lowercase tt wc tt short for w ord c ount is a command in Unix like operating systems. The program reads either standard input or a list of files and generates one or more of the following statistics number of bytes, word count number of words , and number of lines specifically, the number of newline characters . If a list of files is provided, both individual file and total statistics follow. Sample execution of tt wc tt wc foo bar 40 149 947 foo 2294 16638 97724 bar 2334 16787 98671 total The first column is the count of newlines, meaning that the text file tt foo tt has 40 newlines while tt bar tt has 2294 newlines resulting in a total of 2334 newlines. The second column indicates the number of words in each text file showing that there are 149 words in tt foo tt and 16638 words in tt bar tt giving a total of 16787 words. The last column indicates the number of characters in each text ... behaviour is selected with the tt c tt or tt m tt switch. GNU tt wc tt used to be part of the GNU textutils package it is now part of GNU coreutils . Usage tt wc l filename tt print the line count tt wc c filename tt print the byte count tt wc m filename tt print the character count tt wc L filename tt print the length of longest line tt wc w filename tt print the word count See also List of Unix programs External links man 1 wc from linux.die.net http man.cat v.org unix 1st 1 wcwc 1 Original Unix First Edition manual page for wc . http www.linuxmanpages.com man1 wc.1.php wc The program s manpage http www.linfo.org wc.html The tt wc tt Command by The Linux Information Project LINFO Unix commands unix stub Category Unix text processing utilities Category Unix SUS2008 utilities cs WcUnix el WcUnix es WcUnix fr WcUnix it WcUnix hu Wc ja WcUNIX pl WcUnix pt WcUnix ro WcUnix ru Wc fi WcUnix uk Wc zh WcUnix ... characters all in all. Newer versions of tt wc tt can differentiate between byte and character computing ... more details
Wiktionary WCwc NOTOC WC commonly refers to a water closet . WC may also refer to Computing wcUnix , a Unix utility used for counting words and lines in a file Wing Commander franchise , a video game media franchise Write combining , a computing performance method of combining multiple memory writes before sending them Industry Wisconsin Central Ltd. , a railroad subsidiary of the Canadian National Railway Workers compensation , a form of insurance for employees to cover medical costs Working capital , a financial metric Isle a Airlines IATA code , an airline based in La Ceiba, Honduras Entertainment W.C. film W.C. film , an Irish feature film set WC band , a Polish punk rock band WC rapper , a rapper from Los Angeles, California Places Western Cape , a provinces in South Africa WC postcode area , a group of postcode districts in central London, England Other uses Allis Chalmers Model WC , a row crop tractor Tungsten carbide , a high boiling point metallic alloy Week Commencing, e.g. looks as if next week is off & we need to schedule for WC 19 September , referring to the week starting with 19 of September. World cup competition World Cup , Almost any World Cup Waist Circumference, a measurement of abdominal obesity , a risk factor for cardiovascular disease . Weil Ch telet group in mathematics disambiguation Category Initialisms cs WC de WC es WC fa WC fr WC ko WC it WC sw WC hu WC egy rtelm s t lap ja WC no WC pl WC pt WC sk WC fi WC t smennyssivu sv WC olika betydelser vi WC zh WC ... more details
Other uses AT disambiguation lowercase In Unix like computer operating system s, the code at code command is used to schedule command computing command s to be executed once, at a particular system time time in the future. More precisely, it reads a series of commands from standard input and collects them into one at job which is carried out at a later date. The at job inherits the current environment, so that it is executed in the same working directory and with the same environment variable s set as when it was scheduled. It differs from code cron code which is used for recurring executions e.g. once an hour, every Tuesday, January 1 every year . As with code cron code , many Unix systems allow the administrator to restrict access to the code at code command. code at code can be made to mail a user when done carrying out a scheduled job of theirs, can use more than one job queue, and can read a list of jobs to carry out from a file instead of standard input. A sample command to compile a C programming language C program at 11 45 a. m. on January 31st and e mail the results Standard streams STDOUT and STDERR to your user ID would be source lang bash echo cc o foo foo.c at 1145 at 1145 jan 31 at cc o foo foo.c at D press Control D while at the beginning of a line atq 1234 2011 08 12 11 45 cc o foo foo.c user atrm 1234 atq source In some Unix like computer operating system s it uses a Daemon computer software daemon , code atd code , which waits in the background periodically checking .... Launchd Apple Computer s replacement for at. List of Unix programs External links man cu at SUS execute commands at a later time man 1 at queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution unix commands unix stub Category Standard Unix programs At Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ca At Unix cs At Unix de At Unix el At Unix es At Unix fr At Unix it At Unix hu At Unix ja At UNIX pl At Unix pt At Unix ro At Unix ru At uk At ... more details
