In biochemistry , an oxidoreductase is an enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of electron s from one molecule the Reducing agent reductant , also called the hydrogen or electron donor to another the oxidant , also called the hydrogen or electron acceptor . This group of enzymes usually utilizes NADP or NAD as cofactors. Reactions For example, an enzyme that catalyzed this reaction would be an oxidoreductase A sup &ndash sup B &rarr A B sup &ndash sup In this example, A is the reductant electron donor and B is the oxidant electron acceptor . In biochemical reactions, the redox reactions are sometimes more difficult to see, such as this reaction from glycolysis P sub i sub glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate NAD sup sup &rarr NADH H sup sup 1,3 bisphosphoglycerate In this reaction, NAD sup sup is the oxidant electron acceptor , and glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate is the reductant electron donor . Nomenclature Proper names of oxidoreductases are formed as donor acceptor oxidoreductase however, other names are much more common. The common name is donor dehydrogenase when possible, such as glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase for the second reaction above. Common names are also sometimes formed as acceptor reductase , such as NAD sup sup reductase. Donor oxidase is a special case where oxygen O sub 2 sub is the acceptor. Classification Oxidoreductases are classified as EC 1 in the EC number classification of enzymes. Oxidoreductases can be further classified into 22 subclasses Category EC 1.1 EC 1.1 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH OH group of donors alcohol oxidoreductases Category EC 1.2 EC 1.2 includes oxidoreductases that act on the aldehyde or oxo group of donors Category EC 1.3 EC 1.3 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH CH group of donors CH CH oxidoreductases Category EC 1.4 EC 1.4 includes oxidoreductases that act on the CH NH sub 2 sub group of donors Amino ... r ductase id Oksidoreduktase it Ossidoreduttasi lt Oksidoreduktaz s nl Oxidoreductase ja ... more details
Nitrite oxidoreductase NOR or NXR is an enzyme involved in nitrification . It is the last step in the process of aerobic ammonia oxidation, which is carried out by two groups of nitrifying bacteria ammonia oxidizers such as Nitrosospira , Nitrosomonas and Nitrosococcus convert ammonia to nitrite, while nitrite oxidizers such as Nitrobacter and Nitrospira oxidize nitrite to nitrate. The enzyme is bound to the inner cytoplasmic surface of the bacterial membrane and contains multiple subunits, iron sulfur centers and a molybdenum cofactor. ref cite journal author Spieck E, Ehrich S, Aamand J, Bock E title Isolation and immunocytochemical location of the nitrite oxidizing system in nitrospira moscoviensis journal Arch Microbiol. volume 169 issue 3 pages 225 30 year 1998 pmid 9477257 doi 10.1007 s002030050565 ref ref cite journal author Meincke1 M, Bock E, Kastrau D, Kroneck PMH title Nitrite oxidoreductase from Nitrobacter hamburgensis redox centers and their catalytic role journal Arch Microbiol. volume 158 issue 2 pages 127 31 year 2004 doi 10.1007 BF00245215 ref The enzyme is relatively abundant, making up 10 30 of the total protein in these bacteria and forms densely packed structures on the membrane surface. ref cite journal author Spieck E, Muller S, Engel A, Mandelkow E, Patel H title Two dimensional structure of membrane bound nitrite oxidoreductase from Nitrobacter hamburgensis journal J. Struct. Biol volume 117 issue 2 pages 117 123 year 1996 url http www.mpasmb hamburg.mpg.de mand pdf Spieck etal 1996.pdf doi 10.1006 jsbi.1996.0076 ref Reaction Nitrite acceptor nitrate reduced acceptor See also Microbial metabolism References reflist External links http biocyc.org META NEW IMAGE?type PATHWAY&object P282 PWY MetaCyc Pathway nitrite oxidation enzyme stub Category Oxidoreductases ... more details
