moreref date August 2010 Cleanup date June 2009 A distributeddatabase is a database that is under the control of a central database management system DBMS in which computer storage storage devices are not all ... computers. Collections of data e.g. in a database can be distributed across multiple physical locations. A distributeddatabase can reside on network servers on the Internet , on corporate intranets ... . New York, NY McGraw Hill Irwin ref Besides distributeddatabase replication and fragmentation, there are many other distributeddatabase design technologies. For example, local autonomy, synchronous and asynchronous distributeddatabase technologies. These technologies implementation can and does ... and integrity. Basic architecture A database User accesses the distributeddatabase through ... which do require data from other sites. A distributeddatabase does not share main memory or disks. Important considerations Care with a distributeddatabase must be taken to ensure the following ... in a distributeddatabase. Economics it costs less to create a network of smaller computers ... from the distributeddatabase without affecting other modules systems . Reliable transactions Due ... must be done by the Database administrator DBAs to ensure that the distributed nature of the system ... between remote sites . Difficult to maintain integrity but in a distributeddatabase, enforcing integrity ... users convert a centralized DBMS into a distributed DBMS. Database design more complex besides of the normal difficulties, the design of a distributeddatabase has to consider fragmentation of data ... by locking and timestamping. See also Distributeddatabase management system Routing protocol ... of databases improves database performance at end user worksites. ref O Brien, J. & Marakas, G.M. ... in the distributive database. Once the changes have been identified, the replication process ... identifies one database as a master and then duplicates that database. The duplication process is normally ... more details
oneref date August 2010 A distributeddatabase management system DDBMS is a software system that permits the management of a distributeddatabase and makes the distribution transparent to the users. A distributeddatabase is a collection of multiple, logically interrelated databases distributed over a computer network. Sometimes distributeddatabase system is used to refer jointly to the distributeddatabase and the distributed DBMS. Overview Distributeddatabase management systems is a software for managing databases stored on multiple computers in a network. A distributeddatabase is a set of databases stored on multiple computers that typically appears to applications on a single database. Consequently, an application can simultaneously access and modify the data in several databases in a network. DDBMS is specially developed for heterogeneous database platforms, focusing mainly on heterogeneous database management systems HDBMS . See also Heterogeneous Database System References M. T. zsu and P. Valduriez, Principles of DistributedDatabase Systems 2nd edition , Prentice Hall , 1999. ISBN 0 13 659707 6. Databases DEFAULTSORT DistributedDatabase Management System Category Database management systems Category Applications of distributed computing eu Datu base banatuak kudeatzeko sistema tr Da t k veritaban y netim sistemi ... more details
Wikify date April 2010 Orphan date February 2009 DistributedDatabase Consulting DDBC is a database consulting company that operates Ask DDBC, a popular technology forum. Founded in 1997, DDBC is noted for its contributions to the Oracle database Oracle community and for providing specialist resources. External links http www.ddbcinc.com DistributedDatabase Consulting http www.ddbcinc.com askDDBC Ask DDBC Category Technology companies of the United States Category Information technology companies Category Companies established in 1997 Category Companies based in Troy, Michigan tech company stub ... more details
are the norm. Distributeddatabase These are databases of local work groups and departments ...Merge from Database administrator date January 2010 A database is a system intended to organize, store ... database management system s, which store database contents, allowing data creation and maintenance, and search and other access. Architecture Database architecture consists of three levels external ... model relational database model that dominates 21st century databases. ref name date31 harvnb Date .... A single database can have any number of views at the external level. The internal level defines how ... of indirection between internal and external. It provides a common view of the database that is uncomplicated ... into a coherent whole. ref name date31 Database management systems Main Database management system A database management system DBMS consists of software that operates databases, providing storage, access, security, backup and other facilities. Database management systems can be categorized according to the database model that they support, such as relational model relational or XML database ... s that access the database, such as SQL or XQuery , performance trade offs, such as maximum scale ... Access, SQL Server, FileMaker,Oracle,Sybase, dBASE, Clipper,FoxPro etc. Almost every database software comes with an Open Database Connectivity ODBC driver that allows the database to integrate with other ... web url http en.wikibooks.org wiki Design of Main Memory Database System Overview of DBMS title Design of Main Memory Database System Overview of DBMS publisher En.wikibooks.org date accessdate 2010 ... DBMS RDBMS include Data Definition Language DDL for defining the structure of the database, Data Control ... , Firebird database server FireBird Python programming language Python . SQL engine This component ... of objects instead of relational rows. Types unreferenced section date January 2011 Analytical database Analysts may do their work directly against a data warehouse or create a separate analytic database ... more details
