about the naturally occurring small D small form of deoxyribose the small L small form L Deoxyribose chembox verifiedrevid 401982373 Name small D small Deoxyribose ImageFileL1 D dexoyribose chain.png ImageSizeL1 ... Very soluble Section7 Chembox Hazards EUIndex FlashPt Deoxyribose , more precisely 2 deoxyribose ... deoxyribose and 2 deoxyarabinose are equivalent, although the latter term is rarely used because ribose, not arabinose, is the precursor to deoxyribose. Structure Several isomers exist with the formula H C O CH sub 2 sub CHOH sub 3 sub H, but in deoxyribose all the hydroxyl groups are on the same side in the Fischer projection . The term 2 deoxyribose may refer to either of two enantiomer s the biologically important small D small 2 deoxyribose and to the rarely encountered mirror image L Deoxyribose small L small 2 deoxyribose . ref name moens C Bernelot Moens and B Demple 1989 , Multiple DNA repair activities for 3 deoxyribose fragments in Escherichia coli. . Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 17, issue 2, pp. 587 600. ref small D small 2 Deoxyribose is a precursor to the nucleic acid DNA . 2 Deoxyribose is an aldopentose , that is, a monosaccharide with five carbon atom s and having an aldehyde functional group . In aqueous solution, deoxyribose primarily exists as a mixture of three structures ... center 400px Chemical equilibrium of deoxyribose in solution. Biological importance As a component of DNA, 2 deoxyribose derivatives have an important role in biology. ref C.Michael Hogan. 2010. http ... in life, consists of a long chain of deoxyribose containing units called nucleotides , linked via phosphate groups. In the standard nucleic acid nomenclature , a DNA nucleotide consists of a deoxyribose ... to the 1 ribose carbon. The 5 hydroxyl of each deoxyribose unit is replaced by a phosphate forming a nucleotide that is attached to the 3 carbon of the deoxyribose in the preceding unit. The backbone ... from ribose not deoxyribose. The absence of the 2 hydroxyl group in deoxyribose is apparently responsible ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE small L small Deoxyribose Chembox Name small L small Deoxyribose ImageFileL1 L Deoxyribose.png ImageSizeL1 120px ImageFileR1 L Deoxyribose chain.png ImageSizeR1 120px IUPACName 3 R ,4 S 3,4,5 Trihydroxypentanal OtherNames 2 Deoxy small L small erythro pentose 2 Deoxy small L small ribose small L small 2 Deoxyribose Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 18546 37 7 PubChem SMILES O CC C H O C H O CO Section2 Chembox Properties C 5 H 10 O 4 Appearance White solid Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition small L small Deoxyribose is an organic compound with formula C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 4 sub . It is a synthetic monosaccharide , a stereoisomer mirror image of the natural compound Deoxyribose small D small deoxyribose . small L small Deoxyribose can be synthesized from Galactose small D small galactose . ref name shi2002 SHI Zhen Dan, YANG Bing Hui, and WU Yu Lin 2002 , A stereospecific synthesis of L deoxyribose, L ribose and L ribosides . Tetrahedron, volume 58, issue 16, pp. 3287 3296 ref It has been used in chemical research, e.g. in the synthesis of mirror image DNA . ref name urata Hidehito Urata, Emiko Ogura, Keiko Shinohara, Yoshiaki Ueda and Masao Akagi 1992 , Synthesis and properties of mirror image DNA . Nucleic Acids Research, volume 20 issue 13, pp. 3325 3332 ref References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Deoxyribose, L organic compound stub Category Deoxy sugars Category Aldopentoses ... more details
