The Dictionary of Algorithms and DataStructures is a dictionary style reference for many of the algorithm s, algorithmic techniques, archetypal problems and data structure s found in the field of computer science . ref name dads http www.nist.gov dads Dictionary of Algorithms and DataStructures Bot generated title ref The dictionary is maintained by Paul E. Black, ref name dads and is hosted by the Software and Systems Division, Information Technology Laboratory, a part of the National Institute of Standards and Technology . ref name dads It was created in September 1998. ref name dads References reflist External links http www.nist.gov dads Dictionary of Algorithms and DataStructures Category Algorithms Category Datastructures Category Computer science websites Category Government owned websites Category Online dictionaries Category Wikipedia sources ru ... more details
italictitle Algorithms DataStructures Programs ref cite book publisher Prentice Hall date 1976 title Algorithms DataStructures Programs last Wirth first Niklaus language English id 0130224189 isbn 978 0 13 022418 7 url http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 540029 ref is a 1976 book written by Niklaus Wirth covering some of the fundamental topics of computer programming , particularly that algorithm s and data structure s are inherently related. For example, if one has a sorted list one will use a search algorithm optimal for sorted lists. The book was one of the most influential computer science books of the time and, like Wirth s other work, extensively used in education Fact date March 2009 . The Turbo Pascal compiler written by Anders Hejlsberg was largely inspired by the Tiny Pascal compiler in Niklaus Wirth s book. Chapter outline Chapter 1 Fundamental DataStructures Chapter 2 Sorting algorithm Sorting Chapter 3 Recursion Recursive Algorithms Chapter 4 Dynamic Information Structures Chapter 5 Language Structures and Compilers Appendix A the ASCII character set Appendix B Pascal syntax diagrams References reflist External links http www.inf.ethz.ch personal wirth books AlgorithmE0 ETH Zurich N. Wirth Books Compilerbau Algorithms DataStructures Programs Category Computer books Category History of computing cs Algoritmy datov struktury programy ... more details
For the meaning of the terms in programming Static memory allocation Dynamic memory allocation Unreferenced date February 2007 In computer science , a static data structure is a data structure created for an input data set which is not supposed to change within the scope of the problem. When a single element is to be added or deleted, the update of a static data structure incurs significant costs, often comparable with the construction of the data structure from scratch. In real applications, dynamic data structures are used, which allow for efficient updates when data elements are inserted or deleted. There exist methods, called dynamization , to convert static data structures into dynamic ones. Static data means the data that occurs one time during its lifetime. Once it is created it cannot be deleted or modified. Static data is the root of dynamic data and linked with dynamic data as index of it. An example of a static data structure, in Java programming language Java , is an Array. When declaring an Array its size has to be specified, this size is static i.e. it cannot be changed. Data can be inputted into each location in the Array, but after a location has been filled, it cannot be emptied. An example of a dynamic data structure, in Java programming language Java , is a Vector. A Vector has a dynamic size, i.e. its size fluctuates with the new data added to it. Also any location can be edited and or deleted without any hassle. Category Data structures sr ... more details
saved book title Datastructures subtitle cover image Btree.svg cover color Datastructures Introduction Data structure Linked data structure Succinct data structure Implicit data structure Compressed data structure Search data structure Static and dynamic datastructures Persistent data structure Concurrent data structure Abstract data types Abstract data type List computing List Stack data structure Stack Queue data structure Queue Double ended queue Deque Priority queue Associative array Map Bidirectional map Multimap Set computer science Set Tree data structure Tree Arrays Array data structure Row major order Dope vector Iliffe vector Dynamic array Hashed array tree Gap buffer Circular buffer Sparse array Bit field Bit array Bitboard Parallel array Lookup table Lists Linked list XOR linked list Unrolled linked list VList Skip list Jump list Self organizing list Binary trees Binary tree Binary search tree Self balancing binary search tree Tree rotation Weight balanced tree Threaded binary tree AVL tree Red black tree AA tree Scapegoat tree Splay tree T tree Rope computer science Rope Top