Unreferenced date December 2009 Cleanup rewrite date February 2010 In object oriented programming with Class computer science class es, an instance variable is a variable programming variable defined in a class i.e. a member variable , for which each Object computer science object of the class has a separate copy. They live in memory for the life of the object. An instance variable is the opposite of class variable , and it is a special type of instance member . An example of an instance variable is private double length Technically speaking, instance variables are objects stored in individual states in non static fields , that is, fields declared without the static keyword. Non static fields are also known as instance variables because their values are unique to each instance of a class to each object, in other words the currentSpeed of one bicycle is independent from the currentSpeed of another. Simper definition is instance variables are things an object knows about itself. ....... DEFAULTSORT Instance Variable Category Object oriented programming Category Variable computer programming Compu prog stub es Variable de instancia it Variabile di istanza ja ... more details
Musicians Name Instance Img Instancevx.jpg Img capt Instance Img size Landscape Background solo singer Birth name Alex Garcia Curbelo Alias Instance, VX, Propaganda, Comeback Kid Born 01 April ... instancevx Notable instruments Alex Garcia Curbelo , better known as Instance aka VX is a UK ... in 1 April 1983, Instance spent his early childhood in Stratford and Bow before moving with his mother ... home.html Ricardo Curbelo . After leaving school Instance moved to Leeds. At 18 instance was offered ... . ref Cite web author A Severs title Instance Speaks on Demographic url http www.britishhiphop.co.uk ..., grime and dubstep genres. Instance established an underground following despite the album only selling ... deal. In late 2008, Instance acquired a 50 share of Leeds hip hop label Crackhouse Recordings ... Around this time Instance began promoting nights in Leeds. Events such as Crack Daniels and Crack2the ... this time Instance announced new signings to the Crackhouse line up such as El D, No Change and hip hop ska band http www.myspace.com chinashopbulluk China Shop Bull . In September 2008 Instance ... Course, Instance featured heavily on a second Crackhouse Subterrania mixtape on Vol.2 Heavy Rotation ... co owners PCP and Instance announced the launch of www.crackhouseglobal.com which sells and distributes ... State of Mynde. On March 26, 2010, Instance performed live with fellow label artists to celebrate the 10th Anniversary of Crackhouse at The Elbow Room, Leeds. Instance is currently recording his second ... are Mike D, Organised Mess, Kelakovski, and Jack Danz of Defenders of Style. Instance is an accomplished ... and currently lives in London, England. Amongst numerous live performances Instance has supported ... instance crack house recordings http www.britishhiphop.co.uk reviews album reviews instance demographic ... see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Vx, Instance ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1983 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Vx, Instance Category 1983 births Category ... more details
infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name A Modern Instance title orig translator image prefer 1st ed. cover image caption author William Dean Howells illustrator cover artist country United States language English language English series genre Novel publisher J. R. Osgood & Co. pub date 1882 english pub date media type Print Hardcover pages 514 pp isbn NA 1st ed. published before ISBN system preceded by followed by A Modern Instance, is a novel written by William Dean Howells . Summary The novel explores the deterioration of what could have been an otherwise healthy marriage through Industry industrial enterprise and Capitalism capitalistic greed . The story chronicles the rise and fall of the romance between Bartley Hubbard and Marcia Gaylord, who migrate from Equity, Maine to Boston, Massachusetts following their marriage. The reader believes at the beginning of the story that their love for each other is unbreakable, but as the plot advances, more and more troubles arise, alienating the couple. Soon their entire marriage collapses, inundated with problems from a wide array of areas. Marcia Hubbard, lost and desolate in the gloom of her husband s abandonment, is offered solace in the comforting touch of her friend Ben Halleck, who secretly is attracted to her. However, he worries that she may reject him, unable to move on from her previous partner. The story concludes in a meaningless vortex of solitude isolation representing modern society. Marcia Hubbard, still attached to Bartley, confines herself to her father s home in Equity, Maine, from which she never leaves. Bartley, on the other hand, has died. Ben Halleck stands hesitantly ... A Modern Instance is regarded as one of the most pivotal works in the career of William Dean Howells ... could be modeled on Howells friend Mark Twain ref Myrtle M. Duffy. Twain in Howells A Modern Instance ... reflist DEFAULTSORT Modern Instance, A Category 1882 novels Category Realism art movement Novel ... more details