A distributed transaction is an operations bundle , in which two or more network hosts are involved. Usually, hosts provide transactional resources , while the transaction manager is responsible for creating and managing a global transaction that encompasses all operations against such resources. Distributed transactions, as any other Database transaction transactions , must have all four ACID properties, where atomicity guarantees all or nothing outcomes for the unit of work operations bundle . Open Group, a vendor consortium, proposed the X Open XA X Open Distributed Transaction Processing DTP Model X Open XA , which became a de facto standard for behavior of transaction model components. Databases are common transactional resources and, often, transactions span a couple of such databases. In this case, a distributed transaction can be seen as a database transaction that must be synchronized or provide ACID properties among multiple participating database s which are distributed computing distributed among different physical locations. The isolation computer science isolation property the I of ACID poses a special challenge for multi database transactions, since the global serializability property could be violated, even if each database provides it see also global serializability . In practice most commercial database systems use Two phase locking strong strict two phase locking SS2PL for concurrency control , which ensures global serializability, if all the participating databases ... correctness correct completion of a distributed transaction is the two phase commit 2PC . This algorithm ..., ranging from couple of milliseconds to couple of minutes. There are also long lived distributed transactions ... they are irreversibly finished . In practice, long lived distributed transactions are implemented ... MTS fully support distributed transaction standards. References cite web title Web Services Transactions ... of concurrency control and recovery , Morgan Kaufmann, 2002, ISBN 1558605088 DEFAULTSORT Distributed ... more details
A distributed library is a collection of materials available for borrowing by members of a group, yet not maintained or owned by a single entity. The library catalog is maintained on a database that is made accessible to users through the Internet . An early example of this style of library if not the first of its type is the Distributed Library Project of the San Francisco Bay Area . This style of library is still in its infancy. While libraries are being established in several cities worldwide, the San Francisco Bay Area library still only has a few hundred members. Administrative software continues to be developed and distributed. Another example which takes a slightly different approach is Unlibrary.com. In this system users are free to create communities of any size and scope, rather than a single city wide community. For instance a church might have its own community, with church members all able to borrow from each other. Users can also have private, invite only groups. Another example is the digibruted library of Geneva. The name digibruted is coined from Digital and Distributed . It does not mean that the library is brutalized by digital attacks, but rather that the library is a digital construction, indexing real assets books in this case distributed in the real world. The difference from Unlibrary is that the books are freely given to readers, who act also as librarians, in a kind of peer to peer schema. See also BookCrossing External links http www.communitybooks.org The SF Distributed Library Project http dlpdev.theps.net ListOfExistingDlpNodes?v fep A List of Distributed Libraries http unlibrary.com Unlibrary.com http digilioge.wordpress.com The Digibruted Library of Geneva Category Library science edu stub ... more details
multiplayer online game s and virtual reality communities. Distributeddatabase s and distributeddatabase management system s. distributed file system Network file system s. Distributed information ... database centric architecture can enable distributed computing to be done without any form of direct ...Distributed computing is a field of computer science that studies distributed systems. A distributed ... interact with each other in order to achieve a common goal. A computer program that runs in a distributed system is called a distributed program , and distributed programming is the process .... ref Distributed computing also refers to the use of distributed systems to solve computational problems. In distributed computing, a problem is divided into many tasks, each of which is solved by one or more computers. ref harvtxt Godfrey 2002 . ref Introduction The word distributed in terms such as distributed system , distributed programming , and distributed algorithm originally referred to computer networks where individual computers were physically distributed within some geographical area ... While there is no single definition of a distributed system, ref name harvtxt Ghosh 2007 harvtxt ... In this article, the computational entities are called computers or Node networking nodes . A distributed ... with individual needs, and the purpose of the distributed system is to coordinate the use of shared ... 