Orphan date February 2009 The Institute for End UserComputing The IEUC is a non profit organization that engages in research and education initiatives dedicated to the advancement of End user computer science end user End usercomputingcomputing . Its coordinating goal is to develop a new open source Platform computing platform that is a simple, yet state of the art alternative to Microsoft Windows Windows , Unix , Linux , and the Mac OS . The Institute s mission statement is Pursuing Secure, Simple, Supple, & Sophisticated Systems to Unlock Our Human Potential. The IEUC is a 501 c 3 tax exempt organization incorporated under New York State s Not For Profit Corporation Law. Its Executive Director is Peter J. Wasilko, Esq. Specific projects The PEG Board, which promotes the use of parsing expression grammar s PEGs instead of regular expression s. http www.ieuc.org research specific projects peg board.html Study of the sources of Computer rage Computer Rage . http wiki.ieuc.org ComputerRage External links http www.ieuc.org The IEUC Gateway http wiki.ieuc.org ComputerRage Computer Rage Wiki It Is Time To End The Madness at The Institute for End UserComputing DEFAULTSORT Institute for End UserComputing, The Category Research institutes in the United States Category Nonprofit technology Category Non profit organizations based in New York Category Philanthropic organizations Category Research institutes sci org stub ... more details
technical date November 2010 In computing , End UserComputing EUC refer to systems in which non programmers ...?id 1120304 title End usercomputing ref EUC is a group of approaches to computing that aim at better integrating usercomputing end users into the computing environment. These approaches attempt to realize the potential for high end computing to perform in a trustworthy manner in problem solving of the highest order. ref McBride, Neil, http www.cse.dmu.ac.uk nkm EUC1.html Towards User Oriented control of End UserComputing in Large Organizations ref ref Mahmood, Adam, http www.idea group.com bookseries details.asp?id 3 Advances in End UserComputing Series University of Texas, USA,ISSN 1537 9310 ref ref http www.ieuc.org end user computing.html End UserComputing The Institute for End UserComputing, Inc. ref The EUC Ranges section describes two types of approaches that are at different ... user to intellectual borg see Slogan 2 , hence End UserComputing can have a range of forms and values ... method Computational approaches scientific method . Some of the issues related to End UserComputing ... to be studied. Other issues relate to IP, configuration, maintenance, ... End UserComputing allows ... of the system. Examples of End UserComputing are systems built using the Fourth generation programming ... a long economic cycle. Slogans Computing concerns and good End UserComputing can be Antithesis antithetically related. Good End UserComputing practices might help temper things such as the AI Winter ... Usability engineering Usercomputing End user computer science Situational application End user ... EUSES Consortium, a collaboration that researches end usercomputing. DEFAULTSORT End UserComputing Category Human computer interaction de End UserComputing it End usercomputing ... and or simple commands. In this approach, a computing group would keep these canned routines up to date ... would allow for end user involvement at several levels including administration itself. Users would ... more details
About the formal concept of computation computation the magazine Computing magazine the scientific journal Computing journal File Babbage Difference Engine Being utilised .jpg thumb Difference engine computing the solution to a polynomial function . Computing is usually defined as the activity of using ... specific part of information technology . Computer science or computing science is the study and the science ... and application in computer systems. Computing Curricula 2005 ref name curricula The Joint Task Force for Computing Curricula 2005. http www.acm.org education curric vols CC2005 March06Final.pdf Computing Curricula 2005 The Overview Report pdf ref defined computing blockquote In a general way, we can define computing to mean any goal oriented activity requiring, benefiting from, or creating computers. Thus, computing includes designing and building hardware and software systems for a wide range ... that manipulates Data computing data according to a set of Code computer programming instructions called a computer program . The program has an Execution computing executable form that the computer ... computing process carries out the instructions in a computer program. Instructions express the computation ... to launch a new Killer application killer application . Definitions Wikiversity computing The term computing has sometimes been narrowly defined, as in a 1989 Association for Computing Machinery ACM report on Computing as a Discipline ref http cs.gmu.edu cne pjd GP CompDisc.pdf Computing as a Discipline pdf ref blockquote The discipline of computing is the systematic study of algorithmic processes ..., and application. The fundamental question underlying all computing is What can be efficiently automated? blockquote Computing Curricula 2005 ref name curricula also recognizes that the meaning of computing depends on the context blockquote Computing also has other meanings that are more specific, based ... computing somewhat differently from a software engineer. Regardless of the context, doing computing ... more details
