, an organelle IPAc en icon r n l is a specialized subunit within a cell biology cell that has ... organelle comes from the idea that these structures are to cells what an Organ anatomy organ is to the body hence the name organelle, the suffix elle being a diminutive . Organelles are identified by microscopy ... organula is appropriate. Cited after Oxford English Dictionary online, entry for organelle . ref ... take several years before organulum , or the later term organelle , became accepted and expanded ... oder Organellen findet wenigstens bei h heren Pflanzen nicht statt ref Around 1920, the term organelle was used to describe propulsion structures motor organelle complex , i.e., flagella and their anchoring ... s, the alternative organelle or product of structural build up had not yet been decided, without ..., 2. korrigierter Nachdruck 2003 , der 1. Aufl. von 2001 ref definition of organelle emerged ..., Albert Frey Wyssling suggested that the term organelle should refer only to structures that convert ... Frey Wyssling Concerning the concept Organelle . Experientia 34, 547 1978 . DOI 10.1007 BF01935984 ... consider the term organelle to be synonymous with cell compartment , other cell biologists choose to limit the term organelle to include only those that are DNA containing, having originated from formerly ... Archibald, Jm title Organelle evolution what s in a name? volume 18 issue 8 pages R345 7 journal Current ... of Cellular Organelles chapter Theory of Organelle Biogenesis A Historical Perspective year 2004 ..., some parts of the cell do not qualify as organelles. Nevertheless, the use of organelle to refer ... Organelle Main function Structure Organisms Notes chloroplast plastid photosynthesis , traps energy ... and cell components Organelle Macromolecule Main function Structure Organisms acrosome helps spermatoza ... center Prokaryotic organelles and cell components Organelle Macromolecule Main function Structure Organisms ... correlated with the organelle in which it resides. Some methods were proposed for predicting ... more details
Organelle biogenesis is the biogenesis , or creation, of organelle cellular organelles in Cell biology cells . Organelle biogenesis includes the process by which cellular organelles are split between daughter cells during mitosis this process is called organelle inheritance. ref name Mullins cite book last Mullins first Christopher title The Biogenesis of Cellular Organelles chapter Theory of Organelle Biogenesis A Historical Perspective year 2004 publisher Springer Science Business Media , National Institutes of Health isbn 0306479907 ref Discovery Following the discovery of cellular organelles in the nineteenth century, little was known about their function and synthesis until the development of electron microscopy and subcellular fractionation in the twentieth century. This allowed experiments on the function, structure, and biogenesis of these organelles to commence. Mechanisms of protein sorting and retrieval have been found to give organelles their characteristic composition. It is known ... processes are known to have developed for organelle biogenesis. These can range from de novo synthesis to the copying of a template organelle the formation of an organelle from scratch and using a preexisting organelle as a template to manufacture an organelle, respectively. The distinct structures of each organelle are thought to be caused by the different mechanisms of the processes which create ... during the process of cellular division known as organelle inheritance , where the organelle of the parent ... journal v8 n6 full nrm2179.html ref The process of organelle biogenesis is known to be regulated by specialized ... organellar proteins. In order for organelle biogenesis to be carried out properly, the specific genes ... sites of subcellular function, a defective organelle that fails to fulfill its tasks within ... Mechanisms of Organelle Biogenesis and Related Metabolic Diseases journal Med Princ Pract year 2005 ... to be caused by a fault in the process of organelle biogenesis. These may include mitochondrial biogenesis ... more details
like vault organelle. They also contain small vault RNA s vRNAs of 86 141 bases within. ref cite ... Vault Organelle Category Organelles it Vault ja zh ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A vesiculo vacuolar organelle is an organelle found in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells that line both tumor and normal blood vessel s. They help active transport actively transport fluid and cells across endothelial cells, contributing to the increase in vascular permeability that occurs during the process of inflammation . This kind of transport is mediated by Vascular endothelial growth factor VEGF , one of the chemical mediators of inflammation . Category Organelles Category Cardiovascular system circulatory stub ... more details
Orphan date December 2009 Localization of organelle proteins by isotope method tagging or LOPIT is a method for determining the subcellular localization of membrane protein s. see Dunkley et al. 2006 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci 103 17 p 6518 DEFAULTSORT Localization Of Organelle Proteins By Isotope Method Tagging Category Research methods Biology stub ... more details
