Fodinichnia pron en f d n kni are trace fossils formed by deposit feeders as they excavate the sediment in search of food ref Allaby A & Allaby M 1999 Oxford Dictionary of Earth Sciences. ref . They tend to have repeated patterns e.g. Chondrites or spreites e.g. Rhizocorallium , the shape reflecting the systematic feeding strategy used by the organism as it scours the sediment. Deposit feeding often results in structures with no overlapping parts, as the deposit feeder optimises its nourishment intake by avoiding going over the same area more than once. This avoidance behavior is called phobotaxis. The shape of fodinichnia can yield evidence of the Sedimentary depositional environment depositional environment of the sediment in which they were made. For example, a trace with highly sinuous branches may reflect nutrient poor conditions where the organism needed to ingest more sediment in order to acquire the same amount of nutriment that a straighter branch in a nutrient rich environment would. Usage Fodinichnia is a plural term the singular is fodinichnion . References reflist See also Trace fossil Trace fossil classification Category Trace fossils trace fossil stub ... more details
taxobox name Hygrophila difformis image Hygrophila difformis.jpg regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Lamiales familia Acanthaceae genus Hygrophila plant Hygrophila species H. difformis binomial Hygrophila difformis binomial authority Blume 1826 synonyms Ruellia difformis br Synnema triflorum Hygrophila difformis , commonly known as water wisteria though it is not closely related to true wisteria , is an aquatic plant in the Acanthaceae acanthus family . It is found in marshy habitats on the Indian subcontinent in Bangladesh , Bhutan , India and Nepal . It grows to a height of 20 50 cm with a width of 15 to 25 cm. Fact date October 2007 Cultivation Water wisteria is easy to grow and as such it is a very popular plant for the tropical aquarium . It grows best in good light with a nutriment rich water and substrate and it benefits from additional CO sub 2 sub . It can be easily propagated from cuttings. Fact date October 2007 External links http www.aquahobby.com garden e difformis.php Aquahobby http naturalaquariums.com plants hygrodifformis.html Natural Aquariums Category Hygrophila Category Flora of Asia Category Aquatic plants Category Invasive plant species de Indischer Wasserstern es Hygrophila difformis no Hygrophila difformis ru ... more details
Dionysius of Chalcedon floruit fl. 320 BC ref Tiziano Dorandi, Chapter 2 Chronology , in Algra et al. 1999 The Cambridge History of Hellenistic Philosophy , page 47. Cambridge. ref was a Greek philosophy Greek philosopher and dialectician connected with the Megarian school . He was a native of Chalcedon on the coast of Bithynia . ref Diogenes La rtius, ii. 106 Strabo, xii. 4. 9 ref Dionysius was the person who first used the name Dialecticians to describe a splinter group within the Megarian school because they put their arguments into the form of question and answer. ref Diogenes La rtius, ii. 106 ref One area of activity for the dialecticians was the framing of definition s, ref Dialectical School entry in the Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy 1998 ref and Aristotle criticises a definition of life by Dionysius in his Topics Aristotle Topics ref Aristotle, Topics vi. 10 ref blockquote This is, moreover, what happens to Dionysius definition of life when stated as a movement of a creature sustained by nutriment, congenitally present with it blockquote Dionysius is also reported to have taught Theodorus the Atheist . ref Diogenes La rtius, ii. 98 ref Notes Reflist Megarian philosophy Category 4th century BC Greek people Category 4th century BC philosophers Category Ancient Chalcedonians Category Ancient Greek philosophers Category Megarian philosophers ca Dion s de Bit nia fi Dionysios Khalkedonilainen ... more details
