F NFPA R NFPA O RPhrases SPhrases RSPhrases FlashPt Autoignition ExploLimits PEL Xanthine pron en z n i n ... stimulant s are derived from xanthine, including caffeine and theobromine . ref name isbn0 8493 2647 ... ref Xanthine is a product on the pathway of purine degradation . It is created from guanine by guanine deaminase . It is created from hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase . Xanthine is subsequently converted to uric acid by the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme. Pathology People with the rare genetic disorder xanthinuria lack sufficient xanthine oxidase and cannot convert xanthine to uric acid. Clinical significance of xanthine derivatives Derivatives of xanthine, known collectively ... sub 3 sub H 1,3 dimethyl 7H purine 2,6 dione Tea , chocolate , Yerba mate Xanthine H H H 3,7 dihydro ... de Xanthin es Xantina fr Xanthine io Xantino id Xantina it Xantina mk nl Xanthine ja pl Ksantyna pt Xantina ru fi Ksantiini sv Xantin ur Xanthine zh ... more details
enzyme Name xanthine oxidase dehydrogenase EC number 1.17.3.2 IUBMB EC number 1 17 3 2 CAS number 9002 ... of bovine xanthine oxidase. ref name pmid11005854 PDB 1FIQ cite journal author Enroth C, Eger BT, Okamoto K, Nishino T, Nishino T, Pai EF title Crystal structures of bovine milk xanthine dehydrogenase and xanthine oxidase structure based mechanism of conversion journal Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. .... protein Name xanthine oxidase dehydrogenase caption image width HGNCid 12805 Symbol Xanthine dehydrogenase ... 1.17.3.2 Chromosome 2 Arm p Band 23.1 LocusSupplementaryData Xanthine oxidase XO sometimes XAO , a form of xanthine oxidoreductase that generates reactive oxygen species ref cite journal unused data ... study on xanthine oxidoreductase xanthine oxidase in mammalian corneal epithelium ... ref is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of hypoxanthine to xanthine and can further catalyze the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid . This enzyme plays an important role in the catabolism ... and function of xanthine oxidoreductase where are we now? journal Free Radic. Biol. Med. volume 33 issue 6 pages 774 97 year 2002 pmid 12208366 doi 10.1016 S0891 5849 02 00956 5 ref Xanthine oxidase can be converted to xanthine dehydrogenase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene XDH xanthine dehydrogenase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ... by xanthine oxidase hypoxanthine H sub 2 sub O O sub 2 sub math rightleftharpoons math xanthine H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub xanthine H sub 2 sub O O sub 2 sub math rightleftharpoons math uric acid ... Xanthin Xanthine.svg xanthine two oxygens Image Harns ure Ketoform.svg uric acid three oxygens gallery ... . ref cite journal author Hille R. title Structure and Function of Xanthine Oxidoreductase journal ... ejic.200600087 ref In the reaction with xanthine to form uric acid, an oxygen atom is transferred from molybdenum to xanthine, whereby several intermediates are assumed to be involved. ref cite journal ... more details
enzyme Name xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.22 CAS number 9023 10 3 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 22 GO code 0000310 image width caption In enzymology , a xanthine phosphoribosyltransferase EC number 2.4.2.22 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction XMP diphosphate math rightleftharpoons math 5 phospho alpha D ribose 1 diphosphate xanthine Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are XMP and diphosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are 5 phospho alpha D ribose 1 diphosphate and xanthine . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is XMP diphosphate 5 phospho alpha D ribosyltransferase . Other names in common use include Xan phosphoribosyltransferase , xanthosine 5 phosphate pyrophosphorylase , xanthylate pyrophosphorylase , xanthylic pyrophosphorylase , XMP pyrophosphorylase , 5 phospho alpha D ribose 1 diphosphate xanthine , phospho D ribosyltransferase , 9 5 phospho beta D ribosyl xanthine diphosphate , and 5 phospho alpha D ribosyltransferase . This enzyme participates in purine metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 6 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1A95 , PDB link 1A96 , PDB link 1A97 , PDB link 1A98 , PDB link 1NUL , and PDB link 2FXV . References reflist 1 cite journal author Krenitsky TA, Neil SM, Miller RL date 1970 title Guanine and xanthine phosphoribosyltransfer activities of Lactobacillus casei and Escherichia coli. Their relationship to hypoxanthine and adenine phosphoribosyltransfer activities journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 245 pages 2605&ndash 11 pmid 4910918 issue 10 enzyme stub Category EC 2.4.2 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
