wiktionarypar criterionCriterion may refer to Wiktionary criterionCriterion , general meaning In science and mathematics Criterion validity , in psychometrics, a measure of how well one variable or set of variables predicts an outcome Criterion referenced test , translates a test score into a statement about the behavior to be expected of a person Eisenstein s criterion , in mathematics, gives sufficient conditions for a polynomial to be irreducible over the rational numbers Euler s criterion , in number theory concerning primes Problem of the criterion , in epistemology, an issue regarding the starting point of knowledge Weyl s criterion , used in mathematics in the theory of diophantine approximation In modern culture Criteria band , indie band The Criterion Collection , a company that produces collector s edition DVDs and Blu ray discs Criterion Games , a game technology company in Guildford, England The Criterion magazine , a British literary magazine published from 1922 to 1939 The New Criterion , a New York based monthly literary magazine founded in 1982 Criterion cycle races see Criterium In Education Criterion Online Writing Evaluation Service , an web based educational software by Educational Testing Service ETS designed for writing in English, which employs E rator the computerized writing analyzer used in scoring SAT essays. In Business Criteria CaixaCorp , an investment holding company. In Sports Criteria is one kind of a Win by Decision in freestyle wrestling . Criteria Studios , recording studio in Miami, Florida See also Information criterion disambiguation Criterion Theatre disambiguation disambig ca Criteri da Kriterium de Criterion es Criterio fr Crit re io Kriterio it Criterio mk pl Kryterium ru sr ... more details
orphan date November 2009 The T failure criterion ref Andrianopoulos, N.P., Atkins, A.G., Experimental Determination of the Failure Parameters D,0 and V,0 in Mild Steels According to the T criterion, ECF9 Reliability and Structural Integrity of Advanced Materials, Vol. III, 1992. ref ref Andrianopoulos, N.P., Metalforming Limit Diagrams According to the T criterion, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 39, 1993. ref is rather a set of failure criteria, that correlate the reversible Elasticity physics elastic energy density storage process with both brittle and ductile failure. The development of this criterion is based on the unacceptable fact that pure hydrostatic loading of metals following the von Mises yield law, results in no failure, since the von Mises criterion is a function of deviatoric stresses. The strain energy density stored in the material and calculated by the area under the math bar sigma math math bar epsilon math curve represents the total amount of energy stored in the material only in the case of pure shear. In all other cases, there is a divergence between the actual and calculated stored energy in the material, which is maximum in the case of pure hydrostatic loading, where, according to the von Mises criterion, no energy is stored. This paradox is resolved if a second constitutive equation is introduced, that relates hydrostatic pressure p with the volume change math Theta math . These two curves, namely math bar sigma bar epsilon math and p math ... material response. According to this criterion, an upper limit to allowable strains is set either .... Deployment for Isotropic Metals For the development of the criterion, a continuum mechanics ... slope must be positive or zero Limitations The criterion will not predict any failure due to distortion ... energy math T V,0 math and math T D,0 math are derived from experimental data. A drawback of the criterion ..., example values are presented in the literature as well as applications where the T criterion ... more details
Information criterion may refer to the following. Statistics Akaike information criterion , a measure of the goodness fit of an estimated statistical model Bayesian information criterion also known as the Schwarz information criterion, a statistical criterion for model selection Hannan Quinn information criterion , an alternative to the Akaike and Bayesian criteria Deviance information criterion Computing Information Criteria , a core component of the COBIT Framework disambig ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date February 2009 The Penrose Criterion in Plasma Physics is a criterion for kinetic stability of a plasma with a given velocity space distribution function. This criterion can be used to determine that all so called single humped distributions those with a single maxima , are kinetically stable. Category Plasma physics DEFAULTSORT Penrose Criterion Physics stub ... more details
