other uses A vernacular , mother tongue and mother language , and less frequently one sense of idiom ... thumb 300px The oldest known vernacular manuscript c. 1250 in Scanian Danish with the Scanian Law and the Scanian ... the Territories about Rome, had the Latin for its maternal and common first vernacular Tongue but Tuscany ... and Tusculan, are thought to be but Dialects to these. blockquote Here vernacular, mother language ... edition 6th page 363 ref According to Merriam Webster s, ref cite encyclopedia title vernacular encyclopedia Merriam Webster Online url http www.merriam webster.com dictionary VERNACULAR accessdate 8 November 2009 ref vernacular was brought into the English language as early as 1601 from Latin vernaculus ... first Felix last Gaffiot publisher Librairie Hachette location Paris year 1934 ref Concepts of the vernacular ... , champion of the use of vernacular Italian for literature rather than the lingua franca, Latin. Fresco ... linguistics , a vernacular is opposed to a lingua franca , a third party language in which persons ... s are said to be in the vernacular. The Divine Comedy Divina Commedia , the Cantar de mio Cid , and The Song of Roland are examples of early vernacular literature in Italian, Spanish, and French, respectively. In Europe, Latin was used widely instead of vernacular languages in varying forms ... of the vernacular in Christian Europe, the Bible being translated from Latin into vernacular ..., vernacular bibles were later provided, but Latin was used at Tridentine Mass until the Second ... to the vernacular. In science, an early user of the vernacular was Galileo , writing in Italian c. 1600 ... of science, notably binomial nomenclature in biology, while other fields such as mathematics use vernacular ... form and various vernacular forms, with two widely used examples being Arabic and Chinese see Varieties ... was replaced by written vernacular Chinese . details Vernacular literature A low variant in diglossia The vernacular is also often contrasted with a liturgical language , a specialized use of a former ... more details
TOCright Vernacular may refer to Language Vernacular , the indigenous or local form of a language African American Vernacular English Vernacular literature Written vernacular Chinese Vernacular Orientation Architecture Vernacular architecture Estonian vernacular architecture Indian vernacular architecture Scottish VernacularVernacular architecture in Norway Vernacular architecture of the Carpathians Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World Other Vernacular culture Vernacular dance Vernacular geography Vernacular photography disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2007 Scottish Vernacular architecture is a form of vernacular architecture often seen as being rooted in Georgian architecture Georgian and Victorian architecture Victorian architectural conventions see Edinburgh and Glasgow . However, the distinctive and unique Scotland Scottish features include corbelled Gables and Lime Render s Culross and Aberlady are excellent examples. Fact date January 2007 External links http www.svbwg.org.uk index2.html Scottish Vernacular Buildings Working Group Category Architectural styles Category Scottish architecture Category Vernacular architecture Scotland stub arch style stub ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2009 Image Family House 1969.jpg right 200px Vernacular photography or amateur photography refers to the creation of photographs by amateur or unknown photographers who take everyday life and common things as subjects. Though the more commonly known definition of the word vernacular is a quality of being indigenous or native, the use of the word in relation to art and architecture refers more to the meaning of the following subdefinition of vernacular architecture from The Oxford English Dictionary concerned with ordinary domestic and functional buildings rather than the essentially monumental. Examples of vernacular photographs include travel and vacation photos, family snapshots, photos of friends, class portraits, identification photographs, and photo booth images. Vernacular photographs are types of accidental art, in that they often are unintentionally artistic. Closely related to vernacular photography is found photography , which in one sense refers to the recovery of a lost, unclaimed, or discarded vernacular photograph or snapshot. Found photos are often found at flea markets, thrift and secondhand stores, yard sales, estate and tag sales, in dumpsters and trash cans, between the pages of books, or on streets and sidewalks. The use of vernacular photography in the arts is almost as old as photography itself. Vernacular photography has become far more commonplace in recent years as an art technique and is now a widely accepted genre of art photography. Vernacular photographs also have become popular with art collectors and with collectors of found photographs. See also Snapshot photography Snapshot aesthetic photography subject DEFAULTSORT Vernacular Photography Category Photography by genre Category Vernacular photography bg cs Amat rsk fotografie de Amateurfotografie ... more details