Tree Top Trees Tango Trees Van Emde Boas tree Cartesian tree Treap B trees B tree B tree B tree B sharp tree Dancing tree 2 3 tree 2 3 4 tree Queaps Fusion tree Bx tree Heaps Heap data structure Heap Binary heap Binomial heap Fibonacci heap 2 3 heap Pairing heap Beap Leftist tree Skew heap Soft heap Ternary heap D ary heap Tries Trie Radix tree Suffix tree Suffix array Compressed suffix array FM index Generalised suffix tree B trie Judy array Directed acyclic word graph Multiway trees Ternary search tree And or tree a,b tree a,b tree Link cut tree SPQR tree Spaghetti stack Disjoint set data structure Space partitioning trees Space partitioning Binary space partitioning Segment tree Interval ... Library Category Wikipedia books on computer science Datastructures ... data structure Graph Adjacency list Adjacency matrix And inverter graph Binary decision diagram Binary ... more details
This is a list of data structure s. For a wider list of terms, see list of terms relating to algorithms and datastructures . For a comparison of running time of subset of this list see comparison of datastructures . Data types Primitive type s Boolean data type Boolean for boolean values True False Character computer science Char for character values IEEE 754 Float for storing decimal values Double precision Double a larger size of type float Integer 28computer science 29 int for integral or fixed precision values String 28computer science 29 String for string of chars Composite type s Record computer science Record also called tuple or struct Tagged union also called a Variant type variant ... associated with them. Linear datastructures Arrays Array data structure Array Bidirectional ... heap Treap Beap Skew heap Ternary heap D ary heap Tries In these datastructures each tree node compares ... tree Link cut tree SPQR tree Spaghetti stack Disjoint set data structure Fusion tree Enfilade Xanadu Enfilade Exponential tree Fenwick tree Space partitioning trees These are datastructures used for space ... graph Directed graph Multigraph Category Datastructures ko hi it Lista ... data types Container data structure Container Deque Associative array Map Associative array Dictionary Multimap Set computer science Multiset Multiset Priority queue Queue data structure Queue Set computer science Set Stack data structure Stack String computer science String Tree computer science Tree Graph data structure Graph Hash Some properties of abstract data types class wikitable Structure ... List yes no 1 Associative array Map no yes 2 Stable means that input order is retained. Other structures ... Self organizing list Skip list Unrolled linked list VList Xor linked list Zipper data structure Zipper ... 2 3 4 tree Queap Fusion tree Bx tree Moving Object Index Bx tree Heaps Heap data structure Heap ... Graph data structure Graph Adjacency list Adjacency matrix Graph structured stack Scene graph Binary ... more details
Level Set DataStructures Category Computer graphics datastructures Category Image processing ...In computer science a level set data structure is designed to represent discretely Sampling statistics sampled dynamic level sets functions. A common use of this form of data structure is in efficient image Rendering computer graphics rendering . The underlying method constructs a distance transform signed distance field that extends from the boundary, and can be used to solve the motion of the boundary in this field. Chronological developments The powerful level set method is due to Stanley Osher Osher and James Sethian Sethian 1988 ref name Osher Osher, S. & Sethian, J. A. 1988. Fronts propagating with curvature dependent speed Algorithms based on Hamilton Jacobi formulations . Journal of Computation Physics 79 12 49. ref . However, the straightforward implementation via a dense d dimensional array data structure array of values, results in both time and storage complexity of math O n d math , where math n math is the cross sectional resolution of the spatial extents of the domain and math d math is the number of spatial dimensions of the domain. Narrow band The narrow band level set method, introduced in 1995 by Adalsteinsson and Sethian ref name Adalsteinsson Adalsteinsson, D. & Sethian, J. A. 1995. A fast level set method for propagating interfaces. Journal of Computational Physics . 118 2 269 277. ref , restricted most computations to a thin band of active voxel s immediately surrounding the interface, thus reducing the time complexity in three dimensions to math O n 2 math for most operations. Periodic updates of the narrowband structure, to rebuild the list of active ... ref name Whitaker Whitaker, R. T. 1998. A level set approach to 3d reconstruction from range data ... and smoke with an octree data structure. ACM Transactions on Graphics . 23 3 457 462. ref , uses a tree ... Grid An efficient data structure and algorithms for high resolution level sets. Journal of Scientific ... more details