The majority criterion is a single winner voting system criterion , used to compare such voting system system s. The criterion states that if a majority of voters prefers a single candidate to all other candidates, then that candidate should win. Some methods that comply with this criterion include any ... . Generally, methods which give weight to preference strength may fail the majority criterion, thus the Borda count and range voting fail the majority criterion . The application of the majority criterion ... that fail the majority criterion may offer a strategic incentive to voters to bullet vote ... with the Condorcet criterion By the majority criterion, a candidate X should win if a majority ... criterion is stronger. According to it, a candidate X should win if for every other candidate ... of the Condorcet criterion implies that of the majority criterion, but not vice versa. With the Condorcet criterion the individuals comprising the majorities of voters answering affirmatively may vary according to Y, but the majority criterion requires a single majority which has X as their first choice, preferred to every other candidate. In the statement that Condorcet criterion is stronger than the majority criterion, the word criterion must be understood as a criterion that a voting system may or may not satisfy, not as a criterion that a candidate must satisfy in order to win the election. Application of the majority criterion Controversy There is controversy over how the majority criterion is to be applied, based on the wording of the criterion and the intention behind it. The difficulty is that the criterion refers to an exclusive preference, and it is unstated whether this preference is actually indicated on the ballot or not. The common simple statement of the criterion ... refer to a mental state or to an action a complete statement of the criterion would either refer to actual ... the majority criterion. Approval voting is not a preferential voting method, and therefore its advocates ... more details
The Smith criterion sometimes generalized Condorcet criterion , but this can have other meanings is a voting system criteria voting systems criterion defined such that its satisfaction by a voting system occurs when the system always picks the winner from the Smith set , the smallest set of candidates such that every member of the set is pairwise preferred to every candidate not in the set. One candidate is pairwise preferred over another candidate if, in a one on one competition, more voters prefer the first candidate than prefer the other candidate. The Smith set is named for mathematician John H Smith mathematician John H Smith , whose version of the Condorcet criterion ref Smith is actually stronger than that defined above for social welfare functions. Benjamin Ward ref Ward was probably the first to write about this set, which he called the majority set . The Smith set can be calculated with the Floyd Warshall algorithm in time big O notation n sup 3 sup or Kosaraju s algorithm in time n sup 2 sup . Other criteria Any election method that complies with the Smith criterion also complies with the Condorcet criterion , since if there is a Condorcet winner, then that winner is the only member of the Smith set. Obviously, this means that failing the Condorcet criterion automatically implies the non compliance with the Smith criterion as well. Additionally, such sets comply with the Condorcet loser criterion . This is notable, because even some Condorcet methods do not Minimax . It also implies the mutual majority criterion , since the Smith set is a subset of the MMC set. The Smith set and Schwartz set are sometimes confused in the literature. Miller 1977, p. 775 lists ... with the Smith Criterion. Compliance with the Smith criterion can be forced by explicitly applying ... Minimax to only the candidates inside the Smith set. Methods failing the Condorcet criterion never comply with the Smith criterion, and many Condorcet methods also fail the Smith criterion. References ... more details
Infobox Company company name Criterion Games company logo Image Criterion Games Logo.png 200px company type Subsidiary of Electronic Arts foundation 1993 location city flagicon UK Guildford , Surrey location country United Kingdom key people industry Video game industry products Burnout series Burnout series 2001 present br Black video game Black 2006 br Need for Speed Need for Speed series 2009 present revenue operating income net income num employees parent Electronic Arts owner Electronic Arts homepage http www.criteriongames.com Criterion Games Officially called Criterion Software is a Guildford ... also on Xbox 360 Xbox Classics download service first person shooter Black video game Black . Criterion ... Canon owned startup. Criterion Software was a technology company specialising in the development .... Originally Criterion Games was a division within Criterion Software, set up to develop games, using ... series, developed in house by Criterion Games. In August 2004, Electronic Arts announced they had List of acquisitions by Electronic Arts acquired Criterion Games and Criterion Software for a rumoured ..., both Criterion and EA declared that RenderWare would continue to be made available to third ... its Chertsey based UK development studio and Criterion Games to a new building in central Guildford, creating a single studio that now has approximately 500 full time developers. On 14 June 2010, Criterion ... Criterion Developing Need For Speed Game cite web url http criteriongames.com NFS index.php title Criterion s Upcoming Need For Speed Game ref was