MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Uridinediphosphateglucose uracil diphosphateglucose , Uridinediphosphate UDP glucose is a nucleotide sugar . It is involved in glycosyltransferase reactions in metabolism . Functions It is used in nucleotide sugars metabolism as an activated form of glucose as a substrate ... polysaccharide s containing galactose and glucuronic acid . UDP glucose can also be used as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharide s, and glycosphingolipid s. Components UDP glucose consists of the pyrophosphate Functional group group , the pentose sugar ribose , glucose , and the nucleobase uracil . References reflist See also Nucleoside Nucleotide DNA RNA Oligonucleotide Uracil Uridinediphosphate TDP glucose Nucleotide sugars Fructose and galactose metabolic intermediates Category ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Chembox verifiedrevid 384066647 ImageFile Uridindiphosphat protoniert.svg ImageSize IUPACName Uridine 5 trihydrogen diphosphate OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 58 98 0 CASNo Ref cascite PubChem 1158 IUPHAR ligand 1749 SMILES MeSHName Uridine diphosphate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 9 sub H sub 14 sub N sub 2 sub O sub 12 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 404.161 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Uridine diphosphate , abbreviated UDP , is a nucleotide . It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine . UDP consists of the pyrophosphate Functional group group , the pentose sugar ribose , and the nucleobase uracil . See also Nucleoside Nucleotide DNA RNA Oligonucleotide UGGT Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides DEFAULTSORT Uridine Diphosphate Category Nucleotides Category Pyrimidinediones Biochem stub ca Difosfat d uridina da Uridindifosfat de Uridindiphosphat es Uridina difosfato nl Uridinedifosfaat ja pl Urydynodifosforan sr Uridin difosfat fi Uridiinidifosfaatti zh ... more details
DISPLAYTITLE Uridinediphosphate N acetylglucosamine Chembox Name Uridinediphosphate N acetylglucosamine ImageFile UDP N acetylglucosamine.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName 2 R ,3 R ,4 R ,5 S ,6 R 3 acetamido 4,5 dihydroxy 6 hydroxymethyl oxan 2 yl nowiki nowiki 2 R ,3 S ,4 R ,5 R 5 2,4 dioxopyrimidin 1 yl 3,4 dihydroxyoxolan 2 yl methoxy hydroxyphosphoryl hydrogen phosphate OtherNames UDP N acetylglucosamine UDP GlcNAc Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 7277 98 7 PubChem 445675 SMILES CC O N C H 1 C H C H C H O C H 1OP O O OP O O OC C H 2 C H C H C H O2 N3C CC O NC3 O O O CO O O Section2 Chembox Properties C 17 H 27 N 3 O 17 P 2 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Uridinediphosphate N acetylglucosamine or UDP GlcNAc is a nucleotide sugar and a coenzyme in metabolism . It is used by glycosyltransferase s to transfer N Acetylglucosamine N acetylglucosamine residues to substrates. small D small Glucosamine is made naturally in the form of glucosamine 6 phosphate, and is the biochemical precursor of all amino sugar nitrogen containing sugars . ref cite journal doi 10.1074 jbc.R100053200 last1 Roseman first1 S title Reflections on glycobiology url http www.jbc.org cgi content full 276 45 41527 journal The Journal of biological chemistry volume 276 issue 45 pages 41527 42 year 2001 pmid 11553646 ref To be specific, glucosamine 6 phosphate is synthesized from fructose 6 phosphate and glutamine ref cite journal author1 Sudhamoy Ghosh last2 Blumenthal first2 HJ last3 Davidson first3 E last4 Roseman first4 S title Glucosamine Metabolism url http www.jbc.org cgi reprint 235 5 1265 journal Journal of Biological Chemistry volume 235 issue 5 pages 1265 date 1960 05 01 pmid 13827775 ref as the first step of the hexosamine biosynthesis pathway. ref http www.chem.qmul.ac.uk iubmb enzyme reaction polysacc UDPGlcN.html ... to be part of the glucose sensing mechanism. There is also evidence that it plays a part in Insulin ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 402840353 ImageFile UDP glucuronic acid.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1 C9H12N2O6.C6H12O13P2 c12 3 4 6 14 7 15 8 17 4 11 2 1 5 13 10 9 11 16 7 1 2 18 20 12,13 14 5 19 21 15,16 17 3 8 4 9 6 10 11 h1 2,4,6 8,12,14 15H,3H2, H,10,13,16 1 5,8 9H, H,10,11 H2,12,13,14 H2,15,16,17 p 4 t4 ,6 ,7 ,8 2 ,3 ,4 ,5 m10 s1 InChIKey GIFKDHYZEJQSDD DNQFPBLIBB StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C9H12N2O6.C6H12O13P2 c12 3 4 6 14 7 15 8 17 4 11 2 1 5 13 10 9 11 16 7 1 2 18 20 12,13 14 5 19 21 15,16 17 3 8 4 9 6 10 11 h1 2,4,6 8,12,14 15H,3H2, H,10,13,16 1 5,8 9H, H,10,11 H2,12,13,14 H2,15,16,17 p 4 t4 ,6 ,7 ,8 2 ,3 ,4 ,5 m10 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey GIFKDHYZEJQSDD BZYIUNRFSA J CASNo 2616 64 0 PubChem 17473 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 