Refimprove date August 2010 In massively multiplayer online game s, an instance is a special area, typically a dungeon games dungeon , that generates a new copy of the location for each group, or for certain amount of players, that enters the area. ref name Carless cite book title Gaming hacks author Simon Carless year 2004 publisher O Reilly Media isbn 9780596007140 page 112 quote A term used to describe a private portion of a gameworld created just for an individual or group of players. ref Instancing, the general term for the use of this technique, ref name Carless addresses several problems encountered by players in the shared spaces of virtual world s. It is not widely known when instances were first used in this genre, however The Realm Online 1996 is sometimes credited as introducing the concept. Design considerations Rquote right Single player games are great, and I love them. They have a great feature. Your life is very special. You are the hero and you get to save the whole world ... surrounded by other players, as in a multiplayer setting. Instance dungeons may contain ... and or restrict the number of players allowed in each instance to balance gameplay. Several games use ... interactions between players and objects. Because the player character s in the instance do not need to be updated on all the information going on outside the instance, and vice versa for the characters outside the instance, there is an overall decrease in demands on the network, with the net ... can better reason about the worst case performance requirements in an instance because they do ... instance dungeons. However, it is envisioned that, through the Advanced Encounter System AES , certain ... 2010 DEFAULTSORT Instance Dungeon Category Video game gameplay Category Massively multiplayer online role playing games Category Competitive video gaming cs Instance MMORPG de Instanz Computerspiel fr Donjon instanci it Instance pl Instancja MMORPG fi Instanssi luolasto sv Instans datorspel zh ... more details
infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name An Instance of the Fingerpost title orig translator image Image Aninstanceofthefingerpost.jpg 200px image caption author Iain Pears cover artist country United Kingdom language English language English series genre Historical novel Historical , Mystery novel Mystery publisher Jonathan Cape release date 1997 in literature September 1997 media type Print Hardcover & Paperback pages 500 pp First edition hardcover isbn ISBN 0 224 04466 4 oclc 37781458 preceded by Preceding novel in series followed by Following novel in series An Instance of the Fingerpost is a 1997 historical mystery novel by Iain Pears . Synopsis A murder in 17th century Oxford is related from the contradictory point of view literature points of view of four of the characters, all of them unreliable narrator s. The setting of the novel is 1663, just after the English Restoration restoration of the monarchy following the English Civil War , when the authority of Charles II of England King Charles II is not yet settled, and conspiracies abound. Most of the characters are historical figures. Two of the narrators are the mathematician John Wallis and the historian Anthony Wood . Other characters include the philosopher John Locke , the scientists Robert Boyle and Richard Lower physician Richard Lower , spymaster John Thurloe , and inventor Samuel Morland . The plot is at first centred on the death of Robert Grove academic Robert Grove ref http thepeerage.com p31194.htm i311935 thePeerage.com ref but later takes in the conspiracies of John Mordaunt, 1st Viscount Mordaunt John Mordaunt and William Compton army officer William Compton ... references DEFAULTSORT Instance Category 1997 novels Instance of the Fingerpost, An Category English novels Instance of the Fingerpost, An Category Mystery novels Instance of the Fingerpost, An Category Historical novels Instance of the Fingerpost, An Category Fiction with unreliable narrators ... more details
A court of first instance is a trial court of Original jurisdiction original or primary jurisdiction. Specific courts of first instance are European Union The European Court of First Instance France Court of First Instance France . disambig ... more details
Court of First Instance may refer to General Court European Union , which was formerly named the Court of First Instance Court of First Instance Hong Kong dab ... more details
