expert subject Law date June 2009 Wirefraud , in the United States Code , is any criminally fraudulent activity that has been determined to have involved electronic Telecommunication communications of any kind, at any phase of the event. The involvement of electronic communications adds to the severity of the penalty, so that it is greater than the penalty for fraud that is otherwise identical except for the non involvement of electronic communications. As in the case of mail fraud , the federal statute is often used as a basis for a separate, federal prosecution of what would otherwise have been a violation only of a state law. The crime of wirefraud is codified at usc 18 1343 , and reads as follows Whoever, having devised or intending to devise any scheme or artifice to defraud, or for obtaining money or property by means of false or fraudulent pretenses, representations, or promises, transmits or causes to be transmitted by means of wire, radio, or television communication in interstate or foreign commerce, any writings, signs, signals, pictures, or sounds for the purpose of executing such scheme or artifice, shall be fined under this title or imprisoned not more than 20 years, or both. If the violation affects a financial institution, such person shall be fined not more than 1,000,000 or imprisoned not more than 30 years, or both. In the case of United States v. LaMacchia 1994 http www.eff.org legal cases LaMacchia lamacchia acquittal.decision text of opinion , a student of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology was charged with wirefraud when, because he had not profitted personally from online distribution of millions of dollars worth of illegally copied software ... tendency of influencing. To commit wirefraud, one must 1 devise, or intend to devise, a scheme or artifice ... to defraud, and 3 do it through the use of interstate wire facilities i.e. telecommunications ... fee fraud Internet fraud Phone fraud References reflist Fraud Category Fraud Category United States ... more details
fraud. The industries most commonly affected are banking, manufacturing, and government. ref name acfe cite journal title Report to the Nations on Occupational Fraud and Abuse year 2010 url http www.acfe.com rttn 2010 highlights.asp page 4 publisher Association of Certified Fraud Examiners ref Types of fraudulent acts Fraud can be committed through many media, including mail fraud mail , wirefraudwire , phone fraud phone , and the Internet computer crime and Internet fraud . The international ...Criminal law Tort law According to the Collins English Dictionary 10th Edition fraud can be defined as deceit ... unfair or dishonest advantage . ref fraud. Dictionary.com. Dictionary.com Unabridged. Random House, Inc. http dictionary.reference.com browse fraud accessed January 17, 2011 . ref In the broadest sense, a fraud is an intentional deception made for personal gain or to damage another individual the related adjective is fraudulent . The specific legal definition varies by legal jurisdiction. Fraud is a crime ... or valuables is a common purpose of fraud, but there have also been fraudulent discoveries , e.g. in scientific fraud science , to gain prestige rather than immediate monetary gain. A hoax also involves deception, but without the intention of gain or of damaging or depriving the victim. Cost of fraud The typical organization loses five percent of its annual revenue to fraud, with a median loss ... rapid growth of Internet fraud. Types of criminal fraud include bait and switch bankruptcy fraud benefit fraud , committing fraud to get government benefits counterfeit ing of currency, documents or valuable goods charlatanism confidence trick s such as the Advance fee fraud 419 fraud and Spanish ... of documents or signatures, Franchise fraud where the real profit is earned, not by the sale of the product, but by the sale of new franchise licenses. fraud upon the court health fraud , for example ... Insurance fraud investment fraud s, such as Ponzi scheme s and Pyramid scheme s Moving scam religious ... more details
Other uses Split Wire electrical conductor Wire metal rope date March 2011 Image Wires.jpg thumb Wires overhead A wire is a single, usually cylinder geometry cylindrical , flexible strand or rod of metal ... Wiktionary signal signals . Wire is commonly formed by drawing manufacturing drawing the metal ... by various wire gauge s. The term wire is also used more loosely to refer to a bundle of such strands, as in multistranded wire , which is more correctly termed a wire rope in mechanics, or a cable in electricity. Although usually circular in cross section, wire is also made in square or flattened ... toy, are made of special flattened wire. History Image IMG 4417.JPG thumb Wire wrapped jewelry ..., large amounts of wire that is accurately made and which must have been produced by some efficient, if not technically advanced, means. In some cases, strips cut from metal sheet were made into wire ... that follow a spiral path along the wire. Such twisted strips can be converted into solid round wires by rolling them between flat surfaces or the strip wire drawing method. The strip twist wire manufacturing method was superseded by wire drawing drawing in the ancient Old World sometime between about the 8th and 10th centuries AD. ref Jack Ogden, Classical Gold wire Some Aspects of its Manufacture ... tube was introduced which imitated a line of granules. True beaded wire, produced by mechanically distorting a round section wire, appeared in the Eastern Mediterranean and Italy in the seventh century BC, perhaps disseminated by the Phoenicians. Beaded wire continued to be used in jewellery into modern .... A forerunner to beaded wire may be the notched strips and wires which first occur from around 2000 BC in Anatolia . Wire was Wire drawing drawn in England from the medieval period. The wire was used ... The first wire mill in Great Britain was established at Tintern in about 1568 by the founders of the Company ... their second wire mill at nearby Whitebrook, ref D. G. Tucker, The seventeenth century wireworks at Whitebrook ... more details