enzyme Name deoxyribose phosphate aldolase EC number 4.1.2.4 CAS number 9026 97 5 IUBMB EC number 4 1 2 4 GO code 0004139 image width caption In enzymology , a deoxyribose phosphate aldolase EC number 4.1.2.4 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 2 deoxy D ribose 5 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate acetaldehyde Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , 2 deoxy D ribose 5 phosphate , and two product chemistry products , D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate and acetaldehyde . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the aldehyde lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 2 deoxy D ribose 5 phosphate acetaldehyde lyase D glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate forming . Other names in common use include phosphodeoxyriboaldolase , deoxyriboaldolase , deoxyribose 5 phosphate aldolase , 2 deoxyribose 5 phosphate aldolase , and 2 deoxy D ribose 5 phosphate acetaldehyde lyase . This enzyme participates in pentose phosphate pathway . Structural studies As of late 2007, 10 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1JCJ , PDB link 1JCL , PDB link 1KTN , PDB link 1MZH , PDB link 1N7K , PDB link 1O0Y , PDB link 1P1X , PDB link 1UB3 , PDB link 1VCV , and PDB link 2A4A . References reflist 1 cite journal author Hoffee PA date 1968 title 2 deoxyribose 5 phosphate aldolase of Salmonella typhimurium purification and properties journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 126 pages 795&ndash 802 pmid 4879701 doi 10.1016 0003 9861 68 90473 6 issue 3 cite journal author Jedziniak JA, Lionetti FJ date 1970 title Purification and properties of deoxyriboaldolase from human erythrocytes journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 212 pages 478&ndash 87 pmid 4989681 issue 3 cite journal author RACKER E date 1952 ... 1965 title The mechanism of action of aldolases. VI. Crystallization of deoxyribose 5 phosphate aldolase ... more details
A deoxyribonucleoside is a type of nucleoside including deoxyribose as a component. ref MeshName Deoxyribonucleosides ref An example is deoxycytidine . References reflist Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides chem stub Category Nucleosides fr D soxyribonucl oside nl Deoxyribonucleoside sr Dezoksiribonukleozid ... more details
A deoxyribonucleotide is the monomer , or single unit, of DNA , or deoxyribonucleic acid. Each deoxyribonucleotide comprises three parts a nitrogenous base , a deoxyribose sugar, and one or more phosphate groups. The nitrogenous base is always bonded to the 1 carbon of the deoxyribose, which is distinguished from ribose by the presence of a proton on the 2 carbon rather than an OH group. The phosphate groups bind to the 5 carbon of the sugar. When deoxyribonucleotides polymerize to form DNA, the phosphate group from one nucleotide will bond to the 3 carbon on another nucleotide, forming a phosphodiester bond via dehydration synthesis . New nucleotides are always added to the 3 carbon of the last nucleotide, so synthesis always proceeds from 5 to 3 . External links MeshName Deoxyribonucleotides Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides ca Desoxiribonucle tid cs Deoxyribonukleotid es Desoxirribonucle tido fr D soxyribonucl otide ko it Deossiribonucleotide nl Deoxyribonucleotide oc Desoxiribonucleotid pl Deoksyrybonukleotydy sr Dezoksiribonukleotid tr Deoksiribon kleotit ... more details
class toccolours border 1 style float right clear right margin 0 0 1em 1em border collapse collapse align center bgcolor ffffff Image Ribofuranose 2D skeletal.png 150px br br Image Deoxyribose.svg 150px Comparison of the chemical br structures of ribose top br and deoxyribose bottom . Image Fucose2.png thumb fucose Image Alpha L Rhamnopyranose.svg thumb rhamnose Deoxy sugars are sugar s that have had a hydroxyl group replaced with a hydrogen atom. Examples include Deoxyribose based upon ribose Fucose Rhamnose External links MeshName Deoxy Sugars http www.chem.qmul.ac.uk iupac 2carb 13.html Overview at qmul.ac.uk organic compound stub biochem stub Carbohydrates Category Deoxy sugars ca Desoxisucre es Desoxiaz car fr D soxyose ja tr Deoksi eker zh ... more details
Watson and Crick were James D. Watson and Francis Crick who, using x ray diffraction data collected by Rosalind Franklin , proposed the double helix or spiral staircase structure of the DNA molecule in 1953 . Their article, Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid , is celebrated for its treatment of the B form of DNA B DNA , and as the source of Watson Crick base pairing of nucleotides. They were, with Maurice Wilkins , awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1962. According to legend, as they walked into the The Eagle pub Eagle pub in Cambridge , Crick announced, We have found the secret of life. ref http news.bbc.co.uk 2 hi science nature 2804545.stm ref ref name time100 The Time 100 at http www.time.com time time100 scientist profile watsoncrick.html time.com retrieved on March 19, 2009 ref References Reflist Category British scientists zh ... more details