In machine learning , instance based learning or memory based learning is a family of learning algorithms that, instead of performing explicit generalization, compare new problem instances with instances seen in training, which have been stored in memory. Instance based learning is a kind of lazy learning . It is called instance based because it constructs hypotheses directly from the training instances themselves. ref name aima733 Stuart J. Russell Stuart Russell and Peter Norvig 2003 . Artificial Intelligence A Modern Approach , second edition, p. 733. Prentice Hall. ISBN 0 13 080302 2 ref This means that the hypothesis complexity can grow with the data ref name aima733 in the worst case, a hypothesis is a list of n training items and Classification machine learning classification takes Big O notation O n . One advantage that instance based learning has over other methods of machine learning is its ability to adapt its model to previously unseen data. Where other methods generally require the entire set of training data to be re examined when one instance is changed, instance based learners may simply store a new instance or throw an old instance away. Citation needed date June 2010 A simple example of an instance based learning algorithm is the k nearest neighbor algorithm . Daelemans and Van den Bosch describe variations of this algorithm for use in natural language processing NLP , claiming that memory based learning is both more psychologically realistic than other machine learning schemes and more effective in practice. ref Walter Daelemans and Antal van den Bosch 2005 . Memory Based Language Processing . Cambridge University Press. ref References references External links http ilk.uvt.nl timbl TiMBL, the Tilburg Memory Based Learner is an instance based learning package geared toward Natural Language Processing NLP Category Machine learning AI stub ... more details
In object oriented programming an instance is an occurrence or a copy of an Object computer science object , whether currently executing or not. Instances of a Class computer programming class share the same set of attributes, yet will typically differ in what those attributes contain. For example, a class Employee would describe the attributes common to all instances of the Employee class. For the purposes of the task being solved Employee objects may be generally alike, but vary in such attributes as name and salary . The description of the class would itemize such attributes and define the operations or actions relevant for the class, such as increase salary or change telephone number. One could then talk about one instance of the Employee object with name Jane Doe and another instance of the Employee object with name John Doe . Category Object oriented programming de Instanzierung fr Instance programmation ja pt Inst ncia classe ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2007 Politics of Peru The Courts of First Instance are the third hierarchic level organized in the Judicial System of Peru . Each Provinces of Peru province , has a Court of First Instance. Courts of First Instance are subdivided according to their specialty. The specialties that the courts are divided into are the following Civil has jurisdiction over topics relating to Civil Rights with the exception of Family law Criminal has jurisdiction over all topics relating to Criminal law Labor has jurisdiction over all topics relating to Labor law Family has jurisdiction over all topics relating to Family law Commercial has jurisdiction over all topics relating to Commercial law Courts that receive cases from more than one of these categories are called Mixed Courts . Trials that originate in Courts of Peace of Peru Courts of Peace , can be re tried in these courts. Likewise, trials originating in these courts, may be re tried in Superior Courts of Justice of Peru Superior Courts . See also Judicial System of Peru Judicial Districts of Peru Provinces of Peru DEFAULTSORT Courts Of First Instance Of Peru Category Courts in Peru Peru stub Law stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In computing, FOSI Formatting Output Specification Instance is a stylesheet language for SGML and, later, XML . FOSI was developed by the US Department of Defense to control the pagination web pagination and layout of SGML and XML technical data. FOSI stylesheets are themselves written in SGML, an approach that would later be adopted by Extensible Stylesheet Language XSL . FOSI was implemented by, among others, Datalogics , Arbortext and X.Systems . Stylesheet languages DEFAULTSORT Fosi Category Stylesheet languages Compu lang stub de Formatted Output Specification Instance ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 context October 2009 unreferenced July 2008 Similar to VRF Virtual Routing and Forwarding Instance maintained in IP MPLS routers to deliver layer 3 VPN s, IP VPN s, IP MPLS switches maintain a Virtual Switching Instance VSI to deliver layer 2 VPN s, VPLS . As VRF s keep Internet Protocol IP route entries for a particular L3 VPN, VSIs keep MAC address entries for a particular VPLS . MAC addresses are learned on pseudowires an L2 switch learns MAC addresses on ports . Category MPLS networking compu network stub ... more details