set for a release on 16 November 2010 for the PlayStation ... Official http www.criteriongames.com http www.mobygames.com company criterion studios Criterion company ... Video game developers ElectronicArts stub UK videogame company stub Criterion Games ca Criterion Games de Criterion Software es Criterion Games fr Criterion Games hr Criterion Games nl Criterion Games no Criterion Games ru Criterion Games ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 In Lincoln Douglas Debate , the value criterioncriterion , VC , or standard is the means of weighing the value premise . Unlike the value premise, the value criterion is often swayed to either the affirmative or negative side. It can be shortened to v.c. Purpose The value criterion s main purpose is to weigh the value premise, otherwise, the impacts of the arguments in the round are left hanging. Any argument in a Lincoln Douglas Debate must contain an impact or the effect of that argument why it matters . This necessitates an objective order to determine which impacts are more important. The value criterion provides this objective order and the round reduces to whichever side achieves the value criterion better. Whether this is done quantifiably or qualitatively is left up to the debaters to decide. Argumentation Many times it becomes the vantage point of the debate because the values are, many times, the same in a round. Since each side has impacts that best pertain to their own value criterion, each side must try to convince the judge to weigh the round according to their value criterion. Example Resolved In matters of U. S. immigration policy, restrictions on the rights of non citizens are consistent with democratic ideals. Because democratic ideals is what is trying to be achieved in the resolution, most debaters would find it best and effective to use it as a value premise. Therefore, the debate turns to the value criterion. The affirmative, in this case, may use preservation of procedure which explains how their value premise is weighed. While the negative may opt to choose preservation of autonomy . In both instances, both value criteria are attainable by both sides and therefore fair to weigh the round. It would be left up to the debate to determine which value criterion should be used to weigh the round. Uncategorized date February 2011 ... more details
The Mott criterion describes the critical point thermodynamics critical point of the metal insulator transition. The criterion is math n 1 3 2.78 a 0 math Where math n math is the electron density of the material and math a 0 math the effective bohr radius. If the criterion is satisfied the material becomes conductive metal and otherwise it will be an insulator. ref citation title Introduction to Solid State Physics first Charles last Kittel page 407 409 publisher John Wiley & Sons edition 8th year 2005 isbn 047141526X ref See also Hubbard model Mottness Bohr Radius Mott Insulator References reflist Category Quantum phases ... more details
Infobox company name The Criterion Collection logo File The Criterion Collection Logo.svg logo since ... , New York , United States ref name hoovers http www.hoovers.com The Criterion Collection Inc HD rkhyyjcjf,src global free co dnb factsheet.xhtml The Criterion Collection Inc. from Hoover s ref key ... from the Criterion Collection br Essential Art House subsid homepage http www.criterion.com www.criterion.com footnotes intl The Criterion Collection is a video distribution company selling important ... about us title Criterion Mission Statement accessdate 2009 03 30 ref founded in 1984. Criterion ... Criterion Laserdisc release of King Kong 1933 film King Kong included the world s first optional audio commentary commentary audio track . The Criterion series is noted for helping to standardize the letterbox ... to restore and clean all movies released on their label. History The Criterion Collection company was founded ..., Inc. Edge Foundation accessdate 2007 08 17 ref during which time, The Criterion Collection became ... for his Voyager Criterion company share. The remaining partners, Aleen Stein, William Becker President and Jonathan Turell CEO owned The Criterion Collection company, ref name Organa which has a business ..., marketed, and distributed Criterion Collection DVDs, and sold its own HVE brand of DVDs co produced with Criterion , including Merchant Ivory Productions The Merchant Ivory Collection , ref name MFTM ... owned the video rights, unavailable from the Criterion Collection however, Criterion published Classic ... of Criterion Collection products. Online ventures Criterion began to provide video on demand in partnership with Mubi website MUBI formerly The Auteurs in 2008. In February 2011, Criterion began switching ... acquired streaming rights for hundreds of classic films from The Criterion Collection.... Hulu Plus will soon be the only place old movie buffs will be able to catch Criterion titles. ref Contributions and influence Commercially, The Criterion Collection video company pioneered the correct aspect ... more details