In molecular biology and genetics , upstream and downstream both refer to a relative position in DNA or RNA . Each strand of DNA or RNA has a 5 end and a 3 end , so named for the carbons on the deoxyribose or ribose ring. Relative to the position on the strand, downstream is the region towards the 3 end of the strand. Since DNA strands run in opposite directions, downstream on one strand is upstream on the other strand. Image Upstream downstream.JPG Illustration of upstream and downstream Examples Transcription genetics Transcription and translation biology translation of DNA and mRNA, respectively, have their direction defined by the newly synthesized strand, that is, in downstream direction 5 3 . However, this is in upstream direction 3 5 for the copied template strand. See also Upstream and downstream transduction Category Molecular biology tr Ak a a ve ak yukar DNA ... more details
Chembox verifiedrevid 396326178 ImageFile DG chemical structure.png ImageSize 150px IUPACName 2 Amino 9 2 R ,4 S ,5 R 4 hydroxy 5 hydroxymethyl oxolan 2 yl 3 H purin 6 one OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 163230 InChI 1 C10H13N5O4 c11 10 13 8 7 9 18 14 10 12 3 15 8 6 1 4 17 5 2 16 19 6 h3 6,16 17H,1 2H2, H3,11,13,14,18 t4 ,5 ,6 m0 s1 InChIKey YKBGVTZYEHREMT KVQBGUIXBI StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H13N5O4 c11 10 13 8 7 9 18 14 10 12 3 15 8 6 1 4 17 5 2 16 19 6 h3 6,16 17H,1 2H2, H3,11,13,14,18 t4 ,5 ,6 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey YKBGVTZYEHREMT KVQBGUIXSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 961 07 9 PubChem 638 SMILES c1nc2c n1 C H 3C C H C H O3 CO O nH c nc2 O N MeSHName Deoxyguanosine Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 13 sub N sub 5 sub O sub 4 sub MolarMass 267.24 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxyguanosine is composed of the purine nucleoside guanine linked by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of deoxyribose. It is similar to guanosine , but with one hydroxyl group removed from the 2 position of the ribose sugar making it deoxyribose . If a phosphate group is attached at the 5 position, it becomes deoxyguanosine monophosphate . See also 8 Oxo 2 deoxyguanosine Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleosides Category Purines Biochemistry stub ca Desoxiguanosina cs Deoxyguanosin es Desoxiguanosina fr D soxyguanosine it Deossiguanosina nl Deoxyguanosine ja oc Desoxiguanosina pt Desoxiguanosina sr Dezoksiguanozin ur Deoxyguanosine zh ... more details
Dideoxynucleotides , or ddNTPs, are nucleotide s lacking a 3 hydroxyl OH group on their deoxyribose sugar. Since deoxyribose already lacks a 2 OH, dideoxyribose lacks hydroxyl groups at both its 2 and 3 carbons. The lack of this hydroxyl group means that, after being added by a DNA polymerase to a growing nucleotide chain, no further nucleotides can be added as no phosphodiester bond can be created based on the fact that deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates which are the building blocks of DNA allow DNA chain synthesis to occur through a condensation reaction between the 5 phosphate following the cleavage of pyrophospate of the current nucleotide with the 3 hydroxyl group of the previous nucleotide. The dideoxyribonucleotides do not have a 3 hydroxyl group, hence no further chain elongation can occur once this dideoxynucleotide is on the chain. This can lead to the termination of the DNA sequence. Thus, these molecules form the basis of the Chain termination method dideoxy chain termination method of DNA sequencing , which was developed by Frederick Sanger in 1977. ref Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., and Coulson, A. R. DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci , 74 12 5463 7, 1977. ref Dideoxynucleotides are useful in the sequencing of DNA in combination with electrophoresis . A DNA sample that undergoes PCR polymerase chain reaction in a mixture containing all four deoxynucleotides and one dideoxynucleotide will produce strands of length equal to the position of each base of the type that complements the type having a dideoxynucleotide present. That is, each nucleotide base of that particular type has a probability of being bonded to not a deoxynucleotide but rather a dideoxynucleotide, which ends chain elongation. Thus, if the sample then undergoes electrophoresis, there will be a band present for each length at which the Complementary DNA complement of the dideoxynucleotide is present. It is now common to use fluorescent dideoxynucleotides such that each ... more details