Midbody may refer to The middle part of the body of an animal in zoology . Midbody cell biology , a transient organelle formed after mammalian cell division . disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Micronemes are cellular organs, or organelles , possessed by Apicomplexa protozoans. They are specialized secretory organelles important for gliding motility and host cell invasion. These organelles secrete several proteins such as Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen 1, or PfAMA1, and Erythrocyte family antigen, or EBA, family proteins. These proteins specialize in binding to erythrocyte surface receptors and facilitating erythrocyte entry. Only by this initial chemical exchange can the parasite enter into the erythrocyte via actin myosin motor complex. This is a crucial organelle for the P. falciparum parasite. It has been posited that this organelle works cooperatively with its counterpart organelle, the rhoptry, which also is a secretory organelle. It is possible that, while the microneme initiates erythrocyte binding, the rhoptry secretes proteins to create the PVM, or the Parasitophorous Vacuolar Membrane, in which the parasite can survive and reproduce. See also Dense granule Protist Category Parasitology Med stub ... more details
Cell structure may refer to An organelle , or the layout of organelles of the biological cell itself The structure of a covert cell , often involved in underground resistance, organised crime, terrorism or any group requiring stealth in its operations In mathematics, the structure of a cell complex disambig ... more details
unreferenced date November 2008 A membranelle is an organelle found in money s, formed by fused cilia . Most ciliates have a series of membranelles on the left side of the mouth, used in feeding they are particularly prominent in heterotrich s and spirotrich s. Category Organelles protist stub de Membranelle fr Membranelle ... more details
The Stieda body is an organelle located at the polar region of the sporocyst of some coccidia visible with electron microscopy. It appears as a knob like structure and is a plug occluding a hole in the sporocyst. The breakdown of this body allows excystation of the sporozoite s. Alveolata Chromalveolate diseases Category Parasites Category Apicomplexa ... more details
Pili may refer to Common names Pilus plural pili is a cellular organelle Pili, a Philippine Tree that is a source of the Pili nut Pili grass is a Hawaiian grass used to thatch structures Proper names Pili kaaiea is a Hawaiian chief, a founder of the Ulu line Pili, Camarines Sur is a municipality in the Philippines Pili, barangay in Danao City Pili TV series is a puppet show from Taiwan disambig de Pili fr Pili homonymie it Pili fi Pili t smennyssivu ... more details
Image Chinchinero.jpg thumb 300px Chinchinero. A Chinchinero is an urban street performer in Chile, usually a man or young boy, who plays a bass drum bass drum type percussion instrument with long drumsticks strapped to his back which also involves a rope with a noose tied around the performer s foot to play the cymbals which also form part of this improvised instrument. Said instrument has been invented and produced informally and can carry any rhythm or melody. The Chinchinero often works with an organillero , organelle player, possessing a hand operated organelle. ref cite book title Chile. Memorial de la tierra larga last Mu oz first Manuel Pe a year RIL Editores publisher Ed. Red Internacional del Libro RIL isbn 9789562840491 url http books.google.co.uk books?id 8OKY38LhklIC&pg PA243&dq Chinchinero&client firefox a&sig ACfU3U3ZVOtkp8QA9f6gYJGm7UpBdaJ2BQ accessdate 2008 09 28 page 243 ref While the organelle is played the Chinchinero plays and dances whatever the organelle is playing Foxtrot dance foxtrot , waltz , Tango dance tango , or cueca . These performers roam the streets and cities of Chile and even have even performed by invitation outside of the country as far as Europe. The foreign performances are coordinated by Chile s Department of Culture within the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Chile Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Chile . References reflist External links http www.chinchineros.cl Chinchineros.cl Category Busking Category Chilean culture Chile stub es Chinchinero ... more details
A phagolysosome is the membrane enclosed organelle which forms when a phagosome fuses with a lysosome . After fusion, the food particles or pathogens contained within the phagosome are usually digested by the enzymes contained within the lysosome. Phagolysosome formation follows phagocytosis . It is common in immunological functions of macrophage s and forms the home of several infectious agents including Leishmania . External links eMedicineDictionary Phagolysosome MeshName Phagolysosomes Organelles Category Organelles fr Phagolysosome pt Fagolisossoma ... more details