Orphan date September 2008 Vernacular orientation refers to the status that a language is afforded by one of its mother tongue speakers Tiessen, 2003 . This status is exhibited through the sociolinguistic behaviours of a mother tongue speaker. A speaker who exhibits positive vernacular orientation is one who exhibits a preferred status for their mother tongue in such things as patterns of language use, language attitudes, social network s and even levels of language proficiency . Likewise, a speaker who exhibits negative vernacular orientation is one who exhibits a preferred status for a language other than their mother tongue in these areas of sociolinguistic behaviour. An example of research into vernacular orientation as expressed in a community can be found at http www.und.nodak.edu dept linguistics theses 2003Tiessen.PDF . This is a study on vernacular orientation in the Talysh community of the city of Sumgayit in the Republic of Azerbaijan for the purpose of gaining a greater understanding of its causes. Vernacular orientation is described in three areas of sociolinguistic behaviour patterns of vernacular language use, vernacular language proficiency and frequency of vernacular speaking individuals in social networks. Data was collected through personal interviews. The questionnaires for these interviews were developed using a qualitative relational research approach. The description of vernacular orientation takes the form of a criteria based typology of which an analysis of influential factors is ultimately made. This analysis of influential factors demonstrates the interaction between vernacular orientation as described in the typology and the contextual elements of the family, socio economic dynamics and individual attitudes. Category Language Category Sociolinguistics ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Cleanup laundry date January 2008 Vernacular culture is a term used in the modern study of geography and cultural studies . It refers to culture cultural forms made and organised by ordinary, indigenous ref http www.answers.com topic vernacular ref people for their own pleasure, in modern societies. Such culture is almost always engaged in on a non profit and voluntary basis, and is almost never funded by the state The use of the term generally implies a cultural form that differs markedly from a deeply rooted folk culture , and also from tightly organised subculture s and religious cultures Examples the making and shaping of personal garden s, market garden allotments Vernacular photography amateur photography , family albums scrapbooking the making and showing of home movie s self organising Social circle creative circles , such as for knitting , sewing , quilting , storytelling , photography , dance , and painting amateur dramatics and youth dance groups local history and historical re enactment groups book reading and discussion Social circle circles local horticultural produce and pet shows inventors groups, and leagues of amateur robot builders amateur beauty pageants local foodways food network s and annual dinners informal investment club s, which meet regularly in a social setting to jointly decide which stocks and investment vehicles to invest their money in fete s, parades , seasonal and traditional celebrations children s street culture parent organised informal child sports and gym teams roadside shrines to traffic victims, and small self made shrines at grave sites some forms of weblog and internet culture One could also include the design of home made vernacular signage and Flyer pamphlet notices Some of these activities, such as gardens ... . References Reflist See also Vernacular dance Vernacular literature Vernacular architecture Spirit of place Grassroots DEFAULTSORT Vernacular Culture Category Arts and crafts Category Cultural ... more details
Vernacular architecture is a term used to categorize methods of construction which use locally available resources and traditions to address local needs and circumstances. Vernacular architecture tends ... . This is a vernacular architecture style developed in Hawaii in the epoch of sugar cane plantations. Image Nepal house.jpg thumb 265px Stone and clay houses in rural Nepal The building knowledge in vernacular ... does not prevent architects from using vernacular architecture in their designs or from being firmly based in the vernacular architecture of their regions. For the similarities to traditional architecture see below. Etymology The term wikt vernacularvernacular is derived from the Latin vernaculus ... index.php?term vernacular title Vernacular publisher online etymology dictionary accessdate 2007 12 24 ref ref cite web url http www.yourdictionary.com wotd wotd.pl?word vernacular publisher yourdictionary.com title Vernacular noun accessdate 2007 12 24 