatomy Category Fungal morphology and anatomy ... more details
outcrossing. Gynoecia may facilitate pollen tube growth to the ovule and delivery of the sperm to the egg ... free central placentation . In some cases a single ovule is attached to the bottom or top of the locule basal or apical placentation , respectively . The ovule Main Ovule Image Femalesquash3747.JPG ..., and petals The ovule from Latin ovulum meaning small egg is a complex structure, born inside ovaries of carpels in angiosperms. The ovule initially consists of a stalked, integumented megasporangium ... into reduced megagametophytes often called embryo sacs within the ovule. Before fertilization, the ovule consists of one or two layers of integuments surrounding the remains of the megasporangium ... is called the micropyle . The stalk attaching the ovule to the placenta is called the funiculus . Ovules ... more details
of each ovule, and produces multiple egg cells. Thus, megaspores are enclosed in ovules unfertilized ... are physically transferred between plants, from pollen cone to the ovule, being transferred by wind or insects. Whole grains enter each ovule through a microscopic gap in the ovule coat integument called the micropyle. The pollen grains mature further inside the ovule and produce sperm cells. Two ... directly to the egg inside the ovule, while conifer s and gnetophyte s have sperm with no flagella ... more details
podocarps with its erect ovule, as well as the absence of resin ducts in the leaves. These three ... supports an erect ovule in its axil and this ovule remains erect throughout its development. References ... more details
Unreferenced stub type plant auto yes date December 2009 Williamsonia dragonfly Williamsonia is also a genus of Corduliidae corduliid dragonflies Taxobox fossil range Cretaceous image Williamsonia ovulate cone.jpg image caption Fossil seed cone of Williamsonia from the Jurassic image width 240px regnum Plant ae divisio Seed plant Spermatophyta classis Spermatophyta Spermatopsida ordo Bennettitales familia Williamsoniaceae genus Williamsonia genus authority William Carruthers botanist Carruth. Williamsonia is a fossil genus of Bennettitales , an extinct group of spermatophyte seed plants . The plants looked a bit like a cycad , with slender trunks up to two meters tall topped with a crown of leaves. The genus is used for fossil cones containing ovule s, from which seeds would have later developed. The cones are round and include up to 50 seeds packed in among the cone scales. Portal Paleontology Category Prehistoric plants Category Cretaceous life Paleobotany stub fr Williamsonia it Williamsonia ... more details
italic title Unreferenced date December 2009 Taxobox name Baldellia image Baldellia ranunculoides.jpeg image caption Baldellia ranunculoides regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Alismatales familia Alismataceae genus Baldellia genus authority Filippo Parlatore Parl. subdivision ranks Species subdivision Baldiella alpestris Baldiella ranunculoides Baldellia is a genus of aquatic plants commonly known as lesser water plantains . It includes two species found in Europe and occasionally in northern Africa . Baldellia is very close to Echinodorus botanically and may be included in that genus after further investigations. Description Leaves aerial, elliptical to lanceolate or linear lanceolate. Flowers hermaphrodite, in 1 3 whorls in umbels or racemes, or long pedunculate in leaf axils. Stamens 6. Carpels numerous, spirally arranged in a globose head, free, each with 1 ovule styles apical. Fruitlets achenial, longitudinally 5 ribbed 3 dorsal ribs and 2 closely approximated ventral ribs , with a short, apical beak. 2n 16. Variable in form according to ecological conditions. Species Baldellia ranunculoides L. Parl. Baldellia alpestris Cosson Vasc. Category Alismataceae genera Category Aquatic plants da S pryd es Baldellia fr Baldellia lt ilininkas pl abienica pt Baldellia ... more details