notability date September 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject Telecommunications date November 2008 infobox software name As latest release version latest release date platform website as is a generic name for an assembly language Assembler assembler on Unix . The GNU Project s assembler is named GNU assembler Gas . Category Assemblers Category Unix programming tools Unix stub ru As ... more details
Infobox OS name Unix logo screenshot Image Unix history simple.svg 250px caption Evolution of Unix and Unix ... model Historically Closed source software closed source , now some Unix projects Berkeley Software ... Command line interface & Graphical user interface Graphical X Window System family Unix released 1969 ... language English license Proprietary software Proprietary working state Active Unix officially trademarked as UNIX , sometimes also written as span style font variant small caps Unix span is a Computer ... . The Unix operating system was first developed in assembly language , but by 1973 had been almost ... portability porting to other hardware. Today s Unix system evolution is split into various branches ... consortium, owns the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and certified according to the Single UNIX Specification are qualified to use the trademark others might be called Unix system like or Unix like , although the Open Group disapproves ref http www.unix.org questions answers faq.html 7a What is a Unix like operating system? Unix.org FAQ ref of this term. However, the term Unix .... During the late 1970s and early 1980s, the influence of Unix in academic circles led to large scale adoption of Unix particularly of the Berkeley Software Distribution BSD variant, originating ... Operating System Solaris , HP UX and AIX operating system AIX . Among all variants of Unix, Mac ... devices such as routers. Today, in addition to certified Unix systems such as those already mentioned, Unix like operating systems such as MINIX , Linux , Android operating system Android , and BSD ... Unix may be used to describe a Unix or an operating system that has the characteristics of either Version 7 Unix or UNIX System V . Overview Unix operating systems are widely used in Server computing ... 2010 09 29 unixs revenge title Unix s Revenge publisher asymco date 2010 09 29 accessdate 2010 11 09 ref The Unix environment and the client server program model were essential elements in the development ... more details
Multiple issues refimprove December 2009 cleanup December 2009 W.C. is an independent Irish Film. The film has screened at numerous international film festivals worldwide, it won the best foreign film award at the 2009 Las Vegas film festival and best film at the Waterford film festival. The film was released in 2009. External links http www.wcthemovie.com Official Website imdb title 0462059 http www.indiewire.com article director liam o mochain from wc to vod Director Liam O Mochain From WC to VOD at indieWire http www.irishcentral.com ent movies Dublin toilet humor on show at US film festivals 70307582.html Dublin toilet humor on show at U.S. film festivals at IrishCentral http www.irishemigrant.com ie go.asp?p story&storyID 5461 WC on Camera at The Irish Emigrant DEFAULTSORT W.C. Film Category 2009 films Category Irish films Category Independent films Ireland film stub indie film stub ... more details
File Old Courthouse Denton TX.jpg right thumb Denton County Courthouse on the Square Wesley Clark Dodson 1829 1914 , most often known as W.C. Dodson , was an architect of Waco, Texas . He worked in partnership Dodson & Dudley , also. A number of his works are listed on the U.S. National Register of Historic Places . Works by Dodson or the partnership include with attribution Coryell County Courthouse , Public Sq. Gatesville, TX Dodson,W.C. , NRHP listed Denton County Courthouse on the Square , Public Sq., Denton, TX Dodson,W.C. , NRHP listed Fannin County Courthouse Texas First Presbyterian Church Palestine, Texas First Presbyterian Church , 406 Avenue A Palestine, TX Dodson & Dudley , NRHP listed Hill County Courthouse , Courthouse Sq. Hillsboro, TX Dodson,W.C. , NRHP listed Hill County Jail , N. Waco