ref ref cite web url http www.tribuneindia.com ... publisher Tribune India accessdate 2007 12 24 ref In linguistics , vernacular refers to language use ... . It is most often applied to residential buildings. ref http dictionary.reference.com browse vernacular ... Cambridge advanced learner s dictionary definition ref ref http www.m w.com dictionary vernacular Merriam Webster definition ref Definitions Ronald Brunskill has defined the ultimate in vernacular architecture ... under the rubric of vernacular. In architectural terms, the vernacular can be contrasted .... Between the extremes of the wholly vernacular and the completely polite, examples occur which have some vernacular and some polite content, ref Brunskill, 2000, page 28 ref often making the differences between the vernacular and the polite a matter of degree. File TraditionalArchitectureTurzaLaRioja.jpg ... , Spain The Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World defines vernacular architecture ... traditional technologies. All forms of vernacular architecture are built to meet specific needs, accommodating ... more details
unreferenced date December 2006 Vernacular literature is literature written in the vernacular the speech of the common people . In the Europe an tradition, this effectively means literature not written in Latin . In this context, vernacular literature appeared during the Middle Ages at different periods in the various countries the earliest European vernacular literatures are Irish literature , Literature of Wales Welsh language Welsh literature , Anglo Saxon literature and Gothic language Gothic literature . The Italy Italian poet Dante Alighieri , in his De vulgari eloquentia , was possibly the first European writer to argue cogently for the promotion of literature in the vernacular. Citation needed date March 2010 Important early vernacular works include Dante s Divine Comedy , Giovanni Boccaccio s Decameron both in Italian language Italian , John Barbour poet John Barbour s The Brus in Scots language Scots , Geoffrey Chaucer s Canterbury Tales in English language Middle English and Jacob van Maerlant s Spieghel Historiael in Middle Dutch . Indeed Dante s work actually contributed towards the creation of the Italian language. The term is also applied to works not written in the standard and or prestige language of their time and place. For example, many authors in Scotland, such as James Kelman and Edwin Morgan poet Edwin Morgan have used Scots language Scots , even though English is now the prestige language of publishing in Scotland . Ngugi wa Thiongo writes in his native Gikuyu language though he previously wrote in English language English . Some authors have written in invented vernacular examples of such novels include the futuristic literary novels A Clockwork Orange ... had vernacular versions such as Ramacharitamanasa , a Hindi version of the Ramayana by the 16th century ... also produced using the Philippine languages Philippine vernacular languages . References references See also Medieval literature DEFAULTSORT Vernacular Literature Category Literature ... more details
Vernacular geography is the sense of place that is revealed in ordinary people s language. ref cite web url http www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk oswebsite partnerships research research vernacular.html title Research Vernacular Geography publisher www.ordnancesurvey.co.uk accessdate 2009 10 10 ref ref cite web url http www.geog.leeds.ac.uk presentations 03 1 03 1 files v3 document.html title Tools for the web based GIS mapping of fuzzy vernacular geography publisher GISRUK 2003, City University, London, 9 11 April 2003 accessdate 2009 12 01 ref Current research by the Ordnance Survey is attempting to understand the way people talk about their spatial environment and say where things are within it. It is understood that people commonly describe space in terms of area or place names and also landmarks, streets, open spaces, water bodies, landforms, fields, woods and many other topological features ... name for the same feature. When people refer to geographical regions in a vernacular form they are commonly .... Usage There is an increasing need to represent such imprecise, vernacular regions within the resources ... users of such systems are more likely to use vernacular geography. ref cite web url http www.wun.ac.uk ... information systems that use these conventional gazetteers because people often use vernacular .... ref cite web url http gis.cs.cardiff.ac.uk content vernacular geography 0 title Vernacular ... The aim of which is to study the use of vernacular geography and to investigate how information mined ... vernacular regions, trigger phrases are used by the researchers to capture regular linguistic patterns ... accessdate 2010 07 26 ref together with mapping tools to capture people s perception of Vernacular ... geogweb.leeds.ac.uk presentations 06 2 06 2.ppt Vernacular geography definition&cd 9&hl en&ct clnk&gl uk HTML version of Microsoft PowerPoint powerpoint presentation explaining vernacular geography Category Geography Category Geolocation Category Vernacular geography Category Branches of geography ... more details