for the TV show The Wire otheruses Wire disambiguation Infobox Radio station name the WIRE image File OUWirelogo1.png 340 px city Norman, Oklahoma area Norman, Oklahoma branding the WIRE student radio slogan airdate frequency 1710 KHz format Freeform radio format Freeform power haat class facility id coordinates callsign meaning former callsigns owner University of Oklahoma webcast website http wire.ou.edu affiliations the WIRE is the student run radio station at the University of Oklahoma , broadcasting in a freeform radio freeform format. The WIRE serves the University of Oklahoma and surrounding communities, and is staffed by student DJs. The WIRE broadcasts at 1710 KHz AM broadcasting AM in Norman, Oklahoma . Listeners can also access the station via online streams and on Second audio program SAP via OU s television station TV4OU . Programming Students DJs are enrolled in JMC 3011 in the Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communication . The class has no pre requisites. DJs are allotted a 2 hour shift each semester to host programming of their choice. DJs host a diverse number of radio show styles including talk, sports, pop, bluegrass, hip hop, electronica, and rock. When there is no live DJ, the station runs on automation software. As of Sept 2009, the station s library had 5,982 songs and adds about 120 songs per week. External links http wire.ou.edu the WIRE Official Site http www.facebook.com home.php? group.php?gid 2255802746&ref ts the WIRE s Facebook Group http www.ou.edu gaylord home.html University of Oklahoma s Gaylord College of Journalism and Mass Communications University of Oklahoma studentlife coord missing Oklahoma Category University of Oklahoma Category Unlicensed radio stations in the United States Category College radio stations in Oklahoma Oklahoma radio station stub ... more details
On The Wire is a radio programme broadcast on BBC Radio Lancashire . It is presented by Steve Barker. The show was first broadcast on 16 September 1984. In the 1980s the show was broadcast on Sunday afternoons 2 5pm. On the Wire s first guests were Adrian Sherwood and Keith le Blanc. Sherwood and Dub Syndicate provide the show s theme music. The guests on the second week of the show were Depeche Mode . On the Wire was one of the first shows in the UK to play hip hop , house music and techno music . It gave the first radio plays in the UK for Derrick May musician Derrick May and Kevin Saunderson and the radio premier of 808 State s Pacific State and A Guy Called Gerald s Voodoo Ray . Andy Madhatter Holmes and Pete Haigh have provided since 1986 the once a month Funkology show. Michael Fenny Fenton has a weekly slot on the show where he plays music from the local music scene. At the beginning of the 1990s On the Wire was under threat from the BBC , but at the last minute the show was saved by the BBC board, with the show being described as a unique BBC product . Brian Planet Jackson and John Peel were key figures in saving the programme. When the programme was saved it moved to a new slot on Thursday evenings, and then to its current slot on Saturday evenings. Guests on the show have included Lee Perry , Mark E Smith , Half Man Half Biscuit , Kelly Joe Phelps, Alvin Youngblood Hart, Jeb Loy Nichols and Blood and Fire . Highlight shows include An Xmas party at the Ritz in Manchester including Sherwood with Gary Clail , 808 State , A Guy Called Gerald , Little Annie and Neneh Cherry putting on The Fall free at Clitheroe Castle and the three hour dub special shows. Since 2003, Steve Barker contributes from Beijing with the invaluable help of Christiaan Virant , American exile ... Martin, Jethro known on the net as Culf and current engineer, Jim Ingham. The forerunner to On the Wire ... Lancashire http otwradio.blogspot.com On The Wire website Category British music radio programmes ... more details
Other uses Infobox television show name The Wire image File The Wire.jpg 250px caption Second season ... List of The Wire episodes website http www.hbo.com the wire The Wire is an American television ... HBO in the United States. The Wire premiered on June 2, 2002 and ended on March 9, 2008, comprising sixty List of The Wire episodes episodes over five seasons. Each season of The Wire focuses on a different ... never seeing a large commercial success or winning major television awards, The Wire has been ... tv the wire season 4 title Wire, The Season 4 accessdate 2008 03 07 publisher Metacritic ref ref cite web url http www.metacritic.com tv the wire season 5 title Wire, The Season 5 accessdate 2008 03 07 publisher Metacritic ref ref cite news url http www.telegraph.co.uk news uknews 5095500 The Wire arguably the greatest television programme ever made.html title The Wire arguably the greatest television ... title The Wire is unmissable television date 2007 07 21 accessdate 2009 09 07 publisher guardian.co.uk .... Production Conception File DavidSimon2007 crop.jpg left 150px thumb David Simon , creator of The Wire ... s pessimism. Simon wanted to avoid a repeat of these conflicts. He chose to take The Wire to HBO because ... last Alvarez first Rafael year 2004 title The Wire Truth Be Told publisher Pocket Books location New ... url http www.slantmagazine.com dvd review the wire the complete first season 477 ref The looks of the cast ... on screen. ref name NPR cite web author Bill Wyman title The Wire The Complete Second Season publisher ... 