enzyme Name hydrogen quinone oxidoreductase EC number 1.12.5.1 CAS number 147097 29 8 IUBMB EC number 1 12 5 1 GO code 0047067 image width caption In enzymology , a hydrogen quinone oxidoreductase EC number 1.12.5.1 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction H sub 2 sub menaquinone math rightleftharpoons math menaquinol Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are hydrogen H sub 2 sub and menaquinone , whereas its product chemistry product is menaquinol . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on hydrogen as donor with a quinone or similar compound as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is hydrogen quinone oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include hydrogen ubiquinone oxidoreductase , hydrogen menaquinone oxidoreductase , membrane bound hydrogenase , and quinone reactive Ni Fe hydrogenase . References reflist 1 cite journal author E, Duchene A, Tripier D, Juvenal K, et al. date 1992 title The quinone reactive Ni Fe hydrogenase of Wolinella succinogenes journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 206 pages 93&ndash 102 pmid 1587288 doi 10.1111 j.1432 1033.1992.tb16905.x issue 1 cite journal doi 10.1111 j.1432 1033.1993.tb17999.x author E, Duchene A, Tripier D, Juvenal K, et al. date 1993 title The quinone reactive Ni Fe hydrogenase of Wolinella Succinogenes journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 214 pages 949&ndash 50 pmid 8319698 issue 3 cite journal author Gross R, Simon J, Lancaster CR, Kroger A date 1998 title Identification of histidine residues in Wolinella succinogenes hydrogenase that are essential for menaquinone reduction by H2 journal Mol. Microbiol. volume 30 pages 639&ndash 46 pmid 9822828 doi 10.1046 j.1365 2958.1998.01100.x issue 3 cite journal author Bernhard M, Benelli B ... b subunit of the membrane bound hydrogenase complex of Alcaligenes eutrophus H16 journal Eur. J ... journal author Ferber DM, Maier RJ date 1993 title Hydrogen ubiquinone oxidoreductase activity by the Bradyrhizobium ... more details
Pfam box Symbol NAD binding 1 Name Oxidoreductase NAD binding domain image width caption Pfam PF00175 InterPro IPR001433 SMART Prosite SCOP 2cnd TCDB 3.D.5 OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB3 1ep1 B 114 208 PDB3 1ep3 B 114 208 PDB3 1ep2 B 114 208 PDB3 1krh B 224 328 PDB3 1ndh 147 256 PDB3 1m91 A 176 285 PDB3 1umk A 176 285 PDB3 1i7p A 176 285 PDB3 1ib0 A 176 285 PDB3 1qx4 B 176 285 PDB3 1cnf 491 604 PDB3 2cnd 491 604 PDB3 1cne 491 604 PDB3 2pia 116 211 PDB3 1gvh A 263 373 PDB3 1cqx A 270 379 PDB3 2bf4 B 537 656 PDB3 2bn4 A 537 656 PDB3 1ja1 A 529 642 PDB3 1ja0 A 529 642 PDB3 1j9z A 529 642 PDB3 1amo A 529 642 PDB3 1ddi A 456 564 PDB3 1ddg A 456 564 PDB3 1f20 A 1245 1360 PDB3 1tll B 1245 1360 PDB3 1jb9 A 180 296 PDB3 1go2 A 288 409 PDB3 1gr1 A 288 409 PDB3 1h85 A 288 409 PDB3 1e63 A 288 409 PDB3 1bqe A 288 409 PDB3 1ogj A 288 409 PDB3 1e64 A 288 409 PDB3 1ewy B 288 409 PDB3 1w35 A 288 409 PDB3 1que 288 409 PDB3 1w34 A 288 409 PDB3 1h42 A 288 409 PDB3 1gjr A 288 409 PDB3 1e62 A 288 409 PDB3 1w87 B 288 409 PDB3 1qgz A 288 409 PDB3 1qh0 A 288 409 PDB3 1bjk 288 409 PDB3 2bsa A 288 409 PDB3 1qgy A 288 409 PDB3 1quf 288 409 PDB3 1b2r A 288 409 PDB3 1gaw B 207 324 PDB3 1gaq A 207 324 PDB3 1bx1 A 221 338 PDB3 1frq A 221 338 PDB3 1fnb 221 338 PDB3 1fnc 221 338 PDB3 1fnd 221 338 PDB3 1bx0 A 221 338 PDB3 1frn 221 338 PDB3 1qfz A 212 329 PDB3 1qga A 212 329 PDB3 1qfy A 212 329 PDB3 1qg0 A 212 329 PDB3 1sm4 B 214 331 PDB3 1fdr A 110 223 PDB3 1a8p 111 230 PDB3 2bgi A 124 243 PDB3 2bgj B 124 243 Oxidoreductase NAD binding domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain . ref name pmid1748631 cite journal author Hyde GE, Crawford NM, Campbell WH title The sequence of squash NADH nitrate reductase and its relationship to the sequences of other flavoprotein oxidoreductases. A family of flavoprotein pyridine nucleotide cytochrome reductases journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 266 issue 35 pages ... from ferredoxin to the cytochrome B F complex. This domain is present in a variety of proteins that include ... more details