2000 , p. 2. ref Other typical properties of distributed systems include the following The system ... kinds of computers and network links, and the system may change during the execution of a distributed ... Ghosh 2007 , p. 7. harvtxt Lynch 1996 , p. xix, 2. harvtxt Peleg 2000 , p. 4. ref File Distributed parallel.svg thumb right 260px a b A distributed system. br c A parallel system. Parallel and distributed computing? Distributed systems are networked computers operating with same processors. The terms concurrent computing , parallel computing , and distributed computing ... more details
and company files. Greater work life balance may be achieved through a distributed workforce. Companies ... with a distributed workforce. Employers benefit from a more satisfied work force who can work on their own ... more details
File Distributed object communication.png thumb Image describes communication between distributed objects residing in different machines. The term distributed objects usually refers to Computer software ... of the basic object computer science object concept used in the context of distributed computing, such as replicated objects or live distributed objects . replication computer science Replicated objects are groups of software components replicas that run a distributed multi party protocol ... that interacting with any of them exposes the same externally visible state and behavior. live distributed object Live distributed objects or simply live distributed object live objects ref Ostrowski, K., Birman, K., Dolev, D., and Ahnn, J. 2008 . Programming with Live Distributed Objects , Proceedings ... concept to groups of replicas that might internally use any distributed protocol, perhaps resulting in only a weak consistency between their local states. Live distributed objects can also be defined as running instances of distributed multi party protocols, viewed from the object oriented perspective as entities that have distinct identity, and that can encapsulate distributed state and behavior. See also Internet protocol suite . Local vs Distributed Objects Local and distributed objects differ in many respects. ref W. Emmerich 2000 Engineering distributed objects, John Wiley & Sons Ltd. ref Here are some of them Life cycle Creation, migration and deletion of distributed objects is different from local objects Reference Remote references to distributed objects are more complex than simple pointers to memory addresses Request Latency A distributed object request is orders of magnitude slower than local method invocation Object Activation Distributed objects may not always be available to serve an object request at any point in time Parallelism Distributed objects may be executed in parallel. Communication There are different communication primitives available for distributed objects ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Distributed language is a concept in linguistics that language is not an independent symbolic system used by individuals for communication but rather an array of human behavior behaviors that constitute human interaction . ref name languagelinks cite web url http www.psy.herts.ac.uk dlg dist lang links.html title Distributed Language Group Distributed Language and Links accessdate 2008 05 23 ref The concept of distributed language is based on the biological theory of language and the concept of distributed cognition . External links http www.psy.herts.ac.uk dlg index.html The Distributed Language Group at University of Hertfordshire References reflist linguistics stub Category Linguistics ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 A Distributed thinking project is similar to Distributed computing except that the human computer user performs the relevant tasks. The tasks usually being unsuitable or extremely difficult for computers but very easy for humans. Examples include Pattern recognition , proofreading , certain types of error checking . Examples of distributed thinking projects include Stardust home Galaxyzoo Distributed Proofreaders Herbaria home See Also Bossa computing Bossa http www.science.sjsu.edu index.php?q node 339 hominids home http herbariaunited.org atHome Herbaria home DEFAULTSORT Distributed Thinking Category Human based computation Category Crowdsourcing Category Citizen science ... more details
Distributed Ruby or DRb allows Ruby programming language Ruby programs to communicate with each other on the same machine or over a network. DRb uses remote method invocation RMI to pass commands and data between processes. ref http segment7.net projects ruby drb introduction.html Introduction to Distributed Ruby DRb Bot generated title ref See also Java remote method invocation External links http segment7.net projects ruby drb introduction.html Introduction to Distributed Ruby DRb http www.ruby doc.org stdlib libdoc drb rdoc index.html DRb RDoc Documentation http www.tricksonrails.com 2010 04 introducing brb extremely fast interface for doing distributed ruby BrB Extremely fast interface for doing Distributed Ruby References reflist programming software stub Category Ruby programming language Category Inter process communication ru