19951236 IUPHAR ligand 1784 SMILES OC O C H O C H O C H OP O O O C H C O OP O O O.O C 1NC O N C C 1 C H 2O C H CO C H O C H 2O MeSHName UDP glucuronic acid Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 15 sub H sub 22 sub N sub 2 sub O sub 18 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 580.285 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition UDP glucuronic acid is a sugar used in the creation of polysaccharide s and is an intermediate in the biosynthesis of ascorbic acid except in primate s and guinea pig s . It is made from UDP glucose by UDP glucose 6 dehydrogenase EC 1.1.1.22 using NAD as a cofactor. It is the source of the glucuronosyl group in glucuronosyltransferase reactions. See also glucuronic acid Uridine diphosphate UDP Nucleotide sugars Category Organophosphates Category Glycosides Category Coenzymes Category Nucleotides biochem stub ja fi UDP glukuronihappo ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 402840143 ImageFile UDP Galactose.svg ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers InChI 1 C9H12N2O6.C6H14O12P2 c12 3 4 6 14 7 15 8 17 4 11 2 1 5 13 10 9 11 16 7 1 3 9 5 10 6 18 20 14,15 16 4 2 8 17 19 11,12 13 h1 2,4,6 8,12,14 15H,3H2, H,10,13,16 2 7,9 10H,1H2, H2,11,12,13 H2,14,15,16 p 4 t4 ,6 ,7 ,8 3 ,4 ,5 ,6 m11 s1 InChIKey UYLAOKYVSPTOGT HUYLZDLQBS StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C9H12N2O6.C6H14O12P2 c12 3 4 6 14 7 15 8 17 4 11 2 1 5 13 10 9 11 16 7 1 3 9 5 10 6 18 20 14,15 16 4 2 8 17 19 11,12 13 h1 2,4,6 8,12,14 15H,3H2, H,10,13,16 2 7,9 10H,1H2, H2,11,12,13 H2,14,15,16 p 4 t4 ,6 ,7 ,8 3 ,4 ,5 ,6 m11 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey UYLAOKYVSPTOGT UESRDHDISA J CASNo 2956 16 3 PubChem 1166 ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 19951534 SMILES OC C H O C H O C H OP O O O C H C O OP O O O.O C 1NC O N C C 1 C H 2O C H CO C H O C H 2O MeSHName Uridine diphosphate galactose Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 15 sub H sub 24 sub N sub 2 sub O sub 17 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 566.302 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Uridine diphosphate galactose Uridine diphosphate UDP galactose is an intermediate in the production of polysaccharide s. It is important in nucleotide sugars metabolism , and is the substrate for the transferase B4GALT5 . See also UDP galactose epimerase uridine diphosphate galactose Category Coenzymes Category Nucleotides biochem stub Fructose and galactose metabolic intermediates ja ... more details
Chembox ImageFile Thymidine diphosphate glucose.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName nowiki nowiki 2 R ,3 S ,5 R 3 hydroxy 5 5 methyl 2,4 dioxopyrimidin 1 yl oxolan 2 yl methoxy oxidophosphoryl 2 R ,3 R ,4 S ,5 S ,6 R 3,4,5 trihydroxy 6 hydroxymethyl oxan 2 yl hydrogen phosphate OtherNames TDP glucose dTDP glucose Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 2196 62 5 PubChem 25202390 SMILES CC1 CN C O NC1 O C H 2C C H C H O2 COP O O OP O O O C H 3 C H C H C H C H O3 CO O O O O Section2 Chembox Properties C 16 H 26 N 2 O 16 P 2 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Thymidine diphosphateglucose often abbreviated dTDP glucose or TDP glucose is a nucleotide linked sugar consisting of thymidine diphosphate deoxythymidine diphosphate linked to glucose . It is the starting compound for the syntheses of many deoxysugar s. ref name Liu cite journal doi 10.1146 annurev.biochem.71.110601.135339 author Xue M. He and Hung wen Liu title Formation of unusual sugars Mechanistic studies and biosynthetic applications journal Annu Rev Biochem volume 71 issue pages 701 754 year 2002 pmid 12045109 ref Biosynthesis DTDP glucose is produced by the enzyme glucose 1 phosphate thymidylyltransferase and is synthesized from dTTP and glucose 1 phosphate . Pyrophosphate is a byproduct of the reaction. Uses within the cell DTDP glucose goes on to form a variety of compounds in nucleotide sugars metabolism . Many bacteria utilize dTDP glucose to form exotic sugars that are incorporated into their lipopolysaccharide s or into secondary metabolites such as antibiotics . During the syntheses of many of these exotic sugars, dTDP glucose undergoes a combined oxidation reduction reaction via the enzyme dTDP glucose 4,6 dehydratase , producing dTDP 4 keto 6 deoxy glucose. ref name Liu ref name Reeves cite journal author Samuel G, Reeves P title Biosynthesis of O antigens genes and pathways involved in nucleotide sugar precursor synthesis and O antigen ... more details