italic title taxobox name Alternanthera reineckii image Alternanthera reineckii.jpg regnum Plant ae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Core eudicots ordo Caryophyllales familia Amaranthaceae genus Alternanthera species A. reineckii binomial Alternanthera reineckii binomial authority August Heinrich Rudolf Grisebach Griseb. synonyms Alternanthera cardinalis br Telanthera osiris Alternanthera reineckii is a species of aquatic plant . Several cultivars are used in the aquarium trade. This is a small herbaceous plant, which when living in marsh conditions has two forms emergent in which case the plant has grown out of the water or on the ground , and submersed in which case the plant has grown underwater . The leaves have a wide cross shape, lance late to elliptic, and they get thinner where the leafstalk should be, or they have a very short leafstalk. They are 1.5 inches 4cm length and 0.6 inches 15mm wide. The upper part of the leave is dark green to olive green, and the lower part is light green to light carroty. The total plant can reach up to 22 inches 55.8cm in good conditions and can grow out of the water in suitable conditions. A wide variety of leaf colour forms are available, eg. Pink roseafolia lilacina but these seem to be at least partially influenced by light intensity. Cultivation in aquariums it can be difficult. Needs a very bright light, a good substrate, nutriment rich water and additional CO sub 2 sub . Propagation is by cuttings, though it can be grown from seed. When purchasing for the aquarium get plants that have been raised submerse. It tolerates a wide range of temperates down to about 63F 17C and doesn t seem to be fussy as to water conditions. Cuttings can be left to float until they form roots and then planted in the substrate. External references http www.tropica.dk productcard 1.asp?id 023 Tropica Category Alternanthera Category Flora of South America Category Aquatic plants es Alternanthera reineckii fr A ... more details
taxobox name Giant Hygro image Hygrophila corymbosa siamensis.JPG image caption Hygrophila corymbosa in an aquarium regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Lamiales familia Acanthaceae genus Hygrophila animal Hygrophila species H. corymbosa binomial Hygrophila corymbosa binomial authority Lindau synonyms Nomaphila stricta Hygrophila corymbosa , commonly known as temple plant , starhorn or giant hygro , is an aquatic plant in the Acanthaceae acanthus family . It is native to South East Asia , but is grown worldwide in tropical aquariums. The plant naturally grows as an emergent, but it can survive long periods fully submerged. citation needed date October 2007 Cultivation Hygrophila corymbosa is a fast growing plant that can be frequently trimmed back. It prefers a well lit situation, a nutriment rich water and compost, and benefits from additional CO sub 2 sub . If it is allowed to grow out of the aquarium, it will bear purple scented flowers, often causing the lower leaves to drop. The plant is adaptable to a variety of water conditions. There are several forms in the aquarium trade such as red , siamensis and many others, that seem to be mainly ecological variants. citation needed date October 2007 It can be easily propagated by taking cuttings and planting them in the substrate. The plant is reported to be useful for absorbing ammonium and nitrates and helping to fight algal growth. citation needed date October 2007 External links commons inline http plants.usda.gov java profile?symbol HYCO8 USDA Plant Profile http www.aquahobby.com garden e corymbosa.php Aquahobby http www.tropica.dk productcard 1.asp?id 053 Tropica http www.malawicichlidhomepage.com aquainfo hygrohila corymbosa.html Hygrophila corymbosa Siamensis illustrated Category Hygrophila Category Aquatic plants es Hygrophila corymbosa ... more details
nofootnotes date March 2010 taxobox name Lilaeopsis cordifolius image Lilaeopsis brasiliensis flower 3 .jpg image description Flowers of Lilaeopsis brasiliensis grown indoor image caption Flowers of Lilaeopsis brasiliensis regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Apiales familia Apiaceae or Umbelliferae genus Lilaeopsis species L. brasiliensis binomial Lilaeopsis brasiliensis binomial authority Affolter 1985 Common names Micro Sword Synonyms Craztzia brasiliensis Commonly sold as L. novae zelandiae a true species from New Zealand but it doesn t yet seem to have been introduced into the aquarium trade. Origins found in South America Description A short stemmed plant with pale green leaves that in the right conditions form a short carpet. Reaches a height of from about 1.5 3 inches 4 7 cm . Cultivation Used in the foreground of the aquarium . To grow well it needs a very bright light, and a tropical temperature range. It prefers a good Substrate aquarium substrate , a nutriment rich water and will benefit from additional CO2. According to Tropica it will tolerate some salt in the water. Slow growing. Propagates from runners which are readily formed but it can take some time to form the mat effect desired in planted aquariums . References Affolter, J. M. 1985. A monograph of the genus Lilaeopsis Umbelliferae . Syst. Bot. Monogr. 6 38. External links http www.tropica.com productcard 1.asp?id 040 Tropica http www.aquahobby.com garden e lilaebras.php AquaHobby http aquarium journal.com 2007 05 micro sword lilaeopsis brasiliensis.html Aquarium Journal Category Apiaceae Category Aquatic plants Apiaceae stub ... more details