Selfref For information on Wikipedia user accounts, see Wikipedia Username policy . For Wikipedia users, see Wikipedia Wikipedians . Wiktionary userUser may refer to User telecommunications , one who employs the services provided by a telecommunication system User drug , one who uses drugs Usercomputing End user , one who uses a product in economics and commerce See also Consumer disambig cs U ivatel de User fr Utilisateur ko la Usor ms Pengguna ja pl U ytkownik ro Utilizator ... more details
Semantic computing is a field that addresses three core problems Understanding the possibly naturally expressed intentions semantics of user and expressing them in a machine processable language Understanding the meanings semantics of computational content of various sorts, including, but is not limited to, text, video, audio, process, network, software , hardware and expressing them in a machine processable language Mapping the semantics of user with that of content for the purpose of content retrieval, management, creation, etc. Further reading Semantic Computing, eds. P. Sheu, H. Yu, C.V. Ramamoorthy, A. Joshi and L.A. Zadeh, IEEE Wiley, 2010 External links http www.ieee icsc.org IEEE International Conference on Semantic Computing http www.sssc2010.org IEEE International School on Semantic Computing http journals.wspc.com.sg ijsc ijsc.shtml International Journal of Semantic Computing http www.isc home.org Institute for Semantic Computing http www.seco.tkk.fi Semantic Computing Research Group Category Semantic Web comp sci stub ... more details
history of computing This article presents a detailed Chronology timeline of events in the history of computing . For a narrative explaining the overall developments, see the related history of computing hardware and history of computer science . Computing timelines Timeline of computing 2400 BC 1949 2400 BC 1949 , Timeline of computing 1950 1979 1950 1979 , Timeline of computing 1980 1989 1980 1989 , Timeline of computing 1990 1999 1990 1999 , Timeline of computing 2000 2009 2000 2009 See also Wikibooks inline The Computer Revolution A Timeline History of computing hardware up to third generation 1960s History of computing hardware 1960s present third generation and later History of compiler writing History of the graphical user interface History of the Internet Timeline of operating systems Timeline of programming languages Timeline of artificial intelligence Resources Stephen White A Brief History of Computing , http ox.compsoc.net swhite history.html. An excellent Computer history site the above is a modified version of his timeline, used with Wikipedia History of computing Permission permission . The Computer History in time and space, Graphing Project tries to build a graphical image of computer history, in particular operating system s, http comp hist.sourceforge.net clear Graphical timeline Timeline History of Computing Category Computing timelines Computing Category History of computing Timeline of Computing bs Hronologija historije ra unarstva fa fr Chronologie de l informatique lv Datoru att st bas hronolo ija pt Anexo Cronologia da evolu o dos computadores ru ... more details
Sideband computing is a general term for an area of computer science that is related to the distributed computing and multiple communication channels. Sideband is defined as when a user connects to some ... tasks to the clients. Through sideband computing method, any network server which has a lot of clients can form into a large scale super computing network. During this process, the resources in the clients ... computing environment such as Social computing , Volunteer computing , and Edge computing , Grid Computing , or Utility Computing . Collaborative task in social computing is one example. Sideband computing is also a type of super computing where each client carries out some real computation ..., it effectively achieves the function of a real super computer. History Sideband computing is first coined by Yongyong Xu in a paper titled Global Sideband Service Distributed Computing Method on a conference ... computing. Advantage Sideband computing maximizes the participation and involvement of clients ..., the network server can act as a supercomputer. Most other distributed computing requires each client to manually install client side software, proactively participate in the computing and the computation is the sole objective of such client side software. With sideband computing, sideband service ... much interrupting to the main network service that is less intrusive and more user friendly to the end user. On a different view, a client can be viewed as paying its contributing in exchange of the regular service it is served. This is similar to volunteer computing Disadvantage Sideband computing ... computing in this sense include collaborative filtering, online auctions, online ranking, mashing .... For instance, when sideband computing applies to the social computing based on each client creating or recreating social conventions and social contexts through the use of client s computing resource ... of sideband method. Another application of the sideband computing method is Peer to peer P2P , where ... more details