The http www.nist.gov dads NIST Dictionary of Algorithms and DataStructures is a reference work maintained ... relating to algorithms and datastructures . For algorithms and datastructures not necessarily mentioned here, see list of algorithms and list of datastructures . This list of terms was originally ... meld datastructures memoization merge algorithm merge sort meromorphic function metaheuristic ... of computer terms Algorithms and datastructures Category Indexes of articles Algorithms and datastructures Category Algorithms Category Datastructures Category Glossaries on mathematics ru ... A absolute performance guarantee abstract data type a,b tree accepting state Ackermann s function active data structure acyclic directed graph acyclic graph adaptive heap sort adaptive Huffman ... matrix representation adjacent abstract data type ADT adversary online algorithm adversary algorithm ... matching approximation algorithm arborescence graph theory arborescence arithmetic coding Array data ... write computer configuration configuration confluently persistent data structure Logical conjunction ... distance data structure DAWG Decidability logic decidable decidable language Decimation signal processing ... and marriage before conquest division method Data domain don t care Doomsday rule double direction ... dynamic data structure dynamic hashing dynamic programming dynamization transformation E Glossary of graph ... external index external memory algorithm external memory data structure external merge external ... fully persistent data structure fully polynomial approximation scheme function programming function mathematics functional data structure G Galil Giancarlo Galil Seiferas gamma function GBD tree greatest common divisor GCD geometric optimization problem global optimum gnome sort goobi Graph data structure ... data structure heap heapify heap property heapsort heaviest common subsequence height height balanced ... persistent data structure partial order partial recursive function partition set theory passive ... more details
dablink For data in a computer science context, see Data computing . For other senses of the word, see Data disambiguation . See also datum , a disambiguation page. pp move indef Editors please keep the count mass discussion and etymology in the body, not the intro. The term data refers to qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable mathematics variable or set of variables. Data plural of datum are typically the results of measurements and can be the basis of graph data structure graph s, image s, or observations of a set of variables. Data are often viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and then knowledge are derived. Raw data , i.e. unprocessed data, refers ... that collect information to convert physical quantities into symbols. Etymology The word data pron ... . It is derived from ancient Persian word data . In discussions of problems in geometry , mathematics , engineering , and so on, the terms givens and data are used interchangeably. Also, data is a representation of a fact, figure, and idea. Such usage is the origin of data as a concept in computer science data are numbers, words, images, etc., accepted as they stand. Usage in English Weasel date ... data are measured. Any measurement or result is a datum , but data point is more common, ref cite ... . Both datums see usage in datum geodesy datum article and the originally Latin plural data are used as the plural of datum in English, but data is commonly treated as a mass noun and used with a verb ... the data from the experiment . This usage is inconsistent with the rules of Latin grammar and traditional English These are all the data from the experiment . Even when a very small quantity of data is referenced One number, for example the phrase piece of data is often used, as opposed to datum ... generic.xsl& publisher IEEE Computer Society ref allow usage of data as either a mass noun or plural ... data as a plural noun. For example, the Air Force Flight Test Center specifically states that the word ... more details