The participation criterion is a voting system criterion . It is also known as the no show paradox . It has been defined as follows In a deterministic framework, the participation criterion says that the addition of a ballot, where candidate A is strictly preferred to candidate B, to an existing tally of votes should not change the winner from candidate A to candidate B. In a probabilistic framework, the participation criterion says that the addition of a ballot, where each candidate of the set X is strictly preferred to each other candidate, to an existing tally of votes should not reduce the probability that the winner is chosen from the set X. Plurality voting , approval voting , range voting , and the Borda count all satisfy the participation criterion. All Condorcet method s, Bucklin voting , and instant runoff voting IRV fail. Voting systems that fail the participation criterion allow a particularly unusual strategy of not voting to, in some circumstances, help a voter s preferred choice win. The participation criterion for voting systems is one example of a Participation constraint mechanism design rational participation constraint for social choice mechanism design mechanisms in general. Quorum requirements The most common failure of the participation criterion is not in the use of particular voting systems, but in simple yes or no measures that place quorum requirements. A public referendum , for example, that required majority approval and a certain number of voters to participate in order to pass would fail the participation criterion, as a minority of voters preferring the no option could cause the measure to fail by simply not voting rather than voting no. In other ... criterion. Examples Two round system An example of a two round election that may well have failed the participation criterion is the Louisiana gubernatorial election in 1991. The votes in the first round ... criterion Voting system References Woodall, Douglas R, http www.votingmatters.org.uk ISSUE6 ... more details
Resolvability criterion can refer to any voting system criterion that ensures a low possibility of tie votes. Nicolaus Tideman s version of the criterion demands that if and only if for every possibly tied winner in a result, a vote exists, such that when added, makes that winner unique. Douglas R. Woodall s version requires that the proportion of profiles giving a tie approaches zero as the number of voters increase towards infinity. Both versions are satisfied e.g. by approval voting , range voting , Borda count , instant runoff voting , Minimax Condorcet Minimax , Plurality voting system plurality , Ranked Pairs http alumnus.caltech.edu seppley Proof 20MAM 20is 20resolvable 20and 20reasonably 20deterministic.htm , and Schulze method Schulze http home.versanet.de chris1 schulze schulze1.pdf . Both versions are violated e.g. by Copeland s method . Category Voting system criteria ... more details
In mathematics , in the theory of diophantine approximation , Weyl s criterion states that a sequence math x n math of real number s is equidistributed mod 1 if and only if for all non zero integer s math ell math we have math lim n rightarrow infty frac 1 n sum j 0 n 1 e 2 pi i ell x j 0. math Therefore distribution questions can be reduced to bounds on exponential sum s, a fundamental and general method. This extends naturally to higher dimension s. We say a sequence math x n in mathbb R k math is equidistributed mod 1 if and only if math forall ell in mathbb Z k backslash 0 math we have math lim n rightarrow infty frac 1 n sum j 0 n 1 e 2 pi i ell cdot x j 0. math The criterion is named after, and was first formulated by, Hermann Weyl . External links http mathworld.wolfram.com WeylsCriterion.html Weyl s Criterion at Mathworld http planetmath.org encyclopedia WeylsCriterion.html Weyl s Criterion at Planetmath Category Diophantine approximation Category Dynamical systems Category Ergodic theory sr ... more details
The Chirikov criterion or Chirikov resonance overlap criterion was established by the Russian physicist Boris Chirikov . Back in 1959, he published a seminal article Atom. Energ. 6 630 1959 , where he introduced the very first physical criterion for the onset of chaotic motion in deterministic Hamiltonian systems. He then applied such a criterion to explain puzzling experimental results on plasma confinement in magnetic bottles obtained by Rodionov at the Kurchatov Institute . As in an old oriental tale, Boris Chirikov opened such a bottle, and freed the genie of chaos, which spread the world over. Description According to this criterion a deterministic trajectory will begin to move between two nonlinear resonance s in a chaotic and unpredictable manner, in the parameter range math mylabel1 K approx S 2 Delta omega r Delta d 2 1 . math Here font style vertical align 4 math K math font is the perturbation parameter, while font style vertical align 8 math S Delta omega r Delta d math font is the resonance overlap parameter, given by the ratio of the unperturbed resonance width in frequency font style vertical align 8 math Delta omega r math font often computed in the pendulum approximation and proportional to the square root of perturbation , and the frequency difference font style vertical align 8 math Delta d math font between two unperturbed resonances. Since its introduction, the Chirikov criterion has become an important analytical tool for the determination of the chaos border. See also http www.scholarpedia.org article Chirikov criterion Chirikov criterion at Scholarpedia http www.scholarpedia.org article Chirikov standard map Chirikov standard map and standard map Boris Chirikov and http www.scholarpedia.org article Boris Chirikov Boris Chirikov at Scholarpedia References B.V.Chirikov, Resonance processes in magnetic traps , At. Energ. 6 630 1959 in Russian http www.quantware.ups tlse.fr chirikov refs chi1959.pdf Engl. Transl., J. Nucl. Energy Part C Plasma Phys ... more details