Wikify date April 2010 Orphan date November 2006 Task computing is a computation to fill the gap between tasks what user wants to be done , and services functionalities that are available to the user . Task computing seeks to redefine how users interact with and use computing environments. It is built on pervasive computing . Task Computing Framework TCF and Task Computing Environment TCE A Task Computing Framework TCF is a framework that supports Task Computing, by providing support for The workflows of Task Computing, i.e., at a minimum, Discovery, followed by Composition and Execution Semantic description of tasks and services Specification, Execution and Re Usability of tasks by end users Manipulation including creation and disposal of services by the end users This definition of a Task Computing Framework does not make reference to computational components. Here an embodiment of a Task Computing Framework will be referred to as a Task Computing Environment TCE . A TCE is a computational system that includes, at a minimum, the following components One or more Task Computing Clients TCCs , One or more Semantically Described Services SDSs , One or more Semantic Service Discovery Mechanisms SSDMs , and Optionally one or more Service Controls SCs Applications Using Task Execution EditoR STEER ref http www.flacp.fujitsulabs.com rmasuoka papers Task Computing ISWC2003 202 color final.pdf Microsoft Word Task Computing ISCW2003 202 final.doc Bot generated title ref , embodiments of multiple Semantically Described Services and Service Controls the following applications are possible Exchanging Business Cards Showing and Sharing the Presentation Scheduling a Future Presentation Checking and Printing Directions to the Airport Notes references References Cite journal ref harv first Seng W. last Loke authorlink coauthors title Building Taskable Spaces over Ubiquitous Services journal IEEE Pervasive Computing volume 8 number 4 pages 72 78 year 2009 Related work http csdl2.computer.org ... more details
Confusing date March 2008 More footnotes date February 2009 Context date October 2009 Edge computing provides application processing load balancing computing load balancing capacity to corporate and other ... systems are however a much more complex endeavor. Overview As the name implies, Edge computing pushes applications, data and computing power services away from centralized points to the logical extremes of a network. Edge computing replicates fragments of information across distributed ... computing is also referred to as mesh computing, peer to peer computing, Autonomic Computing autonomic self healing computing , grid computing, and other names implying non centralized, nodeless availability ... typically implement Edge computing by deploying Web server farm s with clustering. Previously ... business. The target end user is any Internet client making use of commercial Internet application services. Edge computing imposes certain limitations on the choices of technology platforms, applications or services, all of which need to be specifically developed or configured for edge computing. Edge computing has many advantages Edge application services significantly decrease the data volume ... costs, shrinking latency, and improving quality of service QoS . Edge computing eliminates, or at least de emphasizes, the core computing environment, limiting or removing a major bottleneck ..., real time basis extends scalability . The Edge computing market is generally based on a charge ... base. Grid computing Edge computing and Grid computing are related. Whereas Grid computing ... needs across a global grid of cheap networked machines, Edge computing provides a generic ... expensive machines. See also Grid computing Utility computing External links http www.akamai.com ... Geo Targeted Computing Alliance http www.GeoStratus.com GeoStratus.com Geo Targeted Private Content Delivery Network Platform pCDN Companies providing edge computing services Akamai Technologies Limelight ... more details
Orphan date July 2008 att July 2008 The Subscription Computing model was developed by IBM research. Providers that supply not only Access network network access and a foundation suite of applications but also the complete user environment including all customer premises equipment as a package for a monthly subscription. Global movement Subscription computing models for PC have been available in a number of countries and regions such as Mexico , Philippines , the Middle East , and Europe for several years. Telephone Companies are also able to more effectively protect the PC asset and more easily roll out new PC based subscription services. The pace of adoption by consumers will likely accelerate as network operator partners in many countries and regions launch more subscription offerings. The global infrastructure is gearing up for the predicted demand. Broadband Internet access High speed Internet service connections are being deployed aggressively, particularly in the fastest growing Market economy market economies . In these markets alone, some estimates suggest that approximately 110 million new broadband connections will come online in the next five years. References http www.research.ibm.com SubscriptionComputing IBM Research Projects Subscription Computing http www.microsoft.com whdc flexgo subscribe.mspx Microsoft FlexGo Subscription Computing http pcworld.about.com news Mar062001id43545.htm PC World article on Subscription Computing DEFAULTSORT Subscription Computing Category Computer industry ... more details