otheruses Data disambiguation Debt, AIDS, Trade, Africa or DATA was a multinational Non governmental organization non government organization founded in January 2002 in London by U2 s Bono along with Robert Sargent Shriver III Bobby Shriver and activist s from the Jubilee 2000 Drop the Debt campaign. DATA was created for the purpose of obtaining social equality equality and justice for Africa through debt relief , adjusting trade rules which burden Africa, eliminating the AIDS in Africa African AIDS epidemic, strengthening democracy , more accountability by the wealthiest nations and African leaders and Transparency humanities transparency towards the people. In 2007, DATA and Bono were jointly awarded the National Constitution Center s 2007 Liberty Medal for their groundbreaking efforts to address the AIDS crisis and extreme poverty in Africa. Start up funds came from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation , financier George Soros , and technology entrepreneur Edward W. Scott . ref cite news url http www.time.com time printout 0,8816,1142270,00.html title The Constant Charmer author Josh Tyrangiel date 2005 12 19 work Time Magazine ref In 2007, DATA and the ONE Campaign decided to join forces, and in January 2008, they formally merged under the name ONE. ref cite news url http www.reuters.com article idUSN2953856520071029 title Bono s U.S. based anti poverty groups to merge author Lesley Wroughton date 2007 10 29 work Reuters ref DATA received support from the Christian rock Alternative rock bands Switchfoot and Third Day . References references External links http www.one.org ONE official site Category International nongovernmental organizations Category HIV AIDS in Africa Category Organizations founded by Bono int org stub de Debt, AIDS, Trade in Africa it DATA vi DATA ... more details
Parallel structures may refer to 38th parallel structures , a series of carboniferous craters of the United States, approximately lying on the 38th parallel north Parallel structure , a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses disambig ... more details
In chemistry and crystallography, structures of identical atoms that are characterized by the same set of interatomic distances are defined as homometric structures . ref cite journal last Patterson first A.L. title Homometric Structures journal Nature year 1949 volume 143 pages 939 940 doi 10.1038 143939b0 url http www.nature.com nature journal v143 n3631 abs 143939b0.html ref Homometric crystal structures produce identical diffraction patterns therefore, they cannot be distinguished by a diffraction experiment. gallery Image homometric1.png Example of two homometric structures top formed by the convolution between two non centrosymmetric structures bottom with different orientations. gallery See also Patterson function Arthur Lindo Patterson Notes references Category Stereochemistry chem stub ... more details
infobox Book name Syntactic Structures title orig translator image include the file and the image size ... 1st Edition english pub date media type pages 117 isbn oclc preceded by followed by Syntactic Structures ... 1957 15 ref The publishing of Syntactic Structures is believed by many academics to be a watershed ..., linguist Robert Lees linguist Robert Lees wrote cquote Chomsky s book on syntactic structures ... reorganization of the data into a new kind of library catalog, nor another speculative philosophy about ... with new data and other intuitions, all based plainly on an overt theory of the internal structure ... Structures that was Chomsky s first ever published book, a short monograph that distilled ... mountco 18.htm ref and a revised version of these notes were published as Syntactic Structures in the first ... appeared in 1957, under the title Syntactic Structures . In a more recent interview Dillinger & Pal cio ... of Syntactic Structures course notes for undergraduate science students published by accident ... from fellow American linguists, like Lees 1957 above, made Syntactic Structures visible on the linguistic .... ref Searle 1972 and Newmeyer 1996 ref Overview of topics in Syntactic Structures In Syntactic Structures , Chomsky tries to construct a formalized theory of linguistic structure and places ... of phoneme s. In Syntactic Structures , Chomsky invented the term generative and used it in a particular ... upon the current linguistic theory than Chomsky s Syntactic Structures . ref Lyons 1966 ref ... Structures was probably the most radical and important change in direction in descriptive linguistics ... historian of linguistics Frederick Newmeyer considers Syntactic Structures revolutionary for two ... Newmeyer 1996 24 26 ref Syntactic Structures also introduced Chomsky s Mentalism philosophy mentalist ... study of language . Before Syntactic Structures , psychologists treated human language in terms ... in the following decades. Syntactic Structures also initiated an interdisciplinary dialog between Philosophy ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Stone structures , or megalith s , have been erected by mankind for thousands of years. Many of these structures were built around the same time, the 3rd millennium BC . Some of the better known ones Easter Island Egyptian Pyramids Medicine wheel s Stone circle Stone circle Iron Age Stonehenge Stone ship See also Petroforms Rock Art Inukshuk DEFAULTSORT Stone Structures Category Megalithic monuments Architecture stub ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 In anatomy, Wolffian structures are male urogenital structures that include the epididymis , vas deferens , and seminal vesicle s. They are often referred to in cases of androgen insensitivity syndrome . See also Wolffian duct , anlage for certain male reproductive organs. Wolffian tubules , precursors of the mesonephros. Male reproductive system DEFAULTSORT Wolffian Structures Category Andrology Category Exocrine system Category Male reproductive system Genitourinary stub ... more details