The Vernacular Architecture Forum VAF is a scholarly organization founded in 1980 to support the study and preservation of all aspects of vernacular architecture vernacular architecture and landscapes . The organization has brought together scholars and practitioners from a wide variety of disciplines geography , folklore , architecture , landscape architecture , historic preservation and others. The Vernacular Architecture Forum publishes a quarterly newsletter, Vernacular Architecture Newsletter , holds an annual meeting, conducts tours, and publishes an annual journal, now named Buildings & Landscapes Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum . In 2007, VAF had more than 800 members. The annual journal of VAF was initiated in 1982 as a series of books titled Perspectives in Vernacular Architecture that contained selected papers from the VAF annual meetings. In 2007, the publication was retitled Buildings & Landscapes Journal of the Vernacular Architecture Forum reflecting its current formatting as a scholarly journal publishing a wide range of vernacular research. See also Vernacular Architecture External links http www.vernaculararchitectureforum.org Vernacular Architecture Forum VAF official website Category American architecture Category Architecture organizations Category American professional bodies Category Organizations established in 1980 US org stub ... more details
The Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World is a three volume encyclopedia detailing the vernacular architecture traditional architecture of the world, by cultural region. Published in 1997, it was edited by Paul Oliver of the Oxford Institute for Sustainable Development and Oxford Brookes University . The work was initially published by the Cambridge University Press in three volumes, totalling 2,500 pages. According to its website, The first of the three volumes focuses on the architectural theory theories , principles of architecture principles and architectural philosophy philosophy that underpin traditional architecture. Volumes 2 and 3 consider these principles within specific cultural and societal contexts. It is now published as an electronic version by Routledge http www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk The encyclopedia includes a glossary , lexicon and bibliography and most styles described are also illustrated. The companion volume Atlas of Vernacular Architecture of the World is published by Routledge. http www.routledge.com 9780415411516 http www.brookes.ac.uk schools be oisd act ivau index.html References Cambridge University Press , http www.cambridge.org uk catalogue catalogue.asp?isbn 9780521564229 Encyclopedia of Vernacular Architecture of the World Routledge , http www.routledgearchitecture.com Routledge Architecture Arena Category 1997 books Category Architecture books Category Specialized encyclopedias Vernacular architecture Category Vernacular architecture ... more details
vernacular based on Mandarin Chinese was used in novels in the Ming dynasty Ming and Qing dynasty ... 1920s, this modern vernacular form has been the standard style of writing for speakers of all .... By the time of the Tang Dynasty Tang and Song Dynasty Song dynasties, people began to write in their vernacular ... Ming and Qing Dynasty Qing dynasties, vernacular dialects began to be used in novels, but were not generally used in formal writing, which continued to use classical Chinese. Literature in vernacular Chinese See also Chinese grammar Jin Shengtan , who edited several novel s in vernacular Chinese in the 17th century, is widely regarded as the pioneer of literature in the vernacular style. However ... that vernacular Chinese, or Bai hua , gained widespread importance. In particular, The True Story of Ah Q by Lu Xun is generally accepted as the first modern work to fully utilize the vernacular language ... this view. Vernacular Chinese soon came to be viewed as mainstream by most people. Along with the growing popularity of vernacular writing in books in this period was the acceptance of punctuation ... all Chinese newspapers, books, and official and legal documents have been written in vernacular Chinese ... formal the register of vernacular Chinese, the greater the resemblance to classical Chinese. Since ... more details