Refimprove date September 2007 Utility Computing is the packaging of Computational resource computing ... and network bandwidth into a service. This repackaging of computing services became the foundation of the shift to On Demand computing, Software as a Service and Cloud Computing models that further propagated the idea of computing, application and network as a service. There was some initial skepticism ... computing what are the odds 296135 title On demand computing What are the odds? first last date Nov 2002 accessdate Oct 2010 ref . However, the new model of computing caught and eventually became ... were early leaders in the new field of Utility Computing with their business units and researchers working on the architecture, payment and development challenges of the new computing model ... for computing, storage and applications. Utility Computing can support grid computing which ... a large number of computers. Utility computing has usually envisioned some form of Platform virtualization virtualization so that the amount of storage or computing power available is considerably larger ... on multiple computers is known as distributed computing . The term grid computing is often used to describe a particular form of distributed computing, where the supporting nodes are geographically distributed or cross administrative domain s. To provide utility computing services, a company can ... from clients. One model, common among volunteer computing applications, is for a central server ..., the paying customers . Another model, sometimes called the Virtual Organization Grid computing Virtual ... Computational resource computing resources as needed or as they go idle. The definition of utility computing is sometimes extended to specialized tasks, such as web service s. History Utility computing ... If computers of the kind I have advocated become the computers of the future, then computing may ..., often referred to as time sharing, offering computing power and database storage to banks and other ... more details
orphan date June 2010 Advert date January 2010 unreferenced date July 2010 Elastic computing is about harnessing the power of software and hardware computing resources available to today s information ... only cloud based deployment can achieve. Elastic computing also aims to improve the application .... Relationship to utility computing Elastic computing not only leverages the value of utility computing , but also overcomes its shortfalls and then goes beyond. In essence, elastic computing is a synthesis of evolutionary concepts that have emerged on the enterprise computing scene over decades prior ... computing stack at pay per use prices. The resulting value of elastic computing is enormous ... that incurs accumulative charges based on actual usage. The net result is that elastic computing ... to quickly and easily plug their applications in to available utility computing environments on a pay per use basis. History This history of elastic computing starts with the development of CPU and storage as the foundation for all computing technology, through to the rise of utility computing , a trend ... force behind each new developmental trend is the underlying need for greater computing efficiency ... for all computing technology. Dramatic increases in both CPU power and the capacity of the magnetic drives that feed data to the CPUs have made computers faster, and computing hardware increasingly ... is broadly defined as the abstraction of computing resources. It involves taking a big server ... usage of computing resources. However, servers are not always too big. Rather than being split apart, in some instances they can be too small to handle a particularly large computing task. Thus, multiple servers need to be combined to process the large scale computing needs of applications serving processes such as video transcoding or a Google search. This large scale computing need led to the development of Grid computing grid consolidation. Grid consolidation Grid computing Grid consolidation ... more details
. Another similar concept is Sideband computing which let a user to share his computing power while he is online. The term volunteer computing was coined by Luis F. G. Sarmenta, the developer of Bayanihan ...Volunteer computing is a type of distributed computing in which computer owners donate their computing ... computing project was the Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search , which was started in January 1996 ... systems for volunteer computing examples include Bayanihan, ref Sarmenta, L.F.G. Bayanihan Web Based Volunteer Computing Using Java . Lecture Notes in Computer Science 1368, Springer Verlag, 1998. pp. 444 461. Proc. of the 2nd International Conference on World Wide Computing and its Applications WWCA ..., K.E. Scheiman title SuperWeb Research issues in Java Based Global Computing booktitle Proceedings of the Workshop on Java for High performance Scientific and Engineering Computing Simulation and Modelling ... on the Web booktitle Proceedings of the 9th International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing ... computing. Examples include Popular Power , Porivo , Entropia, Inc. company Entropia , and United Devices . In 2002, the Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing BOINC opensource project was founded, and became the software running the largest public computing grid World Community ... Announcement ref Middleware for volunteer computing The client software of the early volunteer computing ... computing infrastructure. This monolithic architecture was inflexible for example, it was difficult to deploy new application versions. More recently, volunteer computing has moved to middleware systems that provide a distributed computing infrastructure independently of the scientific computation. Examples include The Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing BOINC . BOINC is the most ... computing projects including grid.org , World Community Grid , Cell Computing , and Hikari ... are behind firewalls that don t allow incoming connections. The system keeps track of each user s credit ... more details
