In population genetics , geneticload or genetic burden is a measure of the cost of lost alleles due to selection selectional load or mutation mutational load . It is a value in the range math 0 L 1 math , where 0 represents no load. The concept was first formulated in 1937 by JBS Haldane , independently formulated, named and applied to humans in 1950 by H. J. Muller , ref Cite journal volume 2 issue 2 pages 111 76 last Muller first H. J. title Our load of mutations journal Am J Hum Genet year 1950 pmid 14771033 pmc 1716299 ref and elaborated further by Haldane in 1957. ref cite journal author J.B.S. Haldane JBS Haldane year 1957 title The cost of natural selection journal Journal of Genetics ... doi 10.1007 BF02984069 ref Definition Geneticload is the reduction in selective value for a population ... selection , then geneticload math L math may be calculated as math L w max bar w over w max ... of geneticloadLoad may be caused by selection and mutation. Mutational load Expand section date June 2008 Mutation load is caused when a mutation at a locus produces a new allele of either lesser ... www.blackwellpublishing.com ridley a z Genetic load.asp Geneticload, from Evolution A Z by Mark Ridley http www.talkorigins.org indexcc CB CB120.html Creationist Claim CB120 Geneticload from An Index to Creationist Claims by Mark Isaak DEFAULTSORT GeneticLoad Category Population genetics ru ... relative fitness, lowering average load, while an advantageous mutation effectively increases the relative fitness of the existing allele, and thus also increases average fitness. Selectional load ... , hence selection always exerts a load. With directional selection , the allele frequencies will tend ... fitness is 0, the load is equal to 1, but the population goes extinction extinct . See also Haldane s dilemma Segregational load Expand section date June 2008 In contrast to directional selection ... advantage also called overdominance always exerts a load against the less fit homozygotes ... more details
wiktionarypar LoadLoad may refer to Structural load , forces which are applied to a structure Cargo Freight Lading The load of a mutual fund see Mutual fund fees and expenses The geneticload of a population The parasite load of an organism LOAD is an acronym for Late Onset Alzheimer s disease Load Records , an American experimental independent record label Load album Load album , the 6th album released by the band Metallica Loads album Loads album , A 1995 compilation of the British pop group Happy Mondays Electrical load , a device connected to the output of a circuit Electronic load , a simulated electrical load used for testing purposes Load computing , a measure of how much processing a computer performs See also Loader disambiguation Lode Lod disambig Category Structural engineering fr Load ja pl Load ujednoznacznienie simple Load uk ... more details
wiktionary geneticGenetic may refer to Genetics , in biology, the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms Genetic, used as an adjective, refers to heredity of traits Gene , a unit of heredity in the genome of an organism Genetic linguistics , in linguistics, a relationship between two languages with a common ancestor language Genetic algorithm , in computer science, a kind of search technique modeled on evolutionary biology disambig simple Genetic ur ... more details
Heavy Load may refer to Heavy Load band , a Swedish heavy metal band Heavy Load film Heavy Load film , a British documentary about a punk band called Heavy Load Heavy Load Transformers , several fictional characters in the Transformers universes See also Overloading disambiguation disambig ... more details
Wide load or wideload refers to Oversize load Wideload Transformers Wideload , a Transformers character Wideload Games , a video games development studio Disambig ... more details
wiktionarypar lock and load Lock and Load or Lock N Load may refer to In television Lock N Load with R. Lee Ermey , a show about the history of military weaponry Lock N Load reality show Lock N Load reality show , a reality show about the gun enthusiast lifestyle Lock & Load , a List of The Colbert Report episodes 2006 2006 episode of The Colbert Report In music Lock N Load album Lock N Load album , a comedy album by Denis Leary T.O.S Terminate on Sight or Lock and Load , an album by G Unit Lock & Load , an album by Leslie Fish Lock and Load , a song by Bob Seger from It s a Mystery Lock and Load , a song by Lil Wayne from Tha Carter II Lock and Load , a song by The Mess Hall from Feeling Sideways Lock and Load , a song by Snapper from A.D.M. Lock & Load , a song by Bone Crusher from AttenCHUN Lock & Load , a song by D.S.G.B. from The Last Supper D.S.G.B. album The Last Supper Lock n Load , a song by Layzie Bone from Thug by Nature Lock and Load a song on the Discography of the Devil May Cry series Devil May Cry Original Soundtrack Devil May Cry Original Soundtrack In games Lock N Load , a series of wargames by Mark H. Walker Lock & Load Character Primer , a source book for Iron Kingdoms See also Lock and Load, Babe , an episode of Vanishing Son disambig ... more details