Plurality criterion is a voting system criterion devised by Douglas R. Woodall for ranked voting methods with incomplete ballots. It is stated as follows If the number of ballots ranking A as the first preference is greater than the number of ballots on which another candidate B is given any preference, then A s probability of winning must be no less than B s. This criterion is trivially satisfied by preferential voting rank ballot methods which require voters to strictly rank all the candidates and so do not allow truncation . The Borda count is usually defined in this way. Woodall has called the Plurality criterion a rather weak property that surely must hold in any real election , and noted that every reasonable electoral system seems to satisfy it. Most proposed methods do satisfy it, including Plurality voting , Instant runoff voting IRV , Bucklin voting , and approval voting . Among Condorcet method s which permit truncation, whether the Plurality criterion is satisfied depends often on the measure of Condorcet method Defeat strength defeat strength . When winning votes is used as the measure of defeat strength in methods such as the Schulze method , Ranked Pairs , or Minimax Condorcet Minimax , Plurality is satisfied. Plurality is failed when margins is used. Minimax Condorcet Minimax using pairwise opposition also fails Plurality. When truncation is permitted under Borda count, Plurality is satisfied when no points are scored to truncated candidates, and ranked candidates receive no fewer votes than if the truncated candidates had been ranked. If truncated candidates are instead scored the average number of points that would have been awarded to those candidates had they been strictly ranked, or if Nauru s modified Borda count is used, the Plurality criterion is failed. References D R Woodall, http www.votingmatters.org.uk ISSUE3 P5.HTM Properties of Preferential Election Rules , Voting matters , Issue 3 1994 , pp. 8 15. D R Woodall, http www.votingmatters.org.uk ... more details
In statistical theory, the Chauvenet s criterion named for William Chauvenet ref Chauvenet, William. A Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy V. II. 1863. Reprint of 1891. 5th ed. Dover, N.Y. 1960. pp. 474 566. ref is a means of assessing whether one piece of experimental data &mdash an outlier &mdash from a set of observations, is likely to be spurious. To apply Chauvenet s criterion, first calculate the mean and standard deviation of the observed data. Based on how much the suspect datum differs from the mean, use the normal distribution function or a table thereof to determine the probability that a given data point will be at the value of the suspect data point. Multiply this probability by the number of data points taken. If the result is less than 0.5, the suspicious data point may be discarded, i.e., a reading may be rejected if the probability of obtaining the particular deviation from the mean is less than 1 2 n . Example For instance, suppose a value is measured experimentally in several trials as 9, 10, 10, 10, 11, and 50. The mean is 16.7 and the standard deviation 16.34. 50 differs from 16.7 by 33.3, slightly more than two standard deviations. The probability of taking data more than two standard deviations from the mean is roughly 0.05. Six measurements were taken, so the statistic value data size multiplied by the probability is 0.05× 6 0.3. Because 0.3 0.5, according to Chauvenet s criterion, the measured value of 50 should be discarded leaving a new mean of 10, with standard deviation 0.7 . Peirce s criterion Another method for eliminating spurious data is called Peirce s criterion . It was developed a few years before Chauvenet s criterion was published, and it is a more rigorous approach to the rational deletion of outlier data. See S. Ross reference below. Other methods such as Grubbs test for outliers are mentioned under the listing for Outlier ... and science instructors while Chauvenet s criterion provides an objective and quantitative method ... more details