Refimprove date November 2009 The term Trustworthy Computing TwC has been applied to computing systems ... expect it to do and not something else despite environmental disruption, human user, and operator errors .... More recently, Microsoft has adopted the term Trustworthy Computing as the title ... with skepticism by some in the computer industry . Trusted vs. Trustworthy The terms Trustworthy Computing and Trusted Computing had distinct meanings. A given system can be trustworthy but not trusted ... as one that will not fail . Trusted Computing has been defined and outlined with a set of specifications and guidelines by the Trusted Computing Platform Alliance TCPA , including secure input and output, memory curtaining, sealed storage, and remote attestation. As stated above, Trustworthy Computing ... used and accepted. History Trustworthy computing is not a new concept. The 1960s saw an increasing dependence on computing systems by the military , the space program , financial institutions and public safety organizations. The computing industry began to identify deficiencies in existing systems ..., Allen Babcock Computing identified four areas of trustworthiness that foreshadow Microsoft s. Their time ... s strategy for providing trustworthy computing concentrated on four areas An ironclad operating system ... User requested optional privacy privacy A benchmark event occurred in 1989, when 53 government and industry ... as essential to a trustworthy system. Microsoft launched its Trustworthy Computing initiative in 2002 ... activities to include a by design view of security. Microsoft and Trustworthy Computing Microsoft ... of the company s Trustworthy Computing program. Four areas were identified as the initiative s key ... of Trustworthy Computing is security. Security has always been a part of computing, but now it must ... in the expertise and technology necessary to create a secure and trustworthy computing environment ... sectors to join forces and create partnerships necessary to create and enforce secure computing ... more details
www.hpccommunity.org User forum http my.platform.com Platform Computinguser portal for downloads and commercial ...Infobox Company company name Platform Computing logo File Platform Computer logo.gif company type Private ... Computing cite web url http www.platform.com company corporate facts title Platform Computing Inc. Corporate Facts accessdate 2011 04 03 ref industry Cloud Computing , High Performance Computing , Distributed computing , Grid computing , Computer software products Platform ISF, Load Sharing Facility ... details.php?year 2011&company ID 62 title 2011 Branham300 Online Platform Computing Details accessdate 2011 04 05 ref homepage http www.platform.com www.platform.com Platform Computing ... and Asia. ref http www.platform.com company contact us Contact ref History Platform Computing was founded ... ic 107 107204.html publisher Yahoo Business title Platform Computing Inc. Company Profile accessdate 2008 10 02 ref On October 29, 2007, Platform Computing acquired the Scali Manage business from Norway ... offerings. ref cite pressrelease url http www.platform.com press releases 2007 platform computing acquires scali manage business publisher Platform Computing title Platform Computing Acquires ..., and rebranding it Platform MPI. ref cite pressrelease publisher Platform Computing url http www.platform.com press releases 2008 platform computing acquires scali mpi business title Platform Computing ... Computing announced its first piece of software to serve the cloud computing space. Platform ISF ... web url http www.platform.com press releases 2009 platform computing announces private cloud management software title Platform Computing announces private cloud management software accessdate 2009 ... press releases 2009 platform computing acquires mpi product from hp Platform Computing Acquires MPI Product from HP ref Products Platform Computing has a wide range of software products and solutions including ref cite web url http www.platform.com Products title Products Platform Computing accessdate ... more details
Unreferenced date January 2010 Physical or embedded computing , in the broadest sense, means building ... them. In the broad sense, physical computing is a creative framework for understanding human beings ... servo s, lighting or other hardware. Examples Physical computing is used in a wide variety ... and more examples of physical computing and tangible interface s as associated technologies progress. In art In the art world, projects that implement physical computing include the work of Scott Snibbe , Daniel Rozin , Rafael Lozano Hemmer and Jonah Brucker Cohen . In product design Physical computing ... a form of physical computing. Other implementations of physical computing include voice recognition ... form of camera. Haptic technology Haptic interfaces are also an example of physical computing .... In scientific applications Physical computing can also describe the fabrication and use of custom sensors ... Prototyping plays an important role in Physical Computing. Tools like Arduino and Fritzing ... reading cite book title Physical Computing Sensing and Controlling the Physical World with Computers ... 2004 ref Physical Computing, 2004 External links http www.arduino.cc Arduino , a highly popular open source physical computing platform http www.arobotineveryhome.com products.htm Arieh Robotics Project Junior . A Windows 7 based Physical Computing PC built using Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio ... . a physical computing platform by Blue Melon. This platform is visually programmable using the popular open source Pure Data system. http www.dwengo.org Dwengo , a PIC microcontroller based computing ... development tool. http itp.nyu.edu physcomp Physical Computing , http itp.nyu.edu Interactive Telecommunications ... Computing by Dan O Sullivan http www.tigoe.net pcomp Physical Computing , Tom Igoe s collection of resources, examples, and lecture notes for the physical computing courses at ITP. http www.nastypixel.com instantsoup Physical Computing , A path into electronics using an approach of learning by making ... more details