DNA deoxyribose sugar phosphate backbone Addition onto 3 OH As replication progresses and the replisome ... III hydrogen bonding C A T A G C A T C C DNA template ss DNA single stranded DNA deoxyribose sugar .... This high processivity is due in part to the clamps that hold onto the DNA strands. DNA deoxyribose ... C A T C C DNA template ss DNA single stranded DNA deoxyribose sugar phosphate backbone Removal ... more details
chembox ImageFile DTMP chemical structure.png ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 365 07 1 PubChem 1139 SMILES MeSHName Thymidine monophosphate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 15 sub N sub 2 sub O sub 8 sub P MolarMass 322.209 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxythymidine monophosphate , also known as 5 thymidylic acid , thymidylate , TMP , or less commonly, dTMP , is a nucleotide that is found in DNA . It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside thymidine . TMP consists of a phosphate Functional group group , the pentose sugar deoxyribose , and the nucleobase thymine . As a substituent , it takes the form of the prefix thymidylyl . See also Nucleoside Nucleotide DNA RNA Oligonucleotide External links Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides biochem stub ca Timidilat es Timidilato fr Thymidine monophosphate nl Thymidinemonofosfaat ja sr Timidin monofosfat zh ... more details
genetics genetic transcription . It is related to deoxyribose , as found in DNA . Once phosphorylated ... C1 in the aldehyde group to C5 . The deoxyribose derivative, found in DNA, differs from ribose by having ... more details
chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 402884613 Reference ref Data is for L xylulose. ref ref Merck Index , 11th Edition, 9996 . ref ImageFileL1 L xylulose.png ImageSizeL1 ImageFileR1 xylulose.png ImageSizeR1 150px IUPACName 3R,4S 1,3,4,5 Tetrahydroxypentan 2 one OtherNames threo Pentulose br threo 2 Pentulose Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 20892 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H10O5 c6 1 3 8 5 10 4 9 2 7 h3,5 8,10H,1 2H2 t3 ,5 m0 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE WVZVXSGGSA N InChI 1S C5H10O5 c6 1 3 8 5 10 4 9 2 7 h3,5 8,10H,1 2H2 t3 ,5 m0 s1 InChIKey1 ZAQJHHRNXZUBTE WVZVXSGGSA N CASNo 527 50 4 PubChem 22253 SMILES C C H C H C O CO O O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 5 sub MolarMass 150.13 g mol Appearance Syrup Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Xylulose is a ketopentose , a monosaccharide containing five carbon atom s, and including a ketone functional group . It has the chemical formula carbon sub 5 sub hydrogen sub 10 sub oxygen sub 5 sub . In nature, it occurs in both the small L small and small D small enantiomer s. Pathology small L small Xylulose accumulates in the urine in patients with pentosuria , due to a deficiency in L xylulose reductase . Since small L small xylulose is a reducing sugar like D glucose small D small glucose , pentosuria patients have been wrongly diagnosed in the past to be diabetic . See also Arabinose Deoxyribose Lyxose Ribose Ribulose Xylose References Reflist External links Carbohydrates ketone stub Category Ketopentoses de Xylulose es Xilulosa fr Xylulose fy Ksiluloaze it Xilulosio ja pt Xilulose ru fi Ksyluloosi tr Ksiluloz ... more details