Personal Structures is an international contemporary art platform, which generates the possibility for artists and art historians to discuss philosophical concepts in art . Personal Structures was initiated in 2003 by the artist Rene Rietmeyer . At first, the platform took shape in the form of exhibitions. Later on, in 2005, symposia were added as means for expressing thought. The first Personal Structures symposium was held at the Ludwig Museum in Germany . Personal Structures developed in the years after. In 2007 and 2008 a symposium series was organised about the concepts time , space and existence . Artists who have been involved in Personal Structures are, amongst others, Joseph Kosuth , Wolfgang Laib , Roman Opalka , and Lawrence Weiner . Literature Peter Lodermeyer, Karlyn De Jongh & Sarah Gold, Personal Structures Time Space Existence , DuMont, Germany 2009 Peter Lodermeyer, Personal Structures Works and dialogs , GlobalArtAffairs Publishing, New York, 2003 Peter Lodermeyer ed. , Personal Structures Symposium Ludwig Museum , GlobalArtAffairs Publishing, New York, 2006 References reflist http www.sculpture.org documents scmag06 julaug 06 Girardoni girardoni.shtml Article about Personal Structures in Sculpture Magazine USA http www.balkon.hu balkon05 05 06ivanyi.html Personal Structures in Art Magazine Balkon Hungary http www.globalartaffairs.com index.aspx?menuitem 177 Personal Structures in Junge Kunst Magazine Germany http www.denieuwe.nl pdf DeNieuwenr15.pdf Art Magazine De Nieuwe The Netherlands http www.cornerhouse.org books info.aspx?ID 715&page 0 Cornerhouse Publications United Kingdom http www.ludwigmuseum.org engl exhibitions retro 05 personal structures 05.htm Ludwig Museum Germany http www.globalartaffairs.org GlobalArtAffairs Foundation External links reflist http www.personalstructures.org personalstructures.org http www.rietmeyer.com rietmeyer.com ... art nl Personal Structures ... more details
Merge Structural mechanics date September 2010 Unreferenced date January 2008 Mechanics of structures is a field of study within applied mechanics that investigates the behavior of structures under mechanical loads, such as bending of a beam, buckling of a column, torsion of a shaft, deflection of a thin shell, and vibration of a bridge. Major topics Beam theory Buckling Earthquake engineering Finite element method in structural mechanics Plates and shells Torsion mechanics Torsion Trusses Structural dynamics Structural instability Category Mechanics Category Earthquake engineering ... more details
The calculus of structures is a proof calculus with deep inference for studying the structural proof theory of noncommutative logic . The calculus has since been applied to study linear logic , classical logic , modal logic , and process calculi , and many benefits are claimed to follow in these investigations from the way in which deep inference is made available in the calculus. References Alessio Guglielmi 2004 ., A System of Interaction and Structure . ACM Transactions on Computational Logic. Kai Br nnler 2004 . Deep Inference and Symmetry in Classical Proofs . Logos Verlag. External links http alessio.guglielmi.name res cos Calculus of structures homepage http www.informatik.uni leipzig.de ozan maude cos.html CoS in Maude page documenting implementations of logical system s in the calculus of structures, using the Maude system . Category Logical calculi logic stub ... more details
Italic title Infobox Journal title Materials and Structures cover File Materials and Structures Cover.jpg editor Jacques Marchand discipline Materials science Materials Science , Engineering abbreviation publisher Springer Science Business Media Springer Netherlands country Netherlands frequency 10 year history 1968 present openaccess impact 0.753 impact year 2009 website http www.springer.com journal 11527 link1 http www.springerlink.com content 1871 6873 link1 name Online access link2 http www.rilem.net ms.php link2 name Journal page at society website RSS http www.springerlink.com content 1871 6873?sortorder asc&export rss atom JSTOR OCLC LCCN CODEN ISSN 1359 5997 eISSN 1871 6873 Materials and Structures is a Peer review peer reviewed scientific journal published by Springer Science Business Media Springer Netherlands on behalf of the International Union of Laboratories and Experts in Construction Materials, Systems and Structures RILEM . Scope The journal publishes papers examining the fundamental properties of building materials, their