A load bank is a device which develops an External electric load electrical load , applies the load to an electrical ... of a load bank is to accurately mimic the operational or real load that a power source will see in actual application. However, unlike the real load, which is likely to be dispersed, unpredictable and random in value, a load bank provides a contained, organized and fully controllable load. Consequently, a load bank can be further defined as a self contained, unitized, systematic device that includes load elements with control and accessory devices required for operation. Whereas the real load is served by the power source and uses the energy output of the source for some productive purpose, the load bank serves the power source, using its energy output to test, support or protect the power source. ref Simplex, Inc. , What is a Load Bank? , http simplexdirect.com LoadBank WhatIsALoadBank.html ref Applications Load banks are used in a variety of applications, including Factory testing ... UPS system testing Ground power testing Load optimization in prime power electrical prime power applications Removal of carbon build up on piston rings Load bank types The three most common types of load ... to lead voltage. Resistive load bank A resistive load bank, the most common type, provides equivalent ... kilowatt or horsepower of load applied to the generator by the load bank, an equal amount of load is applied to the prime mover by the generator. A resistive load bank, therefore, removes energy from the complete system load bank from generator generator from prime mover prime mover from fuel. Additional energy is removed as a consequence of resistive load bank operation waste heat from coolant, exhaust and generator losses and energy consumed by accessory devices. A resistive load bank impacts upon all aspects of a generating system. The load of a resistive load bank is created by the conversion ... grid resistors . This heat must be dissipated from the load bank, either by air or by water, by forced ... more details
Dissolved load is the term for material, especially ion s from Weathering Chemical weathering chemical weathering , that are carried in solution by a stream . The dissolved load contributes to the total amount of material removed from a Drainage basin catchment . The amount of material carried as dissolved load is typically much smaller than the suspended load , though this is not always the case. Dissolved load comprises a significant portion of the total material flux out of a landscape, and its composition is important in regulating the chemistry and biology of the stream. See also Sediment Sediment transport Rouse number Bed load Suspended load Wash load References http walrus.wr.usgs.gov infobank programs html school moviepage 18.01.13.html USGS CMG InfoBank Suspended and Dissolved Loads DEFAULTSORT Dissolved Load Category Geology Category Hydrology geol stub ... more details
Load factor may refer to Load factor aeronautics , the ratio of the lift of an aircraft to its weight Load factor computer science , the ratio of the number of records to the number of addresses within a data structure Load factor electrical , the average power divided by the peak power over a period of time Passenger load factor , the ratio of revenue passenger miles to available seat miles of a particular transportation operation i.e. a flight Disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In a general sense, the design load is the maximum amount of something a system is designed to handle or the maximum amount of something that the system can produce, which are very different meanings. For example, a crane machine crane with a design load of 20 tons is designed to be able to lift loads that weigh 20 tons or less. However, when a failure could be catastrophic, such as a crane dropping its load or collapsing entirely, a factor of safety is necessary. As a result, the crane should lift about 2 to 5 tons at the most. In Structural design , a design load is in fact greater than the load which the system is expected to support. This is because engineers incorporate a Safety factor in their design, in order to ensure that the system will be able to support at least the expected loads called Specified loads , despite any problems with construction, materials, etc that go unnoticed during construction. A heater would have a general design load, meaning the maximum amount of heat it can produce. A bridge would have a specified load, with the design load being determined by engineers and applied as a theoretical load indended to ensure the actual real world capacity of the specified load. See also Limit states design Factor of safety Specified load DEFAULTSORT Design Load Category Engineering concepts et Arvutuslik koormus it Carico di progetto ... more details
Load line may refer to Ship s load line , related to ship construction Load line electronics , a method of determining operating points in circuits with non linear elements. This method was often used with thermionic valves vacuum tubes disambig ... more details
Load balancing or load distribution may refer to Load balancing computing , balancing a workload amongst multiple computer devices Load balancing electrical power , the storing of excess electrical power by power stations during low demand periods, for release as demand rises Weight distribution , the apportioning of weight within a vehicle, especially cars, airplanes, and watercraft Production leveling , a pre requisite to allow flow in the factory Disambig ... more details