Ruby ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 Image Distributed Memory.jpeg right 300px thumb An illustration of a distributed memory system of three computers In computer science , distributed memory refers to a Multiprocessing multiple processor computer system in which each central processing unit processor has its own private Computer memory memory . Computational tasks can only operate on local data, and if remote data is required, the computational task must communicate with one or more remote processors. In contrast, a shared memory multi processor offers a single memory space used by all processors. Processors do not have to be aware where data resides, except that there may be performance penalties, and that race conditions are to be avoided. Architecture In a distributed memory system there is typically a processor, a memory, and some form of interconnection that allows programs on each processor ... distributed memory machines The key issue in programming distributed memory systems is how to distribute the data over the memories. Depending on the problem solved, the data can be distributed ... be expressed as a distributed memory problem where the data is transmitted first to the node that performs .... Distributed shared memory Similarly, in distributed shared memory each node of a cluster has access ... versus distributed memory versus distributed shared memory The advantage of distributed shared memory is that it offers a unified address space in which all data can be found. The advantage of distributed ... data distribution. The advantage of distributed shared memory is that it is easier to design a machine that scales with the algorithm Distributed shared memory hides the mechanism of communication it does not hide the latency of communication. Parallel Computing DEFAULTSORT Distributed Memory Category Parallel computing Category Distributed computing architecture ar fr M moire distribu e mk Distributed memory ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2007 Distributed Networking is a distributed computing network system, said to be distributed when the computer programming and the data to be worked on are spread out over more than one computer, usually over a network. Prior to low cost computer power on the desktop, computing was centralized. Although such centers still exist, distribution networking applications and data operate more efficiently over a mix of desktop workstations, local area network servers, regional servers, Web servers, and other servers. A popular trend has been client server computing which is simply the view that a client computer can provide certain capabilities for a user and request others from other computers that provide services for the clients. The World Wide Web Web s Hypertext Transfer Protocol is an example of this idea. Enterprises that have grown in scale over the years and those that are continuing to grow are finding it extremely challenging to manage their distributed network in the traditional client server computing model. The recent developments in the field of cloud computing has opened up new possibilities. Cloud based networking vendors have started to sprout offering solutions for enterprise distributed networking needs. Whether it turns out to revolutionize the distributed networking space or turns out to be another fad remains to be seen. See also Distributed data store Distributed file system Cloud based networking Cloud computing , a more general concept whose current implementations are often dependent on data center s rather than a distributed network compu network stub Category File sharing networks Category Distributed data storage ja ... more details
Original research date April 2009 Distributed moderation is a form of Moderation system comment moderation that allows the users to moderate each other. Distributed moderation comes in two types User Moderation and Spontaneous Moderation. When a website utilizes a function to allow user generated submissions to be posted on the site such as a comment system , there are three basic choices about how that content will be moderated first, by the website owner unilaterally deleting editing posts unilateral moderation second, by the users being given the option of voting other users submissions up or down user moderation and third, by allowing no official moderation, which results in other users moderating through the use of responding to others comments spontaneous moderation . The latter two, user moderation and spontaneous moderation, are examples of distributed moderation. Distributed moderation is an example of crowdsourcing , and as such suffers from groupthink . Although it is a more fair system than unilateral moderation, it is not necessarily more free unpopular comments in a distributed moderation setting are often removed or otherwise hidden, even in circumstances where unilateral moderation might have left the comment alone. See also Moderation system Meta moderation system Wikipedia is an example of distributed moderation. Category Internet forum terminology Category Internet culture Category Reputation management ... more details