Chembox ImageFile Cytidine diphosphate glucose.png ImageSize 200px IUPACName nowiki nowiki 2 R ,3 S ,4 R ,5 R 5 4 amino 2 oxopyrimidin 1 yl 3,4 dihydroxyoxolan 2 yl methoxy hydroxyphosphoryl 2 R ,3 R ,4 S ,5 S ,6 R 3,4,5 trihydroxy 6 hydroxymethyl oxan 2 yl hydrogen phosphate OtherNames CDP glucose Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 2906 23 2 PubChem 439244 SMILES C1 CN C O N C1N C H 2 C H C H C H O2 COP O O OP O O O C H 3 C H C H C H C H O3 CO O O O O O Section2 Chembox Properties C 15 H 25 N 3 O 16 P 2 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Cytidine diphosphateglucose , often abbreviated CDP glucose , is a nucleotide linked sugar consisting of cytidine diphospahte and glucose. ref name Reeves cite journal author Samuel G, Reeves P title Biosynthesis of O antigens genes and pathways involved in nucleotide sugar precursor synthesis and O antigen assembly journal Carbohydr. Res. volume 338 issue 23 pages 2503 19 year 2003 pmid 14670712 doi 10.1016 j.carres.2003.07.009 ref ref name Liu cite journal doi 10.1146 annurev.biochem.71.110601.135339 author Xue M. He and Hung wen Liu title Formation of unusual sugars Mechanistic studies and biosynthetic applications journal Annu Rev Biochem volume 71 issue pages 701 754 year 2002 pmid 12045109 ref Biosynthesis CDP glucose is produced from cytidine triphosphate CTP and glucose 1 phosphate by the enzyme glucose 1 phosphate cytidylyltransferase . References reflist Nucleotide sugars Category biochemistry Category nucleotides ... more details
in a reaction with UDP glucose, a glucose molecule bonded to a UDP uridine di phosphate molecule ...chembox verifiedrevid 407587952 ImageFile Uridin.svg ImageSize 150px IUPACName uridine OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 58 96 8 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS PubChem SMILES O C1NC O N C C1 C H 2O C H CO C H O C H 2O MeSHName Uridine Section2 Chembox Properties C 9 H 12 N 2 O 6 MolarMass 244.20 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Uridine is a molecule known as a nucleoside that is formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ... to a deoxyribose ring, it is known as a deoxyuridine . Dietary sources of uridineUridine is one ... . Upon digestion of foods containing RNA, uridine is released from RNA and is absorbed intact in the gut. Some common food sources of uridine are Sugarcane extract ref http www.thebody.com content art30244.html Thebody.com ref Tomatoes 0.5 to 1.0 g uridine per kilogram dry weight ref http www.aseanfood.info Articles 11018411.pdf Aseanfood.info ref Brewer s yeast 3 uridine by dry weight ... Z, Ka T, Fukuchi M, Hada T title Effect of beer on the plasma concentrations of uridine and purine bases ... provide adequate uridine for improved health with minimal side effects. Citation needed date ... in rats with a combination of uridine and EPA DHA omega 3 fatty acids has antidepressant ... BM, Renshaw PF title Antidepressant like effects of uridine and omega 3 fatty acids are potentiated ... February pmid 15705349 doi 10.1016 j.biopsych.2004.11.038 url ref Uridine in the Glycolysis Pathway Uridine plays a role in the glycolysis pathway of galactose . ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov bookshelf ... galactose. Therefore, galactose is converted to glucose and metabolized in the common glucose ... the UDP to the galactose molecule. The end result is a UDP galactose molecule and a glucose 1 ... Uridine it Uridina lt Uridinas nl Uridine ja oc Uridina pl Urydyna pt Uridina sr Uridin sv Uridin ... more details
about the naturally occurring small D small form of glucose the small L small form L Glucose Chembox Verifiedfields changed Watchedfields changed verifiedrevid 397909057 Name small D small glucose ImageFile1 Glucose chain structure.svg ImageSize1 180 ImageCaption1 ImageFile2 D glucose chain 3D balls.png ImageSize2 180 ImageCaption2 PIN D glucose SystematicName 2 R ,3 S ,4 R ,5 R 2,3,5,4,6 Pentahydroxyhexanal OtherNames Blood sugar br Dextrose br Corn sugar br small D small Glucose br Grape sugar ... EINECS 200 075 1 MeSHName Glucose ChEBI 4167 KEGG Ref keggcite correct kegg KEGG C00031 RTECS LZ6600000 ... cccda sl solubility allsolvents.php?solute D glucose title Solubility of D glucose in non aqueous ... MeltingPt small D small glucose 146 C br small D small glucose 150 C Density 1.54 g cm sup ... D glucose at temperatures from 10K to 340K journal J. Chem. Thermodynam. year 1991 volume ... D glucose or dextrose, as noted in the hatnote at the top. The article is NOT about the term Glucose or its denotations. Keep the intro simple. Glucose IPA en glu ko z pron C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub , also known as small D small glucose , dextrose , or grape sugar is a simple sugar ... and a metabolic intermediate. Glucose is one of the main products of photosynthesis and starts cellular respiration . Glucose exists in several different structures, but all of these structures ... in nature, those derived from the right handed form of glucose, denoted small D small glucose. small D small glucose is often referred to as dextrose. The term dextrose is derived from dextrorotatory glucose . ref citation contribution dextrose url http www.m w.com dictionary dextrose title Merriam ... of small D small glucose. The other stereoisomer, called L glucose small L small glucose , is hardly found in nature. The name glucose comes from the Greek language Greek word glukus lang el ... Glucose is a monosaccharide with formula C sub 6 sub H sub 12 sub O sub 6 sub or H C O CHOH sub ... more details
