orphan date April 2010 There are two major types of digestion which are extracellular digestion and intracellular digestion. Intracellular digestion is digestion which takes place within the cytoplasm of the organism, as in many unicellular protozoans. Examples Most organisms that use intracellular digestion belong to Kingdom Protista, such as amoeba and paramecium . Amoeba Amoeba uses pseudopodia to capture food in a process called phagocytosis . Paramecium Paramecium uses cilia in the oral groove to bring food into the mouth pore which goes to the gullet. At the end of the gullet, a food vacuole forms. Undigested food is carried to the anal pore. Euglena Euglena is photosynthetic but also engulfs and digests microorganisms. Category Cell biology ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 Artificial digestion is a laboratory technique that reduces digestible material for analytical purposes. Naturally occurring digestive agents such as pepsin and hydrochloric acid are typically used to accomplish artificial digestion. As an example, artificial digestion is used to detect the presence of encysted trichinella larvae in suspected muscle tissue. The meat sample is dissolved by a digestive solution and the remains are examined for the presence of larvae. See also digestion DEFAULTSORT Artificial Digestion Category Parasitology Med stub Parasite stub ar ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 In alchemy , Digestion is a process in which gentle heat is applied to a substance over a period of several weeks. This was traditionally performed by sealing a sample of the substance in a flask, and keeping the flask in fresh horse dung or sometimes in direct sunlight. Today, practitioners of alchemy use thermostat controlled incubators. ref http www.alchemywebsite.com reid2 2.html John Reid s Course on Practical Alchemy II Chapter 2 November 1, 2010 ref Digestion is considered one of the 12 core alchemical processes and is ruled , or dominated , by the zodiac al sign of Leo astrology Leo . References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Digestion Alchemy Category Alchemical processes ... more details
Image Digestion chambers very high mag cropped.jpg thumb right Micrograph showing digestion chambers. HPS stain . Digestion chambers are a histology histologic finding in nerve s that are undergoing Wallerian degeneration . ref name pmid851236 cite journal author Turner JE, Glaze KA title The early stages of Wallerian degeneration in the severed optic nerve of the newt Triturus viridescens journal Anat. Rec. volume 187 issue 3 pages 291 310 year 1977 month March pmid 851236 doi 10.1002 ar.1091870303 url ref Appearance Digestion chambers consist of small globular fragments, which represent degenerating myelin sheaths. See also Nerve injury References Reflist 1 External links http missinglink.ucsf.edu lm ids 104 musclenerve path student musclenerve nervepath.html Basic Nerve Pathology ucsf.edu An Introduction to the Pathology of Nerves Category Neurology Category Neurotrauma ... more details
refimprove date January 2009 In digestion , a bolus from Latin bolus, ball is a mass of food that has been Mastication chewed at the point of swallowing. Once a bolus reaches the stomach, digestion begins. ref http www.merriam webster.com dictionary bolus ref ref http www.britannica.com EBchecked topic 72436 bolus ref See also Chyme References reflist Category Digestive system digestive stub ca Bol alimentari bs Zalogaj es Bolo alimenticio no Bolus ru fr Bol alimentaire ... more details
unreferenced date June 2010 Orphan date June 2010 Merge Carbohydrate catabolism date June 2010 All carbohydrates absorbed in the small intestine must be hydrolyzed to monosaccharides prior to absorption. The digestion of starch begins with the action of salivary alpha amylase, although their activity is slight in comparison with that made by pancreatic amylase in the small intestine. Amylase hydrolyzes starch to alpha dextrin, which are then digested by gluco amylase alpha dextrinases to maltose and maltotriose. The products of digestion of alpha amylase and alpha dextrinase, along with dietary disaccharides are hydrolyzed to their corresponding monosaccharides by enzymes maltase, isomaltase, sucrase and lactase present in the brush border of small intestine. In the typical Western diet, digestion and absorption of carbohydrates is fast and takes place usually in the upper small intestine. However, when the diet contains carbohydrates not easily digestible, digestion and absorption take place mainly in the ileal portion of the intestine. Continue the digestion of food while their simplest elements are absorbed. The absorption of most of digested food occurs in the small intestine through the brush border of the epithelium covering the villi. It is not a simple diffusion of substances, but is active and requires energy use by the epithelial cells In a phase of carbohydrate absorption, fructose is transported by a transporter of fructose into the intestinal cell cytosol, glucose and galactose competes with other Na transporter required for operation. The cytosol, monosaccharides pass into the capillaries by simple diffusion or facilitated diffusion. Carbohydrates that are not digested in the small intestine, including resistant starch foods such as potatoes, beans, oats, wheat flour, as well as several non polisacac ridos oligosaccharides and starch, are digested in a variable when they reach the large intestine. The bacterial flora metabolize these compounds in the a ... more details