Orphan date February 2011 infobox software name Load Impact developer Load Impact Gatorhole AB genre Load testing tools license Proprietary software Proprietary website http loadimpact.com http loadimpact.com Portal Software Testing Load Impact is a Cloud computing cloud based service for load testing and website optimization. It generates traffic load by simulating users. ref http loadimpact.com info introduction.php Introduction to Load Impact ref Load Impact is a so called freemium service in that it offers .... ref name whatabout http webmasterformat.com tools performance optimizing load testing tool Understanding What Load Impact s Load Testing Tool Is All About ref Apart from the service itself, Load ... . Main components Load Impact consists of two main parts, the load testing tool and the page analyzer. Load testing tool The load testing tool generates simulated user traffic to a website. Users can simulate virtual users who are trying to load the web pages at the same time. While simulating ... archive 2009 03 20 load testing as a service a look at load impact.aspx Load Testing as a Service A Look at Load Impact beta ref The tool is cloud based and provides On demand software Application on demand load testing. ref http www.arcticstartup.com 2009 09 24 load impact on demand web based load testing Load Impact On Demand Web based Load Testing ref It also features a session recorder ... ?p 1 Load Impact Website load test ref The recorded session can then be used when running load tests, to make the simulated clients behave just as how the user recorded it. There are three different types of load test ref name whatabout 1. Fixed Test with static load level throughout ... a maximum predetermined level. 3. Timeout Ramp up tests that increase the load level until the server becomes too slow, or when the maximum load level is reached. Page analyzer The page analyzer loads ..., and how long each object took to load. It also gives the user information about return codes, compression ... more details
New unreviewed article source ArticleWizard date January 2011 Zero load refers to a mutual fund that charges no commission remuneration commission or sales charge ref http www.investopedia.com terms n no loadfund.asp ref . Instead of using a secondary party shares are generally distributed directly by the investment company. Research has shown that there is little difference in the performance of zero load funds in comparison to load funds ref http webpage.pace.edu mmorey publicationspdf shouldcarry.pdf Morey, M 2003, Should you carry the load? A comprehensive analysis of load and no load mutual fund out of sample performance, Journal of Banking & Finance, Issue 27, pp1245 1271 ref . However, as an investor in a load fund has to pay out fees to buy in or out, a load fund must performer better in order for the investor to get the same outcome. This means that in essence a zero load fund starts the investment race with a headstart ref http finance.yahoo.com funds how to choose article 100601 Load vs No Load Funds ref . References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links Categories Category investment Category funds ... more details
Load regulation is the capability to maintain a constant voltage or current level on the output channel of a power supply despite changes in load ref cite web title Line and Load Regulation for Programmable ... content neets 14178 css 14178 143.htm 070618 tpub.com ref . Definitions Load Regulation can be defined as a percentage by the equation ref cite web title Measuring Line and Load Regulation Rantec url http www.rantec.com L2A Prod LowVoltage LVAN LVAN HDMA105.pdf ref math Load Regulation 100 frac Voltage Full Load Voltage Minimum Load Voltage Nominal Load math Where math Full Load math is the load that draws the greatest current is the lowest specified load resistance never short circuit math Minimum Load math is the load that draws the least current is the highest specified load resistance ... minimum bias levels math Nominal Load math is the typical specified operating load For switching power .... In such cases Load Regulation is defined without normalizing to Voltage at Nominal Load and then has the units of volts. math Load Regulation, volts Voltage Full Load Voltage Minimum Load math Measurement A simple way to manually measure load regulation is to connect three parallel load resistors ... are selected such that R sub 1 sub gives the minimum load resistance, R sub 1 sub R sub 2 sub gives the nominal load resistance and either R sub 1 sub R sub 2 sub R sub 3 sub or R sub 2 sub R sub 3 sub depending on how you choose to switch given the full load resistance. A voltmeter is then connected ... to the load regulation equation. Programmable Load Programmable loads are typically used to automate the measurement of load regulation. Examples Two examples of load regulation specifications are given ... Specs h.pdf Lambda H Series power supply is a typical linear design and has a load regulation spec of 0.05 for a 50 load change. This means that if using a H series model HSB5 3 OVP, which has a single 5V, 3A output, with a load of 3.7 ohms would have a worst case voltage change of 0.05 5V 2.5 mV if the load ... more details
A Load Of Bull is the fanzine of Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Wolves . Founded in 1989 by Dave Worton, the publication is edited by Charles Ross and is written by supporters of Wolves. Its title is a reference to the club s leading goalscorer Steve Bull . It is sold outside Molineux Stadium Molineux on matchdays and via subscription. Generally 8 issues of ALOB are printed each season retailing for 2 each. External links http www.aloadofbull.co.uk A Load Of Bull DEFAULTSORT Load of Bull Category Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. Category Fanzines sport mag stub el A Load Of Bull sv Wolverhampton Wanderers FC A Load Of Bull Supporterfanzine ... more details