Orphan att March 2010 date December 2010 Wikify date September 2009 The term distributed creativity is used to describe networked cultural production that allows for the creative interplay of geographically dispersed participants. It is not one artist working on one object but rather a group of authors contributing to an artwork. In media art, one can trace a movement from artwork to network. The obsession with objects as described by Walter Benjamin is replaced with an enthusiasm for the process of interaction. Bill Nichols describes the latter in his essay The Work of Culture in the Age of Cybernetic Systems. External links http cordova.asap.um.maine.edu wagora w agora list.php?bn distributedcreativity eyewrap Distributed Creativity Forum presented by Eyebeam and Still Water at University of Maine http distributedcreativity.org Institute for Distributed Creativity DEFAULTSORT Distributed Creativity Category Creativity ... more details
Primary sources date August 2010 fiction date November 2010 The concept of a distributed republic is that of a fluid republic consisting of land and citizens scattered across the globe, changing far more frequently than conventional nation states . Many of these republics were corporate entities, while others were more loosely connected anarchist communities. The concept is rooted in the anarcho capitalist , dystopian cyberpunk subgenre of science fiction , and was used extensively by novelist Neal Stephenson in his books Snow Crash and The Diamond Age . The Distributed Republic was adopted in 2007 as the name for a blog community started by the members of the original Catallarchy blog. References reflist no footnotes date August 2010 External links http www.distributedrepublic.net The Distributed Republic Blog Community DEFAULTSORT Distributed Republic Category Republicanism Polisci stub ... more details
Cleanup date November 2007 Distributed GIS concerns itself with GIS GI Systems that do not have all of the system components in the same physical location. This could be the processing , the database , the rendering or the user interface . Examples of distributed systems are web based GIS, Mobile GIS ... of a corporate GIS includes the construction of a centralised corporate database that is designed to be the principle resource for an entire organisation. The corporate database is specifically designed ... GIS is the effective management of the corporate database and the establishment of standards such as OGC for mapping and database technologies. Benefits There are many advantages of a corporate GIS ... as a whole. A successfully managed corporate database reduces redundant collection and storage of information .... Therefore it is an ambitious project that aims to develop a European spatial information database ... standards for Distributed GIS are provided by the Open Geospatial Consortium OGC . OGC is a non ... issues concerning distributed GIS is the interoperability of the data since it can come in different ... standards in Distributed GIS is particularly important. General standards for Geospatial Data have ... gateways allows for building very flexible Distributed GI Systems. Unlike monolithic GI Systems ... mash ups . Thus, different services on distributed servers can be combined for service chaining ... web services, sharing distributed data of multiple organisations becomes possible. Other standards ... Location based service Location Based Services LBS are services that are distributed wirelessly and provide ... In distributed GIS, the term mashup refers to a generic web service which combines content and functionality ... Livermore National Laboratory ref There are many different types of distributed computing, two ..., distributed systems, and multi processor computer architectures even at the desktop level clearly ... led to an increase in the number of small businesses advertising on the web. Distributed GIS Acronym ... more details
In statistics and econometrics , a distributed lag model is a model for time series data in which a linear regression regression like equation is used to predict current values of a dependent variable based on both the current values of an explanatory variable and the lagged past period values of this explanatory variable. ref Jeff B. Cromwell, et. al., 1994. Multivariate Tests For Time Series Models . SAGE Publications, Inc. ISBN 0 8039 5440 9 ref ref Judge, George, et al., 1980. The Theory and Practice ... with a distributed lag is by ordinary least squares , putting a pre determined number of lagged ... be estimated only very imprecisely. Therefore researchers often impose structure on the shape of the distributed ... is called a distributed lag model . Structured distributed lag models come in two types finite and infinite. Infinite distributed lags allow the value of the independent variable at a particular time ... distributed lags allow for the independent variable at a particular time to influence the dependent variable for only a finite number of periods. Finite distributed lags The most important finite distributed lag model is the Almon lag ref Almon, Shirley, The distributed lag between capital appropriations ... as the cumulative effect of the independent variable. Infinite distributed lags The most common type of infinite distributed lag model is the geometric lag , also known as the Koyck lag . In this lag ... variable is math b 1 lambda math . Other infinite distributed lag models have been ..., Dale W., Rational distributed lag functions, Econometrica 34, 1966, 135 149. ref , the gamma lag ref Schmidt, Peter, A modification of the Almon distributed lag, Journal of the American Statistical ..., Paul J., A simple, flexible distributed lag technique the polynomial inverse lag, Journal of Econometrics ... lags as flexible infinite distributed lag estimators, Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control 13, 1989, 171 185. ref . See also ARMAX Mixed data sampling References reflist DEFAULTSORT Distributed ... more details