Image Haase Lubeck MBT.JPG right thumbnail 350px Anaerobic digestion and regenerative thermal oxidiser ... , 2007 Sustainable energy Anaerobic digestion is a series of processes in which microorganisms break ... and Anaerobic Digestion . Retrieved 22.02.2010. ref As part of an integrated waste management system, anaerobic digestion reduces the emission of landfill gas into the atmosphere. Anaerobic digestion ... which is also produced can be used as fertilizer . The digestion process begins with bacteria ... 20Digestion .pdf Anaerobic digestion reference sheet , waste.nl. Retrieved 25.10.07. ref The technical ... 20Digestion .pdf Anaerobic digestion reference sheet , waste.nl. Retrieved 26.10.07. ref Anaerobic digestion ... in Anaerobic digestion of biomass, p49 ref In 1808, Sir Humphry Davy determined that methane ... 20of 20Methane History 20of 20AD.htm History of anaerobic digestion , web.pdx.edu. Retrieved 17.08.07. ref ref name Anaerobic digestion http www.waste.nl content download 472 3779 file WB89 InfoSheet Anaerobic 20Digestion .pdf Anaerobic digestion , waste.nl. Retrieved 19.08.07. ref The first ... scientific research anaerobic digestion gained academic recognition in the 1930s. This research ... Anaerobic digestion of animal manure , epa.gov. Retrieved 17.08.07. ref This work was developed ... digestion for the treatment of manure. Applications Anaerobic digestion is particularly suited ... ade efw anaerobic.htm Anaerobic Digestion , wasteresearch.co.uk. Retrieved 24.10.07. ref Anaerobic digestion is a simple process that can greatly reduce the amount of organic matter which ... with anaerobic digestion. ref http www.anaerobic digestion.com html introduction to anaerobic dige.html An introduction to anaerobic digestion , anaerobic digestion.com. Retrieved 17.08.07. ref ref http ... by digestion as most anaerobes are unable to degrade lignin . The exception being xylophalgeous anaerobes .... In Germany and continental Europe these facilities are referred to as biogas plants . A co digestion ... more details
Multiple issues wikify November 2010 orphan November 2010 Microwave digestion is a common technique used by elemental scientists to dissolve heavy metals in the presence of organic molecule prior to analysis by inductively coupled plasma , atomic absorption, or atomic emission measurement. This technique is usually accomplished by exposing a sample to a strong acid in a closed vessel, and raising the pressure and temperature though microwave irradiation. This increase in temperature and pressure of the low pH sample medium thereby increases both the speed of thermal decomposition of the sample, and the solubility of heavy metals in solution. Once these heavy metals are in solution, it is possible to quantitate or quantify the sample through elemental techniques. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist H. M. Kingston and Lois B. Jamie. Introduction to microwave sample preparation Theory and practice ACS Professional Reference Book, ACS, Washington, D.C., 1988. Pages xxii 263. External links http www.cem.com cem.com DEFAULTSORT Microwave Digestion Category Analytical chemistry ... more details
Merge from Resomation discuss Talk Tissue digestion Merger proposal date March 2011 Unreferenced date May 2007 Tissue digestion is a method of disposing bodies. The scientific term is alkaline hydrolysis . It is used at several university universities for the remains of animal cadavers as well as for human remains. In mortuary usage, the process is called water reduction or resomation . Method and Invention The remains are dissolved in a mixture of heated water and lye . The remains are reduced to 2 to three percent of the original body weight. After the process is completed, only the bones of a body remain, and these can be ground in one s hand. The remaining protein matter of the body has been dissolved by the lye into a sterile liquid. The process was invented by retired pathology professor Gordon Kaye and retired biochemistry professor Peter Weber in 1992. ref Cite book title Stiff The Curious Lives of Human Cadavers last Roach first Mary authorlink Mary Roach isbn 0 393 32482 6 publisher W. W. Norton & Company pages 252 3 year 2004 ref Advantages For mortuary use, it is ten times cheaper than cremation , since it uses no gas. For disposal of animals, it also destroys prions , which Rendering food processing rendering does not reliably