Image Ovule Gymno Angio en.svg thumb 300px Plant ovules with megasporocytes before meiosis Gymnosperm ovule on left, angiosperm ovule inside ovary on right Megaspores , also called macrospores , are a type of spore that is present in heterosporous plant s. These types of plants have two spore types, megaspores and microspore s. Generally speaking, the megaspore, or large spore, germinates into a female egg producing gametophyte, which is fertilized by sperm produced by the male gametophyte developing from the microspore. Plants which are known to do this include those in the following genera Selaginella the spikemosses, included within the lycopod , or clubmoss group Marsileaceae the water clovers, Marsilea , Pilularia , and Regnellidium Azolla in the Azollaceae , within the fern s Salvinia in the Salviniaceae , within the fern s gymnosperm s and flowering plant s Megasporogenesis In gymnosperms and flowering plants, the megaspore is produced inside the nucellus or embryo sac of the ovule . During megasporogenesis, a diploid precursor cell, the megasporocyte or megaspore mother cell, undergoes meiosis to produce initially four haploid cells the megaspores . ref name Estrada Lun cite journal title Beyond Promiscuity From Sexuality to Apomixis in Flowering Plants journal In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology. Plant date Mar. Apr., 2002 first A. A. last Estrada Luna coauthors W. Huanca Mamani, G. Acosta Garc a, G. Le n Mart nez, A. Becerra Flora, R. P rez Ru z and J. Ph. Vielle Calzada volume 38 issue 2 pages 146 151 id url http www.jstor.org stable 20065024 accessdate 2010 11 28 ref Angiosperms exhibit three patterns of megasporogenesis monosporic, bisporic, and tetrasporic, also known as the Polygonum type, the Alisma type, and the Drusa type, respectively. The monosporic pattern occurs most frequently 70 of angiosperms and is found in many economically and biologically important groups such as Brassicaceae e.g., Arabidopsis , Capsella , Brassica , Gramineae e.g. ... more details
Megagametogenesis is the development of a megaspore into an embryo sac, which is the gametophyte though a highly reduced one stage in the life cycle of vascular plants. Eudicots In eudicot plants, the entire process happens inside the ovule of a plant. The details of the process vary by species, but the process described here is common. This process starts with a single diploid megasporocyte in the nucleus. This megasporocyte undergoes meiotic cell division to form four cells that are haploid . Three cells die and one that is most distant from the micropyle develops into the megaspore. This megaspore becomes larger and the nucleus of it undergoes mitosis three times until there are eight nuclei. These eight nuclei are then arranged into two groups of four. These groups both send a nucleus to the center of the cell which then becomes the polar nuclei. The three cells left at the end of the cell near the micropylar become the egg apparatus with an egg cell in the center and two synergids. A cell wall forms around the other set of nuclei and forms the antipodals. The cells in the center develop into the central cell. This entire structure with its eight nuclei is called the embryo sac. Monocots Empty section date July 2010 See also Megaspore Microspore Gametophyte References Reflist 2 Raven,Peter H., Evert, Ray F., Eichhorn, Susan E. 2005 . Biology of Plants, 7th Edition . W. H. Freeman Chapter 19 442 449. Category Reproduction botany stub ... more details
taxobox image Scindapsus pictus 01.jpg image width 300px image caption Scindapsus pictus var. argyreus regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Alismatales familia Araceae subfamilia Monsteroideae tribus Monstereae genus Scindapsus Scindapsus is a genus of flowering plants in the Araceae family biology family consisting of close to 40 species. It is endemic to Asia , but can also be found in the Pacific island s. Scindapsus isn t easily distinguishable from Epipremnum . The main difference between the two genera is in the number of seeds they produce. Scindapsus species have one ovule in each ovary plant ovary whereas Epipremnum species have a few. The seeds of Scindapsus are rounded to slightly kidney shaped. The plants are primarily root climbing vines. Selected species Scindapsus aureus Scindapsus borneensis Scindapsus latifolius Scindapsus lucens Scindapsus pictus Scindapsus pothoides References Bown, Deni 2000 . Aroids Plants of the Arum Family ILLUSTRATED . Timber Press. ISBN 0 88192 485 7 Category Araceae genera Araceae stub roa rup Scindapsus es Scindapsus fr Scindapsus pl Scindapsus pt Scindapsus ru ... more details
