Valence shell electron pair repulsion VSEPR theory is a model abstract model in chemistry used to predict the shape of individual molecule s based upon the extent of electron pair electrostatic repulsion. ref Jolly, W. L., Modern Inorganic Chemistry, McGraw Hill, 1984 ISBN 0 07 032760 2 ref It is also .... The acronym VSEPR is sometimes pronounced vesper for ease of pronunciation however, the phonetic ... page 119 ref The premise of VSEPR is that the valence chemistry valence electron pairs surrounding ..., both bonding and nonbonding, is called its steric number . VSEPR theory is usually compared and contrasted ... into molecules and polyatomic ions. VSEPR theory has long been criticized for not being ... fields based on VSEPR have also been developed. ref VGS Box. Journal of Molecular Modeling, 1997, 3 ... 1970 ref Description VSEPR theory mainly involves predicting the layout of electron pairs surrounding ... two or more resonance structure s can depict a molecule, the VSEPR model is applicable to any such structure. For the purposes of VSEPR theory, the multiple electron pairs in a multiple bond are treated ... the VSEPR theory. The A represents the central atom and always has an implied subscript one. The X represents ... of X & 39 s and E & 39 s, VSEPR theory makes the predictions in the following tables. Note ... There are groups of compounds where VSEPR fails to predict the correct geometry. Transition metal compounds Many transition metal compounds do not have geometries explained by VSEPR which can be ascribed ... Vsepr Theory Category Chemistry theories Category Molecular geometry Category Stereochemistry Category Quantum chemistry cs Teorie VSEPR de VSEPR Modell es TREPEV fa fr Th orie VSEPR ko id Teori VSEPR it Teoria VSEPR he VSEPR nl Valentieschil elektronenpaar repulsie theorie ja pl VSEPR ru scn Tiur a VSEPR sv VSEPR teorin th zh ... more details
The term bent bond generally refers to any form of bond in a structure that resembles the shape of a banana, but may also refer to Bent molecular geometry in VSEPR Theory and molecular geometry, a structure which contains one or two lone pairs. Rarely, in Thermodynamics , as the application of heat to a system contributing towards the breaking of bonds. disambig ... more details
Image Sulfur tetrafluoride 2D dimensions.png thumb Sulfur tetrafluoride has a steric number of 5. The steric number of a molecule is the number of atoms bonded to the central atom of a molecule plus the number of lone pairs on the central atom. It is often used in VSEPR theory valence shell electron pair repulsion theory in order to determine the particular shape, or molecular geometry , that will be formed. Steric number in VSEPR Calculating the steric number of a molecule s central atom is a vital step in figuring out its geometry. On the molecule Sulfur tetrafluoride SF sub 4 sub , for example, the central sulfur atom has four ligands about it, calculated by considering sulfur s coordination number . In addition to the four ligands, sulfur also has one remaining lone pair expanded octet does not apply in this compound . Thus, the steric number is 5. Comparing a central atom s steric number to the number of ligands not counting lone pairs allows one to figure out the geometry of that central atom. See also AXE method Stereochemistry Category Stereochemistry Category Molecular geometry chemistry stub ko it Numero sterico ... more details