chembox Name small D small Ribulose ImageFileL1 D ribulose.png ImageSizeL1 88px ImageFileR1 Ribulose.png ImageSizeR1 150px IUPACName 3R,4R 1,3,4,5 Tetrahydroxypentan 2 one OtherNames small D small erythro 2 Pentulose br Adonose br Arabinulose br Araboketose br Ribosone Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 488 84 6 CASOther D br 2042027 5 L br 5556 48 9 DL PubChem 151261 SMILES D C C H C H C O CO O O O br L OCC C H O C H O CO O Section2 Chembox Properties C 5 H 10 O 5 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Ribulose is a ketopentose &mdash a monosaccharide containing five carbon atom s, and including a ketone functional group . It has chemical formula carbon sub 5 sub hydrogen sub 10 sub oxygen sub 5 sub . Two enantiomers are possible, small D small ribulose small D small erythro pentulose and small L small ribulose small L small erythro pentulose . small D small Ribulose is the diastereomer of small D small xylulose . Ribulose sugars are composed in the pentose phosphate pathway . They are important in the formation of many bioactive substances. For example, small D small ribulose is an intermediate in the fungal pathway for small D small arabitol production. Also, as the 1,5 bisphosphate, small D small ribulose combines with carbon dioxide at the start of the photosynthetic process in green plants carbon dioxide trap . A synthetic form of ribulose known as sucroribulose is found in many brands of artificial sweeteners. See also Arabinose Deoxyribose Lyxose Ribose Xylose Xylulose Carbohydrates Category Ketopentoses de Ribulose es Ribulosa fr Ribulose it Ribulosio hu Ribul z ja pt Ribulose ru sr sh Ribuloza tr Ribuloz ... more details
chembox ImageFile Lyxose.png ImageSize 180px ImageFile1 Alpha D Lyxopyranose.svg ImageSize1 150px IUPACName 2R,3R,4S 2,3,4,5 Tetrahydroxypentanal OtherNames L Lyxose br Lyxopyranose Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 1949 78 6 PubChem 65550 SMILES C C H C H C H C O O O O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 5 sub MolarMass 150.13 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Lyxose is an aldopentose &mdash a monosaccharide containing five carbon atom s, and including an aldehyde functional group . It has chemical formula carbon sub 5 sub hydrogen sub 10 sub oxygen sub 5 sub . Lyxose occurs only rarely in nature for example, as a component of bacterial glycolipid s. ref name ACS Kay Hooi Khoo et al. , Chemistry of the Lyxose Containing Mycobacteriophage Receptors of Mycobacterium phlei Mycobacterium smegmatis, Biochemistry , 35 36 , 11812 11819, 1996. http pubs.acs.org cgi bin abstract.cgi bichaw 1996 35 i36 abs bi961055 .html Abstract ref See also Arabinose Deoxyribose Ribose Ribulose Xylose Xylulose References Reflist External links http biocyc.org ECOLI NEW IMAGE?type PATHWAY&object LYXMET PWY E. coli K 12 Pathway L lyxose degradation Carbohydrates Category Aldopentoses de Lyxose es Lixosa fr Lyxose fy Lyksoaze ja pt Lixose tr Liksoz zh ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Context date October 2009 Sequential walking is a technique that can be used to solve various 2D Nuclear magnetic resonance NMR spectra. In a 2D experiment, cross peaks must be correlated to the correct nuclei. Using sequential walking, the correct nuclei can be assigned to their crosspeaks. The assigned crosspeaks can give valuable information such as spatial interactions between nuclei. In a NOESY of DNA , for example, each nucleotide has a different chemical shift associated with it. In general, A s are more downstream, T s are more upstream, and C s and G s are intermediate. Each nucleotide has protons on the deoxyribose sugar, which can be assigned using sequential walking. To do this, the first nucleotide in the sequence must be detected. Knowing the DNA sequence helps, but in general the first nucleotide can be determined using the following rules. 1. 2 and 2 protons of a nucleotide will show up in its column, as well as in the column of the next nucleotide in the sequence. For example, in the sequence CATG, in the column for C, its own 2 and 2 protons will be seen, but none of the other nucleotides. For A, its own 2 and 2 protons will be seen, as well as those from C. 2. Methyl groups on the nucleotide are seen in the column for the nucleotide containing a methyl group, as well as for the nucleotide preceding it. For example, in CATG, the A and T will contain the methyl peak corresponding to the methyl group on T, but G will not. Once the first nucleotide has been found, you determine which nucleotide is next to it because it should contain the 2 and 2 protons form the previous nucleotide. This is done by walking across the spectrum. This process is then repeated sequentially until all nucleotides have been assigned. DEFAULTSORT Sequential Walking Category Nuclear magnetic resonance Chemistry stub ... more details