enzyme Name glucose fructose oxidoreductase EC number 1.1.99.28 CAS number 94949 35 6 IUBMB EC number 1 1 99 28 GO code 0047061 image width caption In enzymology , a glucose fructose oxidoreductase EC number 1.1.99.28 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D glucose D fructose math rightleftharpoons math D gluconolactone D glucitol Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are D glucose and D fructose , whereas its two product chemistry products are D gluconolactone and D glucitol . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with other acceptors. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D glucose D fructose oxidoreductase . Structural studies As of late 2007, 7 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1H6A , PDB link 1H6B , PDB link 1H6C , PDB link 1H6D , PDB link 1OFG , PDB link 1RYD , and PDB link 1RYE . References reflist 1 cite journal author Zachariou M and Scopes RK date 1986 title Glucose fructose oxidoreductase a new enzyme isolated from Zymomonas mobilis that is responsible for sorbitol production journal J. Bacteriol. volume 167 pages 863&ndash 869 cite journal author Hardman MJ, Scopes RK date 1988 title The kinetics of glucose fructose oxidoreductase from Zymomonas mobilis journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 173 pages 203&ndash 9 pmid 3356190 doi 10.1111 j.1432 1033.1988.tb13985.x issue 1 cite journal author Kanagasundaram V, Scopes RK date 1992 title Cloning, sequence analysis, and expression of the structural gene encoding glucose fructose oxidoreductase from Zymomonas mobilis journal J. Bacteriol. volume 174 pages 1439&ndash 47 pmid 1537789 issue 5 pmc 206538 1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.99 Category Enzymes of known structure it Glucosio fruttosio ossidoreduttasi ja ... more details
enzyme Name Aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.2.7.5 CAS number 138066 90 7 IUBMB EC number 1 2 7 5 GO code image width caption In enzymology , an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.2.7.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction an aldehyde H sub 2 sub O 2 oxidized ferredoxin math rightleftharpoons math an acid 2 H sup sup 2 reduced ferredoxin The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are aldehyde , water H sub 2 sub O , and oxidized ferredoxin , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are acid , hydrogen ion H sup sup , and reduced ferredoxin . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with an iron sulfur protein as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase . This enzyme is also called AOR . References reflist 1 cite journal author Mukund S, Adams MW date 1991 title The novel tungsten iron sulfur protein of the hyperthermophilic archaebacterium, Pyrococcus furiosus, is an aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase. Evidence for its participation in a unique glycolytic pathway journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 266 pages 14208&ndash 16 pmid 1907273 issue 22 cite journal author Johnson JL, Rajagopalan KV, Mukund S, Adams MW date 1993 title Identification of molybdopterin as the organic component of the tungsten cofactor in four enzymes from hyperthermophilic Archaea journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 268 pages 4848&ndash 52 pmid 8444863 issue 7 cite journal author Chan MK, Mukund S, Kletzin A, Adams MW, Rees DC date 1995 title Structure of a hyperthermophilic tungstopterin enzyme, aldehyde ferredoxin oxidoreductase journal Science. volume 267 pages 1463&ndash 9 pmid 7878465 doi 10.1126 science.7878465 issue 5203 cite journal author Roy R, Menon AL, Adams MW date 2001 title Aldehyde oxidoreductases from Pyrococcus furiosus journal Methods Enzymol. volume 331 pages 132&ndash 44 pmid 11265456 doi 10.1016 S0076 ... more details