do. It also does not cause air pollution . It is the most environmentally friendly and sanitary method for diposal of cadavers and remains. End products can be recycled as fertilizer . ref Roach 2004, p. 253. ref Use in Mortuaries Mortuary use is hindered by the fact that many of the human remains are liquefied and go into the sewer. Also, the notion of being dissolved causes some people discomfort. In response to the former, a process of dehydrating the liquid remains so they, with what remains of the bones, can be disposed of as traditional ... WR , the company that manufactures tissue digestion equipment http www.bioliquidator.com BioLiquidator, mobile tissue digestion equipment for animal carcasses and disease mitigation http www.biosafeengineering.com ... more details
The in gel digestion is part of the sample preparation mass spectrometry sample preparation for the mass ... 13 Granvogl, B et al., Proteomics , 2007, 7 5 , 642 54. ref The in gel digestion primarily comprises ... mass unit Da . In gel digestion Afterwards the eponymous step of the method is performed, the in gel digestion of the proteins. By this procedure, the protein is cut enzyme enzymatically into a limited ... side effect of the use of proteolytic enzymes is the self digestion of the protease. To avoid this, in the past Calcium Ca sup 2 sup ions were added to the digestion buffer. ref name Vajda ... , 2005, 5 9 , 2319 21. ref Other enzymes used for in gel digestion are the endo protease s Lys ... cases the digestion of the target protein in several approaches with different enzymes is recommended ... 2 , 229 41. ref For the digestion the proteins fixed in the matrix of the gel have to be made accessible ... of the gel pieces by treatment with acetonitrile and subsequent swelling in the digestion ..., the improvement of the in gel digestion has to be achieved by the reduction of the way of the enzyme to its substrate e.g. by cutting the gel to pieces as small as possible. Usually, the in gel digestion ... the time of incubation found in most protocols is 12 15 h. However, experiments about the duration of the digestion ... and pH allows for the completion of the digestion of a sample in 30 min. ref name Havlis, J ... and thereby shorten digestion times and increase protein cleavage and the number and amount of extracted ... s are detergents that are cleaved after digestion, often under acidic conditions. This makes the addition of detergents compatible with mass spectrometry. Extraction After finishing the digestion the peptides .... For the extraction of acidic peptides a solution similar to the concentration and composition of the digestion ... of the common protocols for the in gel digestion are the extended time need and the multiple ... implementations of in gel digestion have to be divided into products for high and for low throughput ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Mergeto Saprobiontic date July 2008 Extra cellular digestion is a process where saprobionts feed by secreting enzymes through the cell membrane onto the food which is in the digestive system spaces. The enzymes catalyse the food into molecules small enough for them to be phagocytosed. Since digestion is done outside the cell, it is said to be extra cellular. Extracellular digestion is a form of digestion found in all saprobiontic annelids, crustaceans, arthropods, lichins and chordates, including vertebrates. It takes place within the lumen of the digestive system, and the resulting nutrient molecules are transferred into the blood or body fluids. See also Saprotrophic nutrition DEFAULTSORT Extra Cellular Digestion Category Eating behaviors Biology stub ca Digesti extracel lular hu Sejten k v li em szt s ... more details
The Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association ADBA is a United Kingdom based trade association for the anaerobic digestion and biogas industries. ADBA was founded in September 2009 by its chairman Rupert Mitford, 6th Baron Redesdale Lord Redesdale and 10 founder member companies to represent businesses involved in the anaerobic digestion and biogas industries, to help remove the barriers they face and to support its members to grow their businesses. Its principal aim is to enable and facilitate the development of a mature anaerobic digestion industry in the UK within 10 years. Recognising there was no industry group that exclusively represented the emerging anaerobic digestion industry in the UK previously the Renewable Energy Association ref http www.r e a.net biofuels biogas Renewable Energy Association Biogas Site, Accessed 21.03.2011 ref and the Association for Organics Recycling ref http www.organics recycling.org.uk Association for Organics Recycling Website, Accessed 21.03.2011 ref had break out groups related to anaerobic digestion ADBA was formed by a number of leading UK based companies ref http www.adbiogas.co.uk ta content.asp?id 14 ADBA s Founding Members, Accessed 22.03.2011 ref including Clarke Energy , Entec, ref http www.entecuk.com news05 126 f.html Entec Welcomes ... ecco view item?listid 1&listcatid 32&listitemid 3551 FiT rates fail to support anaerobic digestion, claims ADBA, 10th February 2011, Accessed 21.03.2011 ref for digestion plants and a biomethane carbon ... show in the UK focussing on anaerobic digestion and biogas, annually in July and an annual conference .... ref http www.lowcarboneconomy.com profile anaerobic digestion and biogas assoc news and press ... 