0607120099 1 simon wire entire season title Local figures, riveting drama put The Wire in a class ... officer who inspired Jay Landsman The Wire the character of the same name , ref cite web year 2006 title ... thewire cast crew season 2.shtml title The Wire season 2 crew accessdate 2007 10 14 publisher HBO year 2007 ref and has a recurring role as prosecutor Law enforcement characters of The Wire Gary DiPasquale ... prominent roles in Oz , while a number of other notable stars of The Wire , including Wood Harris ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name On A Wire Type Album Artist The Get Up Kids Cover TheGetUpKids OnAWire AlbumCover.jpg Released Start date 2002 5 14 Recorded Nov 2001 Feb 2002 br Tarquin Studios, Bridgeport , Connecticut br Z Gwonth Studios, Lawrence, Kansas Lawrence , Kansas Genre Emo br Indie rock ref Allmusic class album id r587038 pure url yes ref ref http www.ew.com ew article 0,,249666,00.html ref ref http www.metacritic.com music artists getupkids onawire?q the 20get 20up 20kids ref Length 43 28 Label Vagrant Records Vagrant Producer Scott Litt Reviews Allmusic Rating 3 5 Allmusic class album id r587038 pure url yes link Rolling Stone Rating 3 5 http www.rollingstone.com artists thegetupkids albums album 149028 review 5943014 on a wire link Pitchfork Media 3.3 10 http www.pitchforkmedia.com article record review 18072 the get up kids on a wire link Entertainment ... Star Pulse Music Rating 3 5 Last album Eudora album Eudora br 2001 This album On a Wire br 2002 Next album Guilt Show br 2004 Misc Singles Name On a Wire Type studio single 1 Overdue single 1 date single 2 Stay Gone single 2 date On a Wire is a 2002 album released by The Get Up Kids on Vagrant Records ... AP Magazine , lead singer Matt Pryor considered that the dramatic change in style for On a Wire ... between Something to Write Home About and On a Wire had on their fan base in an interview with New York Press I feel like the way that we rolled out On A Wire was kind of abrasive and confrontational ... 04 ref Track listing tracklist all writing The Get Up Kids headline On a Wire title1 Overdue length1 ... Know length7 3 21 title8 Walking on a Wire length8 5 17 title9 Wish You Were Here length9 3 32 title10 ... class wikitable Year Album Chart Position 2002 On a Wire The Billboard 200 57 ref http www.billboard.com ...&cid 06 2F01 2F2002 ref 2002 On a Wire Independent Albums 3 ref http www.billboard.com bbcom esearch ... albums Category Albums produced by Scott Litt Category Vagrant Records albums es On A Wire ... more details
Infobox Single See Wikipedia WikiProject Songs Name Wire to Wire Cover Cover size Border Caption Artist Razorlight Album Slipway Fires A side B side Released 27 October 2008 Format Recorded Genre Alternative rock Length Label Writer Producer Audio sample? Certification Last single Hold On Razorlight song Hold On br 2007 This single Wire to Wire br 2008 Next single Hostage Of Love br 2009 Misc Wire to Wire is a song by England Anglo Sweden Swedish rock music rock band Razorlight , written by singer Johnny Borrell , from their third album Slipway Fires . It was officially released as the album s first single on 27 October 2008. ref name nme cite web url http www.nme.com news razorlight 39550 title Razorlight announce new album details exclusive work NME date 2008 09 08 accessdate 2008 10 12 ref It was released for downloads digitally, however, on 26 September. ref name nme The song marked the band s fourth UK Top 5 single and their fifth to chart in the UK Top 10. It peaked at 5 in the UK Singles Chart , and 3 in Germany and Austria. The song has also peaked 8 in Swiss, 13 in Belgium Flanders 23 in Ireland and 71 in the Dutch singles charts. However, it underperformed in comparison to some of their previous singles and Slipway Fires is now their first album to fail to produce a top three single. It spent only 7 weeks in the UK Top 100, less than each of the first three singles from the preceding album Razorlight album Razorlight . The song is a piano led track, described as slow ... title Razorlight Wire To Wire publisher MSN Music date 2008 09 10 accessdate 2008 10 12 Dead ... title Razorlight Wire To Wire music video credits date 2009 03 16 accessdate 2009 03 19 ref The track ... Wire To Wire 3 01 Killing Casanova small Band Version small 3 44 Moscow Hotel 3 25 Charts and certifications ... type single award Platinum title Wire to Wire artist Razorlight relyear 2008 autocat yes Certification ... Category Razorlight songs pl Wire to Wire ... more details
Telemarketing fraud is fraudulent selling conducted over the phone. It most often targets the poor and elderly. Common types include Advance fee fraud typically claiming that the victim will receive a lottery prize, government grant or loan , etc Pyramid scheme s and other misrepresented investments or business opportunities Overpayment fraud where the victim is overpaid for a classified advertising or online auction purchase, with a counterfeit check or money order, and asked to wire back some of the excess Charity fraud Preacquired account telemarketing fraud and cramming Bank assisted telemarketing fraud and cramming Misrepresented office supply office supplies most commonly toner or directory listing services Creation of false Third party verification recordings attributed to customers of other telephone carriers, used for telephone slamming References cite web author Competition Bureau of Canada and Royal Canadian Mounted Police year 2006 title PhoneBusters Recognize It url http phonebusters.com english recognizeit.html cite web author United States Department of Justice year 1998 title What Kinds Of Telemarketing Schemes Are Out There? url http www.usdoj.gov criminal fraud telemarketing schemes.htm fraud Scams and confidence tricks Category Fraud marketing stub crime stub ... more details