enzyme Name indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.2.7.8 CAS number IUBMB EC number 1 2 7 8 GO code 0043805 image width caption In enzymology , an indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.2.7.8 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction indol 3 yl pyruvate CoA oxidized ferredoxin math rightleftharpoons math S 2 indol 3 yl acetyl CoA CO sub 2 sub reduced ferredoxin The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are indol 3 yl pyruvate , coenzyme A CoA , and oxidized ferredoxin , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are S 2 indol 3 yl acetyl CoA , carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub , and reduced ferredoxin . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the aldehyde or oxo group of donor with an iron sulfur protein as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3 indol 3 yl pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase decarboxylating, CoA indole acetylating . Other names in common use include 3 indol 3 yl pyruvate synthase ferredoxin , and IOR . References reflist 1 cite journal author Mai X, Adams MW date 1994 title Indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus. A new enzyme involved in peptide fermentation journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 269 pages 16726&ndash 32 pmid 8206994 issue 24 cite journal author Siddiqui MA, Fujiwara S, Imanaka T date 1997 title Indolepyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase from Pyrococcus sp. KOD1 possesses a mosaic structure showing features of various oxidoreductases journal Mol. Gen. Genet. volume 254 pages 433&ndash 9 pmid 9180697 doi 10.1007 PL00008607 issue 4 cite journal author Tersteegen A, Linder D, Thauer RK, Hedderich R date 1997 title Structures and functions of four anabolic 2 oxoacid oxidoreductases in Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 244 pages 862&ndash 8 pmid 9108258 doi 10.1111 j.1432 1033.1997.00862.x issue 3 cite journal author Schut GJ, Menon AL, Adams MW date ... more details
enzyme Name 15,16 dihydrobiliverdin ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.3.7.2 CAS number 347401 20 1 IUBMB EC number 1 3 7 2 GO code 0050617 image width caption In enzymology , a 15,16 dihydrobiliverdin ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.3.7.2 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 15,16 dihydrobiliverdin oxidized ferredoxin math rightleftharpoons math biliverdin IXalpha reduced ferredoxin Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 15,16 dihydrobiliverdin and oxidized ferredoxin , whereas its two product chemistry products are biliverdin IXalpha and reduced ferredoxin . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH CH group of donor with an iron sulfur protein as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 15,16 dihydrobiliverdin ferredoxin oxidoreductase . This enzyme is also called PebA . This enzyme participates in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Frankenberg N, Mukougawa K, Kohchi T, Lagarias JC date 2001 title Functional genomic analysis of the HY2 family of ferredoxin dependent bilin reductases from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms journal Plant. Cell. volume 13 pages 965&ndash 78 pmid 11283349 doi 10.1105 tpc.13.4.965 issue 4 pmc 135530 1.3 enzyme stub Category EC 1.3.7 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it 15,16 diidrobiliverdina ferredossina ossidoreduttasi ja 15,16 ... more details
enzyme Name phycoerythrobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.3.7.3 CAS number 347401 21 2 IUBMB EC number 1 3 7 3 GO code 0050618 image width caption In enzymology , a phycoerythrobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.3.7.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 3Z phycoerythrobilin oxidized ferredoxin math rightleftharpoons math 15,16 dihydrobiliverdin reduced ferredoxin Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 3Z phycoerythrobilin and oxidized ferredoxin , whereas its two product chemistry products are 15,16 dihydrobiliverdin and reduced ferredoxin . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH CH group of donor with an iron sulfur protein as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3Z phycoerythrobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase . This enzyme is also called PebB . This enzyme participates in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. References reflist 1 cite journal author Frankenberg N, Mukougawa K, Kohchi T, Lagarias JC date 2001 title Functional genomic analysis of the HY2 family of ferredoxin dependent bilin reductases from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms journal Plant. Cell. volume 13 pages 965&ndash 78 pmid 11283349 doi 10.1105 tpc.13.4.965 issue 4 pmc 135530 1.3 enzyme stub Category EC 1.3.7 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Ficoeritrobilina ferredossina ossidoreduttasi ja ... more details