Other uses Cowslip disambiguation Cowslip Cowslip may refer to Primula veris , a flowering plant also known as primrose Caltha palustris , a flowering plant also known as marsh marigold SIA DEFAULTSORT Cowslip Vernacular Name Category Plant common names ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 Vernacular architecture in Norway covers about 4,000 years of archeological, literary, and preserved structures. Within the history of Architecture of Norway Norwegian architecture , vernacular architecture vernacular traditions form a distinct and pervasive influence that persists to this day. Early origins Archeology Archeological evidence in Norway indicates that Nordic Bronze Age and Iron Age settlements were commonly large, communal, and multipurpose buildings. These buildings were not particularly durable they were supported by posts in the ground that rotted in the course of a few decades. Roofs were thatched or covered with birch bark and turf, and walls were built of turf, palisades or wattle and daub. Over time, the buildings became more elaborate, notably with internal pillars and increasingly sophisticated structural practices. Large farms took the form of small communities, with several buildings, including a hall of assembly. These houses eventually could be as much as 90 meters long and 7 meters wide. These had central open hearths with vents in the roof above. Stave, palisade, and log building Image Stabbur in Figjan Numedal Norway drawing.jpg thumb 300px Example of loft architecture in Numedal Image Tronderlaane in Oppdal Norway.jpg thumb 300 px Example of Tr nderl ne in Oppdal The method of wood stave construction evolved over several hundred years in Norway, reaching their apex with the stave church es in the 13th century in Norway and into the 14th century in Iceland. Stave construction lent itself well to building the earlier large, multipurpose houses. Rural and maritime communities Empty section date May 2008 The Formation of Towns Empty section date May 2008 Modern vernacular architecture Expand section date May 2008 DEFAULTSORT Vernacular Architecture In Norway Category Norwegian architecture Category Vernacular architecture Architecture stub ... more details
web articles article 06I10 01arts title What is Vernacular Architecture publisher accessdate 2007 03 31 ref Categories Indian vernacular architecture has evolved organically over time through the skillful ... palm is common for kachcha . Urban vernacular gallery Image Adambakkam Subramanya Temple.JPG ... vernacular gallery Image Roadside restaurant, Kullu, 2004.jpg Restaurant in Kullu Image VidyarthiBhavanEntrance.jpg ... at Ponmudi Image Kodaikanal.jpg Hill Station in Tamil Nadu gallery See also Vernacular ... 5 http www.ethnoarchitecture.com web articles article 06V29 01arts What is Vernacular Architecture ... 6091 Vernacular Architecture Category Vernacular architecture Category Indian architectural styles ... more details
Image Estonian Open Air Museum.001.JPG thumb right 200px An example of Estonian vernacular architecture The Estonian vernacular architecture consists of a number of traditional vernacular architecture vernacular architectural styles throughout Estonia , embodied in villages, farmyards and farm houses ref Juta Saron, J ri Irik, Vernacular Architecture at the Estonian Open Air Museum , Huma, 1997, ISBN 9985801784 ref . The oldest written sources describing Estonian villages date back to the 13th century when they were mentioned in the Liber Census Daniae and by the chronicler Henry of Livonia ref cite book title An introduction to the history of the Western tradition last Johnson first Edgar Nathaniel authorlink coauthors Orville J. Zabel year 1959 publisher Boston, Ginn location isbn pages 1959 url http books.google.com books?id EZ40AAAAIAAJ&q 22eyewitness chronicler Henry of Livonia. He describes the villages in Esthonia 22&dq 22eyewitness chronicler Henry of Livonia. He describes the villages in Esthonia 22&ei eFjVSOjXGo 2iwHC67WDBA&pgis 1 ref Villages and farmyards Village styles varied according to geographical regions each having its own characteristic features. In the flat plains of northern Estonia and Saaremaa are seen the oldest forms of village where farms are assembled in compact clusters, with denser clusters found to the north west. In hilly country of southern Estonia a more dispersed type of village was found. In the east, on the coast of Lake Peipus and the eastern part of Setumaa , the classical street type village was predominant, while row type villages can be found all over the country. Farm buildings Image Estonian Open Air Museum.004.JPG thumb left 200px An Estonian sauna The Estonian farmhouse has a unique architectural style that differs fundamentally from similar buildings in neighbouring countries. Its evolution is connected with the Estonian staple .... References reflist Category Estonian architecture Estonia stub DEFAULTSORT Estonian Vernacular Architecture ... more details