St. Hillsboro, TX Dodson,W.C. , NRHP listed One or more works in Hood County Courthouse Historic District , Courthouse Sq., bounded by Bridge, Pearl, and Houston Sts. Granbury, TX DODSON,W.C. , NRHP listed Lampasas County Courthouse , Bounded by S. Live Oak, E. 4th, S. Pecan, and E. 3rd Sts. Lampasas, TX Dodson,W.C. , NRHP listed Lampasas Downtown Historic District , Roughly bounded by Second St., Pecan St., Fourth St. and Chestnut St. Lampasas, TX Dodson, W.C. , NRHP listed McClennan County Courthouse , Public Sq. Waco, TX Dodson,W.C. , NRHP listed Parker County Courthouse , Courthouse Sq. Weatherford, TX Dodson,W.C. , NRHP listed References reflist DEFAULTSORT Dodson, W.C. Category American architects Category NRHP architects US architect stub ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name WC image WC rapper .jpg caption image size background solo singer birth name William L. Calhoun, Jr. Born birth date and age 1970 8 9 br Texas death date origin South Central, Los Angeles, California , U.S instrument genre Hip hop music Hip hop years active 1989 present label Lench Mob Records Lench Mob associated acts Low Profile , WC and the Maad Circle , Westside Connection , Ice Cube , Mack 10 , Chilly Chill , Game rapper Game , Allfrumtha I , Snoop Dogg , Nate Dogg , N.W.A , Dr. Dre , Eazy E , MC Ren , Crazy Toones , 2Pac website ... known by his stage name WC pronounced Dub C , is an United States American Rapping rapper . He was born in Texas , ref cite web url http www.hiphopgalaxy.com WC rapper hip hop 5328.html title WC biography ... age. He originally was a rapper in the group Low Profile , and later formed his group WC and the Maad ... and Terrorist Threats in 2003. Career A longtime staple of the gangsta rap scene, WC began his ... on 2011 11 08. ref Main WC discography class wikitable style background ccc text align center style ... Priority Records Priority style background ccc text align center style text align center With WC and the Maad ... 1999 film Thicker than Water 2001 Air Rage 2001 Stranded 2003 WC Bandana Swangin All That Glitters Ain t Gold 2008 Belly 2 Millionaire Boyz Club References reflist External links Commons category WC MySpace wcWCWC rapper Westside Connection Def Jam Recordings Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Wc ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH August 9, 1970 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Wc Category 1970 births Category Military brats Category African ... Priority Records artists Category Rappers from Texas US hiphop bio stub cs WC rapper da WC rapper de WC Rapper et WC r ppar es WC rapero fr WC rappeur hr WC reper it WC rapper nl WC rapper pl WC raper pt WC rapper fi WC rap artisti sv WC rappare tr WC rap i ... more details
W.C. Madden is a retired journalist, teacher and author who has written multiple books about baseball, including two about the AAGPBL . He has also written about the Western League defunct minor league Western League and the College World Series . While much of his work is based on baseball, he has also written about the history of Indianapolis , Indiana . ref http www.baseball reference.com bullpen W.C. Madden Baseball Reference ref Partial list of books authored and co authored All American Girls Professional Baseball League Record Book Baseball s 1st Year Player Draft, Team by Team Through 1999 Baseball in Indianapolis Baseball Stories for the Soul Crown Hill Cemetery Haynes Apperson and America s First Practical Automobile A History Indianapolis Indianapolis In Vintage Postcards Monticello P.S. Remembering Bush Stadium The College World Series The College World Series A Baseball History, 1947 2003 The Dutiful Dozen The Hoosiers of Summer The Indy 500 1956 1965 The Western League A Baseball History, 1885 through 1999 The Women of the All American Girls Professional Baseball League ref http www.wcmadden.com About Us.html WC Madden, Author website ref References refs Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Madden, W.C. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Madden, W.C. Category American non fiction writers Category People from Indiana Category Living people ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians name WC image caption deletable image caption Tuesday, 16 March 2010 date July 2011 image size 200 background group or band alias origin Poland genre Punk rock years active 1981 present label Silver Ton br Z ota Ska a br Jimmy Jazz Records Jimmy Jazz associated acts website current members Skoda br Billy br Pawe br Jaromir br Lech past members notable instruments WC is a Poland Polish punk rock band playing since 1981 Members Current Skoda guitar Jaromir Singing vocals Pawe bass guitar Billy Drum kit drums Lech guitar Former Wies aw Obwie W jtowicz guitar Leszek Dzidziu Weiss guitar , Singing vocals Maciej