characterization and processing techniques, modeling, standardization of test methods, and the application of research results in building and civil engineering. Materials and Structures also publishes comprehensive reports prepared by RILEM s technical committees. Abstracting and indexing The journal is abstracted indexed in InfoTrac Academic OneFile , Chemical Abstracts Service CAS , Compendex , CSA ProQuest , Current Contents Engineering, Gale , GeoRef , Google Scholar , International Construction Database ICONDA , Journal Citation Reports Science Edition, Materials Science Citation Index , Online Computer Library Center , PASCAL database PASCAL , Science Citation Index Science Citation Index Expanded , Scopus , Summon by Serial Solutions ...?detailsPage editorialBoard title Materials and Structures Editorial Board format work www.springer.com ... Materials, Systems and Structures RILEM DEFAULTSORT Materials And Structures Category English language ... more details
Structures I 1952 and Structures II 1961 are two related works for two piano s, composed by the France French composer Pierre Boulez . The first book of Structures was begun in early 1951, as Boulez was completing his orchestral work Polyphonie X , and finished in 1952. It consists of three movements, or chapters , labelled Ia , Ib , and Ic , composed in the order a , c , b . The first of the second book s two chapters was composed in 1956, but chapter 2 was not written until 1961. The second chapter includes three sets of variable elements, which are to be arranged to make a performing version H usler 1965, 5 . Image Messiaen Mode de valeurs et d intensites series upper line Boulez Structures Ia.png thumb center 550px Olivier Messiaen s Mode de valeurs et d intensit s highest of three unordered divisions of the mode Grant 2001, 61 Toop 1974, 144 or, less precisely, three series forms caption for pitch, duration, dynamics, and articulation ...treated as unordered collections, Whittall 2008, 172 audio Messiaen Mode de valeurs et d intensites series upper line Boulez Structures Ia.mid Play which Boulez, the pupil intending to teach the master a lesson, adapted as an ordered series for his Structures Ia Whittall 2008, 172 Structures I was the last and most successful of Boulez s works to use the technique of Serialism integral serialism Hopkins and Griffiths 2001 , wherein many parameter s of a piece s construction are governed by serial principles, rather than only pitch. Boulez ... Structures II is, on the other hand, a reconstruction of Structures I its material is reused .... Klangfelder und Formfl chen Kompositorische Grundprinzipien im II. Band der Structures von Pierre Boulez . In liner notes to Pierre Boulez Structures pour deux pianos, premier livre et deuxi me livre ... Faber and Faber. ISBN 0 571 14347 4. Deli ge, C lestin. 1981. Deux aspects de l univers boulezien Structures ... Bl tter no. 10 19 29. External links http www.crookedmusic.com words boulez.htm Critique of Structures ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Unit Structures Type Studio album Artist Cecil Taylor Cover Cecil Taylor Unit Structures album cover .jpg Released 1966 Recorded May 19, 1966 Genre Free jazz Length 56 27 Label Blue Note Producer Alfred Lion Reviews Allmusic class album id r148643 rating 5 5 Last album Nefertiti the Beautiful One Has Come br 1962 This album Unit Structures br 1966 Next album Conquistador br 1966 Unit Structures is a 1966 album by Cecil Taylor released on the Blue Note Records Blue Note label. The Allmusic Review by Scott Yanow states Taylor s high energy atonalism fit in well with the free jazz of the period but he was actually leading the way rather than being part of a movement... In fact, it could be safely argued that no jazz music of the era approached the ferocity and intensity of Cecil Taylor s . ref Yanow, S. Allmusic class album id r148643 pure url yes Allmusic Review accessed 10 July 2009 ref Track listing All compositions written by Cecil Taylor . Steps 10 20 Enter, Evening 11 06 Enter, Evening alternate take 10 11 Unit Structure As of a Now Section 17 47 Tales 8 Whisps 7 14 Recorded at Englewood Cliffs NJ, May 19, 1966 Personnel Eddie Gale Eddie Gale Stevens, Jr. trumpet Jimmy Lyons alto sax Makanda Ken McIntyre Ken McIntyre alto sax, oboe , bass clarinet Cecil Taylor piano , bell instrument bells Henry Grimes double bass bass Alan Silva bass Andrew Cyrille drum kit drums References reflist Category 1966 albums Category Blue Note Records albums Category Cecil Taylor albums Category Albums produced by Alfred Lion 1960s jazz album stub pl Unit Structures ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 Opportunity Structures , in sociology and related social science disciplines, are exogenous factors which limit or empower collective actors social movements . In explaining the evolution of social movements, the