Eyespot can mean Eyespot mimicry , a color mark that looks somewhat like an eye Eyespot flatworm , a Sensory system sensory organ in flatworm s Eyespot apparatus , a photoreceptive organelle found in the flagellate motile cells unicellular photosynthetic organisms In diseases Eyespot wheat , a disease of wheat. Groundnut eyespot virus , a plant pathogenic virus Fish species Gourami Eyespot gourami Parasphaerichthys ocellatus Tetraodon biocellatus Eyespot pufferfish Tetraodon biocellatus Eyespot skate Atlantoraja cyclophora , a fish species disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Image Diagram of a human mitochondrion.png thumb 300px right Diagram of a human mitochondrion In genetics , a cytohet or heteroplasmon is a eukaryotic Cell biology cell whose cell nucleus non nucleic genome is heterozygous . The non nucleic genome of eukaryotic cells exists in cytoplasm ic organelle s, namely the chloroplast s only in plant cell s and the mitochondria in all eukaryotic cells . Most of the gene s in the mitochondria code for cellular respiration respiration related protein s, and most of the genes in the chloroplasts code for photosynthesis related proteins. The cytoplasmic genome, in contrast with the nucleic genome, exists in many copies in each cell each cell contains numerous mitochondria and or chloroplasts, and each such organelle contains multiple copies of its chromosome . Mutation s in the cytoplasmic genome occur spontanteously and at a much higher rate than in the nucleus, since the mitochondria and chloroplasts are exposed to high concentration s of reactive oxygen species ROS, by products of respiration and photosynthesis . Mitochondria and chloroplasts with mutant genes have the ability to cause wildtype allele s in other mitochondria and chloroplasts to become mutant as well the way in which this is done is still not clear. A certain cell in which a mutant gene exists only in some of the organelles, whereas the wildtype allele exists in the rest, is a cytohet or heteroplasmon . Category Mitochondrial genetics ... more details
The glycosome is a Biological membrane membrane enclosed organelle that contains the glycolysis glycolytic enzyme s. It is found in a few species of protozoa , most notably in the human pathogen ic trypanosomes , which can cause African trypanosomiasis sleeping sickness and Chagas s disease , and Leishmania . The organelle is bounded by a single membrane and contains a dense proteinaceous matrix. It is believed to have evolved from the peroxisome . ref cite journal author Parsons M title Glycosomes parasites and the divergence of peroxisomal purpose journal Mol Microbiol volume 53 issue 3 pages 717 24 year 2004 pmid 15255886 doi 10.1111 j.1365 2958.2004.04203.x ref This has been verified by work done on Leishmania genetics. ref Flaspohler, J.A., W.L. Rickoll, S.M. Beverley, and M. Parsons. 1997. Functional identification of a Leishmania gene related to peroxin 2 reveals common ancestry of glycosomes and peroxisomes. Mol. Cell. Biol. 17 3 1093 1101. ref The glycosome is currently being researched as a possible target for drug therapies. References references organelles Protist Category Glycolysis Category Cell biology Category Organelles biology stub uk ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Elaioplasts are a type of leucoplast which is specialized for the storage of lipids in plants. Elaioplasts house oil body deposits as rounded plastoglobuli, which are essentially fat droplets. Being a variety of leucoplast, elaioplasts are non pigmented and fall into the much broader organelle category of plant plastid s. A different example of a storage specialized leucoplast is the amyloplast . Compare Image Plastids types en.svg left 220px Plastid Chloroplast and etioplast Chromoplast Leucoplast Amyloplast Proteinoplast br clear all Category Plant cells Cell biology stub de Elaioplast fr Ol oplaste it Elaioplasto nl Elaioplast pl Elajoplast zh ... more details
Golgi may refer to Camillo Golgi 1843 1926 , Italian physician and scientist after which the following terms are named Golgi apparatus also called the Golgi body, Golgi complex, or dictyosome , an organelle in the eukaryotic cell Golgi tendon organ , a proprioceptive sensory receptor organ Golgi s method or Golgi stain, a nervous tissue staining technique Golgi alpha mannosidase II , an enzyme Golgi cell , a type of interneuron found in the cerebellum Golgi I , a nerve cell with a long axon Golgi II , a nerve cell with a short or no axon Golgi crater , a lunar impact crater C rteno Golgi , an Italian village disambig ca Golgi desambiguaci it Golgi zh ... more details
A synaptosome is an isolated terminal of a neuron . Synaptosomes are obtained after Homogenization biology homogenization and fractionation of nerve tissue. The fractionation step involves several centrifugation s to separate various organelle s from the synaptosomes. Synaptosomes are formed from the phospholipid layer of the cell membrane and synaptic protein s such as Receptor biochemistry receptors . Synaptosomes are commonly used to study synaptic transmission because they contain the molecular machinery necessary for the uptake, storage, and release of neurotransmitters and because they are relatively easy to prepare in the laboratory. External links MeshNumber A11.284.835.859 Synaptosomes Cell biology stub pl Synaptosom Category Neurology ... more details