refimprove date March 2010 Mail fraud is an offense under United States federal law , which includes any scheme that attempts to unlawfully obtain money or valuables in which the postal system is used at any point in the commission of a criminal offense. Mail fraud is covered by Title 18 of the United States Code , Chapter 63. As in the case of wirefraud , this statute is often used as a basis for a separate federal prosecution of what would otherwise have been only a violation of a state law. Mail fraud is a term of art referring to a specific statutory crime in the United States of America. In countries with nonfederal legal systems the concept of mail fraud is irrelevant the activities are likely to be crimes there, but the fact that they are carried out by mail makes no difference as to which authority may prosecute or as to the penalties which may be imposed. In the 1960s and 70s, inspectors under regional chief postal inspectors such as Martin McGee, known as Mr. Mail Fraud, exposed and prosecuted numerous swindles involving land sales, phony advertising practices, insurance ripoffs and fraudulent charitable organizations using mail fraud charges. ref http www.highbeam.com doc 1P2 4528100.html ref References reflist External links http www.ftc.gov US Federal Trade Commission http postalinspectors.uspis.gov US Postal Inspection Service Fraud Category Fraud Category Postal system Category United States criminal law Category Inchoate offenses ... more details
had the lender or borrower known the truth. In federal courts, mortgage fraud is prosecuted as wirefraud , bank fraud , mail fraud and money laundering , with penalties of up to thirty years imprisonment . See http www.usdoj.gov usao gan press 2006 04 19 06b.pdf As the incidence of mortgage fraud ...Globalize date December 2010 Refimprove date April 2008 Mortgage fraud is a term used to describe a broad ... pdfs mba mortgage fraud report 11th.pdf Eleventh Periodic Mortgage Fraud Case Report ... fraud. See http www.legis.state.ga.us legis 2005 06 pdf sb100.pdf. Mortgage fraud is not to be confused ... of the lender. However, predatory lending practices often co exist with mortgage fraud. Examples of mortgage fraud Occupancy fraud This occurs where the borrower wishes to obtain a mortgage to acquire ... properties. When occupancy fraud occurs, it is likely that taxes on gains are not paid, resulting in additional fraud. It is considered fraud because the borrower has materially misprepresented the risk to the lender to obtain more favorable loan terms. Income fraud This occurs when a borrower ... to tighten underwriting standards and stated income loans are less available, income fraud is increasingly .... It is considered fraud because in most cases the borrower would not have qualified for the loan ... not afford, and then defaulted. Employment fraud This occurs when a borrower claims self employment ... used to determine eligibility for most mortgage loans. It is considered fraud because it allows ... loan than what would have been granted had the borrower s true debt been disclosed. Fraud ... motivated attempt to defraud the lender of large sums of money. Fraud for profit schemes .... Appraisal fraud Occurs when a home s appraised value is deliberately overstated or understated ... fraud scheme. Appraisal fraud also includes cases where the home s value is deliberately understated ..., including the seller or the real estate agent. This scheme requires appraisal fraud to deceive the lender ... more details
by phone company employees Empty section date May 2008 See also Caller ID spoofing Credit card fraud Pulse dialing Tapping Dial tapping Internet fraud Mail fraud Mobile phone spam Vishing Wirefraud External ... to defraud either of them, fraud has been a part of the telephone system almost from the beginning. A carrier s bottom line is significantly impacted by billing fraud. Types of frauds Fraud against users Frauds against users by phone companies Cramming fraud Cramming is the addition of charges to a subscriber ... from competing service providers. Main article Telephone slamming . Fraud against customers by third ... for a number of dishonest purposes, including telemarketing fraud or even as War dialing . War dialers .... Telemarketing fraud takes a number of forms much like mail fraud , solicitations for the sale ... of preventing this type of fraud involves purchasing a http www.cprcallblocker.com CPR Call Blocker ... phone scams. Fraud with selling phones They often have adverts on internet sites such as hukes ... lightly. Fraud against phone companies Fraud by phone companies against one another Interconnect fraud involves the falsification of records by telephone carriers in order to deliberately miscalculate ... fraud in which one carrier tampers with CID caller ID or ANI data to falsify the number from which a call originated before handing the call off to a competitor. Refiling and interconnect fraud .... Fraud against the phone company by users Subscription fraud for example, signing up with a bogus ... these control tones are still used and this kind of fraud is still continuing to happen. A more high ... article http www.billingworld.com archive detail.cfm?archiveId 7575 Telecom Fraud on the Rise Lasar ... view 12 Three key steps to stop unwanted callers is a stepped approach to stopping phone fraud ... long distance fraud Bell Canada Fraud Control Centre Fraud DEFAULTSORT Phone Fraud Category Fraud ... more details