PBB geneid 7498 enzyme Name xanthine dehydrogenase EC number 1.17.1.4 IUBMB EC number 1 17 1 4 CAS number 9054 84 6 GO code 0004854 image width caption Xanthine dehydrogenase , also known as XDH , is a protein ... xanthine dehydrogenase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch ... S, Hosoya T, Sakai O, Shimizu N, Nishino T title Cloning of the cDNA encoding human xanthine dehydrogenase ... 90652 J url issn ref Function Xanthine dehydrogenase belongs to the group of molybdenum containing hydroxylase s involved in the oxidative metabolism of purine s. The enzyme is a homodimer. Xanthine dehydrogenase can be converted to xanthine oxidase by reversible sulfhydryl oxidation or by irreversible proteolytic modification. ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene XDH xanthine dehydrogenase ... ref Xanthine dehydrogenase catalysis catalyzes the following chemical reaction xanthine NAD sup sup ... of this enzyme are xanthine , nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide NAD sup sup , and water H sub ... class is xanthine NAD oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include NAD xanthine dehydrogenase , xanthine NAD oxidoreductase , xanthine NAD oxidoreductase , and xanthine oxidoreductase . This enzyme participates in purine metabolism . Clinical significance Defects in xanthine dehydrogenase ... Gene XDH xanthine dehydrogenase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 7498 accessdate ref See also aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a b hammerhead domain xanthine oxidase References reflist 2 Further reading refbegin 2 cite journal author Battelli ... liver xanthine oxidase. Involvement of thiol groups in the conversion of the enzyme activity from ... 1964 title PURIFICATION OF XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE FROM DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER journal Biochim. Biophys ... date 1967 title Purification and properties of chicken liver xanthine dehydrogenase journal J. Biol ... KV, Handler P date 1967 title Purification and properties of xanthine dehydroganase from Micrococcus ... more details
A xanthine oxidase inhibitor is any substance that Enzyme inhibitor inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase , an enzyme involved in purine metabolism . In human s, inhibition of xanthine oxidase reduces the production of uric acid , and several medication s that inhibit xanthine oxidase are Indication medicine indicated for treatment of hyperuricemia and related medical conditions including gout ... of xanthine oxidase inhibitors renaissance half a century after the discovery of allopurinol journal ... 10.1124 pr.58.1.6 url issn ref Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are being investigated for management of reperfusion injury . Xanthine oxidase inhibitors are of two kinds purine analogue s and others. Purine ... renal clearance of the xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol induced by a uricosuric agent, benzbromarone ..., a novel nonpurine selective inhibitor of xanthine oxidase a twenty eight day, multicenter, phase II ... inositol . In experiments, numerous natural product s have been found to inhibit xanthine oxidase in vitro ... of superoxide anion radicals by xanthine oxidase and stimulated neutrophils journal Archives ... group inhibit xanthine oxidase. ref name pmid10671036 cite journal author Nagao A, Seki M, Kobayashi H title Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by flavonoids journal Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry ... url issn ref An essential oil extracted from Cinnamomum osmophloeum inhibits xanthine oxidase ... FH, Chang ST title Essential oil from leaves of Cinnamomum osmophloeum acts as a xanthine oxidase inhibitor ... The natural product propolis from selected sources inhibits xanthine oxidase in rat s the specific ... is unknown. ref name pmid15738631 cite journal author Yoshizumi K, Nishioka N, Tsuji T title Xanthine ... dead link date May 2010 ref An extract of leaves of Pistacia integerrima also inhibits xanthine ..., caffeic acid , is only a weak inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. ref name pmid7539070 cite journal author Chiang HC, Lo YJ, Lu FJ title Xanthine oxidase inhibitors from the leaves of Alsophila spinulosa ... more details