are also working to find the best way to design hands on computing devices, so that the consumer can use the product easily. Focusing on user centered design while creating hands on computing products ...Hands On Computing is a branch of Human Computer Interaction research, which focuses on computer interfaces that respond to human touch or expression, allowing the machine and the user to interact physically. Hands on computing can make complicated computer tasks more natural to users by attempting to respond to motions and interactions that are natural to human behavior. Thus hands on computing is a component of user centered design , focusing on how users physically respond to virtual environments. Implementations Keyboard computing Keyboards Stylus computing Stylus Pens and Graphics tablet Tablets ... Keyboards and typewriters are some of the earliest hands on computing devices. These devices are effective ... the user direct interaction with the computer through touch or expression. Stylus Pens and Tablets Tablets are touch sensitive surfaces that detect the pressure applied by a Stylus computing stylus ... by touching through a stylus pen, yet they do not respond directly to a user s touch. http research.microsoft.com ... in order to show a preference or a Selection user interface selection . Touchscreens allow users ... process the touch. Human Signaling New developments in Hands On Computing have led to the creation ... many problems with hands on computing interfaces that are currently being eradicated through continuing research and development. The problem of creating a simple, user friendly interface and developing it in an inexpensive and mass producible way is the main complication in hands on computing ... response is not always the desired result for the user. Different hand gestures and facial expressions can lead the computer to interpret one command, while the user wished to convey another one entirely ... has a lot of room for contributions in research and product development. Hands on computing technologies ... more details
Sentient computing is a form of ubiquitous computing which uses sensor s to perceive its environment and react accordingly. A common use of the sensors is to construct a world model which allows location aware or context aware applications to be constructed. One famous research prototype of a sentient computing system was the work at AT&T Laboratories, Cambridge now defunct . It consisted of an Ultrasonic sensor ultrasonic indoor location system called the Active Bat s which provided a location accuracy of about 3 cm. The world model was managed via the http www.uk.research.att.com spirit SPIRIT database, using CORBA to access information and spatial indexing to deliver high level events such as Alice has entered the kitchen to listening context awareness context aware applications. The research continues at the http www.cl.cam.ac.uk Research DTG Digital Technology Group at the University of Cambridge . Some example applications of the system include A follow me phone which would cause the telephone nearest the recipient to ring. Teleporting desktops via Virtual Network Computing VNC just by clicking their Active Bat near the computer. Spatial buttons which were activated by clicking the Active Bat at a particular spot such as a poster . Measuring and surveying buildings. Location based game s Context adaptation A context adaptive system typically enables the user to maintain a certain application in different forms while roaming between different wireless access technologies, locations, devices and even simultaneously executing everyday tasks like meetings, driving a car ... sensors as well as adapting the user interaction operability to the current speed, noise or operator handicaps while keeping in mind the overall applicability depending on the user preferences, his ... , The Royal Society Clifford Paterson Lecture, 1999 Sentient Computing. Philosophical Transactions, Royal ... Mobile computing Ubiquitous computing DEFAULTSORT Sentient Computing Category Multimodal interaction ... more details
Context date October 2009 Centralized computing is computing done at a central location, using Computer terminal terminals that are attached to a central computer. The computer itself may control all the peripheral s directly if they are physically connected to the central computer , or they may be attached via a terminal server . Alternatively, if the terminals have the capability, they may be able to connect to the central computer over the network. The terminals may be text terminal s or thin client s, for example. It offers greater security over Decentralized computing decentralized systems ... down, the user can simply go to another terminal and log in again, and all of their computer file ... of arrangement does have some disadvantages. The central computer performs the computing functions ... the central computer crash computing crash , the entire system will go down i.e. will be unavailable . Another disadvantage is that central computing relies heavily on the quality of administration ... advantages to centralized computing. History The very first computers did not have separate ... of floor