and is now gone. Wirefraud main WirefraudWire transfer networks such as the international Society ... Mail fraud Mortgage fraudWirefraud Baninter case Certified Bank Forensic Accounting External links ... May 2009 verylong May 2009 limitedgeographicscope May 2009 Bank fraud is the use of fraudulent means ... In many instances, bank fraud is a criminal offense. While the specific elements of a particular banking fraud law vary between jurisdictions, the term bank fraud applies to actions that employ a scheme or artifice, as opposed to bank robbery or theft. For this reason, bank fraud is sometimes considered ..., is a pseudonym for Mark Logan Pedley, a former Sacramento man twice convicted of fraud for his ... Vinedresser was convicted of mail and interstate fraud in 1983 and.. for selling land he didn t own ... bank fraud. ref name RTR THE RUSE THAT ROARED, Washington Post, November 5, 1995, Richard Leiby ..., her so called banks are involved in serious fraud, and we are watching them close . ref name CNRR ... bank fraud schemes as one of the most diabolical international scams ever devised in recent years ... Trust related to Gamboa s companies and the largest investment fraud sweep by the Federal government ... array of investment fraud schemes , in a joint press release by United States Attorney General Eric ... Division Case CV 09 2611 ref ref name SECSZM SEC Sues ZNext Mining and its Principal for Fraud ... first nationwide operation of its kind to target a broad array of investment fraud schemes , Press ... that some investors lose their entire lives savings. While the victims of fraud are financially ruined ... District of Florida, Miami Division, Case 1 10 cv 23604 CMA ref Mechanics of bank fraud against banks ... can be returned as invalid or for non sufficient funds. Accounting fraud In order to hide serious ... Bank is based in New York. Accounting scandals Accounting fraud has also been used to conceal other theft taking place within a company. Demand draft fraud Demand draft fraud is usually done ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Transcript fraud is the alteration of a transcript issued by a legitimate school or university or the forgery of completely fake transcripts. Transcript fraud is a growing problem for both educational institutions and employers. This is related to diploma fraud, which is the forgery of school or university diplomas. External links http www.aare.edu.au 91pap riled91203.txt Fraud and Australian Academics http www.smh.com.au articles 2008 04 24 1208743154239.html Internet degree factories pump out diplomas Category Fraud crime stub edu stub ... more details
Unreferenced date September 2008 Intrinsic fraud is an intentionally false representation that goes to the heart of what a given lawsuit is about, in other words, whether fraud was used to procure the transaction. If the transaction was fraudulent, it probably does not have the legal status of a contract. Intrinsic fraud is distinguished from extrinsic fraud a k a collateral fraud which is a deceptive means of keeping a person from discovering and or enforcing legal rights. It is possible to have either intrinsic or extrinsic frauds, or both. During a trial law trial , perjury , forgery , and bribery of a witness constitute fraud s that might have been relieved by the court . Such actions will usually lead to a mistrial being declared and after any penalties for the involved parties a new trial will take place on the same matter. Two types of intrinsic fraud in contract law are fraud in the inducement and fraud in the factum . Fraud in the factum is a law legal defense, and occurs where A signs a contract, but either does not realize that it is a contract or does not understand the nature of the contract, because of some false information that B gave to A. For example, if John tells his mother that he is taking a college course on handwriting analysis, and for his homework, he needs her to read and sign a pretend deed. If Mom signs the deed believing what he told her, and John tries to enforce the deed, Mom can plead fraud in the factum. Fraud in the inducement is an equity law equitable defense, and occurs when A signs a contract, knowing that it is a contract and at least having a rough idea what the contract is about, but the reason A signed the contract was because of some false information that B gave to A. For example, if John tells his mother to sign a deed giving ... the deed prior to Mom s death, Mom can plead fraud in the inducement. See also Extrinsic fraudFraud Per minas Scienter Category Contract law Category Fraud law term stub ... more details
Control fraud occurs when a trusted person in a high responsible position in a company , corporation or State polity state uses their powers to subvert the company and to engage in extensive fraud for personal gain. The concept of control fraud is based on the observation that the CEO of a company is uniquely placed to remove the checks and balances on fraud within a company by selective hiring, and hence can position it to engage in routine accountancy fraud, and hence rob creditors and shareholders. The company will frequently publish accounts showing massive profits, whereas in reality it is insolvent. This will cause the stock to rise, and those exercising the control fraud will cash in their stocks. ref http books.google.co.uk books?id SI3F8wEuT24C&lpg PA4&ots UjO33n9Tof&dq Control 20fraud 20theory&pg PA2 v onepage&q Control 20fraud 20theory&f false The best way to rob a bank is to own one by William K. Black ref Additionally, companies can lobby for changes in the law to weaken regulation, and this can extend the fraud. Control fraud can also occur in a political situation, for example by the leader of a country who can use their position to embezzle the government s and the peoples money by turning it into a kleptocracy . Examples of control fraud include Enron , the Savings and loan crisis , and Ponzi scheme s such as by Bernard Madoff . Control fraud, a term coined by William K. Black , is used to refer to the fraud or the person perpetrating the fraud. References reflist External links http www.schneier.com blog archives 2010 11 control fraud.html Schneier on Security Control fraud http www.networkideas.org feathm may2006 william k black.pdf When Fragile becomes Friable Endemic Control Fraud as a Cause of Economic Stagnation and Collapse William K. Black http www.pbs.org moyers journal 04032009 profile.html Bill Moyer s journal William K. Black CSI Bailout http ... under Moral Hazard, Bo Sun business stub Category Fraud Category Criminology Category Corporate ... more details