Orphan date May 2010 Unreferenced date May 2010 The Vernacular Press Act was passed in 1878 under the Governor Generalship and Viceroyalty of Lord Lytton , for better control of India n language newspapers. The purpose of the Act was to control the printing and circulation of seditious material, calculated to produce disaffection against the United Kingdom British Government in India in the minds of the ignorant, uneducated and largely illiterate masses. History The infamous Gagging Act of 1857 has been passed following the mutiny . It sought to regulate the establishment of printing presses and to restrain the circulation of printed mater. All presses had to have a license from the government. No distinction was made between publications in English language English and other regional languages. The Act also held that no licensed press should publish printed material impugning the motives of the British Raj , tending to bring it hatred and contempt and exciting unlawful resistance to its orders. When the British Government found that the Gagging Act was not potent enough to repress all Nationalist sentiments, it went on to create a more forcible law, designed in part by Sir Alexander Arbuthnot and Sir Ashley Eden, Lieutenant Governor of Bengal. At the time the Vernacular Press Act was passed, there were thirty five vernacular papers in Bengal, including the Amrita Bazar Patrika .... The Vernacular Press Act might be said to have grown from this incident. About the time the Act ... different vernacular papers were presented before him before the Act was finalized. The Vernacular Press ... were punishable by law. No redress could be sought in any court in the land. Reception reactions to the Vernacular ... that the vernacular press did not represent the feelings of the greater part of the Indian ... against the Vernacular Press Act and wondered how the same Indian Language press referred to by Temple ... rise to a storm, of protest through street processions and general closure of work. The Vernacular ... more details
The Tibet Vernacular paper is the first modern newspaper to have been established in Tibet. Written in both Tibetan language Tibetan and Chinese language Chinese , it was founded in April 1909 by amban Lian Yu, and his deputy Zhang Yintang, in the final years of the Qing Dynasty . It was lithographically printed and its print run was fewer than 100 copies a day. ref http www.chinadaily.com.cn china 2008 09 25 content 7059864 7.htm Protection and Development of Tibetan Culture White Paper , China Daily , 25 09 2008, p. 7 Old Tibet had only one lithographically printed newspaper in the Tibetan language in the last years of the Qing Dynasty 1644 1911 , titled The Tibet Vernacular Newspaper, and its print run was fewer than 100 copies a day . ref ref Thubten Samphel, Virtual Tibet The Media , in http books.google.fr books?id lLiIvbf9S4C&printsec frontcover&source gbs v2 summary r&cad 0 v onepage&q &f false Exile as challenge the Tibetan diaspora Dagmar Bernstorff, Hubertus von Welck eds. , Orient Blackswan, 2003, 488 pages, especially pp. 171 172 ISBN 81 250 2555 3, ISBN 978 81 250 2555 9 Tibet s first newspaper, Vernacular Paper, was started by the Manchu amban, Lian Yu, ad his deputy, Zhang Yintong in April 1909. The newspaper was bilingual, in Tibetan and Chinese . ref References references See also fr Bai Runsheng, Abr g de l histoire de la presse chinoise , ditions de Chine Nouvelle, 1998 The Tibet Mirror Category Tibetan language newspapers Category Publications established in 1909 fr Journal vernaculaire du Tibet ... more details
nofootnotes date March 2011 notability Academics date March 2011 wikify date March 2011 Vernacular Music Research is an archival and historical collection of music. It includes print books, sheet music , orchestrations , 78 records, and other media featuring American music and dance from the early 19th century to the 1960s. ref http vmarchive.com Welcome.html ref It was founded by jazz historian Thornton Hagert . The Archive The Archive itself consists of about 125,000 items of printed music, 75,000 items of recorded music, 5,500 books and 2,000 periodicals on New World Vernacular music, dance, and related topics. ref http vmarchive.com Welcome files SiteText.pdf ref Services Research has been done for The Smithsonian s historical compilations, and the Maryland Historical Society. ref citation? ref The archive has provided sheet music, recorded music, and referenced source material for books and publications including Habaneras, Maxixies & Tangos The Syncopated Piano Music of Latin America author Bill Matthiesen made special note of the use of Thornton Hagert s research, sheet music and orchestration. ref http books.google.com books?id CuATFf4UmQ8C&dq syncopated piano music of latin america&source gbs navlinks s ref Ragged but Right by Lynn Abbott features sheet music from the Archive. Printed by University of Mississippi ref http www.upress.state.ms.us books 842 ref Come & Trip It Instrumental Dance Music, 1780 s 1920 s Released on New World Records ref http www.newworldrecords.org liner notes 80293.pdf ref It also received a special thanks from the author of Black Manhattan , conductor Rick Benjamin . ref http www.newworldrecords.org liner notes 80611.pdf ref Maintained by Recorded Anthology of American Music, Inc. Ragtime its history, composers, and music by John Edward Hasse and published on Schirmer Books, 1985 also references the archive. Record Research features research and writing in partnership with Jean C Averty on numerous articles throughout the 70s and 80s ... more details