enzyme Name uridine kinase EC number 2.7.1.48 CAS number 9026 39 5 IUBMB EC number 2 7 1 48 GO code 0004849 image width caption In enzymology , an uridine kinase EC number 2.7.1.48 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP uridine math rightleftharpoons math ADP UMP Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and uridine , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and uridine monophosphate UMP . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring phosphorus containing groups phosphotransferase s with an alcohol group as acceptor. The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP uridine 5 phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include pyrimidine ribonucleoside kinase , uridine cytidine kinase , uridine kinase phosphorylating , and uridine phosphokinase . This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 8 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1UDW , PDB link 1UEI , PDB link 1UEJ , PDB link 1UFQ , PDB link 1UJ2 , PDB link 1XRJ , PDB link 2JEO , and PDB link 2UVQ . References reflist 1 cite journal author Orengo A date 1969 title Regulation of enzymic activity by metabolites. I. Uridine cytidine kinase of Novikoff ascites rat tumor journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 244 pages 2204&ndash 9 pmid 5782006 issue 8 cite journal author Skold O date 1960 title Uridine kinase from Erlich ascites tumor purification and properties journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 235 pages 3273&ndash 3279 enzyme stub Category EC 2.7.1 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Chembox verifiedrevid 413100674 ImageFile Uridintriphosphat2.svg ImageSize IUPACName 2R,3S,4R,5R 5 2,4 dioxopyrimidin 1 yl 3,4 dihydroxyoxolan 2 yl methyl hydroxy phosphonooxyphosphoryl hydrogen phosphate OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 63 39 8 CASNo Ref cascite PubChem 1181 SMILES MeSHName Uridine triphosphate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 9 sub H sub 15 sub N sub 2 sub O sub 15 sub P sub 3 sub MolarMass 484.141 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Section3 Chembox Hazards Solubility MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Uridine 5 triphosphate UTP is a pyrimidine nucleotide , consisting of the organic base uracil linked to the 1 carbon of the ribose sugar, and esterified with tri phosphoric acid at the 5 position. Its main role is as substrate for the synthesis of RNA during transcription genetics transcription . Role in metabolism UTP also has the role of a source of energy or an activator of substrates in metabolic reactions, like that of Adenosine Triphosphate ATP , but more specific. When UTP activates a substrate, UDP substrate is usually formed and inorganic phosphate is released. UDP glucose enters the synthesis of glycogen . UTP is used in the metabolism of galactose , where the activated form UDP galactose is converted to UDP glucose. UDP glucuronate is used to conjugate bilirubin to a more water soluble bilirubin diglucuronide . See also CTP synthase Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides DEFAULTSORT Uridine Triphosphate Category Nucleotides Category Gene expression Category Metabolism Category Pyrimidinediones Biochem stub ca Trifosfat d uridina cs Uridintrifosf t da Uridintrifosfat de Uridintriphosphat es Uridina trifosfato fr Uridine triphosphate it Uridintrifosfato nl Uridinetrifosfaat ja sr Uridin trifosfat zh ... more details
fed supplements of uridine monophosphate, choline, and docosahexaenoic acid DHA were found to have ... ref Uridine Monophosphate in Foods In brain research studies such as those mentioned in this article, uridine monophosphate is used as a convenient delivery compound for uridine . Uridine is the active ingredient of the compound. A common misconception is that uridine and its compounds are not available ... drugs. This is not so. Uridine monophosphate is a major component of RNA . Any food rich in RNA ... information, consult the article on uridine . References reflist See also Nucleoside Nucleotide DNA ... biochem stub ca Monofosfat d uridina da Uridinmonofosfat de Uridinmonophosphat fr Uridine monophosphate ... more details