Fraud deterrence has gained public recognition and spotlight since the 2002 inception of the Sarbanes ... financial misrepresentation Fraud in order to ensure more accurate financial reporting to increase investor confidence. This same concept is applied in the discussion of fraud deterrence. Until recently, fraud deterrence has not been specifically identified under one common definition. While it has ... American Institute of Certified Public Accountants AICPA Practice Aid Series, Fraud Detection ... Analysts Certified Fraud Deterrence Analyst CFD designation recently merged into the Certified Forensic Financial Analyst CFFA designation , an actual definition of the term fraud deterrence has been difficult to find. Definition Fraud deterrence is the proactive identification and removal of the causal and enabling factors of fraud. Fraud deterrence is based on the premise that fraud is not a random occurrence fraud occurs where the conditions are right for it to occur. Fraud deterrence attacks the root causes and enablers of fraud this analysis could reveal potential fraud opportunities ... or eliminate the causal factors of fraud is the single best defense against fraud. Fraud deterrence involves both short term procedural and long term cultural initiatives. Fraud deterrence is not earlier fraud detection, and this is often a confusing point. Fraud detection involves a review of historical ... of the conditions and procedures that affect fraud enablers, in essence, looking at what could ... of Fraud Deterrence . Analogy Deterrence is distinct from remediation and detection. An analogy can ... s that deter unhealthy weight gain is the key to understanding fraud deterrence in this analogy ... that may cause fraud. Fraud Triangle The causal factors that should be removed to deter fraud as described above are best described in the Fraud Triangle. This idea was first coined by Donald R. Cressey . The Fraud Triangle describes three factors that are present in every situation of fraud Motive ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Employment fraud , or occupational Fraud , is the scam ming of people seeking or performing employment , giving them the false hope of earning wage s of which they are often desperately in need. There are numerous methods that perpetrators of such schemes use to lure victims. These include promises such as easy hire, easy work, high wages for unskilled labor, flexible hours, a small number of hours paired with a lot of free time, or other attractive offers. Types of Employment Fraud The frauds which are committed by virtue of the occupation. Occupational frauds is a big issue and according to the estimates of Indiaforensic, India loses approximately 40 Billion to frauds every year. One type of employment fraud happens when a contractor is hired for a duration, verbally promised additional compensation, and then has the compensation and the evidence denied for the purposes of terminating the contract with the contractor. Another type of employment fraud is when a criminal creates a form of false advertising which lures unsuspecting victims into a situation where, out of desperation or lack of knowledge, they are tricked into committing a crime or become a victim of a crime such as identity theft , embezzlement or similar types of fraud . See also Work at home scheme Fraud DEFAULTSORT Employment Fraud Category Fraud Category Crimes Category Deception Business stub Crime stub ... more details
Refimprove date January 2008 Example farm date August 2010 Internet fraud refers to the use of Internet ..., or to transmit the proceeds of fraud to financial institutions or to others connected with the scheme. Internet fraud can occur in chat rooms, email, message boards or on websites. Purchase frauds Purchase fraud occurs when a criminal approaches a merchant and proposes a business transaction ... for Online Fraud Forgers of U.S. Postal Money Orders Grow author Tom Zeller Jr publisher New ... and quality of the forging of U.S. postal money orders, and its use to commit online fraud. Small ... fine. Citation needed date August 2010 Online automotive fraud A fraudster posts a nonexistent .... The scam artist then instructs the victim to send a deposit via wire transfer to initiate the shipping .... In another type of fraud, a fraudster contacts someone who has posted a vehicle for sale online ... the check and wire the difference back to the student so that they can travel to the destination ... the asking price. The scammer requests that the victim cash the check and refund the balance via wire ... 50,000 to 200,000 worth of goods agreeing to an advance payment via bank wire transfer . After ordering, the fraudster claims that paying via wire transfer is impractical, and instead sends a counterfeit ... variation of online auction fraud occurs when a seller ships an item to an incorrect address that is within .... PayPal Fraud In a collection in person PayPal scheme , the scammer targets eBay auctions that allow ... than a tracking number as valid proof of delivery. Citation needed date August 2010 This form of fraud ..., and the shipping company has no knowledge it is participating in a fraud scheme. The cardholder ... transfer fraud Money transfer fraud consists of an offer of employment transferring money to a foreign ... for products in money orders, cheque or bank wire transfers and to resend the money to us via Money ... will cash the fake money instruments and send money to the scammers before the fraud is discovered ... more details