Ronald James Gillespie , Order of Canada CM August 21, 1924 , a chemistry professor at McMaster University , specializes in the field of Molecular Geometry in Chemistry. In 2007 he was awarded the Order of Canada. ref http www.gg.ca media doc.asp?lang e&DocID 5131 Governor General s website ref He was educated at the University of London obtaining a B.Sc in 1945, a Ph.D in 1949 and a D.Sc in 1957. He was Assistant Lecturer and then Lecturer in the Department of Chemistry at University College London in England from 1950 to 1958. He moved to McMaster University , Hamilton, Ontario , Canada in 1958 and is now emeritus professor. He was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada in 1965 and a Fellow of the Royal Society of London in 1977. Gillespie has done extensive work on expanding the idea of the VSEPR Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion VSEPR model of Molecular Geometry, which he developed with Sir Ronald Sydney Nyholm Ronald Nyholm , and setting the rules for assigning numbers. He has written several books on this VSEPR topic in chemistry . With other workers he developed LCP theory , ligand close packing theory , which for some molecules allows geometry to be predicted on the basis of ligand ligand repulsions. Gillespie has also done extensive work on interpreting the covalent radius of fluorine . The covalent radius of most atoms is found by taking half the length of a single bond between two similar atoms in a neutral molecule. Calculating the covalent radius for fluorine is more difficult because of its high electronegativity compared to its small atomic radius size. Ronald Gillespie s work on the bond length of fluorine focuses on theoretically determining the covalent radius of fluorine by examining its covalent radius when it is attached to several different atoms. Publications Chemical Bonding and Molecular Geometry From Lewis to Electron Densities Topics in Inorganic Chemistry by Ronald J. Gillespie and Paul L. A. Popelier Atoms, Molecules and ... more details
4 sub sup sup 212 130 109.5 PF sub 3 sub 237 157 97.8 PF sub 4 sub sup sup 238 145.7 109.5 LCP and VSEPR LCP and VSEPR make very similar predictions as to geometry but LCP theory has the advantage that predictions ... more details
In chemistry , the Linear molecular geometry describes the arrangement of three or more atoms placed at an expected bond angle of 180 . Linear organic molecules, e.g. acetylene, are often described by invoking sp orbital hybridization for the carbon centers. Many linear molecules exist, prominent examples include CO2 CO sub 2 sub , Hydrogen cyanide HCN , and xenon difluoride . Linear anions include azide N sub 3 sub sup nowiki &minus nowiki sup and thiocyanate SCN sup nowiki &minus nowiki sup . Linear cations include Nitronium ion NO sub 2 sub sup sup . ref Greenwood, N. N. & Earnshaw, A. 1997 . Chemistry of the Elements 2nd Edn. , Oxford Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN 0 7506 3365 4. ref See also VSEPR theory AXE Method AXE method Molecular geometry References references External links http www.3dchem.com 3D Chem Chemistry, Structures, and 3D Molecules http www.iumsc.indiana.edu IUMSC Indiana University Molecular Structure Center http www.phys.ncl.ac.uk staff njpg symmetry Molecules l3d.html Point Group Symmetry Point Group Symmetry Interactive Examples http chemlab.truman.edu CHEM121Labs MolecularModeling1.htm Molecular Modeling http intro.chem.okstate.edu 1314F97 Chapter9 3BP.html Animated Trigonal Planar Visual MolecularGeometry Category Molecular geometry es Geometr a molecular lineal ja sv Linj r geometri ... more details
In chemistry , the term bent can be applied to certain molecule s to describe their molecular geometry . H sub 2 sub O is an example of a bent molecule. The bond angle between the two hydrogen atoms is approximately 104.45 inverse cosine of 1 4 . ref G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Ed, Pearson Prentice Hall publisher, ISBN 0 13 035471 6. ref Nonlinear triatomic molecules and ions are common for compounds containing only main group elements, prominent examples being nitrogen dioxide , Sulfur dichloride SCl sub 2 sub , and the Carbene CH sub 2 sub . This geometry is almost always consistent with VSEPR theory . See also AXE method Molecular geometry References reflist External links http www.3dchem.com 3D Chem Chemistry, Structures, and 3D Molecules http www.iumsc.indiana.edu Indiana University Molecular Structure Center http www.phys.ncl.ac.uk staff njpg symmetry Molecules l3d.html Point Group Symmetry Interactive Examples http chemlab.truman.edu CHEM121Labs MolecularModeling1.htm Molecular Modeling http intro.chem.okstate.edu 1314F97 Chapter9 3BP.html Animated Trigonal Planar Visual MolecularGeometry Category Stereochemistry Category Molecular geometry es Geometr a molecular angular ja sv B jd geometri ... more details