Information Description Reactions catalyzed by xanthine oxidase. Source I User Chem8240bv Chem8240bv User talk Chem8240bv talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 01 43, 13 October 2010 UTC Author User Chem8240bv Chem8240bv User talk Chem8240bv talk other versions PD self date October 2010 ... more details
Pfam box Symbol Ald Xan dh C Name Aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a b hammerhead domain image width caption Pfam PF01315 InterPro IPR000674 SMART Prosite SCOP 1alo TCDB OPM family OPM protein PDB PDB3 1t3q E 28 142 PDB3 1n5w E 35 144 PDB3 1zxi B 35 144 PDB3 1n60 B 35 144 PDB3 1n63 E 35 144 PDB3 1n62 E 35 144 PDB3 1n61 E 35 144 PDB3 1sb3 D 25 131 PDB3 1rm6 A 25 131 PDB3 1wyg A 587 693 PDB3 1v97 B 587 693 PDB3 1n5x A 587 693 PDB3 1fo4 B 587 693 PDB3 1vdv B 587 693 PDB3 1fiq C 587 693 PDB3 1dgj A 203 308 PDB3 1sij A 192 308 PDB3 1vlb A 192 308 The aldehyde oxidase and xanthine dehydrogenase, a b hammerhead domain is an evolutionary conserved protein domain . Aldehyde oxidase EC number 1.2.3.1 catalyzes the conversion of an aldehyde in the presence of oxygen and water to an acid and hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme is a homodimer, and requires FAD , molybdenum and two 2FE 2S clusters as cofactors. Xanthine dehydrogenase EC number 1.1.1.204 catalyzes the hydrogenation of xanthine to uric acid urate , and also requires FAD, molybdenum and two 2FE 2S clusters as cofactors. This activity is often found in a bifunctional enzyme with xanthine oxidase EC number 1.1.3.22 activity too. The enzyme can be converted from the dehydrogenase form to the oxidase form irreversibly by proteolysis or reversibly through oxidation of sulfhydryl groups. Human proteins containing this domain aldehyde oxidase 1 AOX1 , xanthine dehydrogenase XDH Further reading refbegin cite journal author Rom o MJ, Archer M, Moura I, Moura JJ, LeGall J, Engh R, Schneider M, Hof P, Huber R title Crystal structure of the xanthine oxidase related aldehyde oxido reductase from D. gigas journal Science volume 270 issue 5239 pages 1170 6 year 1995 month November pmid 7502041 doi 10.1126 science.270.5239.1170 url issn cite journal author Dobbek H, Gremer L, Meyer O, Huber R title Crystal structure and mechanism of CO dehydrogenase, a molybdo iron sulfur flavoprotein containing S selanylcysteine journal Proc ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Image Purin2.svg thumb Purine File Xanthine molecule.png thumb Xanthine Image Hypoxanthin Struktur.png thumb Hypoxanthine Purinones are derivatives of purine which have a substituted keto group. Most are divided into two families Hypoxanthine s Xanthine s External links MeshName Purinones Category Purines chemistry stub ... more details
Summary Illustration of hydroxymethylpentylcyclohexenecarboxaldehyde. Chemical structure data sourced from various chemical data websites. Author User Xanthine Xanthine 12 52, 29 September 2006 UTC Licensing self2 GFDL with disclaimers cc by 2.5 migration relicense ... more details
Summary Information Description xanthine diaminopyrimidine Source self made Date . Location . Author User Squidonius Squidonius User talk Squidonius talk other versions Licensing PD self date March 2008 ... more details
Infobox disease Name Xanthinuria ICD10 ICD10 E 79 8 e 70 ICD9 ICD9 277.2 ICDO Image Xanthine molecule.png Caption Xanthine OMIM 278300 OMIM mult OMIM2 603592 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj ped eMedicineTopic 2452 DiseasesDB 14194 DiseasesDB mult DiseasesDB2 29821 MeshName MeshNumber Xanthinuria , also known as xanthine oxidase deficiency , is a rare genetic disorder causing the accumulation of xanthine . It is caused by a deficiency of the enzyme xanthine oxidase . It was first formally characterized in 1954. ref cite journal author Dent CE, Philpot GR title Xanthinuria, an inborn error or deviation of metabolism journal The Lancet Lancet year 1954 volume 266 issue 6804 pages 182 5 pmid 13118765 doi 10.1016 S0140 6736 54 91257 X ref Causes It can be caused by a deficiency of xanthine oxidase , which is an enzyme necessary for converting xanthine to uric acid . ref name pmid9153281 cite journal author Ichida K, Amaya Y, Kamatani N, Nishino T, Hosoya T, Sakai O title