space. The idea of centralized computing was born. Early text terminal s used electro mechanical ... televisions and computers . The text terminal model dominated computing from the 1960s until the rise ..., centralized computing is now coming back into fashion to a certain extent. Thin client s have ... s are becoming more popular because they can potentially be used on many types of computing device without ... s due to increased computing power, and web applications start to do more processing on the client ... between centralized computing and conventional desktop computing, in which some applications such as web ... desktop computer . Hosted computing model A relatively new method of centralized computing, hosted computing , solves many of the problems associated with traditional distributed computing systems ... Thin client Computer terminal Category Centralized computing Category Cloud computing es Computaci n ... more details
Social computing is a general term for an area of computer science that is concerned with the intersection .... It is used in two ways as detailed below. In the weaker sense of the term, social computing ... and other instances of what is often called social software illustrate ideas from social computing ... sense of the term, social computing has to do with supporting computations that are carried out by groups ... . Examples of social computing in this sense include collaborative filtering , online auctions , prediction .... The Social Information Processing page focuses on this sense of social computing. Social computing ..., modular content, and shared computing resources are having a profound impact on our global economy ... of Social Computing, companies must abandon top down management and communication tactics, weave communities ... Social Computing by Chris Charron, Jaap Favier, Charlene Li Forrester Research Bot generated title ref Rationale Social computing begins with the observation that humans &mdash and human ... provides a basis for inferences, planning, and coordinating activity. The premise of social computing ... by a group of people is used to provide or enhance the functioning of a system. Social computing ... computing can be defined as follows blockquote Social Computing refers to systems that support ... linked to other people. blockquote Socially intelligent computing Socially intelligent computing ... implementing aspects of social computing developed in the early 21st century. Enterprise social software main Enterprise social software Of particular interest in the realm of social computing ..., No. 3, pp. 21 28 ref a term derived from Web 2.0 , this generally refers to the use of social computing ... of making automatic predictions filtering about the interests of a user by collecting taste information ... be the earliest example of social computing in a live production environment with initially hundreds ... Champaign in 1973, when social software applications for multi user chat rooms, group message ... more details
was the responsibility of the user. Cloud computing extends this boundary to cover servers as well ...Buzzword File Cloud computing.svg 300px thumb right Cloud computing conceptual diagram Cloud computing refers to the provision of computational resources on demand via a computer network . Cloud computing ... an abstraction. Similarly, cloud computing offers computer application developers and users ... s offering of abstracted Internet services is often called The Cloud . How it works When a user accesses the cloud for a popular website, many things can happen. The user s IP address , for example, can be used to establish where the user is located geolocation . Domain Name System DNS services can then direct the user to a cluster of servers that are close to the user so the site can be accessed rapidly and in the user s local language. Users do not log in to a server, but they log in to the service ... browser . What the user sees in the browser usually comes from a cluster of web servers. The web servers run user interface software which collects commands from the user mouse clicks, key presses ... servers or file servers and an updated page is displayed to the user. The data across the multiple servers is synchronised around the world for rapid global access. Technical description Cloud computing is computation, software, data access, and storage services that do not require end user knowledge ... The lead.27s first sentence Cloud computing describes a new supplement, consumption, and delivery ... Cite web url http www.gartner.com it page.jsp?id 707508 title Gartner Says Cloud Computing Will Be As Influential ... web url http www.infoworld.com d cloud computing what cloud computing really means 031 title What cloud computing really means last Gruman first Galen date 2008 04 07 work InfoWorld accessdate 2009 06 02 ref It is a byproduct and consequence of the ease of access to remote computing sites provided ... Cloud Computing Clash of the clouds date 2009 10 15 publisher The Economist accessdate 2009 11 03 ref ... more details