Threose nucleic acid TNA is a polymer similar to DNA or RNA but differing in the composition of its backbone . TNA is not known to occur naturally. DNA and RNA have a deoxyribose and ribose sugar backbone, respectively, whereas TNA s backbone is composed of repeating threose units linked by phosphodiester bond s. The threose molecule is easier to assemble than ribose making it a possible precursor to RNA. DNA TNA hybrid chains have been made in the laboratory using DNA polymerase. TNA can specifically base pair with RNA and DNA this capability and chemical simplicity suggests that TNA could have preceded RNA as genetic material. See also Abiogenesis Glycol nucleic acid Peptide nucleic acid External links http www.newscientist.com article mg17924052.500.html Was simple TNA the first nucleic acid on Earth to carry a genetic code? , New Scientist http www.sciencemag.org cgi content summary 290 5495 1306 ORIGIN OF LIFE A Simpler Nucleic Acid , Leslie Orgel References cite journal title A Simpler Nucleic Acid last Orgel first Leslie journal Science journal Science year 2000 month November pages 1306 1307 volume 290 issue 5495 doi 10.1126 science.290.5495.1306 pmid 11185405 cite journal title Modified nucleic acids on display last Watt first Gregory journal Nature Chemical Biology year 2005 month February url http www.nature.com nchembio journal vaop nprelaunch full nchembio005.html doi 10.1038 nchembio005 cite journal title Chemical etiology of nucleic acid structure the alpha threofuranosyl 3 2 oligonucleotide system. last Schoning first K coauthors Scholz P Guntha S Wu X Krishnamurthy R Eschenmoser A journal Science journal Science year 2000 month November pmid 11082060 doi 10.1126 science.290.5495.1347 volume 290 pages 1347 51 issue 5495 Nucleic acids Category Nucleic acids Category Polymers genetics stub ca cid treonucleic fr Acide nucl ique thr ose it Acido treonucleico pl TNA ru zh ... more details
enzyme Name phosphopentomutase EC number 5.4.2.7 CAS number 9026 77 1 IUBMB EC number 5 4 2 7 GO code 0008973 image width caption In enzymology , a phosphopentomutase EC number 5.4.2.7 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction alpha D ribose 1 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math D ribose 5 phosphate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , alpha D ribose 1 phosphate , and one product chemistry product , D ribose 5 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically the phosphotransferases phosphomutases , which transfer phosphate groups within a molecule. The systematic name of this enzyme class is alpha D ribose 1,5 phosphomutase . Other names in common use include phosphodeoxyribomutase , deoxyribose phosphomutase , deoxyribomutase , phosphoribomutase , alpha D glucose 1,6 bisphosphate deoxy D ribose 1 phosphate , phosphotransferase , and D ribose 1,5 phosphomutase . This enzyme participates in pentose phosphate pathway and purine metabolism . It has 3 cofactor biochemistry cofactors D ribose 1,5 bisphosphate , alpha D Glucose 1,6 bisphosphate , and 2 Deoxy D ribose 1,5 bisphosphate . Structural studies As of late 2007, only one tertiary structure structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the Protein Data Bank PDB accession code PDB link 2I09 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Hammer Jespersen K, Munch Petersen A date 1970 title Phosphodeoxyribomutase from Escherichia coli. Purification and some properties journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 17 pages 397&ndash 407 pmid 4992818 doi 10.1111 j.1432 1033.1970.tb01179.x issue 3 cite journal author Kammen HO, Koo R date 1969 title Phosphopentomutases. I. Identification of two activities in rabbit tissues journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 244 pages 4888&ndash 93 pmid 5824563 issue 18 Boyer, P.D. Ed. , The Enzymes, 3rd ed., vol. 6, 1972, p. 407 477. isomerase stub Category EC 5.4.2 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