enzyme Name uridine nucleosidase EC number 3.2.2.3 CAS number 9025 47 2 IUBMB EC number 3 2 2 3 GO code 0045437 image width caption In enzymology , an uridine nucleosidase EC number 3.2.2.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction uridine H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math D ribose uracil Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are uridine and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its two product chemistry products are D ribose and uracil . This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolase s, specifically those glycosylases that hydrolyse N glycosyl compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is uridine ribohydrolase . This enzyme is also called uridine hydrolase . This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 23 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1EMH , PDB link 1EMJ , PDB link 1EUG , PDB link 1FLZ , PDB link 1OKB , PDB link 1SSP , PDB link 1UDG , PDB link 1UDH , PDB link 1UDI , PDB link 1UGH , PDB link 1UUG , PDB link 1YUO , PDB link 2BOO , PDB link 2C53 , PDB link 2C56 , PDB link 2EUG , PDB link 2J8X , PDB link 2SSP , PDB link 2UUG , PDB link 3EUG , PDB link 4EUG , PDB link 4SKN , and PDB link 5EUG . References reflist 1 cite journal author Carter CE date 1951 title Partial purification of a non phosphorylytic uridine nucleosidase from yeast journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. volume 73 pages 1508&ndash 1510 doi 10.1021 ja01148a028 hydrolase stub Category EC 3.2.2 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
enzyme Name uridine phosphorylase EC number 2.4.2.3 CAS number 9030 22 2 IUBMB EC number 2 4 2 3 GO code 0004850 image width caption In enzymology , an uridine phosphorylase EC number 2.4.2.3 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction uridine phosphate math rightleftharpoons math uracil alpha D ribose 1 phosphate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are uridine and phosphate , whereas its two product chemistry products are uracil and alpha D ribose 1 phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferase s, specifically the pentosyltransferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is uridine phosphate alpha D ribosyltransferase . Other names in common use include pyrimidine phosphorylase , UrdPase , UPH , and UPase . This enzyme participates in pyrimidine metabolism . Structural studies As of late 2007, 27 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1K3F , PDB link 1LX7 , PDB link 1RXC , PDB link 1RXS , PDB link 1RXU , PDB link 1RXY , PDB link 1RYZ , PDB link 1SJ9 , PDB link 1SQ6 , PDB link 1T0U , PDB link 1TGV , PDB link 1TGY , PDB link 1U1C , PDB link 1U1D , PDB link 1U1E , PDB link 1U1F , PDB link 1U1G , PDB link 1Y1Q , PDB link 1Y1R , PDB link 1Y1S , PDB link 1Y1T , PDB link 1ZL2 , PDB link 2HN9 , PDB link 2HRD , PDB link 2HSW , PDB link 2HWU , and PDB link 2I8A . References reflist 1 cite journal author CANELLAKIS ES date 1957 title Pyrimidine metabolism. II. Enzymatic pathways of uracil anabolism journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 227 pages 329&ndash 38 pmid 13449076 issue 1 cite journal author PAEGE LM, SCHLENK F date 1952 title Bacterial uracil riboside phosphorylase journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 40 pages 42&ndash 9 pmid 12997187 doi 10.1016 0003 9861 52 90071 4 issue 1 cite journal author Pontis H, Degerstedt G and Reichard P date 1961 title Uridine and deoxyuridine phosphorylases from Ehrlich ascites tumor journal ... more details
chembox ImageFile dTDP chemical structure.png ImageSize 197 IUPACName 2R,3S,5R 3 hydroxy br 5 5 methyl 2,4 dioxopyrimidin br 1 yl oxolan 2 yl methyl phosphono hydrogen phosphate OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 1861 44 5 PubChem 164628 SMILES CC1 CN C O NC1 O C H 2C C H C H O2 COP O O OP O O O O MeSHName Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 16 sub N sub 2 sub O sub 12 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 402.19 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxythymidine diphosphate , abbreviated TDP , is a nucleotide . It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside thymidine . TDP consists of the pyrophosphate Functional group group , the pentose sugar ribose , and the nucleobase thymine . clear See also Nucleoside Nucleotide DNA RNA Oligonucleotide Thymidine diphosphate glucose dTDP glucose External links Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides biochem stub ca Difosfat de timidina nl Thymidinedifosfaat ja sr Timidin difosfat zh ... more details