Infobox molecular geometry Image File Pyramidal 3D balls.png Symmetry group Cyclic symmetries C sub 3v sub Electron direction 4 Atom direction 3 Bond angle 109.5 , 107 mu Examples ammonia NH sub 3 sub , phosphorus trichloride PCl sub 3 sub In chemistry , a trigonal pyramid is a molecular geometry with one atom at the Apex geometry apex and three atoms at the corners of a trigonal base. When all three atoms at the corners are identical, the molecule belongs to Molecular symmetry point group C sub 3v sub . One example of a molecule with a trigonal pyramidal geometry is ammonia NH sub 3 sub . Some molecules and ions with trigonal pyramidal geometry include the xenon trioxide molecule, XeO sub 3 sub , the chlorate ion, ClO sub 3 sub sup sup , the sulfite ion, SO sub 3 sub sup 2 sup , and the phosphite ion, PO sub 3 sub sup 3 sup . In organic chemistry, molecules which have a trigonal pyramidal geometry are sometimes described as orbital hybridisation sp sup 3 sup hybridized . The AXE method for VSEPR theory states that the classification is AX sub 3 sub E. Citation needed date January 2008 Trigonal pyramidal geometry in ammonia The nitrogen molecule in ammonia has 5 valence electron s and bonds with three hydrogen atoms to complete the octet rule octet . This would result in the geometry of a regular tetrahedron with each bond angle inverse trigonometric function cos sup 1 sup 109.5 . However, the three hydrogen atoms are repelled by the electron lone pair in a way that the geometry is distorted to a trigonal pyramid regular 3 sided pyramid with bond angles of 107 . In contrast, boron trifluoride is flat, adopting a trigonal planar geometry because the boron does not have a lone pair of electrons. In ammonia the trigonal pyramid undergoes rapid nitrogen inversion . ref name Cleeton Claud E. Cleeton C. E. Cleeton & Neal H. Williams N. H. Williams , 1934 http prola.aps.org abstract PR v45 i4 p234 1 Online version archive . URL last accessed 8 May 2006 ref See also VSEPR ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 402881078 Name Xenon oxytetrafluoride ImageFile Xenon oxytetrafluoride 3D balls.png ImageSize 150px ImageName Ball and stick model of xenon oxytetrafluoride ImageFile1 Xenon oxytetrafluoride 3D vdW.png ImageSize1 150px ImageName1 Space filling model of xenon oxytetrafluoride OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 10326200 InChI 1 F4OXe c1 6 2,3,4 5 InChIKey ONRYXFFHIXYZMZ UHFFFAOYAY SMILES F Xe F F F O StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S F4OXe c1 6 2,3,4 5 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey ONRYXFFHIXYZMZ UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 13774 85 1 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula XeOF sub 4 sub MolarMass 223.23 g mol Appearance colorless liquid Density 3.17 g cm sup 3 sup , liquid MeltingPt 46.2 C VSEPR square pyramidal Solubility Reacts with water Section3 Chembox Structure CrystalStruct Section7 Chembox Hazards EUClass not listed Xenon oxytetrafluoride Xenon Xe Oxygen O Fluorine F sub 4 sub is an inorganic chemical compound . As are all xenon compounds, it is extremely reactive and unstable, and hydrolyses in water to give dangerously hazardous and corrosive products VSEPR square pyramidal XeOF sub 4 sub 2H sub 2 sub O Xe 4 hydrogen fluoride HF 3 2 O sub 2 sub In addition, some ozone and fluorine are also formed. The reaction is extremely dangerous, and xenon oxytetrafluoride should therefore be kept away from any trace of water or water vapour under all conditions. References Unreferenced date September 2007 references XeOF sub 4 sub reacts with H sub 2 sub O in the following steps XeOF sub 4 sub H sub 2 sub O XeO sub 2 sub F sub 2 sub 2HF XeO sub 2 sub F sub 2 sub H sub 2 sub O XeO sub 3 sub 2HF Xenon trioxide XeO sub 3 sub is a dangerous explosive. External links http webbook.nist.gov cgi cbook.cgi?ID C13774851 WebBook page for XeOF4 Xenon compounds Category Xenon compounds Category Oxofluorides Category Inorganic compound stubs inorganic c ... more details