enzyme Name phytochromobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.3.7.4 CAS number 138263 99 7 IUBMB EC number 1 3 7 4 GO code 0050619 image width caption In enzymology , a phytochromobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.3.7.4 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 3Z phytochromobilin oxidized ferredoxin math rightleftharpoons math biliverdin IXalpha reduced ferredoxin Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 3Z phytochromobilin and oxidized ferredoxin , whereas its two product chemistry products are biliverdin IXalpha and reduced ferredoxin . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH CH group of donor with an iron sulfur protein as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3Z phytochromobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include HY2 , PPhiB synthase , and phytochromobilin synthase . This enzyme participates in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism. References reflist 1 cite journal author Frankenberg N, Mukougawa K, Kohchi T, Lagarias JC date 2001 title Functional genomic analysis of the HY2 family of ferredoxin dependent bilin reductases from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms journal Plant. Cell. volume 13 pages 965&ndash 78 pmid 11283349 doi 10.1105 tpc.13.4.965 issue 4 pmc 135530 cite journal author McDowell MT, Lagarias JC date 2001 title Purification and biochemical properties of phytochromobilin synthase from etiolated oat seedlings journal Plant. Physiol. volume 126 pages 1546&ndash 54 pmid 11500553 doi 10.1104 pp.126.4.1546 issue 4 pmc 117154 cite journal author Terry MJ, Wahleithner JA, Lagarias JC date 1993 title Biosynthesis of the plant photoreceptor phytochrome journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 306 pages 1&ndash 15 pmid 8215388 doi 10.1006 abbi.1993.1473 issue 1 1.3 enzyme stub Category EC 1.3.7 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Fitocromobilina ferredossina ossidoreduttasi ja ... more details
enzyme Name phycocyanobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase EC number 1.3.7.5 CAS number 347401 12 1 IUBMB EC number 1 3 7 5 GO code 0050620 image width caption In enzymology , a phycocyanobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase PcyA, EC number 1.3.7.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 3Z phycocyanobilin oxidized ferredoxin math rightleftharpoons math biliverdin IXalpha reduced ferredoxin Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 3Z phycocyanobilin and oxidized ferredoxin , whereas its two product chemistry products are biliverdin IXalpha and reduced ferredoxin . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH CH group of donor with an iron sulfur protein as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3Z phycocyanobilin ferredoxin oxidoreductase . This enzyme participates in porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 3 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 2D1E , PDB link 2DKE , and PDB link 2G18 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Frankenberg N, Mukougawa K, Kohchi T, Lagarias JC date 2001 title Functional genomic analysis of the HY2 family of ferredoxin dependent bilin reductases from oxygenic photosynthetic organisms journal Plant. Cell. volume 13 pages 965&ndash 78 pmid 11283349 doi 10.1105 tpc.13.4.965 issue 4 pmc 135530 cite journal author Beale SI date 1993 title Biosynthesis of phycobilins journal Chem. Rev. volume 93 issue 2 pages 785&ndash 802 doi 10.1021 cr00018a008 cite journal author Wu SH, McDowell MT, Lagarias JC date 1997 title Phycocyanobilin is the natural precursor of the phytochrome chromophore in the green alga Mesotaenium caldariorum journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 272 pages 25700&ndash 5 pmid 9325294 doi 10.1074 jbc.272.41.25700 issue 41 1.3 enzyme stub Category EC 1.3.7 Category Enzymes of known structure it Ficocianobilina ferredossina ... more details