Gulasz Kupiec Drum kit drums Discography Wyci gaj c R k Po... Dobry Ynteres 1994 Archiwum album Archiwum 1997, MC release Archiwum 2005 album Archiwum 2005, CD re release History WC debuted in 1981 on Rock Youth Meeting in Miastko . After the concert organised for the anniversary of the end of II World War in 1982 the band loses the place for rehalsals. After that WC had to practice in parks and forests. In 1982 band appeared on following events 3rd Polish Young Generation Contest, Punk Invasion 82, 2nd Music Camping. Two years later, during the rehearsal in MGOK Miastko material for their album Archiwum album Archiwum was recorded. In 1985 the band suspends operation. In 1991 pirate label released two unofficial albums Nasza Wojna and Agresja which contained material from 1984 rehearsal. Year 1993 brought reactivation of the band. The first concert took place one year later. At this time the band recorded material for Wyci gaj c R k Po... Dobry Ynteres . Until release of the Archiwum album Archiwum in 1997 band played many successful concerts. In 2005 the album is re released on CD and the band starts the new tour. References http www.wuce.pl news.php Band s official site URL accessed at 23 August 2006 Category Polish punk rock groups pl WC grupa muzyczna ... more details
This is the discography of WC rapper WC . Solo albums The Shadiest One Released March 17, 1998 Label Pay Day Chart position 19 U.S. U.S. sales 52,000 ref Reiss, Randy May 6, 1998 . http www.vh1.com news articles 151856 19980506 story.jhtml Chart Watch Dave Matthews Proves to Be Titanic s Iceberg . VH1. Accessed September 19, 2007. ref Singles Cheddar , Just Clownin , Better Dayz Ghetto Heisman Released November 12, 2002 Label Def Jam Recordings Def Jam Chart position 46 U.S. U.S. sales 100,000 ref Nima August 2006 . http www.dubcnn.com interviews wc06 WC Interview . Dubcnn. Accessed September 19, 2007. ref Singles The Streets Guilty by Affiliation Released August 14, 2007 Label Lench Mob Records Lench Mob Chart position 49 U.S. U.S. sales 14,100 ref Petipas, Jolene August 23, 2007 . http sohh.com articles article.php 12382 UGK Leads the Pack, Fergie Continues to Climb, Plies Refuses to Leave the Top 10 . SOHH. Accessed September 19, 2007. ref Singles This Is Los Angeles Revenge of the Barracuda Released March 8, 2011 Label Lench Mob Records Lench Mob Big Swang E1 Entertainment Chart position Singles That s What I m Talking About , You Know Me Mixtapes West Side Heavy Hitter Released February 8, 2005 Collaboration albums Low Profile class wikitable rowspan 2 Year rowspan 2 Title colspan 3 Chart positions ref cite web url Allmusic class artist id p15091 pure url yes title Album chart positions publisher Allmusic accessdate 2008 04 01 ref small Top R&B Hip Hop Albums Top R&B Hip hop albums small 1989 We re in This Together album We re in This Together align center 66 WC and the Maad Circle class wikitable rowspan 2 Year rowspan 2 Title colspan 3 Chart positions ref cite web url Allmusic class artist id p135223 pure url yes title Albums chart positions publisher Allmusic accessdate 2008 04 01 ref small Billboard 200 small small Top R&B Hip Hop Albums Top R&B Hip hop albums ... center 16 align center 3 Gold References Reflist WC rapper DEFAULTSORT Wc Category Hip hop discographies ... more details
This article is a part of Wikipedia WikiProject Aircraft . Please see Wikipedia WikiProject Aircraft page content for recommended layout. Infobox Aircraft Begin name WC image caption Infobox Aircraft Type type Amphibious aircraft national origin United States of America manufacturer Towle Marine Aircraft Engineering Towle Marine Aircraft Engineering Company designer Thomas Towle engineer Thomas Towle first flight November 1928 introduced 1928 retired status primary user more users Limited to three in total separate using br produced years in production number built 2 program cost Total program cost unit cost Incremental or flyaway cost for military or retail price for commercial aircraft developed from variants with their own articles Towle TA 2 The Towle WC , aka Towle TA 1 , was a custom built aircraft for a 1929 round the world flight. Design and development Thomas Towle engineer Thomas Towle was a engineer who had been involved with many early aircraft designs. Having just co designed the Eastman E2 Sea Rover , Towle was commissioned by Henry McCarroll to promote Detroit s aviation production capabilities. ref cite book title Michigan Aircraft Manufacturers author Robert F. Pauley ref The WC was a flying boat with an aluminum hull. The strut braced parasol wing was Aircraft fabric covering fabric covered . ref cite book title American flying boats and amphibious aircraft an illustrated history author E. R. Johnson page 324 ref Ref cite journal magazine Flight date 21 Feb 1929 page 149 ref