Image Square pyramidal 3D balls.png thumb right 200px Idealized structure of a compound with square pyramidal coordination geometry. In molecular geometry , square based pyramidal geometry describes the shape of certain compounds with the formula ML sub 5 sub where L is a ligand . If the ligand atoms were connected, the resulting shape would be that of a pyramid with a square base. The geometry is common for certain main group compounds that have a stereochemically active lone pair, as described by VSEPR theory . Certain compounds crystallize in both the trigonal bipyramidal and the square pyramidal structures, notably Ni CN sub 5 sub sup 3 sup . ref cite journal last1 Spiro first1 Thomas G. last2 Terzis first2 Aristides last3 Raymond first3 Kenneth N. doi 10.1021 ic50093a006 title Structure of Ni CN sub 5 sub sup 3 sup . Raman, infrared, and x ray crystallographic evidence year 1970 pages 2415 volume 9 journal Inorg. Chem. ref As a transition state in Berry Pseudorotation As a trigonal bipyramidal molecule undergoes Berry pseudorotation , it proceeds via an intermediary stage with the square planar geometry. Thus even though the geometry is rarely seen as the ground state, it is accessed by a low energy distortion from a trigonal bipyramid. Pseudorotation also occurs in square pyramidal molecules. Molecules with this geometry, as opposed to trigonal bipyramidal, exhibit heavier vibration. The mechanism used is similar to the Berry mechanism. Examples Some molecular compounds that adopt square pyramidal geometry are XeOF sub 4 sub , ref Square Pyramidal Molecular Geometry . VSEPR. http www.up.ac.za academic chem mol geom planpyr.htm ref and XF sub 5 sub X Cl, Br, I also have square pyramidal geometries. ref Square Pyramidal Geometry . http intro.chem.okstate.edu 1314F97 Chapter9 5BP1LP.html ref ref G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Ed, Pearson Prentice Hall publisher, ISBN 0 13 035471 6. ref Complexes of vanadium IV , such as VO acac sub 2 sub ar ... more details
Vesper means evening in Classical Latin . It can refer to Hesperus , Latinized form of Hesperos, a Greek mythological figure Roman Vesper Places Vesper, Wisconsin , a village Vesper Peak , a mountain in Washington State Vesper, an abandoned village southwest of Swift Current, Saskatchewan , Canada People Will Vesper 1882 1962 , German author and literary critic Rudolf Vesper born 1939 , East German Olympic gold medalist in Greco Roman wrestling In fiction Vesper comics , a female mutant in the Marvel Comics universe Vesper novel Vesper novel , a young adult novel by Jeff Sampson Vesper Holly , a character from a book series by Lloyd Alexander Vesper Lynd , a character in the James Bond novel and film Casino Royale Vesper, an organization in the manga and anime series Mahoromatic Vesper Family, a family in the book series The 39 Clues Vesper Family The 39 Clues In science Vesper bat , the largest, best known family of bats Vesper mouse , a rodent genus Vesper Sparrow , a medium sized bird Vesper mission, a planned Venus chemistry and dynamics orbiter of the NASA Discovery Program Other Vesper Boat Club , an amateur rowing club in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Vesper Country Club , one of the first golf courses in the United States Vesper cocktail , a martini style alcoholic beverage recipe created by Ian Fleming See also Vespers disambiguation Vespa VSEPR theory in chemistry, often pronounced Vesper disambig de Vesper fr Vesper nl Vesper pl Vesper fi Vesper ... more details