In nonlinear control , the circle criterion is an important theorem in showing the stability of nonlinear time varying systems. It can be viewed as a generalization of the Nyquist stability criterion for LTI systems. Overview Consider a linear system subject to non linear feedback, i.e. a non linear element math varphi v, t math is present in the feedback loop. Assume that the element satisfies a sector condition math mu 1, mu 2 math , and to keep things simple that the open loop system is stable. Then the closed loop system is globally asymptotically stable if the Nyquist locus does not penetrate the circle having as diameter the segment math 1 mu 1, 1 mu 2 math located on the x axis. General description Consider the nonlinear system math dot mathbf x mathbf Ax mathbf Bw math math mathbf v mathbf Cx . math math mathbf w varphi v, t math Suppose that math mu 1 v le varphi v,t le mu 2 v, forall v,t math math det i omega I n A neq 0, forall omega in R 1 text and exists mu 0 in mu 1, mu 2 , , A mu 0 BC math is stable math Re left mu 2 C i omega I n A 1 B 1 1 mu 1C i omega I n A 1 B right 0 forall omega in R 1 . math Then math exists c 0, delta 0 math such that for any solution of the system the following relation holds math x t le ce delta t x 0 , forall t ge 0. math Condition 3 is also known as the frequency condition . Condition 1 the sector condition . External links http www.nt.ntnu.no users skoge prost proceedings cdc03 pdffiles papers FrA02.1.pdf Sufficient Conditions for Dynamical Output Feedback Stabilization via the Circle Criterion http www control.eng.cam.ac.uk jmm 4f3 handout4.pdf Popov and Circle Criterion Cam UK http control.ee.ethz.ch apnoco Lectures2009 04 Popov 20and 20Circle 20Criterion.pdf Popov and Circle Criterion ETH Category Nonlinear control Category Stability theory ... more details
Infobox Magazine title The New Criterion image file TNC cover.jpg image size image caption editor Hilton ... language English website http www.newcriterion.com www.newcriterion.com issn 0734 0222 The New Criterion ... critic the name is a reference to The Criterion magazine The Criterion , a British literary magazine ... dour Jeet Heer, The New Criterion The Unbearable Dourness of Being , Gravitas Autumn 1996 ref and describes ... Britain and Reflections on Anti Americanism . TNC has been running The New Criterion Poetry Prize , a poetry contest with a cash prize, since 1999. In 2004, New Criterion contributors began publishing a blog , known as ArmaVirumque. Origin The New Criterion was founded in 1982 by The New York Times ... of providing such a voice that The New Criterion has been created. ref http www.mugu.com cgi bin Upstream lipsky new criterion ffive ref The choice of Kramer to leave the New York Times ... cases condemned true seriousness to a fugitive existence. Reception The New Criterion has been ... the New Criterion has helped its readers distinguish achievement from failure in painting, music ... Criterion, Christopher Carduff, said to the New York Sun I think that what initially made it a sensation ... in sheep s clothing. New Criterion anthologies Counterpoints 25 Years of The New Criterion on Culture ... ISBN 978 1566637060 Against the Grain The New Criterion on Art and Intellect at the End of the 20th ... ISBN 978 1566630696 The New Criterion Reader The First Five Years , edited by Hilton Kramer Free Press, 429 pages 1988 . ISBN 0029176417 ISBN 978 0029176412 New Criterion books Lengthened Shadows ..., ISBN 978 1566631785 The New Criterion Poetry Prize Since 2000 in poetry 2000 the magazine has been ... to form . ref name avi http www.newcriterion.com weblog 2007 01 new criterion poetry prize.html David Yezzi s post at the Armavirumque blog , the New Criterion Poetry Prize , posted 11 a.m., January ... J. Miller on The New Criterion in National Review http www.nysun.com article 39288 Gary Shapiro ... more details
File Baptism of Christ xx Francesco Alban.JPG thumb 270px Criterion of embarrassment The Baptism of Jesus The criterion of embarrassment , also known as criterion of dissimilarity , is an analytical tool that Biblical criticism Biblical scholars use in assessing whether the New Testament s accounts of Jesus actions and words are historically probable. Simply put, trust the embarrassing material. If something is awkward for an author to say and he does anyway, it is more likely to be true. ref Catherine M. Murphy, The Historical Jesus For Dummies , For Dummies Pub., 2007. p 14 ref See Criteria of authenticity and the Historical Jesus . Examples of its use The essence of the criterion of embarrassment is that the Early Church would hardly have gone out of its way to create or falsify historical material that only embarrassed its author or weakened its position in arguments with opponents. Rather, embarrassing material coming from Jesus would naturally be either suppressed or softened in later stages of the Gospel tradition, and often such progressive suppression or softening can be traced through the Gospels. This criterion is rarely used by itself, and is typically one of a number of criteria, such as the criterion of discontinuity and the criterion of multiple attestation , along with the historical method . The Baptism of Jesus fits the criterion of embarrassment . In the Gospel of the Hebrews , Jesus is but a man see Adoptionism submitting to another man for the forgiveness of the sin of ignorance a lesser sin but sin nonetheless . The Gospel of Matthew attempts to explain ... of Jesus is another example of an event that meets the criterion of embarrassment. This method ... Study of Jesus of Nazareth An Introduction ref Limitations The criterion of embarrassment has ... to the criterion of embarrassment is that clear cut cases of such embarrassment are few and far between ... christiancadre.blogspot.com 2010 03 criteria of embarrassment and jesus.html The Criterion of Embarrasment ... more details
