chembox Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 397544258 Name small D small Xylose ImageFileL1 Xylose.png ImageSizeL1 120px ImageNameL1 D Xylopyranose ImageFileR1 Xylofuranose.png ImageSizeR1 130px ImageNameR1 Xylofuranose ImageFile2 D Xylose.svg ImageSize2 180px ImageName2 Xylose chair ImageFile3 Xylose linear.png ImageSize3 180px ImageName3 Xylose linear IUPACName small D small Xylose OtherNames Xylose br Wood sugar Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 58 86 6 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASNo1 609 06 3 CASNo1 Comment small L small isomer CASNo1 Ref cascite correct ESIS CASNo2 41247 05 6 CASNo2 ... aldopentoses OtherCpds Xylulose Xylose cf. Ancient Greek language Greek , xylos , wood is a sugar first isolated from wood, and named for it. Xylose is classified as a monosaccharide of the aldopentose ... sugar . Structure The acyclic form of xylose has chemical formula HOCH sub 2 sub carbon ... Xylose is the main building block for hemicellulose , which comprises about 30 of plant matter. Xylose is otherwise pervasive, being found in the embryo s of most edible plants . It was first isolated from wood by Koch in 1881. Xylose is also the first saccharide added to the serine or threonine .... DOI 10.1002 14356007.a12 119.pub2 ref xylose is not metabolised by the human it is completely absorbed and as such secreted from the kidney. In animal medicine, xylose is used to test for malabsorption by administration in water to the patient after fasting . If xylose is detected in blood ... www.nlm.nih.gov medlineplus ency article 003606.htm title D xylose absorption work MedlinePlus publisher ... Reduction of xylose by catalytic hydrogenation produces the non cariogenic sugar substitute xylitol . See also Xylose metabolism Xylonic acid References reflist Carbohydrates Category Aldopentoses ca Xilosa da Xylose de Xylose es Xilosa fr Xylose fy Ksyloaze id Xilosa it D xilosio hu Xil z nl Xylose ja nn Xylose pl Ksyloza pt Xilose ru sv Xylos tr Ksiloz uk zh ... more details
File Xylose.png thumb Xylose D Xylose is a five carbon aldose pentose , monosaccharide that can be catabolized ... pathways for the catabolism of D xylose An oxireductive pathway that is present in eukaryotic ... called the Xylose Reductase Xylitol Dehydrogenase or XR XDH pathway. Xylose reductase XR and xylitol dehydrogenase XDH are the first two enzymes in this pathway. XR is reducing D xylose to xylitol ... in an overproduction of xylitol byproduct. The isomerase pathway In this pathway the enzyme xylose isomerase is responsible for the conversion of D xylose into D xylulose. D xylulose is then phosphorylated ... is an oxidative pathway where the D xylose is oxidized to D xylono lactone by a D xylose dehydrogenase ... of D xylose degradation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 60 1433 1439 ref starts as the Weimberg pathway ... applications It is desirable to ferment D xylose to ethanol however microorganisms that are naturally able to do that have disadvantages. One organism that can naturally ferment D xylose to ethanol ... D xylose to ethanol. In attempts to generate S.cerevisiae strains that are able to ferment D xylose ... C, Wahlbom CF, Hahn H gerdal B title Anaerobic xylose fermentation by recombinant Saccharomyces ... xylose isomerase was introduced. Studies on flux through the pentose phosphate pathway during D xylose ... Xylose Utilizing Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Improves the Ethanol Yield from Xylose. Applied ... D xylose metabolizing pathways revealed that the XI pathway was best able to metabolize D xylose ... production. ref Karhumaa et al. , Comparison of the xylose reductase xylitol dehydrogenase and the xylose isomerase pathways for xylose fermentation by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbial ... a yeast strain that efficiently produces ethanol. However, the effectiveness of D xylose metabolizing laboratory strains do not always reflect their metabolism abilities on raw xylose products in nature. Since D xylose is mostly isolated from agricultural residues such as wood stocks then the genetically ... more details