Carpellody is a plant disorder that results in misshapen fruits caused by abnormal development of the ovule bearing part of the flower in angiosperms . ref name ctahr cite web title Factsheet Carpellody work An Illustrated Glossary of Tropical Plant Pest and Diseases author Scot C. Nelson publisher University of Hawaii College of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources url http www.ctahr.hawaii.edu nelsons glossary Carpellody.htm accessdate November 22, 2010 ref It is commonly called cat face and is specific to papaya s. Some fruits resemble female fruits, but the disorder can cause severely deformed fruits with deep longitudinal ridges. Fruits are generally more rounded and are unmarketable because of their small size and poor eye appeal. Causes Carpellodic fruits may be caused by low night temperatures combined with high moisture and high nitrogen levels. These factors may be what cause the stamen s to develop abnormally and develop into carpel like fleshy structures and cause the resulting deformed fruit. ref http semilladelcaribe.com.mx en archi miscdisor.pdf ref References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Categories Category Articles created via the Article Wizard Category Physiological plant disorders ... more details
File Fruchtknoten Polygonum Strasburger 1900 new.png thumb Diagram of a plant ovary. Pollen tubes are marked with ps . The pollen tube of most seed plants acts as a conduit to transport sperm cells from the pollen grain , either from the stigma in flowering plants or angiosperms to the ovules at the base of the pistil , or directly through ovule tissue in some gymnosperms conifers and gnetophytes . In other gymnosperms Ginkgo and cycads the pollen tube is involved only in nutrient uptake from ovule tissue by the pollen grain, and does not convey sperm cells to the egg. Like ferns, other basal land plants, and many algae, these gymnosperms have flagellate sperm, which swim through a watery fluid to fertilize the egg cells. In angiosperms the pollen tube germinates from the pollen grain and grows the entire length through the stigma botany stigma , style botany style , ovary botany ovary and ovules to reach the eggs. In maize , this single cell can grow longer than 12 inches to traverse the length of the pistil. The sperm cells by themselves are not motile and are carried within the tube. As the tip of the tube reaches a synergid, it bursts and releases two sperm cells leading to a double fertilization. One sperm unites with the egg cell to produce the embryo of a new plant, while a second sperm unites with the central cell polar nuclei to produce the endosperm of the seed. The endosperm is rich in starch, proteins and oils and is a major source of human food e.g., wheat, barley, rye, oats, corn Lipid s at the surface of the stigma stimulate pollen tube growth for compatible pollen. Plants that are self sterile inhibit the pollen grains from their own flowers from growing pollen tubes. The presence of multiple grains of pollen has been observed to stimulate quicker pollen tube growth in some plants. The number of pollen grains needed for pollination syngamy is equivalent to the number of ovules. One can look at a cut watermelon to identify the mature seeds that result ... more details
sac inside the ovule . The gametophyte cell closest to the micropyle opening of the embryo sac develops ... nucleus fuses with the egg nucleus. The resulting zygote develops into an embryo inside the ovule. The ovule in turn develops into a seed and in many cases the Ovary plants plant ovary develops into a fruit ... eu Obulu fa fr Ovule gl vulo ko hy hi hr Jajna stanica id Sel telur is Eggfruma ... more details
of the ovule of Kingia , which acts as a bridge to the following parts. ref name Brown 1826 ... ovule. He describes the standard arrangement in angiosperms the nucellus joined by the chalaza ... and gymnosperm s namely, that pollen grains are drawn into the ovule in gymnosperms, whereas in angiosperms ... the gymnosperm ovule at all is remarkable given the difficulty of finding the same with a modern ... more details
ovule s and pollen in different structures. Strobili bearing microsporangia are called microsporangiate ... producing only two ovules per strobilus and Gnetum a single ovule. gallery Image Welwitschia bug ... strobilus. Stamen s include microsporangia within the anther , and ovule s contained in carpel ... more details
eclampsia . Placentation in plants In flowering plant s, placentation occurs where the ovule s are attached ... Ovule Placenta References Reflist Category Plant reproduction Category Embryology ja ru ... more details