orphan date December 2007 Multiple instance learning is a variation on supervised learning . Instead of receiving a set of instances which are labeled positive or negative, the learner receives a set of bags that are labeled positive or negative. Each bag contains many instances. A bag is labeled negative if all the instances in it are negative. On the other hand, a bag is labeled positive if there is at least one instance in it which is positive. From a collection of labeled bags, the learner tries to induce a concept that will label individual instances correctly. Multiple instance learning was originally proposed under this name by harvtxt Dietterich Lathrop Lozano P rez 1997 , but earlier examples of similar research exist, for instance in the work on handwriting handwritten digit optical character recognition recognition by harvtxt Keeler Rumelhart Leow 1990 . Numerous researchers have worked on adapting classical classification techniques, such as support vector machines or boosting , to work within the context of multiple instance learning. References citation first1 Thomas G. last1 Dietterich first2 Richard H. last2 Lathrop first3 Tom s last3 Lozano P rez title Solving the multiple instance problem with axis parallel rectangles journal Artificial Intelligence volume 89 issue 1 2 year 1997 pages 31 71 doi 10.1016 S0004 3702 96 00034 3 . citation unused data Proceedings of the 1990 Conference on Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems NIPS 3 first1 James D. last1 Keeler first2 David E. last2 Rumelhart first3 Wee Kheng last3 Leow title Integrated segmentation and recognition of hand printed numerals year 1990 pages 557 563 . Category Machine learning ... more details
Refimprove date October 2007 Single instance storage is a system s ability to keep one copy of content that multiple users or computers share. It is a means to eliminate data duplication and to increase efficiency. SIS is frequently implemented in file system s, e mail server software, data backup and other storage related solutions. In the case of an e mail server, single instance storage would mean that a single copy of a message is held within its database whilst individual mailboxes access the content through a reference pointer. However there is a common misconception that the primary benefit of single instance storage in mail server solutions is a reduction in disk space requirements. The truth is that its primary benefit is to greatly enhance delivery efficiency of messages sent to large distribution lists. In a mail server scenario disk space savings from single instance storage are transient and drop off very quickly over time. When used in conjunction with a backup solution, single instance storage can reduce the quantity of archive media required since it avoids storing duplicate ... operating system files. With solutions that use single instance storage, only one copy of a file ... GroupWise was built on single instance storage which accounts for the large data stores that GroupWise ... to system wide file duplication search and multiple file instance detection tools such as the P2P ... In the United States , Microsoft has a patent related to Single instance storage ref http patft.uspto.gov ... 22, 1998 at US Pat. Ofc. ref . The NTFS file system supports single instance storage. Citation needed ... single instance storage. Single instance storage has been a feature of Microsoft Exchange Server ... Single Instance Storage in Microsoft Windows Storage Server 2003 R2 Technical White Paper ... Windows Storage Server 2008 at Microsoft ref with Single Instance Storage on June 1, 2009, and states ... WinFS Peer to peer file sharing Data deduplication Capacity optimization DEFAULTSORT Single Instance ... more details
The Court of First Instance lang nl Rechtbank van eerste aanleg , lang fr Tribunal de premi re instance , lang de Gericht erster Instanz in Belgium consists of three divisions the Civil Court, the Correctional Court and the Juvenile Court. There is a Court of First Instance for each Arrondissements of Belgium Judicial Judicial Arrondissement . Civil Court The Civil Court consists of the civil chambers of the Court of First Instance. Each civil chamber consist of one or of three judges. The Civil Court deals in first instance with civil cases that exceed the competences of the Justice of the Peace, but it also hears appeals against decisions of Justices of the Peace in civil cases if the amount involved exceeds 1,860 euro . If the amount involved doesn t exceed 1,860 euro, no appeal against the decision of the Justice of the Peace is possible. The Civil Court also deals with divorce s, cases regarding