Operational history The prototype WC flew as far as Brazil before engine reliability issues forced the cancellation of the round the world flight attempt. ref cite book title Michigan Aircraft Manufacturers author Robert F. Pauley ref Variants Towle TA 2 Was built as a successor to the WC model Units using this aircraft Operators choose Specifications Towle WC Aircraft specs ref Flight for giving the reference for the data prime units? kts imp or kts first for US aircraft, and ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 In Unix and Unix like operating systems, a filter is a program that gets most of its data from its standard input the main input stream and writes its main results to its standard output the main output stream . Unix filters are often used as elements of pipeline Unix pipeline s. The pipe operator on a command line signifies that the main output of the command to the left is passed as main input to the command on the right. The classic filter would be grep , which at it simplest prints to its output any lines containing a character string. Here s an example cut d f 1 etc passwd grep foo This finds all registered users that have foo as part of their username by using the Cut Unix cut command to take the first field username of each line of the Unix system password file and passing them all as input to grep, which searches its input for lines containing the character string foo and prints them on its output. Here is a Perl equivalent to the above, which prints the whole line from the passwd file perl ne print if m foo etc passwd Or, to print only the username, without the rest of the line perl ane shift F print n if foo F etc passwd Common Unix filter programs are Cat Unix cat , cut Unix cut , grep , head Unix head , Sort Unix sort , uniq and tail Unix tail . Programs like awk and sed can be used to build quite complex filters because they are fully programmable. List of Unix filter programs awk programming language awk cat Unix cat comm Unix comm cut Unix cut Expand Unix expand compress Fold Unix fold grep head Unix head Nl Unix nl perl Pr Unix pr sed UNIX shell sh Sort Unix sort Split Unix split Strings Unix strings tail Unix tail Tac Unix tac Tee Unix tee tr program tr uniq WcUnixwc See also Filter software Unix commands Category Unix da Filter program it Filtro Unix ja pt Filtro Unix ... more details
lowercase nl nl is a Unix utility for numbering lines, either from a file or from standard input, reproducing output on standard output. It has a number of switches a number all lines t number lines with printable text only n no line numbering string number only those lines containing the regular expression defined in the string supplied. The default applied switch is t . nl also supports a number of command line options. Example nl tf 1 echo press cr 2 read cr 3 done The following example numbers only the lines that begin with a capital letter A matching on the regular expression A . filename is optional. nl b p A filename apple 1 Apple BANANA 2 Allspice strawberry It can be useful as an alternative to tt grep grep n tt cat somefile aaa bbb ccc ddd nl somefile grep ccc 3 ccc See also wcUnixwc the word count command cat Unix cat concatenate command n flag is equivalent to nl a List of Unix programs External links http www.linuxmanpages.com man1 nl.1.php The program s manpage Category Unix SUS2008 utilities el Nl Unix fr Nl Unix ru Nl ... more details
lowercase Image Pg Unix screenshot.png thumbnail Example output of the tt pg tt command in xterm . pg is a terminal pager program on Unix and Unix like systems for viewing text file s. It can also be used to page through the output of a command via a pipe Unix pipe . pg uses an interface similar to vi , but commands are different. ref http www.computerhope.com unix upg.htm Linux Unix pg command ref more command more , and less Unix less are more commonly used paging programs. See also less Unix less more command more References reflist Unix commands unix stub Category Terminal pagers ... more details
lowercase Unreferenced date March 2007 The tt install tt command is a standard Unix program used to copy Computer file files and set file permissions . Category Standard Unix programs Unix stub ... more details
saved book title Unix subtitle cover image Poundexclam.svg cover color Black Unix Introduction UnixUnix wars Historically significant corporations AT&T Bell Labs Hewlett Packard IBM Novell SCO Group Sun Microsystems Unix standards and organizations The Open Group X Open POSIX Single UNIX Specification Unix operating systems Berkeley Software Distribution 1977 Berkeley Software Distribution Version 7 Unix 1979 Version 7 Unix SunOS 1982 SunOS UNIX System V 1983 UNIX System V HP UX 1984 HP UX IBM AIX 1986 AIX IRIX 1988 IRIX SCO OpenServer 1989 SCO OpenServer Solaris operating system 1992 Solaris Tru64 UNIX 1992 Tru64 UNIX UnixWare 1992 UnixWare Mac OS X 2001 Mac OS X Unix like operating environments Unix like Cygwin FreeBSD GNU Interix Linux NetBSD NeXTSTEP OpenBSD OpenSolaris Plan 9 from Bell Labs Legal battles and controversies SCO Linux controversies SCO v. IBM SCO v. Novell SCO and SGI Red Hat v. SCO USL v. BSDi Category Wikipedia books on computing ... more details