into nucleobases and ribose or deoxyribose. In addition, nucleotides can be broken down inside the cell into nitrogenous base s, and ribose 1 phosphate or deoxyribose 1 phosphate . In medicine ... more details
Image Levene.jpg Phoebus Levene thumb Image Tetranucleotide .png Molecular diagram of a proposed tetranucleotide, later shown to be incorrect. It was proposed by Phoebus Levene around 1910 thumb Phoebus Aaron Theodore Levene, M.D. 25 February 1869 6 September 1940 was a Russian American biochemist who studied the structure and function of nucleic acid s. He characterized the different forms of nucleic acid, DNA from RNA , and found that DNA contained adenine , guanine , thymine , cytosine , deoxyribose , and a phosphate group. He was born into a Jewish family as Fishel Aaronovich Levin in Sagor in Lithuania , Russia but grew up in St. Petersburg Petrograd . There he studied medicine at the Imperial Military Medical Academy M.D., 1891 and developed an interest in biochemistry. In 1893, because of anti Semitic pogrom s, he and his family emigrated to the United States and he practiced medicine in New York . Levene enrolled at Columbia University and in his spare time conducted biochemical research, publishing papers on the chemical structure of sugars. In 1896 he was appointed as an Associate in the Pathological Institute of the New York State Hospitals, but he had to take time off to recuperate from tuberculosis. During this period, he worked with several chemists, including Albrecht Kossel and Emil Fischer , who were the experts in proteins. In 1905, Levene was appointed as head of the biochemical laboratory at the Rockefeller Institute of Medical Research. He spent the rest of his career at this institute, and it was there that he identified the components of DNA . He had discovered ribose in 1909 and deoxyribose in 1929. Not only did Levene identify the components of DNA, he also showed that the components were linked together in the order phosphate sugar base to form units. He called each of these units a nucleotide , and stated that the DNA molecule consisted of a string of nucleotide units linked together through the phosphate groups, which are the backbone of ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 415512928 ImageFile G chemical structure.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2 Amino 9 3,4 dihydroxy 5 hydroxymethyl oxolan 2 yl 3 H purin 6 one OtherNames Guanine riboside Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 6544 InChI 1 C10H13N5O5 c11 10 13 7 4 8 19 14 10 12 2 15 7 9 6 18 5 17 3 1 16 20 9 h2 3,5 6,9,16 18H,1H2, H3,11,13,14,19 t3 ,5 ,6 ,9 m1 s1 InChIKey NYHBQMYGNKIUIF UUOKFMHZBU ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 375655 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C10H13N5O5 c11 10 13 7 4 8 19 14 10 12 2 15 7 9 6 18 5 17 3 1 16 20 9 h2 3,5 6,9,16 18H,1H2, H3,11,13,14,19 t3 ,5 ,6 ,9 m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey NYHBQMYGNKIUIF UUOKFMHZSA N CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo 118 00 3 PubChem 765 SMILES c1nc2c O nH c nc2n1 C H 3 C H C H C H O3 CO O O N MeSHName Guanosine Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 13 sub N sub 5 sub O sub 5 sub MolarMass 283.241 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Guanosine is a purine nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose ribofuranose ring via a N sub 9 sub glycosidic bond . Guanosine can be Phosphorylation phosphorylated to become guanosine monophosphate GMP , cyclic guanosine monophosphate cGMP , guanosine diphosphate GDP , and guanosine triphosphate GTP . These forms play important roles in various biochemical processes such as synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins, photosynthesis , muscle contraction and intracellular signal transduction cGMP . When guanine is attached by its N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of a deoxyribose ring it is known as deoxyguanosine . The structure of guanosine bears similarities to that of the antiviral drug aciclovir , often used in herpes treatment. Guanosine is required for an RNA splicing reaction in mRNA, when a self splicing intron removes itself from the mRNA message by cutting ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