Refimprove date July 2010 A load cell is a transducer that is used to convert a force into electrical signal . This conversion is indirect and happens in two stages. Through a mechanical arrangement, the force being sensed deforms a strain gauge . The strain gauge measures the deformation Strain materials science strain as an electrical signal, because the strain changes the effective electrical resistance of the wire. A load cell usually consists of four strain gauges in a Wheatstone bridge configuration. Load cells of one strain gauge quarter bridge or two strain gauges half bridge are also available ... into an algorithm to calculate the force applied to the transducer. Although strain gauge load cells are the most common, there are other types of load cells as well. In industrial applications ... problems with strain gauge load cell devices. As an example, a hydraulic load cell is immune to transient ... include piezoelectric load cells useful for dynamic measurements of force , and vibrating wire load ... drift . Every load cell is subject to ringing when subjected to abrupt load changes. This stems from the spring like behavior of load cells. In order to measure the loads, they have to deform. As such, a load ... to actively damp out the ringing of a load cell. This method offers better performance at a cost of significant increase in complexity. Load cells are used in several types of measuring instruments such as universal testing machine s. ref Cite journal last first title Load cell testing gets straight ... and control load cell testing gets straight to the point jstor issn accessdate ref Load Cell types ... Load Cell types based on construction Bending beam Parallel beam or Binocular Beam Canister Shear beam Single column Multi column Pancake Load button Single ended shear beam Double ended shear beam ... ring Load Pin Load Cell types based on electrical properties Resistive Piezoelectric Capacitance ... Machines DEFAULTSORT Load Cell Category Sensors de W gezelle it Cella di carico nl Weegcel ru ... more details
material as a result of erosion. from Wikimedia Commons Stream load is a geologic term referring to the solid ... flow of water. The amount of solid load that a stream can carry, or stream capacity, is measured ... added to normal stream flow through these processes increase the overall stream load Strahler ... into the stream, adding significantly to the stream s load Strahler and Strahler, 2006 . The severity of hydraulic action increases with stream velocity and current stream load. Abrasion Abrasion ... load i.e. the presence of larger rock particles . Types of stream load Mineral materials of many different shapes and particle sizes erode and contribute to overall stream load. Differences in the size of those materials determine how they will be transported down stream. Stream load is broken into three types dissolved load, suspended load, and bed load Ritter, 2006 . Dissolved load Dissolved ... of dissolved load. This type of load can result from mineral alteration from chemical erosion, or may even be the result of groundwater seepage into the stream. Materials comprising the dissolved load have the smallest particle size of the three load types Strahler and Strahler, 2006 . Suspended load Suspended load is composed of fine sediment particles suspended and transported through the stream ... on the stream bed. Suspended load is the result of material eroded by hydraulic action at the stream surface bordering the channel as well as erosion of the channel itself. Suspended load accounts for the largest majority of stream load Strahler and Strahler, 2006 . Bed load Bed load rolls slowly along ... from sand and gravel to cobbles and boulders. There are two main ways to transport bed load traction ... Ritter, 2006 . In stream load transport, saltation is a bounce like movement, occurring when ... to the bed, again loosening bed load particles upon impact Ritter, 2006 . Image Stream Load.gif center frame Dissolved and suspended load move with the natural stream flow, while the heavier bed ... more details
Suspended load is the term for the sediment particles which settling settle slowly enough to be carried in flowing water such as a stream or coast al area either without touching the bed or while only intermittently touching it. These particles are generally of the fine sand , silt and clay Particle size grain size size , although larger particles may be carried as well depending on the intensity of the flow. See also Sediment Sediment transport Rouse number Bed load Wash load Dissolved load References http walrus.wr.usgs.gov infobank programs html school moviepage 18.01.13.html USGS CMG InfoBank Suspended and Dissolved Loads Category Sedimentology geol stub geo term stub ru ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Unreferenced date April 2008 Load pull and Source pull are the processes of altering pulling the Electrical impedance impedance s at the output and input, respectively, of an Radio frequency RF device or component whilst measuring the device behavior. This can be necessary when the device under test has a Nonlinear distortion non linear response. Harmonic load pull is load pull where the impedances at the harmonic frequencies are changed individually. Load pull measurements are particularly useful for characterisation of Electronic amplifier amplifiers under large signal conditions, far from 50 or the Characteristic impedance nominal line impedance . Category Radio electronics engineering stub ... more details