italic title taxobox name Echinodorus uruguayensis regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Monocots ordo Alismatales familia Alismataceae genus Echinodorus species E. uruguayensis binomial Echinodorus uruguayensis binomial authority Arech. in Anal. Mus. Hist. Nat. Montevideo, 4 66, 1903 In Rataj s taxonomy E. uruguayensis is in Section Uruguayensii, Subgenus Echinodorus Synonyms E. subulatus Niederlein E. martii var. uruguayensis Arech. Hauman E. grandiflorus In the aquarium trade E. horemanii seems often to be really E. uruguayensis. Distribution South Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina & Chile Description Submersed leaves 5 30 50 cm long, blades ribbon shaped, green or darkly red brown having undulate margins, 9 20 30 cm long x 1 2 3 cm wide, trimmed with distinct pellucid lines. Emersed leaves rare, 20 50 cm long, petioles longer than the blades. Blades regularly ovate or oval, on the tip blunt, 7.5 13 cm long x 2 4.5 cm wide, having distinct pellucid lines. Srem upright or deflexed, 20 30 45 cm long, proliferous. Inflorescence racemose, rarely branching in the lower whorl, having 2 4 6 whorls containing 6 12 flowers each. Bracts lanceolate, usually shorter than the pedicels, shallowly connate, 1 1.5 cm long. Pedicels 1.5 2 3 cm long. Corolla flower Corolla white, 1 1.5 cm in diameter, stamens 18, achenes 1 1.5 mm long, having usually 3 glands in oblique row in the upper part of the body. Distinct varieties are sold in the trade which may or may not be this plant. Young growth is often reddish in colour. Often confused with E. maior . Cultivation Not often available, which is a pity as it is well suited to submerse growth. Can be propagated by division, though ittends to grow slowly. Not fussy as to water conditions and will grow in sub tropical temperatures, in which it seems to bloom more readily. Likes a nutriment rich substrate and good light levels. Additional CO sub 2 sub helps growth. It will bloom readily if grown emerse, but takes a while to ... more details
About the proposed mechanism of heredity the internal buds of freshwater sponges Gemmule Unreferenced date March 2010 Gemmules were imagined particles of inheritance proposed by Charles Darwin as part of his Pangenesis theory. This appeared in his book The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication , published in 1868, nine years after the publication of his famous book On the Origin of Species . Gemmules, also called plastitudes or Pangenesis pangenes , were assumed to be shed by the organs of the body and carried in the bloodstream to the reproductive organs where they accumulated in the germ cells or gametes . They thus provided a possible mechanism for the inheritance of acquired characteristics, as proposed by Jean Baptiste Lamarck , which Darwin believed to be a cause of the observed variation in living organisms. This was prior to Gregor Mendel s discovery of the Mendelian inheritance particulate nature of inheritance becoming common knowledge among biologist s after their rediscovery in 1900. Quotes from The Variation of Plants and Animals under Domestication 1868 , Charles Darwin blockquote It is universally admitted that the cells or units of the body increase by self division, or proliferation, retaining the same nature, and that they ultimately become converted into the various tissues and substances of the body. But besides this means of increase I assume that the units throw off minute granules which are dispersed throughout the whole system that these, when supplied with proper nutriment, multiply by self division, and are ultimately developed into units like those from which they were originally derived. These granules may be called gemmules. They are collected from all parts of the system to constitute the sexual elements, and their development in the next generation forms the new being but they are likewise capable of transmission in a dormant state to future generations and may then be developed. blockquote from Charles Darwin The Power o ... more details