21st March 2011 ref References Reflist External links http www.adbiogas.co.uk Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Association Website DEFAULTSORT Anaerobic Digestion And Biogas Association Category Anaerobic digestion Category Professional associations ... more details
Control Number LCCN 67019834 ref ref http www.anaerobic digestion.com html the anaerobic digestion proces.php What is the anaerobic digestion process? , www.anaerobic digestion.com, retrieved 17.08.07 ..., R. 2006 Methanogenic bacteria in Anaerobic digestion of biomass, p49 ref In an aerobic system ... digestion, to compost the anaerobic digestate allowing further volume reduction and stabilisation. ref http www.foe.co.uk resource briefings anaerobic digestion.pdf Anaerobic digestion briefing , www.foe.co.uk ... digestion performs better the main alternative, composting. ref http www.anaerobic digestion.com html introduction to anaerobic dige.html A comparison of anaeorbic digestion and composting , www.anaerobic digestion.com, retrieved 05.11.07 ref References references Category Anaerobic digestion ... more details
An expanded granular sludge bed EGSB reactor is a variant of the UASB concept. ref http www.uasb.org discover agsb.htm egsb UASB and EGSB Field, J. 2002 Anaerobic granular sludge bed technology pages, anaerobic granular sludge bed reactor technology ref The distinguishing feature is that a faster rate of upward flow velocity is designed for the wastewater passing through the sludge bed. The increased flux permits partial expansion fluidisation of the granular sludge bed, improving wastewater sludge contact as well as enhancing segregation of small inactive suspended particle from the sludge bed. The increased flow velocity is either accomplished by utilizing tall reactors, or by incorporating an effluent recycle or both . A scheme depicting the EGSB design concept is shown in this http www.uasb.org discover agsb.htm egsb EGSB diagram . The EGSB design is appropriate for low strength soluble wastewaters less than 1 to 2 g soluble Chemical oxygen demand COD l or for wastewaters that contain inert or poorly biodegradable suspended particles which should not be allowed to accumulate in the sludge bed. See also Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic digester types Upflow anaerobic sludge blanket digestion External links http www.uasb.org UASB & EGSB Website References references Environmental technology DEFAULTSORT Expanded Granular Sludge Bed Digestion Category Anaerobic digester types waste stub ... more details
can be reused to heat the digestion tanks. The blanketing of the sludge enables a dual solid and hydraulic liquid retention time in the digesters. Solids requiring a high degree of digestion can ... from settled sludge digestion is all used by the aeration process, with little power export. With UASB the aeration the whole process of settlement and digestion occurs in one or more large tank ... of the aeration energy and a doubling of the power generated from digestion, leading over all to a tripling of power generated. See also Portal Sustainable development Anaerobic digestion Anaerobic ... sanitation Environmental technology Anaerobic filter Expanded granular sludge bed digestion ... G title Anaerobic digestion and wastewater treatment systems journal Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek volume ... more details
File Flesh fly concentrating food.jpg thumb 300px Flesh fly, from the Sarcophagidae family blowing a bubble . One explanation for this behaviour is that it concentrates the fly s meal by evaporation. The diet of the flesh fly is very high in water content. The fly regurgitates the liquid portion of the food, holds it whilst evaporation reduces the water content and the fly then swallows a much more concentrated food meal without the water content. This continues until sufficient amount of liquid is left for the fly. Australian Museum Regurgitation is the expulsion of material from the mouth, pharynx, or esophagus, usually characterized by the presence of undigested food or blood. ref Nelson, R.W. and C. G. Couto. Small Animal Internal Medicine, 4th ed. 2009. ref Regurgitation is used by a number of species to feed their young. ref cite book last1 Keeling first1 Linda K. last2 Gonyou first2 Harold W. title Social behaviour in farm animals year 2001 publisher CABI Publishing page 69 isbn 0 8519 397 4 ref This is typically in circumstances where the young is at a fixed location and a parent must forage