Distributed knowledge is a term used in multi agent system research that refers to all the knowledge that a community of agents possesses and might apply in solving a problem. Distributed knowledge is approximately what a wise man knows or what someone who has complete knowledge of what each member of the communities knows. Distributed knowledge might also be called the aggregate knowledge of a community, as it represents all the knowledge that a community might bring to bear to solve a problem. Other related phrasings include cumulative knowledge, collective knowledge, pooled knowledge, or the wisdom of the crowd. Distributed knowledge is the union of all the knowledge of individuals in a community. Example The logicians Alice and Bob are sitting in their dark office wondering whether or not it is raining outside. Now, none of them actually knows, but Alice knows something about her friend Carol, namely that Carol wears her red coat only if it is raining. Bob does not know this, but he just saw Carol, and noticed that she was wearing her red coat. Even though none of them knows whether or not it is raining, it is distributed knowledge amongst them that it is raining. If either one of them tells the other what they know, it will be clear to the other that it is raining. If we denote by math varphi math that Carol wears a red coat and with math varphi Rightarrow psi math that if Carol wears a red coat, it is raining, we have math K b varphi land K a varphi Rightarrow psi Rightarrow D a,b psi math Directly translated Bob knows that Carol wears a red coat and Alice knows that if Carol wears a red coat it is raining so together they know that it is raining. Distributed knowledge is related to the concept Wisdom of the crowd . Distributed knowledge reflects the fact that no one of us is as smart as all of us. References R. Fagin, J. Y. Halpern, Y. Moses, and M. Y. Vardi. Reasoning about Knowledge , The MIT Press, 1995. ISBN 0 262 56200 6 See also common knowledge dispersed ... more details
Multiple issues original research August 2010 unreferenced June 2007 rewrite August 2007 A distributed development project is a research & development project that is done across many business worksites or locations. It is a form of R&D where the project members may not see each other face to face, but they are all working collaboratively toward the outcome of the project. Often this is done through email , the Internet and other forms of quick long distance communication. It is different from outsourcing because all of the organizations are working together on an equal level, instead of one organization subcontractor subcontracting the work to another. It also is similar to, but different from, a virtual team because there is a research element. Characteristics of distributed development Location People are distributed across multiple locations and work on the same project or product. The reasons for the distributions do not matter, they might include the availability of resources in different locations, closeness to certain clusters, proximity to customers or cost advantages. Examples could be the production of an Airbus or Boeing aircraft those are usually done in multiple locations ... in a distributed development environment, but they actively collaborate together to achieve ... mix. In a distributed environment, project members share ideas, information and resources. To get back ... the world has ever seen the plane is only a success if it flies when assembled. Image Distributed Dev Graphic3.gif center Requirements distributed R&D In summary, distributed development is one of the highest ... main success factors for a distributed development project Select and or recruit good, strong ... of each major project. Build an organizational design that supports working in a distributed development ... beyond pure outsourcing or offshoring , namely much higher motivated employees in all parts of the distributed ... Distributed development Category Management Category Organizational studies and human resource ... more details
Distributed Storage is software for files and directories synchronization locally and between many remote computers connected via LAN or Internet. Also it provides web access to shared files without uploading to file hosting. Features Private Direct access synchronization with another computer. Unlimited amount of data and directories to synchronize. Cross platform Windows and Linux Computers . Automatic processing. Read only storage. File Data masking masks & filters . Fast Web Sharing without uploading files to server. References cite web url http www.geardownload.com system distributed storage.html title Distributed Storage page on GearDownload.com accessdate 2010 03 14 date 2010 03 14 publisher GearDownload.com Reflist Category Backup software storage software stub ... more details