lowercase title clear Unix Image Clear gnulinux.gif thumb Clear being used on GNU Linux under uxterm code clear do not subst template code tag breaks popups is a standard Unix computer operating system command which is used to clear the screen. Depending on the system, tt clear tt uses the terminfo or termcap database, as well as looking into the environment for the terminal type in order to deduce how to clear the screen. The Unix command tt clear tt takes no arguments and is roughly analogous to the MS DOS command tt Cls computing cls tt . See also List of Unix programs External links http invisible island.net ncurses man clear.1.html The manual tt man tt page for tt clear tt unix commands Unix stub Category Unix software el Clear Unix fa Clear fr Clear Unix hu Clear Unix ... more details
Ancient UNIX is a term coined by Santa Cruz Operation , Citation needed date October 2009 to describe early releases of the Unix code base released prior to Unix System III , particularly the Research Unix releases prior to and including Version 7 the base for UNIX 32V as well as later developments of AT&T Unix . After the publication of the Lions Commentary on UNIX 6th Edition, with Source Code Lions book , work was undertaken to release the earlier versions of the codebase. SCO first released the code under a limited educational license. Citation needed date October 2009 Later, in January 2002, Caldera International now SCO Group relicensed but has not made available several versions under the four clause BSD license , namely ref cite web url http www.lemis.com grog UNIX title UNIX is free ... February 19, 2009 title Dear Unix enthusiasts, last Broderick first Bill date January 23, 2002 publisher Caldera ref UNIX 32V Research Unix early versions only Version 1 Unix Version 2 Unix Version 3 Unix Version 4 Unix Version 5 Unix Version 6 Unix Version 7 Unix So far there has been no widespread use of the code, but it can be used on emulator systems, and Version 5 Unix has been made to run ... www.kernelthread.com publications gbaunix title UNIX on the Game Boy Advance last Singh first Amit date August 2004 accessdate 2009 10 22 ref As an example of how relicensing the old Unix code bases has affected the modern computing community, the BSD vi text editor was based on code from the ed UNIX ... vi has been adapted for modern Unix like operating systems. ref cite web url http ex vi.sourceforge.net title The Traditional Vi ref References reflist External links http www.tuhs.org The Unix Heritage Society , TUHS a website dedicated to the preservation and maintenance of historical UNIX ... unix 1st Unix First Edition Manual Pages Unix like DEFAULTSORT Ancient Unix Systems Category Bell Labs Unices Category Discontinued operating systems Unix stub ja Ancient UNIX ... more details
Image Unix history simple.svg thumb Diagram of the relationships between the major Unix like systems A Unix like sometimes referred to as UN X or nix operating system is one that behaves in a manner similar to a Unix system, while not necessarily conforming to or being certified to any version of the Single UNIX Specification . There is no Technical standard standard for defining the term, and some difference of opinion is possible as to the degree to which a given OS is Unix like . The term can include free and open source software free and open source operating systems inspired by Bell Labs Unix ... on the software license licensed UNIX source code which may be sufficiently Unix like to pass certification and bear the UNIX trademark . Definition The Open Group owns the UNIX trademark and administers the Single UNIX Specification, with the UNIX name being used as a certification mark . They do not approve of the construction Unix like , and consider it a misuse of their trademark. Their guidelines require UNIX to be presented in uppercase or otherwise distinguished from the surrounding ... The Open Group. ref Other parties frequently treat Unix as a genericized trademark . Some add ... S. Raymond coauthors Guy L. Steele Jr. work The Jargon File ref or nix , since Unix like systems often have Unix like names such as AIX operating system AIX , HP UX , IRIX , Linux , Minix , Ultrix ... to refer to any UNIX descendant or work alike system, even those with completely dissimilar names ... of UNIX as a trademark, but lost his case, and lost again on appeal. Also in 2007, the Open ... Nummer 3, 17 April 2007 ref History Ref improve section date April 2010 Unix like systems ... to academic users of UNIX. When AT&T later allowed commercial licensing of UNIX in the 1980s, a variety ... POSIX and the Single UNIX Specification . Meanwhile, the GNU Project was launched in 1983 with the goal .... Various Unix like operating systems developed alongside GNU, frequently sharing substantial ... more details