Ubiquitous computing ubicomp is a post desktop model of human computer interaction in which information ... activities, someone using ubiquitous computing engages many computational devices and systems ... computing is defined as machines that fit the human environment instead of forcing humans to enter theirs. ref J. York, P.C. Pendharkar, Human computer interaction issues for mobile computing in a variable ... as pervasive computing , ambient intelligence ., ref cite book title Pervasive Computing The Mobile ... computing , the Internet of Things , haptic computing , ref cite web url http www.worldhaptics.org ... computing and for these related terms, a taxonomy of properties for ubiquitous computing has been .... ref name Poslad cite book last Poslad first Stefan title Ubiquitous Computing Smart Devices, Smart ... computing also called pervasive computing share a vision of small, inexpensive, robust networked ... common place ends. For example, a domestic ubiquitous computing environment might interconnect ... computing presents challenges across computer science in systems design and engineering, in systems modelling, and in user interface design. Contemporary human computer interaction models, whether .... This suggests that the natural interaction paradigm appropriate to a fully robust ubiquitous computing ... and potentially more useful range of Ubiquitous Computing devices. Hence, three additional forms for ubiquitous ... computing. In his model of a pervasive computing system, Castells uses the example of the Internet as the start of a pervasive computing system. The logical progression from that paradigm is a system ... the phrase ubiquitous computing around 1988, during his tenure as Chief Technologist of the Xerox ... title Ubiquitous computing date 1996 03 17 author Weiser Gold Brown date 1999 05 11 accessdate ... Ubiquitous computing date 1996 03 17 last Weiser first Mark authorlink Mark Weiser accessdate 2007 ... of Technology Georgia Tech s Georgia Institute of Technology College of Computing College of Computing ... more details
date July 2009 Prune date October 2009 Lateral computing is a lateral thinking approach to solving computing problem s. Lateral thinking has been made popular by Edward de Bono . ref name DeBono90 cite ... problems. Similarly, by applying lateral computing techniques to a problem, it can become much ... solution. The traditional or conventional approach to solving computing problems is to either ... may arrive at poor solutions. It is for problems like this that lateral computing can be useful ... computing Clarify date July 2009 Citation needed date July 2009 . This is one of the difficult tasks for traditional computing techniques, and has been efficiently solved by the use of fuzzy logic which is a lateral computing technique Citation needed date July 2009 . Lateral computing sometimes arrives at a novel solution for particular computing problem by using the model of how living beings ... thinking to lateral computing Lateral thinking is technique for creative thinking for solving problems ... has hard boundaries. Water logic, in someways, resembles fuzzy logic . Transition to lateral computing Lateral computing does a provocative use of information processing similar to lateral thinking. This is explained with the use of evolutionary computing which is a very useful lateral computing technique ... processing and provides a new avenue for generating better solutions for the computing problem. Lateral computing takes the analogies from real world examples such as How slow cooling of the hot gaseous ... by evolutionary computing How living organisms defend themselves against diseases and heal their wounds How electricity is distributed by grids Differentiating factors of lateral computing Does not directly ... to solve the problem. Radically different from what is in vogue, such as using photons for computing in optical computing. This is rare as most conventional computers use electrons to carry signals. Sometimes the Lateral Computing techniques are surprisingly simple and deliver high performance solutions ... more details
of the web 1743947.html ref Usage Developers may create user interface s made to be as simple as possible by eliminating Button computing button s and dialog box es that may potentially confuse the user ...In computing, minimalism refers to the application of minimalist philosophies and principles in hardware and software design and usage. History In the 1950s some mainframes had only 1,000 characters of memory. In the 1960s, mainframes had 4 to 64 Kilobytes of storage. In the late 1970s and early 1980s, with the earliest generations of personal computers, programmers had to work with the confines of relatively expensive and limited Resource computer science resources . 8 or 16 Kilobytes of RAM was common, 64K was considered a vast amount and was the address limit of the 8 bit CPUs of the day. Expansion beyond 64K would require bank switching . Storage capacities ranged from 88K floppy disks to very expensive 10 Megabyte hard drives. Personal computer memories have expanded by orders of magnitude over time, where system requirements remained the same for legacy software as it aged, making even the most elaborate, featureful programs of yesteryear seem minimalist in comparison with current ... 21st century, changing applications for computing devices have brought minimalism to the forefront. It is no longer necessary to buy a high end desktop personal computer merely to perform common computing ... of the hardware device or Theme computing software theme . John Millar Carroll, in his book Minimalism ... machine ATMs , and electronic kiosk mall kiosk s that do not require the user to read manuals. ref ... 11 21 year 1998 publisher MIT Press location Cambridge, Mass. ref User Interface researchers have ... and transparency computing transparency , bolsters efficiency and learnability. ref Cite journal ... journal Personal and Ubiquitous Computing publisher Springer volume 8 issue 5 pages 370 373 url http ... Computing Category Classes of computers fr Minimalisme informatique it Minimalismo informatica ... more details
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