- Vitrified fort
Vitrified fort is the name given to certain crude stone enclosures whose walls have been subjected in a greater or less degree to the Glass transition action of fire ref cite web url http www.brigantesnation.com VitrifiedForts VitrifieedForts.htm title Vitrification of Hill Forts accessdate 2008 01 24 language English ref . They are generally situated on hills offering strong defensive positions. Their form seems to have been determined by the contour of the flat summits which they enclose. The walls vary in size, a few being upwards of 12 feet high, and are so broad that they present the appearance of embankments. Weak parts of the defence are strengthened by double or triple walls, and occasionally vast lines of ramparts, composed of large blocks of unhewn and unvitrified stones, envelop the vitrified centre at some distance from it. No Lime mineral lime or cement has been found in any of these structures, all of them presenting the peculiarity of being more or less consolidated by the fusion of the rocks of which they are built. This fusion, which has been caused by the application of intense heat, is not equally complete in the various forts, or even in the walls of the same fort. In some cases the stones are only partially melted and calcined in others their adjoining edges are fused so that they are firmly cemented together in many instances pieces of rock are enveloped in a glassy enamel like coating which binds them into a uniform whole and at times, though rarely, the entire length of the wall presents one solid mass of vitreous substance. It is not clear why or how the walls were subjected to vitrification. Some antiquarians have argued that it was done to strengthen ... enough for vitrification to take place. ref http archaeology.about.com od vterms g vitrified forts.htm ... of the vitrified wall at Sainte Suzanne Mayenne Image Mur vitrifi 2.JPG 320px thumb right Fragment of vitrified wall at Sainte Suzanne Mayenne Craig Phadraig, or Phadrick, near Inverness gbmappingsmall ... more details
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- Vitrified tile
Vitrified Tile is a tile is created by the Vitrification Vitrification process . It is processed in ways that it has very low porosity and water absorption making it stain resistant and strong. ref http www.hindu.com pp 2007 12 15 stories 2007121550330300.htm ref Vitrified tile is an alternative to marble and granite flooring. Vitrified Tiles have far superior properties compared to marble or natural granite because being a manufactured product their quality is controlled whereas in naturally occurring marble and granite good quality is just a coincidence. Vitrified tiles possess much better mechanical strength, scratch resistance, resistance to acids, alkalis and chemicals, resistance to staining etc compared to marble or natural granite. Marble has a relatively lower abrasion resistance compared to vitrified tiles. It is calcium carbonate which is strongly attached by Hydrochloric acid which is commonly used in toilet & floor cleaning. It yellows over extended time duration whereas vitrified tiles retain their colour for decades. Polished natural granite shows several surface defects and a good quality is just a matter of chance whereas vitrified tiles are guaranteed for consistent good quality. Marble laying is very cumbersome and time consuming whereas vitrified tiles may be laid in a matter of hours and put to use after 48 hours. References reflist ceramics stub Category Building materials Category Art materials ... more details
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- Vitrified sand
Unreferenced date September 2009 Vitrified sand is sand that has been heated to a high enough temperature as to partly melt the silicon dioxide or quartz that is the main ingredient of common sand. When sand is used to make glass , soda ash or potash are added to lower the melting point. Pure quartz melts at 1650 C. There are several natural processes that produce more or less melted sand and one man made form colbegin 3 fulgurite is sand fused by a lightning bolt hitting sand. tektite is sand fused by the compressive heat of a metor strike including moldavite a gem quality stone mined in some locations. frit is partially fused sand plus other chemicals in the process of glaze and glass making. trinitite vitrified sand forms below nuclear blasts close to a sand surface. Trinity nuclear test Emu Field colend Volcanic glass in many forms is not fused sand because it is formed from molten material. Category Glass in nature ... more details
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- Vitrified clay pipe
Vitrified Clay Pipe VCP is pipe made from clay that has been subjected to Glass transition vitrification , a process which fuses the clay particles to a very hard, inert, glass like state. VCP is commonly used in sanitary sewer sewer gravity collection mains because of its reasonable price and resistance to almost all domestic and industrial sewage , particularly the sulfuric acid that is generated by hydrogen sulfide , a common component of sewage. Only hydrofluoric acid and highly concentrated Corrosive substance caustic wastes are known to attack VCP. Such wastes would not be permitted to be discharged into a municipal sewage collection system without adequate pretreatment. ref cite web url http cfpub.epa.gov npdes home.cfm?program id 3 title Pretreatment Program publisher Office of Wastewater Management, United States Environmental Protection Agency Environmental Protection Agency ref Notes references External links http www.ncpi.org National Clay Pipe Institute a not for profit trade association of the manufacturers of vitrified clay pipe. Category Sewerage civil engineering stub ... more details
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- Fort Mott
Fort Mott may refer to Fort Mott New Jersey Fort Mott Vermont See also Fort Motte disambig ... more details
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- Fort Cumberland
Fort Cumberland can refer to Fort Cumberland England Fort Cumberland Canada also known as Fort Beaus jour Fort Cumberland Maryland disambig ... more details
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- Fort Jakob
Fort Jakob , Jakob Fort , or Fort Jakobus may refer to Fort Jakob Tobago , a Courland colony Fort Jakob Gambia , a Courland colony disambig ... more details