Image Prochirality V.1.svg right thumb 240px An sp sup 2 sup hybridized carbon atom, with re and si faces. In stereochemistry , prochiral molecules are those that can be converted from achiral to Chirality chemistry chiral in a single step. ref name mcmurry cite book title Organic Chemistry author John McMurry edition 6ed publisher Brooks Cole pages 301 303 ref ref http www.iupac.org goldbook P04859.pdf IUPAC Gold Book definition ref If two identical substituent s are attached to a orbital hybridisation sp sup 3 sup hybridized atom , the descriptors pro R and pro S are used to distinguish between the two. Promoting the pro R substituent to higher priority than the identical alternative would result in an R chirality center at the original sp sup 3 sup hybridized atom, and vice versa. A VSEPR trigonal planar sp sup 2 sup hybridized atom can be converted to a chiral center when a substituent is added to the re or si face of the molecule. These faces are labelled re if the substituents at the trigonal atom are disposed in decreasing Cahn Ingold Prelog priority rules Cahn Ingold Prelog priority order in a clockwise order, and si if the priorities decrease in counter clockwise order but the designation of the resulting chiral centre as s or r depends on the priority of the incoming group. References Reflist category stereochemistry de Prochiralit t fr Prochiralit gl Proquiralidade it Prochiralit ja nl Prochiraliteit zh ... more details
Image T shaped 3D balls.png thumb right 200px Idealized structure of a compound with T shaped coordination geometry. In chemistry, T shaped molecular geometry describes the structures adopted by some compounds where a central atom has three ligand s. Ordinarily, three coordinated compounds adopt trigonal planar or pyramidal geometries. Example of a T shaped molecules are the halogen trifluorides, such as ClF3 ClF sub 3 sub . ref Greenwood, N. N. & Earnshaw, A. 1997 . Chemistry of the Elements 2nd Edn. , Oxford Butterworth Heinemann. ISBN 0 7506 3365 4. ref According to VSEPR theory T shaped geometry results from three ligands and two lone pairs of electrons bonded to the central atom. The three atoms bond at 90 angles on one side of the central atom, producing the T shape. ref Chemistry Dictionary and Glossary. 2005. http www.ktf split.hr glossary no en o.php?def T shaped 20molecular 20shape ref AXE Type AX sub 3 sub E sub 2 sub . According to Valence Bond Theory, T shaped molecules are assigned sp sup 3 sup d hybridization. It is generally accepted that d orbitals do not contribute to the bonding in such molecules, which can be more simply described using Molecular Orbital Theory . See also AXE method References references External links http www.3dchem.com 3D Chem Chemistry, Structures, and 3D Molecules http www.iumsc.indiana.edu IUMSC Indiana University Molecular Structure Center http www.phys.ncl.ac.uk staff njpg symmetry Molecules l3d.html Point Group Symmetry Point Group Symmetry Interactive Examples http chemlab.truman.edu CHEM121Labs MolecularModeling1.htm Molecular Modeling http intro.chem.okstate.edu 1314F97 Chapter9 3BP.html Animated Trigonal Planar Visual MolecularGeometry Category Molecular geometry ja T sv T formad geometri ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 400118072 ImageFile Iodine trifluoride.svg ImageSize 150px ImageName Structural formula IUPACName Iodine trifluoride OtherNames iodine III fluoride Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 10329096 InChI 1 F3I c1 4 2 3 InChIKey VJUJMLSNVYZCDT UHFFFAOYAM StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S F3I c1 4 2 3 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey VJUJMLSNVYZCDT UHFFFAOYSA N CASNo 22520 96 3 PubChem SMILES FI F F Section2 Chembox Properties Formula IF sub 3 sub MolarMass 183.9 g mol Appearance yellow solid Density MeltingPt decmp above 28 C BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Section4 Chembox Related OtherAnions iodine trichloride OtherCations bromine trifluoride OtherCpds chlorine trifluoride br iodine pentafluoride Iodine trifluoride IF sub 3 sub is a yellow solid which decomposes above 28 C. It can be synthesised from the elements, but care must be taken to avoid the formation of iodine pentafluoride IF sub 5 sub . Reactions fluorine F sub 2 sub attacks iodine I sub 2 sub to yield IF sub 3 sub at 45 C in trichlorofluoromethane CCl sub 3 sub F . Alternatively, at low temperatures, the fluorination reaction I sub 2 sub 3 xenon difluoride XeF sub 2 sub 2IF sub 3 sub 3 xenon Xe can be used. Not much is known about iodine trifluoride as it is so unstable. Chemical properties Iodine trifluoride has five electron pairs, and like chlorine trifluoride is T shaped as predicted by VSEPR Theory . References reflist Iodine compounds Category Fluorides Category Iodine compounds Category Interhalogen compounds de Iodtrifluorid ja simple Iodine trifluoride ... more details
Image AX3E0 3D balls.png thumb right 200px Idealized structure of a compound with trigonal planar coordination geometry. In chemistry , trigonal planar is a molecular geometry model with one atom at the center and three atoms at the corners of a triangle, called peripheral atoms, all in one plane. ref name March Jerry March Advanced Organic Chemistry 3rd Ed. ref In an ideal trigonal planar species, all three ligands are identical and all bond angles are 120 . Such species belong to the point group D sub 3h sub . Molecules where the three ligands are not identical, such as formaldehyde H sub 2 sub CO , deviate from this idealized geometry. Examples of molecule s with trigonal planar geometry include boron trifluoride BF sub 3 sub , formaldehyde H sub 2 sub CO , phosgene COCl sub 2 sub , and sulfur trioxide SO sub 3 sub . Some ions with trigonal planar geometry include nitrate NO sub 3 sub sup sup , carbonate ion CO sub 3 sub sup 2 sup , and guanidine guanidinium C NH sub 2 sub sub 3 sub sup sup . In organic chemistry, planar, three connected carbon centers that are trigonal planar are often described as having orbital hybridisation sp sup 2 sup hybridization . ref Holleman, A. F. Wiberg, E. Inorganic Chemistry Academic Press San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0 12 352651 5. ref ref G. L. Miessler and D. A. Tarr Inorganic Chemistry 3rd Ed, Pearson Prentice Hall publisher, ISBN 0 13 035471 6. ref Nitrogen inversion is the distortion of pyramidal amine through a transition state that is trigonal planar. Pyramidalization is a distortion of this molecular shape towards a tetrahedral molecular geometry . One way to observe this distortion is in pyramidal alkene s. ref name March References references See also AXE method Molecular geometry VSEPR External links http www.3dchem.com 3D Chem Chemistry, Structures, and 3D Molecules http www.iumsc.indiana.edu Indiana University Molecular Structure Center http www.phys.ncl.ac.uk staff njpg symmetry Molecules l3d.html Point Group Symmetry Inter ... more details
Prism polyhedra db Prism polyhedron stat table AP4 In geometry , the square antiprism is the second in an infinite set of antiprism s formed by an even numbered sequence of triangle sides closed by two polygon caps. It is also known as an anticube . ref Holleman Wiberg. Inorganic Chemistry , Academic Press, Italy, p. 299. ISBN 0 12 352651 5. ref If all its faces are regular, it is a semiregular polyhedron . When eight points are distributed on the surface of a sphere with the aim of maximising the distance between them in some sense, then the resulting shape corresponds to a square anti prism rather than a cube geometry cube . Different examples include maximising the distance to the nearest point, or using electrons to maximise the sum of all reciprocals of squares of distances. Molecules with square antiprism geometry According to the VSEPR theory of molecular