to ATP. ref name emc.maricopa.edu Animals use the energy released in the breakdown of glucose and other ... diphosphate ga D fhosf it adan is n ko hr Adenozin difosfat id Adenosina difosfat it Adenosina ... Adenosine diphosphate sr sh Adenozin difosfat fi Adenosiinidifosfaatti sv Adenosindifosfat tr Adenozin difosfat uk ur Adenosine diphosphate vi Adenosine diphosphate ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2006 Chembox verifiedrevid 413260782 ImageFile 2 Desoxycytidindiphosphat.svg ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 800 73 7 PubChem 3972 SMILES Nc1ccn C2CC O C COP O O OP O O O O2 c O n1 MeSHName deoxycytidine diphosphate Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 9 sub H sub 15 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 10 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 387.177 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxycytidine diphosphate is a derivative of the common nucleic acid , cytidine triphosphate or CTP , in which the hydroxyl or OH group on the 2nd carbon of the nucleotide s pentose has been removed hence the deoxy part of the name. The diphosphate of the name indicates that one of the phosphorus phosphoryl groups of CTP has been removed, most likely by hydrolysis . Deoxyguanosine diphosphate would be abbreviated dCDP. See also DNA Cofactor biochemistry Cofactor Cytosine Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides DEFAULTSORT Deoxycytidine Diphosphate Category Nucleotides Biochem stub ca Difosfat de desoxicitidina nl Deoxycytidinedifosfaat sr Dezoksicitidin difosfat zh ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Chembox verifiedrevid 413260803 ImageFile DGDP chemical structure.png ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo PubChem 644 SMILES C1C C OC1N2C NC3 C2NC NC3 O N COP O O OP O O O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 15 sub N sub 5 sub O sub 10 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 427.201122 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxyguanosine diphosphate is a derivative of the common nucleic acid GTP, or guanosine triphosphate , in which the OH hydroxyl group on the 2 carbon on the nucleotide s pentose has been removed hence the deoxy part of the name . The diphosphate of the name indicates that one of the phosphate phosphoryl groups of GTP has been removed, most likely by hydrolysis . Deoxyguanosine diphosphate is abbreviated dGDP. See also Nucleic acid DNA metabolism Cofactor biochemistry Cofactor Guanosine Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides DEFAULTSORT Deoxyguanosine Diphosphate Category Nucleotides ca Difosfat de desoxiguanosina nl Deoxyguanosinedifosfaat sr Dezoksiguanozin difosfat zh ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 413258262 ImageFile DADP chemical structure.png ImageSize IUPACName nowiki 5 6 aminopurin 9 yl 3 hydroxyoxolan 2 yl methyl phosphono hydrogen nowiki OtherNames dADP Reference ref http pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov summary summary.cgi?cid 620 dADP Compound Summary , PubChem . ref Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 2793 06 8 PubChem 620 MeSHName Deoxyadenosine diphosphate SMILES C1C C OC1N2C NC3 C2N CN C3N COP O O OP O O O O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 15 sub N sub 5 sub O sub 9 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 411.201722 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Deoxyadenosine diphosphate is a derivative of the common nucleic acid ATP, or adenosine triphosphate , in which the OH hydroxyl group on the 2 carbon on the nucleotide s pentose has been removed hence the deoxy part of the name . Additionally, the diphosphate of the name indicates that one of the phosphoryl groups of ATP has been removed, most likely by hydrolysis . Deoxyadenosine diphosphate would be abbreviated dADP. See also Cofactor biochemistry Cofactor Guanosine Cyclic adenosine monophosphate References reflist Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides ca Difosfat de desoxiadenosina nl Deoxyadenosinedifosfaat sr Dezoksiadenozin difosfat zh ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 413111496 ImageFile GDP chemical structure.png ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers CASNo 146 91 8 PubChem 730 IUPHAR ligand 2410 SMILES C1 NC2 C N1C3C C C O3 COP O O OP O O O O O NC NC2 O N Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 10 sub H sub 15 sub N sub 5 sub O sub 11 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 443.200522 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Guanosine diphosphate , abbreviated GDP , is a nucleotide . It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside guanosine . GDP consists of the pyrophosphate Functional group group , the pentose sugar ribose , and the nucleobase guanine . GDP is the product of guanosine triphosphate GTP dephosphorylation by GTPase s, e.g., the G protein s that are involved in signal transduction . GDP is converted into GTP with the help of pyruvate kinase and phosphoenolpyruvate. See also Nucleoside Nucleotide DNA RNA Oligonucleotide Guanosine triphosphate Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides biochem stub Category Nucleotides Category Purines cs Guanosindifosf t da Guanosindifosfat de Guanosindiphosphat es Guanos n difosfato fr Guanosine diphosphate it Guanosindifosfato