Bell Unix Columbus UNIX or CB UNIX was, according to Marc Rochkind , ref cite book last Rochkind first Marc title Advanced UNIX Programming publisher Prentice Hall year 1985 pages 156 157 isbn 0 13 011800 1 ref a variant of the UNIX operating system internal to Bell Labs . It was developed at the Columbus, Ohio Columbus , Ohio branch and was little known outside the company. CB UNIX was developed to address deficiencies inherent in Research Unix , notably the lack of interprocess communication and file locking , considered essential for a database management system . Several Bell System operation support system products were based on CB UNIX such as Switching Control Center System . The primary innovations were power fail restart, line disciplines, terminal types, and IPC features similar to System V s messages and shared memory . ref cite newsgroup title UNIX history author Dale Dejager date 1984 01 16 newsgroup net.unix url http groups.google.com group net.unix msg b80689d4b3bff13f?dmode source ref Image CB Unix Manuals.jpg thumb left 200px Volume 1 and Volume 2 of the UNIX Programmers Manual CB Version References reflist Unix like Unix stub DEFAULTSORT Cb Unix Category Bell Labs Unices Category Discontinued operating systems ... more details
lowercase fg is a job control Unix job control command in Unix and Unix like operating systems that resumes execution of a suspended Process computing process by bringing it to the foreground and thus redirecting its standard input and standard output output streams to the user s computer terminal terminal . ref name man http www.computerhope.com unix ufg.htm fg man page ref fg is required to be included in an operating system in order for it to be POSIX compliant. ref name POSIX commands http manuals.fujitsu siemens.com servers bs2 man man us posix v6 0 posix k.pdf POSIX BS2000 OSD Commands User Guide ref See also bg Unix bg , the complementary command that sends a process to the background SIGCONT References Reflist External links man cu fg SUS run jobs in the foreground Unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Unix stub ca Fg Unix el Fg Unix fr Fg Unix pl Fg Unix ... more details
Multiple issues unreferenced February 2007 orphan February 2009 Infobox OS name Unix NS screenshot caption developer NCR Corporation NCR family Unix source model Closed source kernel type Monolithic kernel license Proprietary software Proprietary Unix NS the NCR Corporation NCR 3700 Operating System is based on the Unix SVR4 . It contains significant extensions for massively parallel systems, in particular Distributed Memory DBMSs. The extensions include the concepts of virtual processor and virtual disk, message and global synchronization system, segment system, and globally distributed objects. When compared to other parallel UNIX operating systems like Mach or ChorusOS Chorus , Unix NS has a more powerful communication and message addressing paradigm, and richer process group management and global synchronization mechanism. Unix like DEFAULTSORT Unix Ns Category System V de Unix NS ... more details
The Unix System ISBN 0 201 13791 7 is a book by Stephen R. Bourne it was the first widely available general introduction to the Unix operating system . It included some historical material on Unix, as well as material on using the system, editing, the software tools concept, C programming using the Unix API , data management with the shell and awk , and typesetting with troff . DEFAULTSORT Unix System Category Computer books compu book stub ... more details
lowercase bg is a job control Unix job control command in Unix and Unix like operating systems that resumes execution of a suspended Process computing process without bringing it to the foreground ref name bg man page http pwet.fr man linux commandes posix bg bg man page ref the resumed process continues to execute in the background without receiving user input from the Computer terminal terminal . bg is required to be included in an operating system in order for it to be POSIX compliant. ref name POSIX commands http manuals.fujitsu siemens.com servers bs2 man man us posix v6 0 posix k.pdf POSIX BS2000 OSD Commands User Guide ref See also fg Unix fg , the complementary command that brings a process to the foreground References Reflist Unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities unix stub ca Bg Unix el Bg Unix fr Bg Unix zh Bg Unix ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
