windows on a Mac OS X desktop.. A Unixshell is a command line interpreter or shell computing shell ... of the term shell means any program that users employ to type commands. In the Unix operating system ... program as their shell, though in practice this usually requires administrator rights. The Unix ... rough equivalents to Unixshell functionality. On systems using a windowing system , some users may never use the shell directly. On Unix systems, the shell is still the implementation language ... The C shell was developed by Bill Joy for the Berkeley Software Distribution, a line of Unix operating ... derived from the 6th Edition Unixshell Thompson shell . Its syntax is modeled after the C programming ... and operating system control. C shell has many interactive commands. Shell categories Unix shells ... Unixshell Bourne Again shell bash Written as part of the GNU Project to provide a superset of Bourne ... psh Perl shell , a shell for Unix like and Windows operating systems, combining aspects of bash .... scsh , a Scheme programming language Scheme Shell. wish Unixshell wish , a windowing shell for Tcl Tk . zoidberg Unixshell zoidberg , a modular Perl shell written, configured, and operated entirely ... Thompson shell sh The first Unixshell, written by Ken Thompson computer programmer Ken Thompson at Bell ... UNIX Systems . PWB shell or Mashey shell sh A version of the Thompson shell, augmented by John Mashey ... also Comparison of command shells List of Unix programs Restricted shellShell computing Shell account Shell script Notes Reflist Further reading cite book title Unix Shells by Example author Ellie ... &mdash a history of the various shells, and the uses of and responsibilities of a shell on Unix External links http www.softpanorama.org People Shell giants introduction.shtml Introduction to the Unix ... UNIXShell Category System administration Category Unix shells bn ca Shell d Unix cs Unixov shell da Unix skal de UnixShell es Shell de UNIX fr ShellUnix ko hu Unix rendszerh j ... more details
unreferenced date January 2009 lowercase wish Windowing Shell is a simple scripting or interactive Unixshell for the X Window System and Mac OS X . It provides users with the facility to be able to control graphical user interface components via the Tk toolkit, and enables utilization of the Tcl programming language. wish is open source and is currently part of the Tcl Tk programming suite. See also Tcl Tk Unix Shells Category Unix shells programming software stub el Wish ... more details
genre Unixshell source model Free software license GPLv3 GNU General Public License version 3 ref ... . ref website http www.gnu.org software bash Bash GNU project home page Bash is a Unixshell written ... quote Bourne Again Shell is a play on the name Bourne Shell , which was the usual shell on Unix. accessdate Mar 13, 2011 ref ref Citation last Gattol first Markus title Bourne again Shell date ... shell sh , an early and important Unixshell written by Stephen Bourne and distributed with Version 7 Unix circa 1978, and the concept of being born again . accessdate Mar 13, 2011 ref The name is also descriptive of what it did, bashing together the features of sh, C shell csh and Korn shell ksh . ref Cite newsgroup title at&t free ksh was job control is a bug, not a feature author Ian ... in debugger. GNU Unix Shells DEFAULTSORT Bash UnixShell Category Text oriented programming ... shell sh sessions demonstrating some features author Brian Fox computer programmer Brian Fox released .... As an acronym, it stands for Bourne again shell , referring to its initial conception as a free software replacement for the Bourne shell sh . ref name GNUBSD Cite newsgroup title GNU ... en accessdate Mar 22, 2011 quote For a year and a half, the GNU shell was just about done . The author ... an imitation of the Bourne shell. ref ref Citation last Hamilton first Naomi author link http www.computerworld.com.au ... Bourne Again Shell journal Computerworld pages 2 date May 30, 2008 accessdate Mar 21, 2011 url http www.computerworld.com.au article 222764 a z programming languages bash bourne again shell ?pp 2&fp ... Unix systems, he knew that he would eventually have to have replacements for all of the common utilities, especially the standard shell, and those replacements would have to have acceptable licensing ... msg 63c036d82ceca4d6?hl en accessdate Mar 21, 2011 quote Yup, the gnu project s Born Again Shell bash .... ref name GNUBSD Stallman and the Free Software Foundation FSF considered a free shell that could ... more details
appeared on BSD releases, notably the C shell with job control Unix job control modelled on Incompatible ... programs, was another Multics innovation popularized by Unix. The Unixshell used the same language .... Many later command line interpreters have been inspired by the Unixshell. A fundamental simplifying ... editors in the original version of Unix the entire system was configured using textual shell command ... 013 7 UNIXShell Programming, Yashawant Kanetkar Refend Further reading Books Peter H. Salus Salus ...Infobox OS name Unix logo screenshot Image Unix history simple.svg 250px caption Evolution of Unix and Unix ... source software closed source , now some Unix projects Berkeley Software Distribution BSD family ... & Graphical user interface Graphical X Window System family Unix released 1969 programmed in C programming ... Proprietary software Proprietary working state Active Unix officially trademarked as UNIX , sometimes also written as span style font variant small caps Unix span is a Computer multitasking multitasking ... , Dennis Ritchie , Brian Kernighan , Douglas McIlroy , and Joe Ossanna . The Unix operating system ... to other hardware. Today s Unix systems are split into various branches, developed over time by AT&T ... consortium, owns the UNIX trademark. Only systems fully compliant with and certified according to the Single UNIX Specification are qualified to use the trademark others might be called Unix system like or Unix like though the Open Group disapproves of this term . ref http www.unix.org questions answers faq.html 7a Unix.org ref However, the term Unix is often used informally to denote any ..., the influence of Unix in academic circles led to large scale adoption of Unix particularly of the Berkeley ... operating system AIX . Today, in addition to certified Unix systems such as those already mentioned, Unix like operating systems such as Linux and BSD descendants FreeBSD , NetBSD , and OpenBSD are commonly encountered. The term traditional Unix may be used to describe a Unix or an operating system ... more details