GER or Ger may refer to Great Eastern Railway , a British railway company formed in 1862 The list of IOC country codes Olympic and List of FIFA country codes FIFA country code for GER Great Eastern Run , a running event in Peterborough , United Kingdom endoplasmic reticulum Granular endoplasmic reticulum , a cell organelle Gross enrolment ratio , a statistical measure used in the education sector and by the UN Gastroesophageal reflux, a less severe form of gastroesophageal reflux disease Gap Excess Ratio, a statistical measure in evolutionary biology for the congruence of tree topology with stratigraphic occurrence Rafael Cabrera Airport IATA code GER disambig fr GER lv GER ja GER ... more details
orphan date September 2010 It is a DNA contained in organelle s, outside the cell nucleus nucleus of eukaryote Eukaryotic cells . Examples mitochondria contain mitochondrial DNA plastid s e.g., chloroplasts contain plastid DNA Structure Unlike nuclear DNA , which is present as linear molecule s inside the chromosome s, organellar DNA is present as circular molecules of high copy number. Also, because organelles are uniparentally inherited in many organisms, so is their organellar DNA. See also Nuclear DNA Category DNA biology stub ar ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A Berkeley Body is an organelle unique to yeast cells with a secretory mutation in the genes ARFGEF2 sec7 and SEC14L5 sec14 . The Berkeley Body itself consists of two enclosed membranes forming an enclosed lumen, which contains cytoplasm. It was discovered in 1980 by Novick and Schekman. ref Peter Novick, Charles Field and Randy Schekman. Identification of 23 Complementation Groups Required for Post translational Events in the Yeast Secretory Pathway. Cell , Vol. 21, 205 215, August, 1980. ref References references biology stub Category Microbiology Category Organelles ... more details
Jennifer Lippincott Schwartz is the Principal Investigator of the Section on Organelle Biology in the Cell Biology and Metabolism Program, in the Division of Intramural Research in the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development at the National Institutes of Health . Notes http lippincottschwartzlab.nichd.nih.gov Lab Website http cbmp.nichd.nih.gov Program Website http www.ascb.org index.cfm?navid 110&id 1369&tcode nws3 American Society for Cell Biology Biolography DEFAULTSORT Lippincott Schwartz, Jennifer Category Living people Category Year of birth missing living people Category American biologists Category National Institutes of Health faculty What, no categories? scientist stub ... more details
orphan date August 2009 Wikify date August 2009 The pre portion refers to a signal sequence signal peptide which directs the enzyme to a specific organelle or subcellular localization. The pro portion indicates that the enzyme is present in an inactive form and requires modification eg. cleavage for activation. See also Protein precursor Zymogen Sources Braun P, de Groot A, Bitter W, Tommassen J. 1998. Secretion of elastinolytic enzymes and their propeptides by Pseudomonas aeruginosa . J Bacteriol. 1998 180 13 3467 9. PMID 9642203 Category Enzymes ... more details
Nuclear gene is a gene located in the cell nucleus of an eukaryote . The term is used to distinguish nuclear gene s from the gene s in the mitochondrion , or in case of plants, also the chloroplast , which host their own genetic system and can produce proteins from scratch. The term gene most often refers to nuclear genes. Nuclear genes include the original genes of the eukaryotes. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are thought to have originated from Symbiosis symbiotic bacteria that are now so integrated to their host cell biology cell s that they function as integral cell components or organelle s. ref http www.ijdb.ehu.es web paper.php?doi 10.1387 ijdb.051997el Enrique Lopez Juez and Kevin A. Pyke Plastids unleashed their development and their integration in plant development Int. J. Dev. Biol. 49 557 577 2005 Free full text ref ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?db pubmed&cmd Retrieve&dopt AbstractPlus&list uids 12871231&query hl 5&itool pubmed DocSum Hoffmeister M, Martin W Interspecific evolution microbial symbiosis, endosymbiosis and gene transfer. Environ Microbiol. 2003 Aug 5 8 641 9. ref Both of these organelle s still retain a small genome . Most of the organelles protein s are products of nuclear genes. Many of these genes have been moved to the nucleus during evolution. These proteins are produced in the cytoplasm like all nuclear gene products and then transported to the organelle. An example of the DNA sequence and structure of a plant nuclear gene can be found eukaryotic gene example here . References references Category Genetics Category Molecular biology genetics stub ... more details
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