taxobox regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Lamiales familia Plantaginaceae genus Bacopa species B. caroliniana binomial Bacopa caroliniana binomial authority Walt. B.L. Robins Common names Giant Red Bacopa Lemon Bacopa Water Hyssop Synonyms Bacopa amplexicaulis Obolaria caroliniana Herpestes amplexicaulis Herpestes caroliniana Distribution It commonly grows in marshy areas in the southern United States Description A Perennial plant perennial , creeping herb . The Leaf leaves of this plant are succulent, smell of lemon if crushed, and relatively thick. Leaves are oblanceolate and are arranged oppositely on the stem. The flower s are blue, with five petals. Grows to 50 100 cm. It will grow above the water if given the chance with similar but waxy leaves and will even flower underwater occasionally, though the flowers soon rot. Emerse flowers don t seem to set seed on their own so it probably requires cross pollination . Cultivation Its ability to grow in water makes it a popular aquarium plant. It can even grow in slightly brackish conditions. Propagation is through cuttings. Grows easily in the aquarium . The colour of the leaves will vary, depending on the amount of light. The leaves will turn bronze or even almost red under high light levels. In the wild it grows in bog or semi submersed conditions, adapting well if flooded and fully submerged. It can be grown in or by the pond in warmer states or in shallow dishes or as a house plant if kept sufficiently damp and will grow all year round, but is frost tender though it will normally grow back from the roots if damaged and appreciates a light shade. In the aquarium it needs good lighting to grow strongly but will survive in even fairly low light levels. Prefers a clean, nutriment rich environment. ref Gesting Berti, Nature and Aquarium, Bioplast ref Bioluminescence When gold nanoparticles were introduced into Bacopa caroliniana plants they caused the chl ... more details
taxobox name Hygrophila polysperma image Hygrophila polysperma.JPG image caption Hygrophila polysperma in an aquarium regnum Plantae unranked divisio Angiosperms unranked classis Eudicots unranked ordo Asterids ordo Lamiales familia Acanthaceae genus Hygrophila plant Hygrophila species H. polysperma binomial Hygrophila polysperma binomial authority Anderson synonyms Justicia polysperma Hemidelphis polysperma Hygrophila polysperma , commonly known as dwarf hygrophila , dwarf hygro , Miramar, Florida Miramar weed or Indian waterweed , is an aquatic plant in the Acanthaceae acanthus family . It is native to India and Malaysia , and has also been introduced to the US states of Florida , Texas and possibly Virginia . ref name fl Citation last Langeland first K.A. author link last2 Burks first2 K. Craddock author2 link title Identification and Biology of Non Native Plants in Florida s Natural Areas place Gainesville, Florida publisher University of Florida year 1998 url http plants.ifas.ufl.edu hygpol.pdf isbn ref It is listed on the Federal Noxious Weed Act of 1974 Federal Noxious Weed List in the US and is illegal to import and sell in a number of states including Kansas ref name Kansas citation last Polanski first Adrian J. title Federal Noxious Weed Quarantine year 2004 publisher Kansas Department of Agriculture url http www.ksda.gov includes document center plant protection Laws 20and 20Quarantines FedNXQuarantine.pdf format dead link date June 2010 ref and South Carolina . ref name SC Citation title Aquatic Nuisance Species Program Illegal Aquatic Plants publisher South Carolina Department of Resources url http www.dnr.sc.gov water envaff aquatic img hygrophila.pdf ref Cultivation and uses Indina waterweed first appeared in the aquarium trade in 1945 under the name oriental ludwigia . ref name fl It is easy to grow and as such a very popular plant for the tropical aquarium. It will grow even faster in good light, a nutriment rich water substrate and it benefits from ... more details
spitting assassin spitting spitting in nasty spitting Insectivorous nutriment species encounter Charles to br Are species species are species species insectivorous nutriment species Selected works The Twin ... more details
Vijnana IAST vi a The arising origin of nutriment is due to the arising of Tanha craving . The cessation of nutriment is the cessation of craving. The way leading to the cessation of nutriment is the Noble Eightfold Path. Understanding nutriment, its origin, cessation and the way leading to its cessation ... food nourishes the rupa materiality . Understanding this nutriment leads to understanding the lust ... this nutriment leads to understanding the three feelings. Mental volition nourishes the three kinds of being sense sphere, fine material and immaterial beings . Understanding this nutriment ... materiality of Rebirth Buddhism rebirth linking. Understanding this nutriment leads to understanding ... more details