Identity fraud may occur when someone steals personal information, opens credit card accounts in the victim s name without permission, and charges merchandise to those accounts. Conversely, identity fraud does not occur when a credit card is simply stolen. Stealing one s credit card may be consumer fraud, but is not identity fraud. Identity fraud is a synonym of unlawful identity change. It indicates ... tool for merchandise procurement. Identity fraud can occur without identity theft , as in the case ... it to commit fraud, or when the person whose identity is being used is colluding with the person committing the fraud. ref http www.business.mcmaster.ca IDTDefinition defining idfraudTCF.htm Identity Fraud, definition , by Susan Sproule and Norm Archer ref ref Citation last United Kingdom first Cabinet Office year 2002 publication date July 2002 title User Identity Fraud A Study url http www.ips.gov.uk identity downloads id fraud report.pdf ref Stolen identification Identity Fraud is the act ... . Importantly a large proportion of identity fraud is linked to people trafficking, money laundering ... Fraud Authority NFA and UK Fraud Prevention Services CIFAS citation needed date February 2011 highlights the financial impact of identity fraud but takes no account of the distress caused to the tens ... growth in identity fraud New policicies to offer a basic bank account for everyone will increase ... even further. The propensity for fraud during times of financial hardship has always been ... fraud within organisations during a recession period s adds considerable concern for the sector ... Clearance visas in order to gain employment. In the UK, Identity fraud rose by 32 citation needed ... and increasing. The future climate in the UK is excellent for increased identity fraud and illegal .... Minimising the impact of identity fraud is a very complex business and some organisations find ... to bank fraud units or credit card fraud departments to clean up after the crime rather than identity ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Globalize date December 2010 Visa Fraud has different criteria in various parts of the world, but the commonly accepted points are the sale, provision, or transfer of otherwise legitimate Visa document visas , misrepresentation of reasons for traveling and forgery or alteration of a visa. The United States reports that most cases of visa fraud are related to immigrants lying about their situation to seek refuge in the country, though smuggling and terrorism are also both key factors in the crime. In the United States, visa fraud can be prosecuted under several statutes, including Title 18 18 USC 1546 Fraud and Misuse of Visas, Permits, and Other Documents 18 USC 1001 False Statements or Entries Generally 18 USC 1028 Fraud in Connection with Identification Documents It is a Federal crime Federal Offence subject to harsh sentencing, though mitigating factor s are often taken into account in the case of potential immigrants. The maximum penalties faced by fraudsters are recounted below. 10 years for a first offense not tied to terrorism or drug trafficking 15 years for fraud with other criminal links 20 years for fraud related to drug trafficking 25 years for fraud related to international terrorism See also FBI Federal crime Fraud Human trafficking Illegal immigration Immigration and Customs Enforcement ICE Interpol People smuggling United States Border Patrol United States Customs and Border Protection CBP White collar crime Fraud DEFAULTSORT Visa Fraud Category Fraud Category Human migration ... more details
For medical benefit fraud in the United States Medicare fraud globalize date December 2010 Benefit fraud is a form of welfare fraud as found within the system of government benefits paid to individuals by the UK welfare state . Benefit fraud in the UK What is benefit fraud? The DWP define benefit fraud ... to around 900 million in 2008 09. ref name Reporting benefit fraud. http www.direct.gov.uk en ... that benefit fraud carried a criminal sanction. The most recent campaign makes claims about the likelihood of getting caught and the consequences of committing benefit fraud using And they thought they d never be caught as the leading slogan. Examples of alleged benefit fraud In recent years the term benefit fraud has been used by the DWP to encompass a wider range of behaviours, beyond ... Adam Taylor claimed that the targeting of benefit fraud was disproportionate and was evidence ... was small compared to the amount lost to tax fraud which he estimated costing the UK economy 150bn ... commentisfree 2007 jan 10 comment.society ref How is benefit fraud assessed? When investigating cases, Fraud Officers will collect facts and a decision will be made on whether or not to take further ... thief including banks, building societies, utility providers. If evidence is found that benefit fraud ... of homes and possessions Benefit fraud abroad Some UK benefits can not be claimed when people ... of benefit fraud overpayments to British claimants who did not tell the authorities they were living or travelling abroad. Penalties When someone is caught for benefit fraud there are three key sanctions ... the Theft Act 1978 , or the Fraud Act 2006 in Northern Ireland under corresponding legislation or in Scotland under Common Law Fraud. A Prosecution is brought when the value of the overpaid benefit is so great, or the period of the fraud is lengthy, or the person may have been in a position of trust, or the fraud was very blatant. Any prosecution brought by the Department for Work and Pensions ... more details