nl Guanosinedifosfaat ja oc Guanosina difosfat pl Guanozynodifosforan pt Guanosina difosfato ru sr Guanozin difosfat fi Guanosiinidifosfaatti sv Guanosindifosfat zh ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 414402383 ImageFile Cytidindiphosphat protoniert.svg ImageSize IUPACName OtherNames Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 5902 InChI 1 C9H15N3O11P2 c10 5 1 2 12 9 15 11 5 8 7 14 6 13 4 22 8 3 21 25 19,20 23 24 16,17 18 h1 2,4,6 8,13 14H,3H2, H,19,20 H2,10,11,15 H2,16,17,18 t4 ,6 ,7 ,8 m1 s1 InChIKey ZWIADYZPOWUWEW XVFCMESIBF ChEMBL Ref ebicite correct EBI ChEMBL 425252 StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C9H15N3O11P2 c10 5 1 2 12 9 15 11 5 8 7 14 6 13 4 22 8 3 21 25 19,20 23 24 16,17 18 h1 2,4,6 8,13 14H,3H2, H,19,20 H2,10,11,15 H2,16,17,18 t4 ,6 ,7 ,8 m1 s1 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey ZWIADYZPOWUWEW XVFCMESISA N CASNo 63 38 7 CASNo Ref cascite correct CAS CASOther br 34393 59 4 disodium salt NOT CAS verified PubChem 290 SMILES O P O O OP O O OC C H 2O C H N 1C O N C N C C 1 C H O C H 2O Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 9 sub H sub 15 sub N sub 3 sub O sub 11 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 403.176422 Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Cytidine diphosphate , abbreviated CDP , is a nucleotide . It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside cytidine . CDP consists of the pyrophosphate Functional group group , the pentose sugar ribose , and the nucleobase cytosine . See also Nucleoside Nucleotide DNA RNA Oligonucleotide External links Nucleobases, nucleosides, and nucleotides Category Nucleotides Category Pyrimidones biochem stub ca Difosfat de citidina da Cytidindifosfat de Cytidindiphosphat it Citosindifosfato nl Cytidinedifosfaat ja sr Citidin difosfat zh ... more details
chembox verifiedrevid 400861676 ImageFile Prephytoene diphosphate.png ImageSize 250px IUPACName 1 R ,2 R ,3 R 2 methyl 3 1 E ,5 E ,9 E 2,6,10,14 tetramethylpentadeca 1,5,9,13 tetraenyl 2 3 E ,7 E 4,8,12 trimethyltrideca 3,7,11 trienyl cyclopropyl methyl phosphono hydrogen phosphate OtherNames Prephytoene pyrophosphate Section1 Chembox Identifiers ChemSpiderID Ref chemspidercite correct chemspider ChemSpiderID 4517882 InChI 1 C40H68O7P2 c1 31 2 17 11 19 33 5 21 13 23 35 7 25 15 26 37 9 29 38 39 30 46 49 44,45 47 48 41,42 43 40 38,10 28 16 27 36 8 24 14 22 34 6 20 12 18 32 3 4 h17 18,21 22,25,27,29,38 39H,11 16,19 20,23 24,26,28,30H2,1 10H3, H,44,45 H2,41,42,43 b33 21 ,34 22 ,35 25 ,36 27 ,37 29 InChIKey RVCNKTPCHZNAAO QKUGLALCBM StdInChI Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChI 1S C40H68O7P2 c1 31 2 17 11 19 33 5 21 13 23 35 7 25 15 26 37 9 29 38 39 30 46 49 44,45 47 48 41,42 43 40 38,10 28 16 27 36 8 24 14 22 34 6 20 12 18 32 3 4 h17 18,21 22,25,27,29,38 39H,11 16,19 20,23 24,26,28,30H2,1 10H3, H,44,45 H2,41,42,43 b33 21 ,34 22 ,35 25 ,36 27 ,37 29 StdInChIKey Ref stdinchicite correct chemspider StdInChIKey RVCNKTPCHZNAAO QKUGLALCSA N CASNo 38005 61 7 PubChem 5365949 SMILES O P O O OP O O OCC1C C C C CC C C C CC C C C CC C C C C C1 CC C C CC C C C CC C C C C C C Section2 Chembox Properties Formula C sub 40 sub H sub 68 sub O sub 7 sub P sub 2 sub MolarMass 722.91 g mol Appearance Density MeltingPt BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Prephytoene diphosphate is a carotenoid precursor. organic compound stub Cholesterol and steroid intermediates Category Carotenoids Category Organophosphates Category Cyclopropanes ... more details
mutase isomerase . Glucose 1 phosphate can then be combined with uridine triphosphate UTP to form ...chembox verifiedrevid 396144780 ImageFileL1 Glucose 6 Phosphate.svg ImageFileR1 Beta D glucose 6 phosphate ... CAS CASNo 56 73 5 PubChem 208 SMILES O C H 1 C H O C H COP O O O OC O C H 1O MeSHName Glucose 6 phosphate ... Glucose 6 phosphate also known as Robison ester is glucose sugar phosphorylated on carbon 6. This compound is very common in cell biology cells as the vast majority of glucose entering a cell will become phosphorylated in this way. Because of its prominent position in cellular chemistry , glucose ... pathway s Glycolysis Pentose phosphate pathway In addition to these metabolic pathways, glucose 6 ... granules for most other organisms. Production of glucose 6 phosphate From glucose Within a cell, glucose 6 phosphate is produced by phosphorylation of glucose on the sixth carbon. This is catalyzed ... Reaction foward enzyme Hexokinase reverse enzyme substrate small D small Glucose product small D small Glucose 6 phosphate reaction direction foward reversible reverse foward minor foward substrate s adenosine triphosphate ATP minor foward product s adenosine diphosphate ADP minor reverse substrate s minor reverse product s substrate image D glucose wpmp.png product image Alpha D glucose ... The major reason