structuralist approach emphasizes the that factors and external to the movements themselves, such as the level and type of state repression, or the group s access to political institutions, shape the development of the movement such factors are called opportunity structures. Doug McAdam summarizes at least four key dynamic components of the political opportunity structure blockquote 1. the relative openness or closure of the institutionalized political system 2. the stability or instability of that broad set of elite alignments that typically undergird a polity 3. the presence or absence of elite allies 4. and the state s capacity and propensity for repression. ref Douglas McAdam, Conceptal origins, current problems, future directions, in Douglas McAdam, John D. McCarthy, Mayer Y. Zald ed. , Comparative perspectives on social movements. Political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings Cambridge studies in comparative politics , Cambridge 1999, pp. 23 40, here p. 27 ref blockquote Political opportunity structures can constrain or expand the field of collective action in four ways 1. they expand the group s own opportunities 2. they expand opportunities for others 3. create opportunities for opponents 4. and create opportunities for elites references Douglas McAdam, Conceptal origins, current problems, future directions, in Douglas McAdam, John D. McCarthy, Mayer Y. Zald ed. , Comparative perspectives on social movements. Political opportunities, mobilizing structures, and cultural framings Cambridge studies in comparative politics , Cambridge 1999, pp. 23 40, here p. 27 Category Sociology socio stub ... more details
, near Gunlock, Utah . Sedimentary structures are those structures formed during sediment deposition sediment deposition . Sedimentary structures such as cross bedding , graded bedding and ripple ... of the sediment. Flow structures Image Megaripple.JPG thumb Megaripple dune, formed in the upper flow regime, from Utah. There are two kinds of flow structures bidirectional multiple directions, back ... speeds and velocities produce different structures, are called bedform s. In the lower flow regime ... direction. Three common sedimentary structures that are created by these processes are herringbone ... . B ref ref http jsedres.geoscienceworld.org cgi content abstract 35 4 922 C ref Biological structures ... created sedimentary structures exist, called trace fossil s. Examples include burrow s and various ... Induced Sedimentary Structures . Soft sediment deformation structures Image Reedsville Fm ... Bedford Co. , PA. Soft sediment deformation structures or SSD, is a consequence of the loading ... sediment due to its own weight. There are three common variants of SSD load structures ... down on and into a less dense sediment below. pseudonodules or ball and pillow structures , are pinched off load structures these may also be formed by earthquake energy and referred to as seismite s. flame ... of sedimentary material that cut across sedimentary strata. Bedding plane structures Image FluteCast.JPG ... in rock at Roundtop Hill Maryland Roundtop Hill , Maryland. Bedding Plane Structures are commonly ... curl upwards, so they can be used as geopetal structures. Syneresis cracks form in a similar way ... within plane beds. Within bedding structures Image Logan Formation Cross Bedding Scour.jpg thumb Cross ... HumXSec.JPG thumb Hummocky Cross Stratification from Utah These structures are within sedimentary ... typical of shallow water, finer grained sediment. Secondary sedimentary structures Secondary sedimentary structures form during the diagenesis of a sedimentary rock. Common secondary structures ... more details
orphan date June 2009 Infobox Company name Summit Structures LLC logo Image summit 294 150 TM.jpg 200px type Internation LLC foundation founder location 946 North Van Buren Street, Allentown, Pennsylvania key people Nathan Stobbe, President & CEO num employees industry Construction , Manufacturing products Steel framed, engineered fabric buildings slogan From concept to completion and beyond revenue operating income profit net income homepage http www.summitstructures.com Summit Structures is a construction and manufacturing company based in Allentown, Pennsylvania , United States . Summit Structures provides fabric membrane buildings up to 300 wide including design, construction, and project management services for structures built for temporary and permanent use. Offices are centrally located in Canada , United States and the United Kingdom . In the news Summit was the maker of the Dallas Cowboys practice facility that collapsed on May 2, 2009 during a wind storm. The National Weather Service confirmed that a microburst impacted the Valley Ranch area where the practice facility was situated . A microburst is an intense downdraft which results in a localized area of