Odometer fraud , also referred to as busting miles or clocking UK and Ireland is the illegal practice of rolling back Odometer odometers to make it appear that Used car vehicles have lower mileage than they actually do. Odometer fraud occurs when the seller of a vehicle falsely represents the actual mileage of a vehicle to the buyer. http www.nhtsa.dot.gov portal site nhtsa template.MAXIMIZE menuitem.893c19c9fb974f825c420087dba046a0 ?javax.portlet.tpst 4670b93a0b088a006bc1d6b760008a0c ws MX&javax.portlet.prp 4670b93a0b088a006bc1d6b760008a0c viewID detail view&javax.portlet.begCacheTok com.vignette.cachetoken ...&overrideViewName Article According to the Office of Odometer Fraud Investigation at the United ... portal site nhtsa menuitem.893c19c9fb974f825c420087dba046a0 , odometer fraud is a serious crime and important consumer fraud issue. In the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration s NHTSA 2002 odometer fraud study, the NHTSA determined that 450,000 vehicles were sold each year with false odometer ... March 2011 ref . Common examples of odometer fraud include situations where someone tampers with the odometer ... mileage very rapidly are generally thought fact date August 2007 to be more prone to odometer fraud ... odometer fraud. Due to Federal Odometer Act federal laws , states require vehicle purchasers ... of Motor Vehicles . Other options to detect odometer fraud include contacting the vehicle s former ... work publisher Office Of Odometer Fraud Investigation, National Highway ... title Office Of Odometer Fraud Investigation, Introduction url http www.nhtsa.dot.gov portal site ... first last authorlink coauthors title 2002 NHTSA Study The Incidence Rate of Odometer Fraud url http www.nhtsa.dot.gov cars rules regrev evaluate 809441.html work publisher Office Of Odometer Fraud Investigation ... previously wrecked vehicle and odometer fraud Consumer Guide to Avoiding Odometer Fraudfraud Category Consumer fraud Category Car crime ... more details
Drug fraud is a type of fraud in which drugs, legal or illegal, are Cutting agent cut or altered in such a way that diminishes their value below that which they are sold for. Illegal drug fraud main Lacing drugs This type of drug fraud occurs then the seller drugs seller cuts or commingles the pure drug with a similar substance such as baby powder or powdered milk . When this is sold to the drug user user , the user receives less of a Substance intoxication high and so must buy more to get the previous high. There may also be adverse health consequences as a result of the cutting substance, such as a bad trip or Drug overdose overdose . This can also be seen in prescription drug s. ref Hileman, Bette. http pubs.acs.org cen coverstory 8145 8145drugs.html COUNTERFEIT DRUGS Sophisticated Technologies and Old Fashioned Fraud Pose Risks to the Prescription Drug Supply in the U.S. Chemical & Engineering News Printed 10 Nov. 2003. Accessed 15 Feb. 2008. ref Legal drug fraud Legal drug fraud occurs when a physician prescribes medication for a patient under false pretenses. This may be because the Pharmaceutical industry manufacturers of the drug have Bribery Medicine paid the doctor a fee to dispense their drug. Another cause may be drug pricing fraud , in which a physician prescribes a patient ..., Dana. http www.timesdaily.com article 20080210 NEWS 727340312 1011 Medicaid Drug Fraud Trial a Who ... drug samples lands doctor in prison Dr. Kumaralingam Nagalingam sentenced for Medicare fraud and selling ... doctor charged in drug fraud index.html Former Doctor Charged in Drug Fraud ref Legal status Illegal drug fraud is rarely addressed in court, as victims rarely involve police, but legal drug fraud ... Tighten rules against drug fraud KentuckyVotes.org Bot generated title ref References Reflist See also Quackery Double billing Punching drugs Counterfeit medications DEFAULTSORT Drug Fraud Category Fraud Category Drug culture Category Consumer fraud ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2007 See also Pious fraud A term used for Civil law common law civil ref Civil Law Using Secular Law to Assure Observance of Practices with Religious K Greenawalt South California Law Review, 1997 ref ref On Balance Religious Liberty and Third Party Harms JC Lipson Minnesota Law Review, 1999 ref or Criminal law criminal fraud carried out in the name of a religion ref Privilege, Posture and Protection Religion in the Law Weiss, Jonathan. Yale Law Journal. 593 1963 1964 ref ref Profit without honor White collar crime and the looting of America SM Rosoff, HN Pontell, RH Tillman ref or within a religion, e.g. false claims to being Kosher ref Kosher Fraud Statutes and the Establishment Clause Are They Kosher MA Berman Colum. JL & Soc. Probs., 1992 ref ref University of Dayton Law Review 1997 1998 . Can Kosher Fraud Statutes Pass the Lemon Test The Constitutionality of Current and Proposed Statutes Lindsay, Karen Ruth Lavy ref or tax fraud . ref The effect of religiosity on tax fraud acceptability A cross national analysis. S Stack, A Kposowa, 2006 ref References references Category Religion reli stub law stub ... more details
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