enzyme Name xylose isomerase EC number 5.3.1.5 CAS number 9023 82 9 IUBMB EC number 5 3 1 5 GO code 0009045 image width caption In enzymology , a xylose isomerase EC number 5.3.1.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D xylose math rightleftharpoons math D xylulose This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular oxidoreductase s interconverting aldose s and ketose s. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D xylose aldose ketose isomerase . Other names in common use include D xylose isomerase , D xylose ketoisomerase , and D xylose ketol isomerase . This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions and fructose and mannose metabolism. The enzyme is used industrially to convert glucose to fructose in the manufacture of high fructose corn syrup . It is sometimes referred to as glucose isomerase . Structural studies As of late 2007, 73 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1A0C , PDB link 1A0D , PDB link 1A0E , PDB link 1BHW , PDB link 1BXB , PDB link 1BXC , PDB link 1CLK , PDB link 1DID , PDB link 1DIE , PDB link 1DXI , PDB link 1GW9 , PDB link 1MNZ , PDB link 1MUW , PDB link 1O1H , PDB link 1OAD , PDB link 1QT1 , PDB link 1S5M , PDB link 1S5N , PDB link 1XIA , PDB link 1XIB , PDB link 1XIC , PDB link 1XID , PDB link 1XIE , PDB link 1XIF , PDB link 1XIG , PDB link 1XIH , PDB link 1XII , PDB link 1XIJ , PDB link 1XIM , PDB link 1XIN , PDB link 1XIS , PDB link 1XLA , PDB link 1XLB , PDB link 1XLC , PDB link 1XLD , PDB link 1XLE , PDB link 1XLF , PDB link 1XLG , PDB link 1XLH , PDB link 1XLI , PDB link 1XLJ , PDB ... isomerization of D xylose to D xylulose journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 48 pages 120&ndash ... Xylose isomerase from Pasteurella pestis, strain A 1122 journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. volume 77 pages ..., crystallization and properties of the D xylose isomerase from Lactobacillus brevis journal Biochim ... more details
enzyme Name D xylose 1 dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.179 CAS number 83534 37 6 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 179 GO code 0047837 image width caption In enzymology , a D xylose 1 dehydrogenase NADP EC number 1.1.1.179 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D xylose NADP sup sup math rightleftharpoons math D xylono 1,5 lactone NADPH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are D xylose and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are D xylono 1,5 lactone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D xylose NADP 1 oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include D xylose nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate , dehydrogenase , D xylose NADP dehydrogenase , D xylose NADP oxidoreductase , and D xylose 1 dehydrogenase NADP . References reflist 1 cite journal author Wissler JH date 1977 title D Xylose NADP oxidoreductase of arterial vessels and eye lens a new enzyme and a final link in ATP independent cycling of reducing equivalents in aldose polyol ketose interconversion journal Hoppe Seyler s Z. Physiol. Chem. volume 358 pages 1300&ndash 1301 cite journal author Wissler JH date 1978 title Direct spectrophotometric and specific quantitative determination of free and bound D xylose by analytical application of a new enzyme, D xylose NADP oxidoreductase journal Fresenius Z. Anal. Chem. volume 290 issue 2 pages 179&ndash 180 doi 10.1007 BF00482334 1.1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it D xilosio 1 deidrogenasi NADP ja D 1 NADP ... more details
enzyme Name D xylose 1 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.175 CAS number 62931 20 8 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 175 GO code 0047838 image width caption In enzymology , a D xylose 1 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.175 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction D xylose NAD sup sup math rightleftharpoons math D xylonolactone NADH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are D xylose and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are D xylonolactone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NADH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is D xylose NAD 1 oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include NAD D xylose dehydrogenase , D xylose dehydrogenase , and NAD linked D xylose dehydrogenase . This enzyme participates in pentose and glucuronate interconversions . References reflist 1 cite journal author Yamanaka K, Gino M and Kaneda R date 1977 title A specific NAD D xylose dehydrogenase from Arthrobacter sp journal Agric. Biol. Chem. volume 41 pages 1493&ndash 1499 1.1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it D xilosio 1 deidrogenasi ja D 1 ... more details
enzyme Name L xylose 1 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.113 CAS number 37250 44 5 IUBMB EC number 1 1 1 113 GO code 0050037 image width caption In enzymology , a L xylose 1 dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.113 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction L xylose NADP sup sup math rightleftharpoons math L xylono 1,4 lactone NADPH H sup sup Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are L xylose and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADP sup sup , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are L xylono 1,4 lactone , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate NADPH , and hydrogen ion H sup sup . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on the CH OH group of donor with NAD or NADP as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L xylose NADP 1 oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include L xylose dehydrogenase , and NADPH xylose reductase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Uehara K and Takeda M date Tokyo title L Xylose dehydrogenase in bakers yeast journal J. volume Biochem. pages 461&ndash 463 1.1.1 enzyme stub Category EC 1.1.1 Category NADPH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure it L xilosio 1 deidrogenasi ja L 1 ... more details