Identification of two mutations in human xanthine dehydrogenase gene responsible for classical type I xanthinuria journal J. Clin. Invest. volume 99 issue 10 pages 2391 7 year 1997 pmid 9153281 pmc 508078 doi 10.1172 JCI119421 ref Presentation Sufferers have unusually high concentrations of xanthine in their blood and urine, which can lead to health problems such as renal failure and xanthine kidney stones, one of the rarest types of kidney stones. Treatment There is no specific treatment beyond maintaining a high fluid intake and avoiding foods that are high in purine . References references div class references small cite journal author Kojima T., Nishina T., Kitamura M., Hosoya T., Nishioka K. title Biochemical studies on the purine metabolism of four cases with hereditary xanthinuria journal Clin Chim Acta. year 1984 volume 137 issue 2 pages 189 98 pmid 6423323 doi 10.1016 0009 8981 84 90179 7 cite journal author Hille R. title Structure and Function of Xanthine Oxidoreductase journal European Journal of Inorganic ... more details
Summary Digital artist s impression of Pluto and Charon, showing our Sun in the top left corner. The image has been created to show colours as close as possible to those observed, including Pluto s dark equatorial feature. Artist User Xanthine Xanthine 16 04, 29 August 2006 UTC Licensing self2 GFDL with disclaimers cc by 2.5 migration relicense ... more details
Noref date April 2010 Weidel s reaction may refer to either a chemical reaction showing the presence of uric acid or xanthine bodies, or to a Chemical test test now considered obsolete based on that reaction invented by the Austria Austrian chemist Hugo Weidel . A solution of the suspected substance in chlorine water with a little nitric acid is evaporated in a water bath , and then exposed to the vapor of ammonia the presence of xanthine is indicated when a red or purple color develops. Category Chemical tests Category Name reactions zh Weidel ... more details
distinguish Neuropathy Unreferenced date April 2008 Infobox Disease Name Nephropathy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D007674 Nephropathy refers to damage to or disease of the kidney . An older term for this is nephrosis . Causes Causes of nephropathy include administration of analgesic s, xanthine oxidase deficiency , and long term exposure to lead or its salts. Chronic conditions that can produce nephropathy include systemic lupus erythematosus , diabetes mellitus and high blood pressure hypertension , which lead to diabetic nephropathy and hypertensive nephropathy , respectively. Analgesics main Analgesic nephropathy One cause of nephropathy is the long term usage of analgesics . The pain medicines which can cause kidney problems include aspirin , acetaminophen , and nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drug s, or NSAID s. This form of nephropathy is chronic analgesic nephritis, a chronic inflammatory change characterized by loss and atrophy of tubules and interstitial fibrosis and inflammation BRS Pathology, 2nd edition . Specifically, long term use of the analgesic phenacetin has been linked to renal papillary necrosis necrotizing papillitis . Xanthine oxidase deficiency main Xanthine oxidase deficiency A second possible cause of nephropathy is due to decreased function of xanthine oxidase in the purine degradation pathway. Xanthine oxidase will degrade hypoxanthine to xanthine and then to uric acid . Xanthine is not very soluble in water therefore, an increase in xanthine forms crystals which can lead to kidney stone s and result in damage of the kidney. Drugs like allopurinol that are used to inhibit xanthine oxidase can therefore cause possible nephropathy. Polycystic Disease of the Kidneys main Polycystic Disease of the Kidneys Additional possible cause of nephropathy is due to the formation of cysts or pockets containing fluid within the kidneys. These cysts get enlarged with the progression of aging c ... more details
XDH is a three letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, as described below the XDH Assumption , or, the External Diffie Hellman assumption , a mathematic assumption used in elliptic curve cryptography XdH Aviation Services Inc. , a Canada Canadian aviation company xanthine dehydrogenase , an enzyme disambig ... more details