Image Sarbi Susani.N.jpg thumb S rbi Susani church , one of the Wooden Churches of Maramure . The vernacular architecture of the Carpathians draws on environmental and cultural sources to create unique designs. Vernacular architecture refers to non professional, folk architecture, including that of the peasants . In the Carpathian Mountains and the surrounding foothills , wood and clay are the primary traditional building materials. Effect of culture and religion Eastern Christianity seealso Byzantine Rite church architecture Because most Ukrainians Ukrainian , Rusyns Rusyn , and Romanians Romanian people are Eastern Christians , their building techniques have traditionally incorporated religious considerations into their buildings that are distinct from their Western Christian and Jewish neighbours. Firstly all churches are divided in to three parts the narthex , the nave , and the sanctuary and include a iconostasis a wall of icons . The outer shape is often cruciform cross shaped , but will always include a central dome and often several other domes. Parishioners face east during worship and there are no pews. Homes face south, and icons and other religious paraphernalia are displayed on the east wall. Judaism main Wooden synagogues East Central European synagogues are noted for their unique all wooden design. Materials and techniques Image Bucharest Village Museum House.jpg thumb A house with a thatch ed roof and limewash from the Village Museum in Bucharest, Romania. Details vary from locale to locale but the majority of homes in this area have traditionally been a single storey rectangular plan one or two rooms a central chimney a gable roof gable , hipped gable roof hipped gable or hipped roof hipped roof and plaster ed and limewash ed exteriors. Materials used were those that could be procured locally, including wood usually oak , mud , straw , fieldstone , Lime ... in a New Land Baltimore and London The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992 pp 309 330. Category Vernacular ... more details
African American topics sidebar right IPA notice lang en African American Vernacular English AAVE also called African American English less precisely Black English , Black Vernacular , Black English Vernacular BEV , or Black Vernacular English BVE is an African American Variety linguistics variety dialect , ethnolect and sociolect of American English . Non linguists sometimes call it Ebonics a term that also has other meanings or strong connotations or jive or jive talk . Its pronunciation is, in some respects, common to Southern American English , which is spoken by many African Americans and many non African Americans in the United States. There is little regional variation among speakers of AAVE. Several creolists, including William Stewart, John Dillard, and John Rickford , argue that AAVE shares so many characteristics with Creole language creole dialects spoken by black people in much of the world that AAVE itself is a creole, ref William A. Stewart, Non standard Speech and the Teaching of English Washington, D.C. Center for Applied Linguistics , 1964 William A. Stewart, On the use of Negro dialect in the teaching of reading , in Joan Baratz, ed., Teaching Black Children to Read Washington, D.C. Center for Applied Linguistics, 1969 pp. 156 219 J. L. Dillard, Black English Its History and Usage in the United States New York Random House, 1972 John R. Rickford, Prior creolization of AAVE? Sociohistorical and textual evidence from the 17th and 18th centuries , Journal of Sociolinguistics 1 1997 315 336 all as cited in Salikoko Mufwene, What is African American English? , and Guy Bailey, The relationship between African American Vernacular English and White Vernaculars ... Literature a Vernacular Theory publisher University of Chicago Press postscript none Citation editor ... in Black English Vernacular place Philadelphia publisher University of Pennsylvania Press postscript ... 18 issue 2 postscript none Citation last Rickford first John year 1999 title African American Vernacular ... more details
BVE may stand for BVE Trainsim Black Vernacular English African American Vernacular English In the United States Black British English In the United Kingdom Bachelor of Vocational Education Batall n Vasco Espa ol disambig de BVE es BVE fr BVE it BVE nl BVE DEFAULTSORT Bve ... more details
The hizzle may refer to In botany The Purple Haze marijuana Haze or Purple Haze strain of Marijuana . In vernacular An African American Vernacular English substratum substrated , izzle pattern slang term meaning cool, also used as conversational and improvisationally rhythmic conversational and lyrical filler. disambig ... more details
Palo Negro may refer to Palo Negro, Venezuela , the shire town of Libertador Municipality, Aragua a vernacular name for the tree Dalbergia retusa disambig ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