lineage, disputes regarding the execution of court decisions and rulings, the right of reply and tax returns. In addition, the Civil Court has jurisdiction over cases not explicitly assigned to another court. The Civil Court also has appellate jurisdiction with regard to decisions of the Police Court Belgium Police Court regarding compensation claims arising from traffic accidents. ref cite web url http www.presse justice.be document.php?document id 91&lang nl title De rechtbank van eerste aanleg, burgerlijke kamers publisher http www.pers gerecht.be Pers & Gerecht accessdate 2007 07 10 language Dutch ref ref cite web url http www.presse justice.be document.php?document id 91&lang fr title Le tribunal de premi re instance, chambres civiles. publisher http www.presse justice.be Presse & Justice accessdate 2007 07 10 language French ref Decisions of the Civil Court, with the exception ... of First Instance. Each correctional chamber consists of one or of three judges. The Correctional ... system First instance nl Rechtbank van eerste aanleg ... more details
coord 22 16 41.38 N 114 9 47.23 E type landmark region HK display title Infobox High Court court name Court of First Instance Hong Kong image HK HighCourt Entrance.JPG imagesize 250px caption Entrance of the High Court in Admiralty established year country Hong Kong location Hong Kong coordinates type partisan election non partisan election legislative selection executive selection cooption etc authority Hong Kong Basic Law appeals Court of Appeal Hong Kong Court of Appeal terms length of court term for judges positions number of positions seats on court website http www.judiciary.gov.hk en index index.htm chiefjudgetitle Chief Justice of the High Court chiefjudgename The Hon Mr Justice MA termstart year current chief became chief termend year term for current chief as chief ends, if applicable termend2 year term of current chief ends if applicable The Court of First Instance is one of two courts in the High Court of Hong Kong High Court formerly known as the Supreme Court Hong Kong Supreme Court structure in Hong Kong . The court has unlimited jurisdiction in both civil and criminal matters. Before 1997 it was known as the High Court of Justice . The court can deal with matters from Magistrates Court Hong Kong Magistrates Courts Judiciary of Hong Kong The Small Claims Tribunal Small Claims Tribunal Judiciary of Hong Kong The Obscene Articles Tribunal Obscene Articles Tribunal Judiciary of Hong Kong The Labour Tribunal Labour Tribunal Minor Employment Claims Adjudication Board See also Judiciary of Hong Kong External links http www.judiciary.gov.hk en crt services pphlt html hc.htm Hong Kong Judiciary website, High Court page Category Hong Kong court system HongKong law stub HongKong struct stub ... more details
The Instance of the Letter in the Unconscious, or Reason Since Freud is an essay by the psychoanalysis psychoanalytic theorist Jacques Lacan , originally delivered as a talk on May 9, 1957 and later published in Lacan s 1966 book crits . Lacan begins the essay by declaring it to be situated halfway between speech and writing. By doing so, he foreshadows both the essay s notorious opacity and its theme the relationship between Speech communication speech and language and the place of the subject in relation to both. The Meaning of the Letter The essay s first section, The Meaning of the Letter , introduces the concept of the letter , which Lacan describes as the material medium that concrete discourse borrows from language crits , p. 495 . In his commentary on the essay, the Lacanian psychoanalyst Bruce Fink argues that the letter is best thought of as the differential element which separates two words, noting that In a hundred years, drizzle might be pronounced dritszel , but that will be of no importance as long as the place occupied by the consonant in the middle of the word is filled by something that allows us to continue to differentiate the word from other similar words in the English language, such as dribble . Fink, Lacan To The Letter , p. 78 Lacan indicates that the letter, when thought of as a material medium in this way, cannot be directly manipulated so as to alter language or intersubjective meaning. In a footnote to the essay, he praises Stalin for rejecting the idea promoted by some communist philosophers of creating a unique, specifically communist language by noting that language is not a superstructure . The Letter in the Unconscious Lacan uses ... Reading crits Closely Minneapolis University of Minneapolis Press, 2004 Jacques Lacan, The Instance ... Stanford University Press, 1999 Category Works by Jacques Lacan Instance of the Letter in the Unconscious, or Reason Since Freud, The DEFAULTSORT Instance of the Letter Category Essays Category 1957 ... more details