for the immediate phosphorylation of glucose is to prevent diffusion out of the cell. The phosphorylation adds a charged phosphate group so the glucose 6 phosphate cannot easily cross the cell membrane . From glycogen Glucose 6 phosphate is also produced during glycogenolysis from glucose 1 phosphate , the first product of the breakdown of glycogen polymers. Pentose phosphate ... . This will cause the G6P to be dehydrogenated by glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase . This reversible ... skeletons for synthesis then glucose 6 phosphate is targeted for glycolysis . Glucose 6 phosphate ... Glucose 6 phosphate product small D small Fructose 6 phosphate reaction direction foward reversible ... more details
Image Beta D Glucose.svg thumb GlucoseGlucose transporters GLUT or SLC2A family are a family of membrane protein s found in most mammal mammalian cell s. Function Glucose is an essential substrate for the metabolism of most cell biology cells . Because glucose is a Chemical polarity polar molecule, transport ... Transport cotransporters Transport of glucose through the apical membrane of intestine intestinal and kidney epithelial cell s depends on the presence of secondary active Sodium glucose transport proteins Na glucose symporter s, SGLT 1 and SGLT 2, which concentrate glucose inside the cells, using the energy ... journal author Hediger M, Rhoads D title Molecular physiology of sodium glucose cotransporters journal ... Facilitated diffusion of glucose through the cellular membrane is otherwise catalyzed by glucose ... ATP to drive their translocation mechanism, and stall if the ATP Adenosine diphosphate ADP ratio .... GLUT proteins transport glucose and related hexose s according to a model of alternate conformation ... F title C terminal truncated glucose transporter is locked into an inward facing form without transport ... 345550a0 ref ref cite journal author Hebert D, Carruthers A title Glucose transporter oligomeric structure ... of the cell. Binding of glucose to one site provokes a conformational change associated with transport, and releases glucose to the other side of the membrane. The inner and outer glucose binding ... M title Structural analysis of the GLUT1 facilitative glucose transporter review journal Mol ..., Gould G title QLS motif in transmembrane helix VII of the glucose transporter family interacts with the C 1 position of D glucose and is involved in substrate selection at the exofacial binding site ... 7 of the GLUT1 glucose transporter journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 274 issue 51 pages 36176 80 year 1999 pmid 10593902 doi 10.1074 jbc.274.51.36176 ref Types Each glucose transporter isoform plays a specific role in glucose metabolism determined by its pattern of tissue expression, substrate specificity ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 The glucose cycle also known as the hepatic futile cycle occurs primarily in the liver and is the dynamic equilibrium between glucose and glucose 6 phosphate . This is important for maintaining a constant concentration of glucose in the blood stream . Function The glucose cycle is required for one of the liver functions the homeostasis of glucose in the blood stream. When blood glucose levels are in excess, glucose can be stored in the liver as glycogen . When glucose levels in the blood stream are low the glycogen can be catabolism catabolised and glucose may re enter the blood stream. The catabolic process occurs at the nonreducing end of glycogen. A phosphate group breaks the bond between C 1 of a glucose ring and the O that connects it to the next phosphorolysis . One glucose unit is thus split off. Glycogen with n glucose units is converted into G 1 P a PO sub 4 sub group now attaches to C1 where O used to and glycogen with n 1 glucose units by enzyme glycogen phosphorylase. G 1 P is then converted into G 6 P by enzyme phosphoglucomutase. A water molecule hydrolyses G 6 P to glucose, the enzyme is glucose 6 phosphatase. Cell specificity When glucose enters a cell it is rapidly changed to glucose 6 phosphate, by hexokinase . The glucose cycle can occur in liver cells due to a liver specific enzyme glucose 6 phosphatase , which catalyse the dephosphorylation of glucose 6 phosphate back to glucose. Glucose ... glucose in the blood due body being in catabolic state. Other cells such as muscle and brain cells do not contain glucose 6 phosphatase. As a result, any glucose 6 phosphate produced in those cells ... of glucose cycle Flux through the glucose cycle is regulated by several hormones including insulin and glucagon as well as allosteric regulation of both hexokinase and glucose 6 phosphatase. Diseases associated with glucose cycle A deficiency in glucose 6 phosphatase that disrupts the liver ... more details
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