which can be measured by many possible variables , we would say there is high criterion related ... rem99 resmeth validity.htm The definition and criterion validity and others Category Validity statistics ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In quantum information theory , the reduction criterion is a necessary condition a mixed state must satisfy in order for it to be separable state separable . In other words, the reduction criterion is a separability criterion . Details Let H sub 1 sub and H sub 2 sub be Hilbert spaces of finite dimensions n and m respectively. L H sub i sub will denote the space of linear operators acting on H sub i sub . Consider a bipartite quantum syste whose state space is the tensor product math H H 1 otimes H 2. math An un normalized mixed state is a positive linear operator density matrix acting on H . A linear map L H sub 2 sub L H sub 1 sub is said to be positive if it preserves the cone of positive elements, i.e. A is positive implied A is also. From the one to one correspondence between positive maps and entanglement witness es, we have that a state is entangled if and only if there exists a positive map such that math I otimes Phi rho math is not positive. Therefore, if is separable, then for all positive map , math I otimes Phi rho geq 0. math Thus every positive, but not completely positive map completely positive , map gives rise to a necessariy condition for separability in this way. The reduction criterion is a particular example of this. Suppose H sub 1 sub H sub 2 sub . Define the positive map L H sub 2 sub L H sub 1 sub by math Phi A operatorname Tr A A. math It is known that is positive but not completely positive. So a mixed state being separable implies math I otimes Phi rho geq 0. math Direct calculation shows that the above expression is same as math I otimes rho 1 rho geq 0 math where sub 1 sub is the partial trace of with respect to the second system. The dual relation math rho 2 otimes I rho geq 0 math is obtained in the analogous fashion. The reduction criterion consists of the above two inequalities. DEFAULTSORT Reduction Criterion Category Quantum information science ... more details
The Intuitive Criterion in Game Theory is a technique for equilibrium refinement in signaling games. In economics, signaling games are games in which a player with private information moves first. Private information generally refers to the player s hidden or unobservable type. Signaling games typically have lots of perfect Bayesian equilibria . Equilibrium refinement techniques are ways of reducing the set of equilibria. Most refinement techniques are broadly based on restricting beliefs off the equilibrium path. Off equilibrium actions or outcomes are those that are different from what is predicted in a Nash equilibrium. The intuitive criterion was presented by In Koo Cho and David M. Kreps in a 1987 article ref Cho, I K. & Kreps, D. M. 1987 Signaling games and stable equilibria. Quarterly Journal of Economics 102 179 221. ref . Their idea was to try to reduce the set of equilibria by requiring off equilibrium beliefs to be reasonable in some sense. This refinement of the solution concept allows the modeller to choose between multiple perfect Bayesian equilibria. Formally, we can eliminate a particular perfect Bayesian equilibrium by using the Intuitive Criterion if there is some type who has a deviation that is assured of yielding him a payoff above his equilibrium payoff as long as other players do not assign a positive probability to the deviation having been made by any type for whom this action is equilibrium dominated. Intuitively, we can eliminate a PBE if there is a type of player who wants to deviate even though he is not sure what the beliefs of other players are. The player is only sure that the other players will not think that he is a player who would find ... the Intuitive Criterion and suggested alternative refinements such as Universal Divinity . Example ... Criterion eliminates all pooling equilibria. In the game, there is also a continuum of separating equilibria , but the Intuitive Criterion eliminates all the separating equilibria except for the most ... more details