otheruses Image SixIonicOrders.jpg right thumb Examples of Ionic volutes. From Julien David LeRoy, Les ruines plus beaux des monuments de la Gr ce , Paris, 1758 Plate XX A volute is a spiral scroll like ornament that forms the basis of the Ionic order , found in the Capital architecture capital of the Ionic column. It was later incorporated into Corinthian order and Composite order Composite column capitals. Four are normally to be found on an Ionic capital, eight on Composite capitals and smaller versions sometimes called helix on the Corinthian capital. ref Volute . A Dictionary of Architecture and Landscape Architecture . James Stevens Curl. Oxford University Press 2006 ref The word derives from the Latin language Latin voluta scroll . It has been suggested that the ornament was inspired by the curve of a ram s horns, or perhaps was derived from the natural spiral of the ovule of a common species of clover native to Greece . Alternatively, it may simply be of geometry geometrical origins. ref Volute . The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Archaeology . Timothy Darvill. Oxford University Press, 2002 ref The ornament is used as an element of Renaissance and Baroque architecture and is a common decoration in furniture design, silver and ceramics. A method of drawing the complex geometry was devised by the ancient Ancient Rome Roman architect Vitruvius from classical buildings and structures. See also Arabesque European art Scrollwork References references Category Columns and entablature Category Ornaments Category Ancient Roman architecture be , be x old cs Voluta de Volute es Voluta fr Volute hr Voluta io Voluto it Voluta he lv Vol ta hu Voluta nl Voluut pl Woluta pt Voluta ro Volut ru sk Vol ta sr sh Voluta fi Voluutta sv Volut uk vls Voluut ... more details
for the Stag Line ship SS Clintonia taxobox name Bead Lilies Clintonia image Clintonia borealis, Minnesota.jpg image caption Clintonia borealis regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Liliales familia Liliaceae subfamilia Medeoloideae genus Clintonia genus authority Constantine Samuel Rafinesque Schmaltz Raf. subdivision ranks Species subdivision 5 or 6, see text The genus Clintonia contains the bead Lily lilies , which flower and then fruit into berry berries . Plant s of this genus are distributed across North America and eastern Asia . This genus was named after De Witt Clinton , an 18th century botanist and U.S. politician . The genus include plants without Plant stem stems , growing from underground rhizome s. They have elliptic, clasping leaves with parallel venation and flowers arranged in small umbel s. The flowers parts are by 6 tepal s, etamin s, ovule s. Their fruit is an ovoid berry. There are five or six ref http ucjeps.berkeley.edu cgi bin get JM treatment.pl?8349,8532 Jepson Manual Treatment ref species of Clintonia br Clintonia andrewsiana C. andrewsiana Clintonia borealis C. borealis Clintonia udensis C. udensis Clintonia umbellulata C. umbellulata Clintonia uniflora C. uniflora References reflist External links http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol CLINT USDA Plants Profile Category Liliaceae Category Liliales genera Liliales stub de Clintonia es Clintonia fr Clintonia pt Clintonia ... more details
italic title Taxobox name Cycas pruinosa status LC status system IUCN3.1 trend stable regnum Plant ae divisio Cycad ophyta classis Cycad opsida ordo Cycad ales familia Cycas Cycadaceae genus Cycas species C. pruinosa binomial Cycas pruinosa binomial authority Maconochie Cycas pruinosa is a small to medium species of cycad . It is a widespread but sporadic species in the eastern and southern Kimberley Western Australia Kimberley region of Western Australia , occurring also in the Spirit Hills on Bullo River station in the Northern Territory . This species is distinguished by its narrow glabrous leaf lets with strongly recurved margins its long, slender microsporangiate cones and its long megasporophylls with long, sterile apices. It has a stout, erect trunk, around 2.5 m tall and 30 cm diameter, which is crowned with arching frond s, distinctly curved from the apex and V shaped in cross section. Glaucous leaf wax es may be either present or absent, causing plants to be either blue or green in overall appearance. It is suited to tropics tropical regions which have a seasonally dry climate. This strikingly distinctive and widespread species was only first recognised in 1978 by Australian botanist John Maconochie. The specific name, pruinosa , means covered with powder and aptly describes the blue white ovule s of this plant. References IUCN2006 assessors Hill year 2003 id 41993 title Cycas pruinosa downloaded 10 May 2006 Category Cycas pruinosa Category Flora of the Northern Territory Category Flora of Western Australia Category Cycadophyta of Australia Category Least concern flora of Australia pt Cycas pruinosa ... more details
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