Pfam box Symbol FAD binding 6 Name Oxidoreductase FAD binding domain image width caption Pfam PF00970 InterPro IPR008333 SMART Prosite SCOP 1cne TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB3 1ep1 B 7 104 PDB3 1ep3 B 7 104 PDB3 1ep2 B 7 104 PDB3 1cqx A 156 261 PDB3 1gvh A 154 253 PDB3 1krh B 120 215 PDB3 2pia 11 108 PDB3 2bgi A 18 114 PDB3 2bgj B 18 114 PDB3 1a8p 6 101 PDB3 1fdr A 6 92 PDB3 1cnf 365 472 PDB3 2cnd 365 472 PDB3 1cne 365 472 PDB3 1m91 A 44 151 PDB3 1umk A 44 151 PDB3 1ndh 15 122 PDB3 1i7p A 44 151 PDB3 1ib0 A 44 151 PDB3 1qx4 B 44 151 The oxidoreductase FAD binding domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain . To date, the 3D structures of the flavoprotein domain of Zea mays nitrate reductase ref name PUB00005247 cite journal author Lindqvist Y, Schneider G, Campbell WH, Lu G title Crystal structure of the FAD containing fragment of corn nitrate reductase at 2.5 A resolution relationship to other flavoprotein reductases journal Structure volume 2 issue 9 pages 809 821 year 1994 pmid 7812715 ref and of pig NADH cytochrome b5 reductase ref name PUB00000415 cite journal author Miki K, Nishida H, Inaka K, Yamanaka M, Kaida S, Kobayashi K title Crystal structure of NADH cytochrome b5 reductase from pig liver at 2.4 A resolution journal Biochemistry volume 34 issue 9 pages 2763 2767 year 1995 pmid 7893687 ref have been solved. The overall fold is similar to that of ferredoxin NADP sup sup reductase ref name PUB00002370 cite journal author Karplus PA, Bruns CM title Structure function relations for ferredoxin reductase journal J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. volume 26 issue 1 pages 89 99 year 1994 pmid 8027025 ref the FAD binding domain N terminal has the topology of an anti parallel beta barrel, while the NAD P binding domain C terminal has the topology of a classical pyridine dinucleotide binding fold i.e. a central parallel beta sheet flanked by 2 helices on each side . Examples Human genes encoding proteins containing this domain inlclude CYB5R1 CYB5R2 CYB5R4 CYB5RL References ... more details
Pfam box Symbol Amino oxidase Name Flavin containing amine oxidoreductase image PDB 1b37 EBI.jpg width caption Structure of polyamine oxidase. ref name pmid10368296 cite journal author Binda C, Coda A, Angelini R, Federico R, Ascenzi P, Mattevi A title A 30 angstrom long U shaped catalytic tunnel in the crystal structure of polyamine oxidase journal Structure volume 7 issue 3 pages 265 76 year 1999 month March pmid 10368296 doi url ref Pfam PF01593 Pfam clan CL0053 InterPro IPR002937 SMART PROSITE PDOC00755 SCOP 1b37 TCDB OPM family 128 OPM protein 1sez PDB PDB3 1tdo A 61 499 PDB3 1tdk A 61 499 PDB3 1tdn A 61 499 PDB3 1reo A 61 499 PDB3 1f8s D 61 499 PDB3 1f8r D 61 499 PDB3 1sez A 23 490 PDB3 1z6l A 18 504 PDB3 1yy5 B 18 504 PDB3 1xpq D 18 504 PDB3 1rsg B 18 504 PDB3 1yvv B 12 62 PDB3 2bab A 16 60 PDB3 2bac A 16 60 PDB3 2b9x A 16 60 PDB3 2b9w A 16 60 PDB3 2b9y A 16 60 PDB3 2ba9 A 16 60 PDB3 1h86 B 42 483 PDB3 1b5q B 42 483 PDB3 1h83 B 42 483 PDB3 1h84 C 42 483 PDB3 1b37 C 42 483 PDB3 1h81 A 42 483 PDB3 1h82 B 42 483 PDB3 1o5w C 23 460 PDB3 1ojd F 14 451 PDB3 2bk3 B 14 451 PDB3 2c64 A 14 451 PDB3 2bk5 A 14 451 PDB3 2c67 B 14 451 PDB3 1s2y A 14 451 PDB3 2byb B 14 451 PDB3 1ojc B 14 451 PDB3 2bk4 B 14 451 PDB3 2c66 A 14 451 PDB3 1s3b A 14 451 PDB3 1s2q A 14 451 PDB3 1oja A 14 451 PDB3 1ojb A 14 451 PDB3 1gos A 14 451 PDB3 2c65 A 14 451 PDB3 1oj9 B 14 451 PDB3 1h8r A 14 451 PDB3 1s3e A 14 451 PDB3 2bxr A 23 460 PDB3 2bxs B 23 460 PDB3 1h8q A 23 460 Flavin containing amine oxidoreductases are a family of various amine oxidase s, including maize polyamine oxidase PAO , ref name PUB00001716 cite journal author Schinina ME, Mariottini P, Tavladoraki P, Cecconi F, Manera F, Rea G, Federico R, Angelini R, Di Agostino S title Maize polyamine oxidase primary structure from protein and cDNA sequencing journal FEBS Lett. volume 426 issue 1 pages 62 66 year 1998 pmid 9598979 doi 10.1016 ... reflist InterPro content IPR002937 DEFAULTSORT Flavin Containing Amine Oxidoreductase Category ... more details