enzyme Name enzyme thiol transhydrogenase glutathione disulfide EC number 1.8.4.7 CAS number 85030 79 1 IUBMB EC number 1 8 4 7 GO code 0047142 image width caption In enzymology , an enzyme thiol transhydrogenase glutathione disulfide EC number 1.8.4.7 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction xanthine dehydrogenase glutathione disulfide math rightleftharpoons math xanthine oxidase 2 glutathione Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are xanthine dehydrogenase and glutathione disulfide , whereas its two product chemistry products are xanthine oxidase and glutathione . This enzyme belongs to the family of oxidoreductase s, specifically those acting on a sulfur group of donors with a disulfide as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is xanthine dehydrogenase glutathione disulfide S oxidoreductase . Other names in common use include xanthine dehydrogenase oxidized glutathione S oxidoreductase , enzyme thiol transhydrogenase oxidized glutathione , glutathione dependent thiol disulfide oxidoreductase , and thiol disulfide oxidoreductase . This enzyme participates in glutathione metabolism . References reflist 1 cite journal author Battelli MG, Lorenzoni E date 1982 title Purification and properties of a new glutathione dependent thiol disulphide oxidoreductase from rat liver journal Biochem. J. volume 207 pages 133&ndash 8 pmid 6960894 issue 1 pmc 1153833 1.8 enzyme stub Category EC 1.8.4 Category Enzymes of unknown structure it Enzima tiolo transidrogenasi glutatione disolfuro ja ... more details
Guanase converts guanine to xanthineXanthine oxidase a form of xanthine oxidoreductase catalyzes the oxidation of xanthine to uric acid Adenine A nuclease frees the nucleotide A nucleotidase creates ... hypoxanthine Xanthine oxidoreductase catalyzes the biotransformation of hypoxanthine to xanthineXanthine oxidoreductase acts upon xanthine to create uric acid Salvage Purines from turnover of nucleic ... xanthine oxidoreductase and, thus, lowers the level of uric acid in the body. This may be useful ... more details
Summary Information Description This xanthine oxidase inhibitor is used to treat gout. Source I User Yid Yid User talk Yid talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 15 56, 16 April 2010 UTC Author User Yid Yid User talk Yid talk other versions Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 GFDL migration redundant Category Chemical structures ... more details
wiktionarypar inhibition inhibitor Something that restrains, blocks, or suppresses. Inhibitor or inhibition may refer to Corrosion inhibitor , a substance that decreases the rate of metal oxidation Enzyme inhibitor , a substance that binds to an enzyme and decreases the enzyme s activity Reuptake inhibitor , a substance that increases neurotransmission by blocking the reuptake of a neurotransmitter Inhibition of return , a feature of attention Inhibition Theory , a theory pertaining to the performance of a mental task Inhibitors Revelation Space , machines in Alastair Reynolds s Revelation Space novels Lateral inhibition , a mechanism by which neurons are able to determine the origin of a stimulus Memory inhibition , processes that suppress or interfere with specific memories Reaction inhibitor , a substance that prevents or decreases the rate of a chemical reaction Sexual inhibition , reservations relating to sexual practices Social inhibition , a conditioned fear reaction to social marginalization or isolation Xanthine oxidase inhibitor , a substance that inhibits the enzyme xanthine oxidase Inhibitions song Inhibitions , a 2008 single by Swedish band Alcazar Inhibitory postsynaptic potential , a synaptic potential that decreases the firing of a neuron See also Preservative , a substance that inhibits spoilage Embalming , the preservation of human remains Food preservation , the inhibition of microbial growth in food Nuclear poison , an inhibitor of nuclear reactions Disambig bs Inhibitor vor de Inhibition fr Inhibiteur it Inibizione tr Engelleyici ... more details