geometry in chemistry, which is based on the general principle of maximizing the distances between points, a square antiprism is a favoured geometry when eight pairs of electrons surround a central atom. One molecule with this geometry is the octafluoroxenate VI ion XeF sub 8 sub sup 2 sup in the salt nitrosonium octafluoroxenate VI however, the molecule is distorted away from the idealized square antiprism. ref name peterson cite doi 10.1126 science.173.4003.1238 ref In addition, the element sulfur forms octatomic S sub 8 sub molecules as its most stable allotrope. The S sub 8 sub molecule has a structure based on the square antiprism, in which the eight atoms occupy the eight vertices of the antiprism, and the eight triangle triangle edges of the antiprism correspond to single covalent bonds between sulfur atoms. See also Compound of three square antiprisms antiprism Set of antiprisms Octahedron Triangle capped antiprism Pentagonal antiprism Hexagonal antiprism Octagonal antiprism Notes reflist External links mathworld urlname Antiprism title Antiprism http polyhedra.org poly show 27 square antiprism ... more details
120 . The axial bond angle has changed slightly due to VSEPR Theory VSEPR effects. Because of the increased ... than ideal bond angles are due to VSEPR effects arising from the sterics of the lone pair ... more details
chembox Name Chloryl fluoride ImageFile Chloryl fluoride 3D balls.png ImageSize 200px ImageName Chloryl fluoride OtherNames chlorine dioxide fluoride Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 13637 83 7 Section2 Chembox Properties Formula chlorine oxygen 2 fluorine MolarMass 86.4502 g mol Density 3.534 g L MeltingPt 15 C BoilingPt 6 C Chloryl fluoride is the chemical compound with the formula ClO sub 2 sub F. It is commonly encountered side product in reactions of chlorine fluorides with oxygen sources. ref Chrisie, K. O. Wilson, R. D. Schack, C. J. Chloryl fluoride Inorganic Syntheses, 1986, volume 24, pages 3 5. ISBN 0 471 83441 6 ref It is the acyl halide acyl fluoride of chloric acid . Preparation ClO sub 2 sub F was first reported by Schmitz and Schumacheb in 1942, who prepared it by the fluorination of ClO sub 2 sub . ref Schmitz, H. Schumacheb, H. J. ber eine neue Reaktion des Chlordioxyds. Die Bildung einer Verbindung der Formel ClO sub 2 sub F Zeitschrift f r anorganische und allgemeine Chemie 1942, Volume 249, Pages 238 244. DOI 10.1002 zaac.19422490302 ref The compound is more conveniently prepared by treatment of sodium chlorate and chlorine trifluoride and purified by vacuum fractionation, i.e. selectively condensing this species separately from other products. This species is a gas boiling at 6 C 6 NaClO sub 3 sub 4 ClF sub 3 sub &rarr 6 ClO sub 2 sub F 2 Cl sub 2 sub 3 O sub 2 sub 6 NaF Structure In contrast to Dioxygen difluoride O sub 2 sub F sub 2 sub , ClO sub 2 sub F is a pyramidal molecule. This structure is predicted by VSEPR . The differing structures reflects the greater tendency of chlorine to exist in positive oxidation states with oxygen and fluorine ligands. The related Cl O F compound perchloryl fluoride , ClO sub 3 sub F, is tetrahedral. References references External links http webbook.nist.gov cgi cbook.cgi?ID C13637837 WebBook page for ClO2F Chlorine compounds Category Chloryl compounds Category Oxofluorides ar nl Chlorylfluo ... more details