The Complex may refer to The Complex An Insider Exposes the Covert World of the Church of Scientology , 2008 book by John Duignan The Complex How the Military Invades Our Everyday Lives , 2008 book by Nick Turse The Complex album The Complex album , by Blue Man Group The Complex Valdosta, Georgia , a multi purpose arena See also Complex disambiguation disambig ... more details
wiktionary complex NOTOC A complex is a whole that comprehends a number of intricate parts, especially one with interconnected or mutually related parts for example, a complex of building s . Complex may refer to Biology Protein complexComplex taxonomy , in biology, a cluster of species so closely related that they intergrade, can interbreed, and are difficult to firmly distinguish except at the extremes of their ranges Mimicry complex , a complex system of organisms and dependencies involved in a case of mimicry Chemistry Coordination complex , also called a coordination compound or metal complex ... ligands Chelate complex , a coordination complex with more than one bond Mathematics Complex number , an extension of real numbers obtained by adjoining imaginary number s Complex system , a system ... from which emerges a higher order behavior Complex analysis , the study of functions of complex numbers. An element of a complex algebra or field of sets. Chain complex , a possibly long sequence of maps Simplicial complex , a kind of topological space that can be divided into fully adjacent triangles, or more generally, into simplices CW complex , or closure finite weak complex, a kind of topological space, a generalization of the simplicial complex Line complex , a 3 dimensional family of lines in space. Other scientific uses Complex psychology , a group of mental factors that are unconsciously ... and behavior Synonym for a complex system which generally includes all interactions between elements As a name Complex band Complex magazine Complex magazine CoMPLEX ucl CoMPLEX is an interdisciplinary centre at University College London into biology and biomedicine. See also The Complex disambiguation Complexity Complexity disambiguation Complexity theory disambiguation Theory of complex systems The Military industrial complex disambig cs Komplex da Kompleks de Komplex eo Komplekso es Complejo fr Complexe id Kompleks he ka nl Complex ja no Kompleks pl Kompleks ... more details
orphan date June 2007 Quinone interacting membrane bound oxidoreductase is a membrane bound protein complex present in the electron transport chain of Sulfate reducing bacteria sulfate reducer s e.g. Desulfovibrio species and some sulfur oxidizer s such as 0.014 . enzyme stub Category Cellular respiration Category Integral membrane proteins Category Oxidoreductases ... more details
A complex structure may refer to Almost complex manifold Complex manifold Linear complex structure See also Real structure disambig Category Linear algebra ... more details
In mathematics, complex group may refer to An archaic name for the symplectic group Complex reflection group A complex algebraic group A complex Lie group mathdab ... more details
The Cassandra Complex is the name of The Cassandra Complex band , an electronic music band The Cassandra Complex EP , a 2003 EP by the band From a Second Story Window disambig ... more details
The MRX complex is a heterotrimeric protein complex consisting of MRE11A Mre11 , Rad50 , and Xrs2 . It is a budding yeast homolog of the mammalian Mre11 Rad50 Nbs1 Mre11 Rad50 Nbs1 MRN DNA damage repair complex. protein stub Category Protein complexes ko MRX ... more details