Information Description Substitution sequence of arabinoxylan molecule substitution or branching pattern of arabinose residues blue pentagons on the xylose red hexagons chain is represented by a sequence of numbers indicating the number of branches 0 no branch, 1 one branch and 2 two branches . The chain may contain thousands of xylose units, only five xylose units are shown here. Note that the information on the type of substitution 2 substituted red and 3 substituted green is not present in the substitution sequence. Source I RaoInWiki created this work entirely by myself. Date 04 02 2010 Author RaoInWiki other versions NIL Licensing PD self date February 2010 ... more details
enzyme Name UTP xylose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.11 CAS number 9026 20 4 IUBMB EC number 2 7 7 11 GO code 0047338 image width caption Orphan date February 2009 In enzymology , an UTP xylose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase EC number 2.7.7.11 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UTP alpha D xylose 1 phosphate math rightleftharpoons math diphosphate UDP xylose Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are uridine triphosphate UTP and alpha D xylose 1 phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are diphosphate and UDP xylose . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing nucleotide groups nucleotidyltransferase s . The systematic name of this enzyme class is UTP alpha D xylose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase . Other names in common use include xylose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase , uridylyltransferase, xylose 1 phosphate , UDP xylose pyrophosphorylase , uridine diphosphoxylose pyrophosphorylase , and xylose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase . This enzyme participates in nucleotide sugars metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ginsburg V, Neufeld EF, Hassid WZ date 1956 title ENZYMATIC SYNTHESIS OF URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE XYLOSE AND URIDINE DIPHOSPHATE ARABINOSE journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. volume 42 pages 333&ndash 5 pmid 16578456 doi 10.1073 pnas.42.6.333 issue 6 pmc 528284 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.7 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name protein xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.26 CAS number 55576 38 0 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 26 GO code 0030158 image width caption In enzymology , a protein xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.26 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction in which a beta D xylose xylosyl residue is transferred from UDP D xylose to the sidechain oxygen atom of a serine residue in a protein . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose protein beta D xylosyltransferase . Other names in common use include UDP D xylose core protein beta D xylosyltransferase , UDP D xylose core protein xylosyltransferase , UDP D xylose proteoglycan core protein beta D xylosyltransferase , UDP xylose core protein beta D xylosyltransferase , uridine diphosphoxylose core protein beta xylosyltransferase , and uridine diphosphoxylose protein xylosyltransferase . This enzyme participates in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate and glycan structures. References reflist 1 cite journal author Stoolmiller AC, Horwitz AL, Dorfman A date 1972 title Biosynthesis of the chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan. Purification and properties of xylosyltransferase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 247 pages 3525&ndash 32 pmid 5030630 issue 11 cite journal author Gotting C, Kuhn J, Zahn R, Brinkmann T, Kleesiek K date 2000 title Molecular cloning and expression of human UDP d Xylose proteoglycan core protein beta d xylosyltransferase and its first isoform XT II journal J. Mol. Biol. volume 304 pages 517&ndash 28 pmid 11099377 doi 10.1006 jmbi.2000.4261 issue 4 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name UDP arabinose 4 epimerase EC number 5.1.3.5 CAS number 9024 18 4 IUBMB EC number 5 1 3 5 GO code 0050373 image width caption In enzymology , an UDP arabinose 4 epimerase EC number 5.1.3.5 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP L arabinose math rightleftharpoons math UDP D xylose Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , UDP L arabinose , and one product chemistry product , UDP D xylose . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those racemase s and epimerase s acting on carbohydrate s and derivatives. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP L arabinose 4 epimerase . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoarabinose epimerase , UDP arabinose epimerase , uridine 5 diphosphate D xylose 4 epimerase , and UDP D xylose 4 epimerase . This enzyme participates in nucleotide sugars metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author FEINGOLD DS, NEUFELD EF, HASSID WZ date 1960 title The 4 epimerization and decarboxylation of uridine diphosphate D glucuronic acid by extracts from Phaseolus aureus seedlings journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 235 pages 910&ndash 3 pmid 13821949 isomerase stub Category EC 5.1.3 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Unreferenced date April 2008 Image Xylose.png thumb Xylose Xylosyltransferase are transferase enzymes which act upon xylose and are classified under EC 2.4.2. More specifically, they can refer to Dolichyl phosphate D xylosyltransferase Dolichyl xylosyl phosphate protein xylosyltransferase Flavonol 3 O glycoside xylosyltransferase Glycoprotein 2 beta D xylosyltransferase Protein xylosyltransferase Xyloglucan 6 xylosyltransferase XYLT1 XYLT2 Zeatin O beta D xylosyltransferase Glycosyltransferases xylosyl transferase is the first enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of glycosaminoglycan chains, an important constituent of proteoglycans. There are two types of xylosyl transferases type I and type II. Category EC 2.4.2 Transferase stub ... more details
Orphan date January 2011 one source date May 2010 A xyloside is a type of glycoside derived from the sugar xylose . Proteoglycan PG synthesis is initiated by the transfer of D xylose from UDP xylose to a serine residue in core proteins. This natural primer acts as a template for the assembly of heparin sulfate , heparin , chondroitin sulfate , and dermatan sulfate side chains, depending on the tissue. However, in 1973 it was determined that synthetic B D xylosides can prime glycosaminoglycan GAG synthesis by substituting for the core xylosylated protein. Many Beta D xylosides have been studied for use as xylose primes with varying results Esko and Montgomery 1995 . 1 Priming requires the Beta anomer of xylose Galligani et al. 1975 . 2 Priming activity correlates with the activity of the aglycone cite . 3 The most active xyloside primers contain O or S in glycosidic linkage Sobue et al. 1987 . 4 Priming is dose dependent Esko et al. 1987, Lugemwa and Esko 1991 . 5 Beta D xylosides prime GAGs in most cells. 6 Most of the material created from Beta D xylosides priming is excreted into the growth media. 7 Beta D xylosides prime chondroitin sulfate or dermatan slfate whereas priming of heparin sulfate poorly, except with the appropriate aglycones Lugemwa and Esko, 1991 Fritz et al. , 1994 . Beta D xylosides consist of a xylose in beta linkage to an aglycone. The aglycone often consists of a hydrophobic compound which aids in carrying the sugar moiety to the Golgi apparatus golgi membrane where GAG synthesis takes place. List of xylosides 2 naphthol B D xyloside References reflist The influence of p nitrophenyl beta d xyloside on the synthesis of proteochondroitin sulfate by slices of embryonic chick cartilage.,Okayama M, Kimata K, Suzuki S.,J Biochem. 1973 Nov 74 5 1069 73. http jb.oxfordjournals.org cgi reprint 74 5 1069 Category Glycosides ... more details
enzyme Name dolichyl phosphate D xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.32 CAS number IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 32 GO code 0047283 image width caption In enzymology , a dolichyl phosphate D xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.32 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D xylose dolichyl phosphate math rightleftharpoons math UDP dolichyl D xylosyl phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP D xylose and dolichyl phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and dolichyl D xylosyl phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose dolichyl phosphate D xylosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Waechter CJ, Lucas JJ, Lennarz WJ date 1974 title Evidence for xylosyl lipids as intermediates in xylosyl transfers in hen oviduct membranes journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 56 pages 343&ndash 50 pmid 4823870 doi 10.1016 0006 291X 74 90848 1 issue 2 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name zeatin O beta D xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.40 CAS number 110541 22 5 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 40 GO code 0050404 image width caption In enzymology , a zeatin O beta D xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.40 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D xylose zeatin math rightleftharpoons math UDP O beta D xylosylzeatin Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP D xylose and zeatin , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and O beta D xylosylzeatin . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose zeatin O beta D xylosyltransferase . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoxylose zeatin xylosyltransferase , and zeatin O xylosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Turner JE, Mok DW, Mok MC, Shaw G date 1987 title Isolation and partial purification of an enzyme catalyzing the formation of O xylosylzeatin in Phaseolus vulgaris embryos journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. volume 84 pages 3714&ndash 3717 pmid 16593839 doi 10.1073 pnas.84.11.3714 issue 11 pmc 304946 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar XLD agar is a wikt selective selective growth medium used in the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella species from clinical samples and from food. ref cite journal author Zajc Satler J, Gragas AZ title Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar for the isolation of Salmonella and Shigella from clinical specimens journal Zentralbl Bakteriol Orig A volume 237 issue 2 3 pages 196 200 year 1977 pmid 848209 ref ref cite journal author Nye KJ, Fallon D, Frodsham D, et al. title An evaluation of the performance of XLD, DCA, MLCB, and ABC agars as direct plating media for the isolation of Salmonella enterica from faeces journal J. Clin. Pathol. volume 55 issue 4 pages 286 8 year 2002 month April pmid 11919214 pmc 1769632 url http jcp.bmj.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 11919214 ref It has a pH of approximately 7.4, leaving it with a bright pink or red appearance due to the indicator phenol red. Sugar fermentation lowers the pH and the phenol red indicator registers this by changing to yellow. Most gut bacteria, including Salmonella , can ferment the sugar xylose to produce acid Shigella colonies cannot do this and therefore remain red. After exhausting the xylose supply Salmonella colonies will decarboxylate lysine, increasing the pH once again to alkaline and mimicking the red Shigella colonies. Salmonellae metabolise thiosulfate to produce hydrogen sulfide , which leads to the formation of colonies with black centers and allows them to be differentiated from the similarly coloured Shigella colonies. Other Enterobacteria such as E. coli will ferment the lactose and sucrose present in the medium to an extent that will prevent pH reversion by decarboxylation and acidify the medium turning it yellow. Salmonella species red colonies, some with black centers. The agar ... class wikitable Yeast extract 3g l L Lysine 5g l Xylose 3.75g l Lactose 7.5g l Sucrose 7.5g l ... Procedure for Xylose lysine desoxycholate XLD . agar http www.microbeid.com Media xld.html Growth Characteristics ... more details
Taxobox image regnum Fungi divisio Ascomycota classis Saccharomycetes ordo Saccharomycetales familia Saccharomycetaceae genus Pichia species P. stipitis binomial Pichia stipitis binomial authority Pignal 1967 Pichia stipitis is a species of yeast, in the same family as brewer s yeast , Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Found, among other places, in the guts of termite s, it is capable of both aerobic and anaerobic Fermentation biochemistry fermentation , and has the highest known natural ability of any yeast to directly ferment xylose , converting it to ethanol , a potentially economically valuable trait. Xylose, known as wood sugar, is a By product waste product of industrial papermaking . As a result, Pichia stipitis is has been extensively studied, and the Full genome sequencing complete sequencing of its genome was announced in 2007. ref cite journal author Jeffries, T.W., et al. date year 2007 month March day title Genome sequence of the lignocellulose bioconverting and xylose fermenting yeast Pichia stipitis trans title journal Nature Biotechnology volume 25 issue 3 pages 319 326 publisher location issn pmid 17334359 pmc doi 10.1038 nbt1290 bibcode oclc id url http www.nature.com nbt journal v25 n3 abs nbt1290.html language accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref Ethanol inhibits metabolism in P. stipitis , so the XYL1 and XYL2 genes it uses to produce the proteins required to break down xylose were inserted into genetically engineered S. cerevisiae . This new strain of yeast can Xylose metabolism ferment xylose and tolerate the ethanol it produces, potentially allowing for the industrial production of biofuel . That innovation was initially developed by Professor Jamie Cate at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and the University of California at Berkeley . It was furthered by British Petroleum BP scientist Xiaomin Yang at the BP funded Energy Biosciences Institute , by graduate student Soo Rin Kim of Seoul National University , and by two individua ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 5 sub The molecular formula C sub 5 sub H sub 10 sub O sub 5 sub molar mass 150.13 g mol, exact mass 150.052823 may refer to Apiose Aldopentose s Arabinose Lyxose Ribose Xylose Ketopentose s Ribulose Xylulose MolFormDisambig fr C5H10O5 ... more details