criterion if it chooses the Condorcet winner when one exists. Any method conforming to the Condorcet criterion is known as a Condorcet method . It is named after the 18th century mathematician and philosopher ... The Condorcet criterion implies the majority criterion that is, any system that satisfies the former ... satisfies the Condorcet criterion will not satisfy independence of irrelevant alternatives . The Condorcet criterion is also incompatible with the later no harm criterion . Compliance of methods Complying methods main Condorcet method The following methods comply with the Condorcet criterion Black ... methods The following methods do not comply with the Condorcet criterion. This statement requires .... Depending on which strategies voters use, the Condorcet criterion may be violated. Consider an election ... upon a particular generalization of the Condorcet criterion, which may not be accepted by all ... count does not comply with the Condorcet criterion in the following case. Consider an election ... with the condorcet criterion for instance, if three voters vote for three candidates 10,9,0 , 10,9,0 ... criterion. Consider an election in which 30 of the voters prefer candidate A to candidate ... not comply with the Condorcet criterion. Consider, for example, the following vote count of preferences ..., hence B is strongly preferred to both A and C. B must then win according to the Condorcet criterion ... 1970 publisher Holden Day See also Condorcet loser criterion Condorcet method Ramon Llull 1232 1315 ... eleccionis, was given credit for discovering the Borda count and Condorcet criterion Llull winner in the 13th ... more details
In number theory , Li s criterion is a particular statement about the positivity of a certain sequence that is completely equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis . The criterion is named after Xian Jin Li, who presented it in 1997. Recently, Enrico Bombieri and Jeffrey C. Lagarias provided a generalization, showing that Li s positivity condition applies to any collection of points that lie on the Re s 1 2 axis. Definition The Riemann Xi function Riemann &xi function is given by math xi s frac 1 2 s s 1 pi s 2 Gamma left frac s 2 right zeta s math where is the Riemann zeta function . Consider the sequence math lambda n frac 1 n 1 left. frac d n ds n left s n 1 log xi s right right s 1 . math Li s criterion is then the statement that the Riemann hypothesis is completely equivalent to the statement that math lambda n 0 math for every positive integer n . The numbers math lambda n math may also be expressed in terms of the non trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function math lambda n sum rho left 1 left 1 frac 1 rho right n right math where the sum extends over , the non trivial zeros of the zeta function. This conditionally convergent sum should be understood in the sense that is usually used in number theory, namely, that math sum rho lim N to infty sum Im rho le N . math A generalization Bombieri and Lagarias demonstrate that a similar criterion holds for any collection of complex numbers, and is thus not restricted to the Riemann hypothesis. More precisely, let R be any collection of complex numbers , not containing 1, which satisfies math sum rho ... the complex conjugate math overline rho math and math 1 rho math are in R , then Li s criterion ... 1 left 1 frac 1 rho right n right ge 0. math Bombieri and Lagarias also show that Li s criterion follows from Weil s criterion for the Riemann hypothesis. References cite journal author Enrico Bombieri ... doc bombieri.ps title Complements to Li s criterion for the Riemann hypothesis journal Journal of Number ... more details
Infobox Skyscraper image Deleted image removed Image CriterionPlace.jpg building name Criterion Place previous building year built surpassed by building year highest year end location Sovereign Street, Leeds , England status font color orange Cancelled font roof convert 180 m ft 0 antenna spire height stories 53 construction period 2008 2011 under construction floor area architect Ian Simpson Architects developer Simons Developments contractor Criterion Place was a proposed skyscraper development in Leeds , West Yorkshire , England . In July 2008 it was announced that the project is to be cancelled owing to the property market slump. ref name scrapped http news.bbc.co.uk 1 hi england west yorkshire 7513752.stm Skyscrapers axed as market slides , BBC News , 18 July 2008 ref ref name scrapped2 http www.skyscrapernews.com news.php?ref 1644 Crystalline Criterion Place Plans Shattered , Skyscrapernews.com , 21 July 2008 ref Background The site, which is surrounded by Neville Street , Sovereign Street , Swinegate and Leeds City railway station , was previously home to the Queen s Hall, a building which was originally a tram and then a bus depot and had latterly became a venue hosting events such as exhibitions, flea market s and concerts . The Queen s Hall was demolished in 1989. http www.flickr.com ... s restaurant on the ground floor. Construction work to add two additional storeys to the Criterion ... and Western Europe s tallest residential skyscraper. Image Leeds building heights Criterion Place .svg thumb 300px left Proposed height of the completed Criterion Place 2007 proposal , compared to the height ... Estates contract to develop the Criterion Place site, following the developer s failure to submit a planning application in accordance with the contract. The Criterion Place site which has remained ... reflist External links http www.skyscrapernews.com buildings.php?id 1004 Skyscraper News Criterion Place http www.leeds cityscape.co.uk Criterion Place approved.htm Criterion Place on Leeds Cityscape ... more details
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