In the mathematical theory of probability , offered load is a concept in queuing theory . The offered load is a measure of traffic in the queue. The offered load is given by Little s law the arrival rate into the queue symbolized with lambda multiplied by the mean holding time symbolized with Tau , the average amount of time spent by items in the queue. Offered load is expressed in Erlang unit s, a dimensionless measure. References Robert B. Cooper. http www.cse.fau.edu bob publications IntroToQueueingTheory Cooper.pdf Introduction to Queuing theory . North Hollad, 1981, Second edition. ISBN 0444003797. Chapter 1, page 4. mathapplied stub mathanalysis stub Category Queueing theory ... more details
Wash load is the portion of sediment that is carried by a fluid flow, usually in a river , such that it always remains near the free surface near the top of the flow in a river . It consists of the grain size finest particles. Wash load is significant because it is the mode of sediment transport in which there is little to no interaction with the bed or banks and in which particles can be moved without extracting non negligible momentum from the flow. DEFAULTSORT Wash Load Category Sedimentology geology stub ... more details
refimprove date November 2010 In UNIX computing , the system load is a measure of the amount of work that a computer system performs. The load average represents the average system load over a period of time. It conventionally appears in the form of three numbers which represent the system load during the last one , five , and fifteen minute periods. Unix style load calculation All Unix and Unix like systems generate a Software metric metric of three load average numbers in the kernel computer science ... tt command uptime 14 34 03 up 10 43, 4 users, load average 0.06, 0.11, 0.09 The W Unix tt w tt and Top Unix tt top tt commands show the same three load average numbers, as do a range of graphical user .... An idle computer has a load number of 0 and each process computing process using or waiting for Central processing unit CPU the ready queue or run queue increments the load number by 1. Most UNIX systems ..., Universal Serial Bus USB 1.x storage devices . Such circumstances can result in an elevated load average ... have to wait . Systems calculate the load average as the Moving average technical analysis Exponential moving average exponentially damped weighted moving average of the load number . The three values of load average refer to the past one, five, and fifteen minutes of system operation. For single CPU systems that are CPU bound, one can think of load average as a percentage of system utilization ... of processors in order to get a comparable percentage. For example, one can interpret a load ... processes from waiting their turn. In a system with four CPUs, a load average of 3.73 would indicate .... On modern UNIX systems, the treatment of Thread computer science threading with respect to load averages varies. Some systems treat threads as processes for the purposes of load average calculation each thread waiting to run will add 1 to the load. However, other systems, especially systems ... the process exactly once for the purpose of load regardless of the number of threads , or counting ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 A programmable load is a type of test equipment or instrument which emulates DC resistance loads normally required to perform functional tests of Battery electricity batteries , power supply power supplies or solar cells . By virtue of being programmable, tests like load regulation , Battery electricity Battery capacity and discharging battery discharge curve measurement and Transient oscillation transient tests can be fully automated and load changes for these tests can be made without introducing switching transient that might change the measurement or operation of the power source under test. Implementation A programmable load is simply a programmable power supply that applies a voltage but sinks current rather than sourcing it. By changing the current direction, the programmable load electrically looks like a programmable resistor rather than a programmable Th venin s theorem Th venin voltage source. Category Electronic test equipment ... more details
Merge limit loads date August 2010 Context date October 2009 The nominal or limit load B sub n sub is the load which should only occur once or only a very few times during the lifetime of an aircraft . The limit load can be found relatively easily by statistically analysing the data collected during the many hours of logged flights which is continuously being gathered . B sub n sub may therefore only occur once during e.g. 60,000 hours of flying. should only occur once or only a very few times during the lifetime of an aircraft no plastic deformation allowed at this level of a load See also Ultimate load Category Aviation terminology aircraft stub ... more details
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