Summary Information Description Source I User Thore Husfeldt Thore Husfeldt User talk Thore Husfeldt talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 08 20, 12 March 2010 UTC Author User Thore Husfeldt Thore Husfeldt User talk Thore Husfeldt talk other versions Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL migration redundant ... more details
Summary Information Description Source I User Thore Husfeldt Thore Husfeldt User talk Thore Husfeldt talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 08 26, 12 March 2010 UTC Author User Thore Husfeldt Thore Husfeldt User talk Thore Husfeldt talk other versions Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL migration redundant ... more details
Wiktionary instantiation instance Instantiation or instance Philosophy A modern concept similar to participation in classical Platonism, see the Theory of Forms . Instantiation principle The principle of instantiation , the idea that in order for a property to exist, it must be had by some object or substance. Universal instantiation and existential instantiation , two rules of logical inference A substitution instance is a formula of mathematical logic that can be produced by substituting certain strings of symbols for others in formulas. Instance computer science can refer generally to any running process, or specifically to an Object computer science object , as in an instance of a class. The process of creating a new object or instance of a class is often referred to as instantiation. Table instance or database instance , a concept in database design see Row database Instance dungeon , a feature of many online games such as World of Warcraft and City of Heroes Disambiguation de Instanz fr Instance ja no Instans ru sv Instans ... more details
Summary A drawing of an instance of a segment tree a segment tree, in computer science, is a kind of data structure . The instance data, and the drawing, have all been done by me. Licensing PD self date November 2007 ... more details
Summary Information Description An AutoSys r11 Instance named ACE featuring the inter instance communication Source I created this work entirely by myself. Date Jan 2009 Author jm27791 other versions Licensing self cc by 3.0 ... more details
Summary This is a representation of a standard AutoSys 4.5 instance using Dual Servers and HA Event Processors. Licensing self2 GFDL with disclaimers cc by sa 2.5,2.0,1.0 migration relicense ... more details
Summary book cover fur Article An Instance of the Fingerpost Use Infobox OPTIONAL FIELDS Title An Instance of the Fingerpost Author Iain Pears Publisher Jonathan Cape Cover artist country United Kingdom Website Owner Commentary Year 1997,1997 OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Source Portion Low resolution Purpose Replaceability Other information an instance of the fingerpost cover, vintage Licensing Non free book cover ... more details
to the singleton pattern singleton , which allows only one instance of a class to be created. The multiton ... as key value pairs. Rather than have a single instance per application e.g. the Javadoc SE package ... the multiton pattern instead ensures a single instance per key . Most people and textbooks consider ... instances Our per key singleton FooMultiton instance instances.get key if instance null Lazily create instanceinstance new FooMultiton Add it to map instances.put key, instance return instance other ... public static FooMultiton getInstance Object key Our per key singleton FooMultiton instance instances.get key if the instance has never been created ... if instance null synchronized instances Check again, after having acquired the lock to make sure the instance was not created meanwhile by another thread instance instances.get key if instance null Lazily create instanceinstance new FooMultiton Add it to map instances.put key, instance return instance other fields and methods ... source ... FooMultiton public static FooMultiton GetInstance object key lock instances FooMultiton instance if instances.TryGetValue key, out instanceinstance new FooMultiton instances.Add key, instance return instance source Python source lang python class Multiton object def init self self.instances def call self, key, instance self.instances key instance return instance def get instance self, key ... , A print m.get instance a0 print m.get instance a1 source Python using decorators source lang python ... Dictionary is treated as Java Hash Map public function InternalModelLocator Only One Instance ... String InternalModelLocator var instance InternalModelLocator instances module uuid if instance null instance new InternalModelLocator instances module uuid instance return instance source Clarification ... and stores a multiton instance on the first request with the associated key. Subsequent requests with the same key return the original instance. A hash table is merely an implementation detail and not the only ... more details
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