A distributed algorithm is an algorithm designed to run on computer hardware constructed from interconnected Central processing unit processors . Distributed algorithms are used in many varied application areas of distributed computing , such as telecommunications , scientific computing , distributed information processing , and real time process control . Standard problems solved by distributed algorithms include leader election , Consensus computer science consensus , distributed Search algorithm search , Spanning tree mathematics spanning tree generation, mutual exclusion , and resource allocation . ref name lynch1997 cite book last Lynch first Nancy title Distributed Algorithms publisher Morgan Kaufmann Publishers location San Francisco, CA year 1997 edition 1st isbn 978 1558603486 ref Distributed algorithms are typically executed concurrency computer science concurrently , with separate parts of the algorithm being run simultaneously on independent processors, and having limited information about what the other parts of the algorithm are doing. One of the major challenges in developing and implementing distributed algorithms is successfully coordinating the behavior of the independent parts of the algorithm in the face of processor failures and unreliable communications links. The choice of an appropriate distributed algorithm to solve a given problem depends on both the characteristics of the problem, and characteristics of the system the algorithm will run on such as the type ... v math . A typical algorithm for solving consensus is the paxos algorithm . Distributed search Leader ... task distributed among several computers nodes . Before the task is begun, all network nodes are unaware ... in distributed systems. A reliable broadcast is defined by the following properties Validity if a correct ... Distributed Algorithms material here should eventually be absorbed into this article DEFAULTSORT Distributed Algorithms Category Distributed algorithms fr Algorithmique r partie ja ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Orphan date September 2008 Image Brainwave controlled lighting DECONcert setup.jpg thumb right 300px Brainwave controlled distributed dimming system adapts itself to the individual needs of users within the smart building at DECONism Gallery Distributed dimming is dimming many lights by several interconnected dimmers. Reduced wiring cost by shared neutrals Because shared neutrals often cause problems when run upstream of dimmer s, the idea of locating the dimmer as far downstream as possible reduces wiring costs by allowing shared neutral s to be run all the way up to and including the dimmer. The one form of much copied distributed dimming is the Rosco 6 dimmer bar that is supplied by a 3 phase 20 Amp circuit, usually connected to an L21 20 receptacle. As a conservative measure, the 6 dimmer bar usually comes wired with 10 gauge although 12 gauge would be enough for 20Amps wire, having a common shared neutral, and three hot wires, plus a ground 5 conductors in total, including the ground . A shared neutral wire, such as 10 4 10 gauge, 4 conductor, not including ground , runs to an L21 20 receptacle into which the dimming bar is plugged in. On the dimming bar, there are six duplex receptacles, each one fed from an individually controlled by way of DMX512 channel. The first and fourth outlet are on the first phase, the second and fifth on the next phase, and so on, so that the phases are interleaved. Another devices are made by Entertainment Technology who do a sinewave dimmer version , Botex, Showtec s multidim , stairville s power bar and eurolite. Distributed heat dissipation Another advantage of distributed dimming is the elimination of overheating problems in a dimming room. DEFAULTSORT Distributed Dimming Category Lighting Category Stage lighting ... more details
Image Pgdp logo.png right Official logo for Distributed Proofreaders Image Distributed Proofreaders proofreading interface.png right 360px Screenshot of the proofreading interface on Distributed Proofreaders. Distributed Proofreaders commonly abbreviated as DP or PGDP is a web based project that supports ... drafts of e texts for errors. History Distributed Proofreaders was founded by Charles Franks in 2000 as an independent site to assist Project Gutenberg. Distributed Proofreaders became an official Project Gutenberg site in 2002. On 8 November 2002, Distributed Proofreaders was Slashdot effect ... 2002 11 12 distributed proofrea.html title Distributed Proofreading s slashdotting ... text production. Distributed Proofreaders posted their 5,000th text to Project Gutenberg in October ... almost half of works in Project Gutenberg. On 31 July, 2006, the Distributed Proofreaders Foundation was formed to provide Distributed Proofreaders with its own legal entity and Non profit organization .... This process thereby distributes the time consuming error correction process, akin to distributed ... Projects DP Europe In January 2004, Distributed Proofreaders Europe started, hosted by Project ... published at DP. DP Canada On 1 December 2007, Distributed Proofreaders Canada launched ... copyright terms. Although it was established by members of the original Distributed Proofreaders ... in other parts of the world those works may not be distributed because they are still copyright. Notable ... 34263 10,000th E book On 9 March 2007, Distributed Proofreaders announced completing more than 10,000 ... c Distributed Proofreaders http sourceforge.net projects dproofreaders Distributed Proofreaders software at SourceForge Other sites using versions of DP software http dp.rastko.net Distributed Proofreaders Europe http www.pgdpcanada.net Distributed Proofreaders Canada http www.gaga.net pgdp default.php ... Crowdsourcing Category Distributed computing projects Category Human based computation Category ... more details
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