Buddhism The Aggi Vacchagotta Sutta is a Buddhist S tra sutta in the Majjhima Nikaya of the Tripitaka . In this sutta, Gautama Buddha clarifies his views on the nature of existence and explains the nature of nirvana to Vacchagotta by means of a simile . Nirvana is compared to an extinguished fire , a common theme in Buddhist thought. The thicket of views Vacchagotta first asks the Buddha whether he holds particular views on the extent of the cosmos , the relationship between dualism philosophy of mind mind and body , and the nature of a Tathagata s existence after death. To all the questions, Gautama Buddha simply replies he does not hold such views. Vacchagotta expresses confusion at this answer and asks why the Buddha takes no position regarding his questions. The Buddha explains that each question leads to an unresolvable thicket of View Buddhism views which will cause suffering and distress if investigated. Because such investigation cannot lead to enlightenment Buddhism enlightened understanding and nirvana, the Buddha takes no position on these subjects. The Tathagata is released due to true discernment and cessation of clinging Buddhism clinging . Nirvana Vacchagotta questions further. Where does the monk who has been released reappear? The following exchange results Reappear, Vaccha, doesn t apply. In that case, Master Gotama, he does not reappear. Does not reappear, Vaccha, doesn t apply. ...both does & does not reappear. ...doesn t apply. ...neither does nor does not reappear. ...doesn t apply. Vacchagotta s confusion increases. The Buddha asks him in which direction a fire goes when it has gone out. Vaccha replies that the question does not fit the case ... For the fire that depended on fuel ... when that fuel has all gone, and it can get no other, being thus without nutriment, it is said to be extinct. The Buddha then explains In exactly the same way ..., all form by which one could predicate the existence of the saint, all that form has been abandoned, ... more details
Y, Balogh A, et al. title A medical nutriment has supportive value in the treatment of colorectal ... positive breast cancer cells is enhanced by a medical nutriment journal Cancer Biother. Radiopharm ... more details
otheruses Image Stroopwafel syrup gouda.jpg thumb 275px A Cooking pot pot of syrup used to make stroopwafel s In cooking , a syrup from Arabic lang ar sharab , beverage, via Latin siropus is a thick, viscous liquid consisting primarily of a solution of sugar in water, containing a large amount of dissolved sugars but showing little tendency to deposit crystal s. The viscosity arises from the multiple hydrogen bond s between the dissolved sugar, which has many hydroxyl OH groups, and the water . Syrups can be made by dissolving sugar in water or by reduction cooking reducing naturally sweet juices such as sugarcane cane juice, sweet sorghum sorghum juice, or maple syrup maple sap. Corn syrup is made from corn starch using an enzymatic process that converts it to sugars. Technically and scientifically, the term syrup is also employed to denote viscous, generally residual, liquids, containing substances other than sugars in solution. Pharmaceutical syrup Non medicated syrup The syrup employed as a base for medicinal purposes consists of a concentrated or saturated solution of refined sugar in distilled water. The simple syrup of the British Pharmacopoeia is prepared by adding 1 kg of refined sugar to 500 mL of boiling distilled water, heating until it is dissolved and subsequently adding boiling distilled water until the weight of the whole is 1.5 kg. The specific gravity of the syrup should be 1.33. This is a 66 Brix solution. Medicated syrup Composition of medicated syrups Medicated syrups are aqueous solutions containing sugar and at least one water soluble active ingredient . The sugar is mainly used to Preserve the finished product Aid in masking the unpleasant taste of the active ingredient s Enhance the flavour. The concentration of sugar must approach but not quite reach the super saturation point the sugar concentration should be between 65 and 67 in weight. A lower percentage of sugar makes the syrup an excellent nutriment for yeast and other m ... more details
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