The term complex representation has slightly different meanings in mathematics and physics. In mathematics , a complex representation is a group representation of a group or Lie algebra on a complex vector space. In physics , a complex representation is a group representation of a group or Lie algebra on a complex vector space that is neither real representation real nor pseudoreal representation pseudoreal . In other words, the Group mathematics group elements are expressed as complex matrices, and the complex conjugate of a complex representation is a different, non equivalent representation. For compact groups, the Frobenius Schur indicator can be used to tell whether a representation is real, complex, or pseudo real. For example, the N dimensional fundamental representation of SU N for N greater than two is a complex representation whose complex conjugate is often called the antifundamental representation . algebra stub Category Representation theory of groups ... more details
In mathematics , complex geometry is the study of complex manifold s and functions of many complex variable s. Application of transcendental methods to algebraic geometry falls in this category, together with more geometric chapters of complex analysis . See also Analytic space GAGA Several complex variables References cite book title Complex Geometry An Introduction first Daniel last Huybrechts publisher Springer year 2005 isbn 3540212906 Category Complex manifolds Category Several complex variables mathanalysis stub ar eo Kompleksa geometrio fr G om trie complexe it Geometria complessa nl Complexe meetkunde pt Geometria complexa zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In mathematics , complex dimension usually refers to the dimension of a complex manifold M , or complex algebraic variety V . If the complex dimension is d , the real dimension will be 2 d . That is, the smooth manifold M has dimension 2 d and away from any Mathematical singularity singular points V will also be a smooth manifold of dimension 2 d . The same points apply to codimension . For example a smooth complex hypersurface in complex projective space of dimension n will be a manifold of dimension 2 n &minus 1 . A complex hyperplane does not separate complex projective space into two components, because it has codimension 2. Category Complex manifolds Category Algebraic geometry Category Dimension mathanalysis stub ... more details
In differential geometry , a complex manifold is a manifold with an atlas topology atlas of chart topology ... n sup , such that the transition maps are holomorphic . The term complex manifold is variously used to mean a complex manifold in the sense above which can be specified as an integrable complex manifold , and an Almost complex structures almost complex manifold , as discussed below. Implications of complex ... of smooth and complex manifolds have very different flavors compact complex manifolds are much ... of R sup n sup , whereas it is rare for a complex manifold to have a holomorphic embedding into C sup n sup . Consider for example any compact space compact connected complex manifold M any holomorphic function on it is locally constant by Liouville s theorem complex analysis Liouville s theorem . Now ... in the case that M is just a point. Complex manifolds that can be embedded in C sup n sup are called Stein manifold s and form a very special class of manifolds including, for example, smooth complex affine algebraic varieties. The classification of complex manifolds is much more subtle than that of differentiable ... has at most finitely many smooth structure s, a topological manifold supporting a complex structure can and often does support uncountably many complex structures. Riemann surface s, two dimensional manifolds equipped with a complex structure, which are topologically classified by the genus mathematics genus , are an important example of this phenomenon. The set of complex structures on a given orientable surface, modulo biholomorphic equivalence, itself forms a complex algebraic variety ... maps between charts are biholomorphic, complex manifolds are, in particular, smooth and canonically ..., as biholomorphic maps are orientation preserving . Examples of complex manifolds Riemann surface s. The Cartesian product of two complex manifolds. The inverse image of any noncritical value of a holomorphic map. Smooth complex algebraic varieties Smooth complex algebraic varieties are complex manifolds ... more details
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