Oster, K., Oster, J., and Ross, D. Immune Response to Bovine Xanthine Oxidase in Atherosclerotic ... Xanthine Oxidase in Atherosclerotic Plaques and Myocardial Tissues. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental ... s milk Ross DJ, Sharnick SV, Oster KA. Liposomes as proposed vehicle for the persorption of bovine xanthine .... Clifford AJ, Ho CY, Swenerton H. Homogenized bovine milk xanthine oxidase a critique of the hypothesis .... 1983 38 327 332. McCarthy RD, Long CA. Bovine milk intake and xanthine oxidase activity in blood ... xanthine oxidase studies on miniature pigs. Nutrition Report International. 1977 16 241 248. Ho CY, Crane ... milk xanthine oxidase. Journal of Nutrition. 1978 108 55 60. Bangham AD. Physical structure and behavior .... Bovine milk xanthine oxidase, blood lipids and coronary plaques in rabbits. Journal of Nutrition. 1977 ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 384067967 Reference ref name Merck Merck Index , 11th Edition, 9974 ref ImageFile Xanthosin.svg ImageSize 160px IUPACName 9 2 R ,3 R ,4 S ,5 R 3,4 dihydroxy 5 hydroxymethyl oxolan 2 yl 3 H purine 2,6 dione OtherNames Xanthine riboside 9 beta small D small Ribofuranosylxanthine Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 146 80 5 PubChem 64959 SMILES C1 NC2 C N1 C H 3 C H C H C H O3 CO O O NC O NC2 O Section2 Chembox Properties C 10 H 12 N 4 O 6 Appearance Density MeltingPt Decomposes when heated BoilingPt Solubility Sparingly soluble in cold water freely soluble in hot water Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Xanthosine is a nucleoside derived from xanthine and ribose . See also Xanthosine monophosphate Xanthosine diphosphate Xanthosine triphosphate References reflist organic compound stub Category nucleosides Category Purines Category Ribosides ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 415659445 ImageFile Hypoxanthin Hypoxanthine.svg ImageSize IUPACName 1 H purin 6 9 H one OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 768 UNII Ref fdacite correct FDA UNII 2TN51YD919 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C00262 InChI 1 C5H4N4O c10 5 3 4 7 1 6 3 8 2 9 5 h1 2H, H2,6,7,8,9,10 InChIKey FDGQSTZJBFJUBT UHFFFAOYAJ ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 1427 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C5H4N4O c10 5 3 4 7 1 6 3 8 2 9 5 h1 2H, H2,6,7,8,9,10 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey FDGQSTZJBFJUBT UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 68 94 0 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS PubChem 790 SMILES c1 nH c2c n1 nH cnc2 O MeSHName Hypoxanthine Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 5 sub H sub 4 sub N sub 4 sub O MolarMass 136.112 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Hypoxanthine is a naturally occurring purine derivative. It is occasionally found as a constituent of nucleic acid s where it is present in the anticodon of tRNA in the form of its nucleoside inosine . It is also known as 6 Hydroxypurine. Hypoxanthine is a necessary additive in certain cell, bacteria, and parasite cultures as a substrate and nitrogen source. For example, it is commonly a required reagent in malaria parasite cultures, since Plasmodium falciparum requires a source of hypoxanthine for nucleic acid synthesis and energy metabolism. Reactions It is one of the products of the action of xanthine oxidase on xanthine . However, more frequently in purine degradation , hypoxanthine is formed from reduction of xanthine by xanthine oxidoreductase . Hypoxanthine guanine phosphoribosyltransferase converts hypoxanthine into Inosine monophosphate IMP in nucleotide salvage . Hypoxanthine is also a spontaneous deamination product of adenine . Because of its resemblance to guanine , the spontaneous deamination of adenine can lead to ... more details
Summary Metabolic pathway of azathioprine , showing three steps for conversion of 6 mercaptopurine 6 MP , the active metabolite of azathioprine after non enzymatic cleavage in the liver . 6 MP can be metabolized by xanthine oxidase to inactive 6 thiouracil, or by thiopurine methyltransferase TPMT to inactive 6 methylmercaptopurine 6 MMP . The active metabolite is achieved after 6 MP is metabolized by HPRT to thioiosinic acid TIMP , which is converted to active 6 thioguanine 6 TG User Samir The Scope Samir small User talk Samir The Scope small 09 50, 2 September 2006 UTC Licensing GFDL self with disclaimers migration relicense Category Chemical structures ... more details
chembox ImageFile Etamiphylline.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 7 2 diethylaminoethyl 1,3 dimethylpurine 2,6 dione OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 314 35 2 PubChem 28329 KEGG D07378 SMILES CCN CC CCN1C NC2 C1C O N C O N2C C Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 13 sub H sub 21 sub N sub 5 sub O sub 2 sub MolarMass 279.33814 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Etamiphylline or etamiphyllin is a xanthine . pharmacology stub Category Xanthines ... more details
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