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- Fort Smith
Fort Smith is the name of several locations Fort Smith, Northwest Territories , Canada Fort Smith, Arkansas , United States Fort Smith National Historic Site , in Fort Smith, Arkansas Fort Smith Louisiana , a former Confederate fort in what is now Bossier City, Louisiana disambig de Fort Smith es Fort Smith fr Fort Smith it Fort Smith nl Fort Smith pl Fort Smith pt Fort Smith vo Fort Smith ... more details
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- Fort Kent
Fort Kent may refer to Fort Kent, Maine , town in Maine, U.S.A. Fort Kent fort , fort in Maine, U.S.A. disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages sv Fort Kent ... more details
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- Fort Miami
Fort Miami was the name of several fort s in what is now the United States . Fort Miami Michigan Forts of Fort Wayne, Indiana Fort Miami Indiana Fort Miami Ohio disambig ... more details
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- Fort Massachusetts
Fort Massachusetts can refer to Fort Massachusetts Colorado the first permanent U.S. military post in the State of Colorado Fort Massachusetts Florida Fort Massachusetts Massachusetts Fort Massachusetts Mississippi Fort Stevens Washington, D.C. , which was originally called Fort Massachusetts disambig de Fort Massachusetts ... more details
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- Fort Atkinson
Fort Atkinson is the name of several locations in the United States Fort Atkinson, Iowa , a town named after General Atkinson Fort Atkinson State Preserve , 1840s U.S. Army post in Fort Atkinson, Iowa Fort Atkinson Nebraska , 1820s U.S. Army post Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin , a city Fort Koshkonong , a Black Hawk War fort in Wisconsin sometimes called Fort Atkinson geodis ca Fort Atkinson de Fort Atkinson it Fort Atkinson nl Fort Atkinson pl Fort Atkinson pt Fort Atkinson vo Fort Atkinson ... more details
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- Fort Nichols
Fort Nichols could refer to Fort Nichols Massachusetts , a former fort in the state Camp Nichols Fort Nichols Oklahoma , another name for Camp Nichols Disambig ... more details
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- Fort Lee
Fort Lee may refer to Fort Lee, New Jersey Battle of Fort Lee was fought on November 19, 1776 between American and British forces. Fort Lee Virginia SS Fort Lee SS Fort Lee , a World War II tanker ship named after both of the above towns disambig Category Place name disambiguation pages de Fort Lee it Fort Lee nl Fort Lee pl Fort Lee pt Fort Lee vo Fort Lee ... more details
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- Fort Blair
Fort Blair can refer to Fort Randolph West Virginia Battle of Fort Blair Kansas disambig ... more details
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- Fort Arbuckle
Fort Arbuckle may refer to Fort Arbuckle Florida Fort Arbuckle Oklahoma disambig ... more details
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- Fort Belknap
Fort Belknap may refer to Fort Belknap Agency, Montana Fort Belknap Texas Fort Belknap , a historic fort in Texas Disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
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- Fort Point
Fort Point may refer to Fort Point, Galveston , Texas, USA Fort Point, Boston , Massachusetts, USA Fort Point, Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada Fort Point, San Francisco , California, USA geodis ... more details
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- Tomlinson Fort
Tomlinson Fort may refer to Tomlinson Fort congressman 1787 1859 Tomlinson Fort mayor 1839 1910 Tomlinson Fort, Jr. chemical engineering academic hndis Fort, Tomlinson ... more details
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- Fort Zeelandia
Fort Zeelandia may refer to either of three forts, two built by the Netherlands Dutch and the other renamed by them Fort Zeelandia Taiwan Fort Zeelandia on Taiwan Formosa now Taiwan Fort Zeelandia Paramaribo Fort Zeelandia at Paramaribo originally built by the English and called Fort Willoughby Fort Zeelandia Guyana Fort Zeelandia in Guyana disambig de Fort Zeelandia nl Fort Zeelandia no Fort Zeelandia ... more details
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- Fort Howard
Fort Howard may refer to a location in the United States Fort Howard Maryland , a former fort in Baltimore County Fort Howard, Maryland , a community at the location of the fort Fort Howard Veterans Hospital , a former hospital Fort Howard Wisconsin , a 19th century fort at Green Bay Fort Howard Corporation, a defunct paper company headquartered in Green Bay Fort Howard Missouri , a U.S. fort during the War of 1812 near the Battle of the Sink Hole on May 24, 1815. dab ... more details
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- Fort Warren
Fort Warren may refer to Fort Warren Massachusetts Fort Warren in Boston, Massachusetts Fort Warren Texas Fort Warren in Warren, Texas Fort Warren Vermont Fort Warren in Castleton, Vermont F. E. Warren Air Force Base , near Cheyenne, Wyoming disambig ... more details
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- Fort Mitchell
Fort Mitchell may refer to a community in the United States Fort Mitchell, Alabama Fort Mitchell, Kentucky Fort Mitchell, Nebraska an Army fort in service from 1864 1867 near present day, Scottsbluff, Nebraska geodis Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages it Fort Mitchell vo Fort Mitchell ... more details
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- Fort Ward
Fort Ward can refer to several former military installations in the United States including Fort Ward Florida Fort Ward Virginia Fort Ward Washington Fort Ward can also refer to The town of Fort Ward, Bainbridge Island, Washington Fort Ward State Park geodis ... more details
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- Fort Dauphin
Fort Dauphin can refer to Canada Fort Dauphin Manitoba , in Manitoba Fort Dauphin Nova Scotia , in Nova Scotia Haiti Fort Libert in Haiti Madagascar T lanaro Fort Dauphin Madagascar disambig fr Fort Dauphin no Fort Dauphin ... more details
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