or hunt for food, especially under circumstances where the carriage of small prey would be subject to robbing by other predators or the whole prey is larger than can be carried to a den or nest. Some birds species also occasionally regurgitate Pellet ornithology pellet s of indigestible matter such as bones and feathers. ref cite book title Birds the inside story first1 Rael last1 Loon first2 H l ne last2 Loon year 2005 publisher Struik Publishers page 183 isbn 1 77007 151 2 ref Penguin Penguins are known to regurgitate in order to feed their young ones. It is in most animals a normal and voluntary process unlike the complex vomiting reflex in response to toxins. In humans In humans it can be voluntary or involuntary, the latter being due to a small number of disorders. Regurgitation of a person s meals following their ingestion is known as rumination syndrome , a rarely ... more details
Wiktionary Digestive may refer to Digestion , biological process of metabolism Digestive biscuit , a British semi sweet biscuit Digestif , small beverage at the end of a meal disambig ... more details
Regurgitation , Regurgiate or Regurgitate can refer to Regurgitation digestion Vomiting Regurgitation circulation Regurgitate band , a goregrind band disambig de Regurgitation fr R gurgitation pt Regurgita o ru ... more details
Disambig A digester is a huge vessel where chemical or biological reactions are carried out. These are used in different types of process industries . Processes where digesters are used Anaerobic digestion Kraft process Sulfite process Soda process ... more details
Parietals may refer to A reptilian diagnostic term, see parietal scales Parietal cells , stomach epithelium cells that secrete gastric acid and intrinsic factor to aid in digestion. disambig ... more details
The internal circulation reactor IC reactor is a form of anaerobic digester . It is primarily designed to treat wastewater . The IC reactor is an evolution of the UASB and EGSB digestion systems. The digester typically produces biogas with a high concentration methane c80 . In essence the IC to improve digestion rates and gas yields. The foot print for the IC reactor is therefore typically smaller however it is taller due to the increased complexity of the reactor. The IC reactor typically comes as part of a two stage anaerobic digestion system where it is preceded by an acidogenesis acidification and hydrolyk tank. Effluent leaving the IC reactor will often require aerobic treatment to reduce biochemical BOD and COD to discharge consent levels. See also Anaerobic digester types waste management Category Anaerobic digester types waste stub pt Reator de circula o interna ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A spermatophylax is a gelatine gelatinous bolus digestion bolus which some male insect s eject during copulation with females through their aedeagus aedeagi together with spermatophore s, and which functions as a nutrition nutritive addition for the female. References reflist Category Entomology Category Sexual anatomy Insect stub fr Spermatophylax ... more details
refimprove date August 2008 Orphan date November 2006 A proteose is any of various water soluble Chemical compound compounds that are produced during digestion by the hydrolytic breakdown of proteins short of the amino acid stage. Category Proteins protein stub zh ... more details
Acetogenesis is a process through which acetate is produced by anaerobic bacteria from a variety of energy for example, hydrogen and carbon for example, carbon dioxide sources. The different bacterial species that are capable of acetogenesis are collectively termed acetogen s. Chemical equation 2 CO sub 2 sub aq 4H sub 2 sub aq CH sub 3 sub COOH aq 2H sub 2 sub O ref http www.me.berkeley.edu ME212 lec6 Thermophiles.pdf search 22acetogenesis 20reaction 22 Thermophiles in the Ocean ref Acetogenesis and anaerobic digestion Acetogenesis is the third stage of anaerobic digestion Hydrolysis Particulates are solubilised and large polymer s are converted into simpler monomer s Acidogenesis Simple monomers are converted into volatile fatty acids Acetogenesis Volatile fatty acids are converted into acetic acid , carbon dioxide , and hydrogen and Methanogenesis Acetate is converted into methane and carbon dioxide, while hydrogen is consumed. See also Reductive acetyl CoA pathway Wood Ljungdahl pathway Anaerobic digestion Acidogenesis Methanogenesis References references Category Anaerobic digestion Category Hydrogen biology waste stub microbiology stub af Asetogenese de Acetogenese es Acetog nesis it Acetogenesi pt Acetog nese uk ... more details
refer William Mowse d. 1588 , an English lawyer and Master of Trinity Hall, Cambridge a List of characters in DC Comics B DC comic character MOWSE may refer to MOWSE , a method for identification of proteins from the molecular weight of peptides created by proteolytic digestion disambiguation ... more details
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