chembox ImageFile Tetramethylammonium pentafluoroxenate xtal 3D vdW.png ImageSize IUPACName Tetramethylammonium pentafluoridoxenonate OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo PubChem SMILES Section2 Chembox Properties Formula N CH sub 3 sub sub 4 sub XeF sub 5 sub MolarMass 300.4308 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Tetramethylammonium pentafluoroxenate is the chemical compound with the formula N CH sub 3 sub sub 4 sub XeF sub 5 sub . The XeF sub 5 sub sup sup ion it contains was the first example of a planar pentagonal VSEPR theory AX sub 5 sub E sub 2 sub species. ref name Christe cite journal title The pentafluoroxenate IV anion, XeF sub 5 sub sup sup the first example of a pentagonal planar AX sub 5 sub species author Christe K. O., Curtis E. C., Dixon D. A., Mercier H. P.,. Sanders J. C. P, Schrobilgen G. J. journal Journal of the American Chemical Society J. Am. Chem. Soc. year 1991 volume 113 issue 9 pages 3351 3361 doi 10.1021 ja00009a021 ref It was prepared by the reaction of N CH sub 3 sub sub 4 sub F with xenon tetrafluoride , N CH sub 3 sub sub 4 sub F being chosen because it can be prepared in anhydrous form and is readily soluble in organic solvents . ref name Christe The anion is planar, with the fluorine atoms in a slightly distorted pentagonal coordination Xe F bond lengths ranging from 197.9 203.4 pm and Xe F bond angles ranging from 71.5 72.3 . ref name Christe Other salts have been prepared with sodium, caesium and rubidium, and vibrational spectra shows that these contain the same planar ion. ref name Christe File Pentafluoroxenate ion from xtal 3D balls.png 150px Ball and stick model of the pentafluoroxenate ion File Pentafluoroxenate ion 2D.png 150px Structural formula of the pentafluoroxenate ion References reflist Category Fluorides Category Xenon compounds Category Quaternary ammonium compounds fr Pentafluorox nate de t tram thylammonium ja ... more details
of molecular structure Main article VSEPR Theory AXE method VSEPR theory There are six basic shape types ..., with no extra unshared electron pairs. In accordance with the VSEPR valence shell electron pair .... Lone pair bond pair repulsions push the angle from the tetrahedral angle down to around 106 . VSEPR table The bond angles in the table below are ideal angles from the simple VSEPR theory, followed ... toxin protein key motif.svg center 110px Image 8tim TIM barrel.png center 170px See also VSEPR theory ... more details
Infobox Scientist name Nevil Sidgwick image birth date 8 May 1873 birth place Oxford death date 15 March 1952 death place Oxford residence citizenship nationality England English ethnicity field chemistry work institutions University of Oxford alma mater doctoral advisor Hans von Pechmann University of T bingen doctoral students known for Valence chemistry valency influences influenced prizes religion signature Nevil Vincent Sidgwick b in Oxford on 8 May 1873 d in Oxford on 15 March 1952 was an English people English theoretical chemist who made significant contributions to the theory of Valence chemistry valency and chemical bonding. After a few years at Rugby School , Sidgwick pursued undergraduate studies at Christ Church, Oxford Christ Church and a doctorate at the University of T bingen . ref http www.scs.uiuc.edu mainzv Web Genealogy Info sidgwicknv.pdf ref He spent almost his entire career in the city of his birth, becoming a Fellow of Lincoln College, Oxford in 1901, and Professor of Chemistry from 1935 to 1945. Sidgwick became absorbed by the study of atomic structure and its importance in chemical bonding. He explained the bonding in complex chemistry coordination compounds complexes , with a convincing account of the significance of the dative bond . Together with his students he demonstrated the existence and wide ranging importance of the hydrogen bond . In 1927 he proposed the inert pair effect which describes the stability of heavier p block in an oxidation state two less than the maximum. In 1940 his Bakerian lecture with Herbert Marcus Powell correlated molecular geometry with the number of valence electrons on a central atom. ref http www.jstor.org pss 97507 N.V.Sidgwick and H.M.Powell, Proc.Roy.Soc.A 176, 153 180 1940 Bakerian Lecture. Stereochemical Types and Valency Groups ref These ideas were later developed into the VSEPR theory by Ronald Gillespie Gillespie and Ronald Sydney Nyholm Nyholm . His works include The Organic Chemistry of Nitrogen ... more details
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