strong thunderstorm winds. In extreme cases, microbursts can have winds which exceed 100 mph. ref http www.accuweather.com news weather features.asp?date 2009 05 04 0919 ref However, a draft report from the National Institute of Standards and Technology NIST issued in October 2009 and finalized in January 2010 said the Cowboys facility collapsed in wind speeds of only 55 to 65 mph. ref http www.nist.gov manuscript publication search.cfm?pub id 904696&division 861 ref Summit s parent company, Cover All Building Systems, Inc., of Saskatchewan, Canada, filed for bankruptcy in March 2010. ref http www.lehighvalleylive.com sports index.ssf 2010 03 parent company of summit struc.html ref The collapse left ... Summit Structures Category Allentown, Pennsylvania Category Manufacturing companies ... more details
Orphan date June 2010 Dynamic Structures is a Canadian company with a history in steel fabrication dating back to the 1920s. They create amusement ride s, theme park rides, observatory telescopes and other complex steel structures. Astronomy Projects File Canada France Hawaii Telescope dome.jpeg thumb Canada France Hawaii Telescope Dynamic Structures has been involved in the design and construction of most of the world s largest observatories. ref Industry Canada, Company Directories, 2009 03 09, http www.ic.gc.ca app ccc srch nvgt.do?sbPrtl &prtl 1&estblmntNo 101479240000&profile cmpltPrfl&profileId 1484&app sold&lang eng ref These include Canada France Hawaii Telescope Enclosure, Hawaii Isaac Newton Telescope Enclosure,La Palma Canary Islands William Herschel Telescope Enclosure, La Palma W.M. Keck Observatory , Phase 1 Enclosure, Hawaii Owens Valley Radio Observatory 3 Radio Telescope Support Structures, California Starfire Optical Range Enclosure, New Mexico W.M. Keck Observatory, Phase 2 Enclosure, Hawaii W.M. Keck Observatory, Phase 2 Telescope Structure, Hawaii Subaru Telescope Enclosure, Hawaii Gemini North and Gemini South 2 Enclosures, Hawaii & Chile Atacama Cosmology Telescope Currently the company is busy with the design of what will be the largest telescope in the world, called the Thirty Meter Telescope ref CBC News, Scientists team up with B.C. firm to build biggest ever optical telescope, 2009 04 08, http www.cbc.ca technology story 2009 04 07 tech 090407 thirty metre telescope.html ref ref Cite web url http www.tmt.org title Recent News & 124 Thirty Meter Telescope publisher Tmt.org date accessdate 2010 06 02 ref Amusement Park Rides Their partnership with Robocoaster ..., 2010 ride involves robotic arms that run on a track. Steel Structures Other structures that Dynamic Structures have constructed include Helix Pedestrian Bridge, Seattle WA, ref http www.structuremag.org ... Mark VII Monorail gallery gallery caption Steel Structures File Richmond Olympic Oval front view ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Structures Of Death Type studio Longtype Artist Fleshcrawl Cover Fleshcrawl structuresofdeath.jpg Cover size Caption Released September 21, 2007 Recorded Genre Death metal Length 41 22 Language English language English Label Metal Blade Producer Fleshcrawl Reviews Metal Storm webzine Metal Storm Rating 7.5 10 http www.metalstorm.ee bands rating.php?album id 18157 link Compiled by Chronology Last album Made of Flesh Made Of Flesh br 2004 This album Structures Of Death br 2007 Next album Misc Structures Of Death is the eighth studio album by the Germany German death metal band Fleshcrawl , which was released 21.September.2007 in Germany, Austria, Italy, and the Czech Republic, then released in the rest of Europe on 24.September.2007. http www.fleshcrawl.de It is their first album to feature bass guitar bassist Nico Scheffler, who joined in 2005 to replace Tobias Schick http www.metalstorm.ee bands band.php?band id 1415 , and was their first album not recorded in Sweden http www.lordsofmetal.nl showreview.php?id 10293&lang en Keeping consistent with their recent work since As Blood Rains from the Sky, We Walk the Path of Endless Fire As Blood Rains from the Sky... , the band s unique sound is created through an amalgamation of Melodic death metal melodic guitar rhythmics built upon a foundation of very heavy, very familiar, highly brutal death metal brutal drumwork and vocals. Like other Melodic death metal bands, such as Grave band Grave , Arch Enemy and early Entombed band Entombed , Fleshcrawl s guitar work for this album is laden ... gory , death metal esque subjects as insanity Structures of Death Written In Blood , disembowelment ... from Made of Flesh Track listing Skulls Of The Rotten Intro Structures Of Death Into The Fire Of Hell ... is my Business by The Four Horsemen band The Four Horsemen Starr Lizmi Montgomery and Structures ... Structures Of Death Category 2007 albums Category Fleshcrawl albums ... more details
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