enzyme Name UDP glucuronate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.35 CAS number 9024 68 4 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 35 GO code 0048040 image width caption In enzymology , an UDP glucuronate decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.35 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D glucuronate math rightleftharpoons math UDP D xylose CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , UDP D glucuronate , and two product chemistry products , UDP D xylose and carbon dioxide CO sub 2 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D glucuronate carboxy lyase UDP D xylose forming . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoglucuronate decarboxylase , and UDP D glucuronate carboxy lyase . This enzyme participates in starch and sucrose metabolism and nucleotide sugars metabolism . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , NAD . Structural studies As of late 2007, two tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 2B69 and PDB link 2BLL . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ankel H and Feingold DS date 1965 title Biosynthesis of uridine diphosphate D xylose. 1. Uridine diphosphate glucuronate carboxy lyase of wheat germ journal Biochemistry volume 4 pages 2468&ndash 2475 doi 10.1021 bi00887a028 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.1 Category NADH dependent enzymes Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
enzyme Name 1,4 beta D xylan synthase EC number 2.4.2.24 CAS number 37277 73 9 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 24 GO code 0047517 image width caption In enzymology , a 1,4 beta D xylan synthase EC number 2.4.2.24 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D xylose 1,4 beta D xylan n math rightleftharpoons math UDP 1,4 beta D xylan n sup sup 1 Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP D xylose and 1,4 beta D xylan n , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and 1,4 beta D xylan n 1 . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose 1,4 beta D xylan 4 beta D xylosyltransferase . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoxylose 1,4 beta xylan xylosyltransferase , 1,4 beta xylan synthase , xylan synthase , and xylan synthetase . This enzyme participates in starch and sucrose metabolism and nucleotide sugars metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Bailey RW and Hassid WZ date 1966 title Xylan synthesis from uridine diphosphate D xylose by particulate preparations from immature corncobs journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA volume 56 issue 5 pages 1586&ndash 1593 doi 10.1073 pnas.56.5.1586 pmc 220039 pmid 16591393 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name flavonol 3 O glycoside xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.35 CAS number 83380 90 9 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 35 GO code 0047285 image width caption In enzymology , a flavonol 3 O glycoside xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.35 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP D xylose a flavonol 3 O glycoside math rightleftharpoons math UDP a flavonol 3 D xylosyl 1 2 beta D glycoside Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP D xylose and flavonol 3 O glycoside , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and flavonol 3 D xylosyl 1 2 beta D glycoside . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose flavonol 3 O glycoside 2 O beta D xylosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Wiermann R date 1982 title Formation of flavonol 3 O diglycosides and flavonol 3 O triglycosides by enzyme extracts from anthers of Tulipa cv apeldoorn characterization and activity of 3 different O glycosyltransferases during anther development journal Z. Natursforsch. C Biosci. volume 37 pages 587&ndash 599 cite journal author Ishikura N and Yang ZQ date 1991 title UDP D xylose flavonol 3 O xylosyltransferase from young leaves of Euonymus alatus f. ciliato dentatus journal Z. Naturforsch. C Biosci. volume 46 pages 1003&ndash 1010 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name xylosylprotein 4 beta galactosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.133 CAS number 52227 72 2 IUBMB EC number 2 4 1 133 GO code 0046525 image width caption In enzymology , a xylosylprotein 4 beta galactosyltransferase EC number 2.4.1.133 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction UDP galactose O beta D xylosylprotein math rightleftharpoons math UDP 4 beta D galactosyl O beta D xylosylprotein Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are UDP galactose and O beta D xylosylprotein , whereas its two product chemistry products are uridine diphosphate UDP and 4 beta D galactosyl O beta D xylosylprotein . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the hexosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP galactose O beta D xylosylprotein 4 beta D galactosyltransferase . Other names in common use include UDP D galactose D xylose galactosyltransferase , UDP D galactose xylose galactosyltransferase , galactosyltransferase I , and uridine diphosphogalactose xylose galactosyltransferase . This enzyme participates in chondroitin sulfate biosynthesis and glycan structures biosynthesis 1 . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , manganese . References reflist 1 cite journal author Schwartz NB, Roden L date 1975 title Biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. Solubilization of chondroitin sulfate glycosyltransferases and partial purification of uridine diphosphate D galactose D xylose galactosyltrans journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 250 pages 5200&ndash 7 pmid 1150655 issue 13 cite journal author Okajima T, Yoshida K, Kondo T, Furukawa K date 1999 title Human homolog of Caenorhabditis elegans sqv 3 gene is galactosyltransferase I involved in the biosynthesis of the glycosaminoglycan protein linkage region of proteoglycans journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 274 pages 22915&ndash 8 pmid 10438455 doi 10.1074 jbc.274.33.22915 issue 33 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.1 Category Manganese enzymes Category Enzym ... more details
enzyme Name Xyloglucan 6 xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.39 CAS number 80238 01 3 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 39 GO code image width caption In enzymology , a xyloglucan 6 xylosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.39 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction in which an alpha D xylose xylosyl residue is transferred from UDP D xylose to a glucose residue in xyloglucan , being attached by an alpha 1,6 D xylosyl D glucose bond. This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is UDP D xylose xyloglucan 1,6 alpha D xylosyltransferase . Other names in common use include uridine diphosphoxylose xyloglucan 6alpha xylosyltransferase , and xyloglucan 6 alpha D xylosyltransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Hayashi T, Matsuda K date 1981 title Biosynthesis of xyloglucan in suspension cultured soybean cells Occurrence and some properties of xyloglucan 4 beta D glucosyltransferase and 6 alpha D xylosyltransferase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 256 pages 11117&ndash 22 pmid 6457048 issue 21 cite journal author Hayashi T and Matsuda K date 1981 title Biosynthesis of xyloglucan in suspension cultured soybean cells synthesis of xyloglucan from UDP glucose and UDP xylose in the cell free system journal Plant Cell Physiol. volume 22 pages 517&ndash 523 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
XLD may refer to Xylose lysine deoxycholate or XLD agar , a growth medium for bacterial cultures. X Lossless Decoder , a tool for Mac OS X that is able to decode, convert, and play various lossless audio files. The XLD connector , a keyed variant of the XLR connector. A series of Atari computers, including the 1450 XLD . A Microsoft Excel file format. dab it XLD ... more details
XLT Agar Xylose Lysine Tergitol 4 Is a selective culture medium for the isolation and identification of salmonella e from food and environmental samples. It is similar to XLD agar however the agar is supplemented with the surfactant, Tergitol 4, which causes inhibition of Proteus Proteus spp. and other non Salmonellae. ref Cite pmid 7790441 ref Successful growth of Salmonella will result in growth of red colonies with a black centre. XLT Agar contains class wikitable Peptone Peptide classes Proteose Peptone 1.6g l Yeast extract 3g l L Lysine 5g l Xylose 3.75g l Lactose 7.5g l Sucrose 7.5g l Sodium chloride 5g l Sodium thiosulphate 6.8g l Ferric ammonium citrate 0.8 mg l Phenol red 0.08g l Agar 18g l See also agar plate XLD agar R2a agar MRS agar References See http en.wikipedia.org wiki Wikipedia Footnotes for a discussion of different citation methods and how to generate footnotes using the ref , ref and reference tags Reflist External links http www.foodnavigator.com news ng.asp?id 63459 salmonella Growth media DEFAULTSORT Xlt Agar Category Microbiological media Category Bacteriology Category Microbiology microbiology stub ... more details
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