Other uses AT disambiguation lowercase In Unix like computer operating system s, the code at code command is used to schedule command computing command s to be executed once, at a particular system time time in the future. More precisely, it reads a series of commands from standard input and collects them into one at job which is carried out at a later date. The at job inherits the current environment, so that it is executed in the same working directory and with the same environment variable s set as when it was scheduled. It differs from code cron code which is used for recurring executions e.g. once an hour, every Tuesday, January 1 every year . As with code cron code , many Unix systems allow the administrator to restrict access to the code at code command. code at code can be made to mail a user when done carrying out a scheduled job of theirs, can use more than one job queue, and can read a list of jobs to carry out from a file instead of standard input. A sample command to compile a C programming language C program at 11 45 a. m. on January 31 sup st sup and e mail the results Standard streams STDOUT and STDERR to your user ID would be source lang bash echo cc o foo foo.c at 1145 at 1145 jan 31 at cc o foo foo.c at D press Control D while at the beginning of a line source In some Unix like computer operating system s it uses a Daemon computer software daemon , code atd code , which waits in the background periodically checking the list of jobs to do and executing those ... of Unix programs External links man cu at SUS execute commands at a later time man 1 at queue, examine or delete jobs for later execution unix commands unix stub Category Standard Unix programs At Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ca At Unix cs At Unix de At Unix el At Unix es At Unix fr At Unix it At Unix hu At Unix ja At UNIX pl At Unix pt At Unix ro At Unix ru At uk At ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Expert subject Telecommunications date November 2008 infobox software name As latest release version latest release date platform website as is a generic name for an assembly language Assembler assembler on Unix . The GNU Project s assembler is named GNU assembler Gas . Category Assemblers Category Unix programming tools Unix stub ru As ... more details
wiktionarypar shellShell may refer to Seashell , the shells of various marine animals, especially marine mollusks Exoskeleton or shell, including those of mollusks, turtles, insects and crustaceans Mollusc shell , shells of molluscs, including bivalve shells, tusk shells etc Gastropod shell , shells of snails Eggshell , the outer covering of a hard shelled egg Shotgun shellShell projectile , a projectile which carries an explosive payload Shell theater , a curved surface for reflecting and focusing sound Racing shell , a rowed watercraft Thin shell structure , a method of building construction Shell machinery , each piece of a two piece plain bearing, known as full bearing in industrial machinery In places Shell, Ecuador or Shell Mera, a city named after the Shell Oil Company Shell, California , an unincorporated community in the United States Shell, Wyoming , an unincorporated community in the United States In science , computing , and mathematics Electron shell , describing the structure of electron configuration in atoms Shell computing , a type of computer user interface Shell account , a user account for access to another machine Shell mathematics , a ring like List of algebraic structures algebraic structure In business Royal Dutch Shell , a multinational energy company Shell Oil Company , American affiliate Shell Canada Shell Nigeria Shell corporation , a company which ... with the name Art Shell , former American football player and coach Donald Shell , American computer scientist Karl Shell , American economist See also Shell sort , a sorting algorithm On shell and off shell , in quantum field theory Shell Turbo Chargers , a defunct Philippine basketball team owned by the Shell Corporation Big Shell, an offshore decontamination facility in Metal Gear Solid 2 Sons of Liberty lookfrom intitle disambig cs Shell de Shell es Shell eo elo eu Shell fr Shell hr Ljuska io Shelo it Shell he hu Shell egy rtelm s t lap nl Shell doorverwijspagina ja ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Infobox musical artist Name The Shell Img The Shell.jpg Img capt The Shell in 2008, from left to right Michael Fromenwiler, Sacha Leuenberger, Christoph Schorro, Patrice Lambeau Img size 250 Landscape yes Background group or band Origin St. Gallen , Switzerland . Genre Alternative rock , Indie rock . Years active 1996 present URL http www.theshell.de Current members Michael Fromenwiler br Sacha Leunberger br Christoph Schorro br Patrice Lambeau Past members Roger Cadalbert br Raphael Cernelc br Christian Riesen The Shell is an alternative rock band from St. Gallen , Switzerland . They currently comprise of Patrice Lambeau vocals, rhythm guitar , Michael Frommenwiler bass , Sacha Leuenberger lead guitar and Christoph Schorro drums . The band was formed by childhood friends Lambeau and Fromenwiler in 1996 and have since gone on to enjoy success in their native Switzerland and throughout Europe. ref http www.myspace.com theshellworld MySpace.com The Shell berlin, santiago di gallo Indie Alternative Rock www.myspace.com theshellworld Bot generated title ref History Early years 1996 2004 Lambeau and Fromenwiler formed The Shell in spring 1996. After an unsuccessful search for band members in St. Gallen they moved to San Francisco in 1998 where they played a series of live shows with a local drummer. Upon returning to Switzerland they joined with drummer Roger Cadalbert and guitarist Raphael Cernelc before moving to London in 2000 where for six months they played a series of shows and worked on new material. br In February 2001 the band recorded their first demo CD in Stuttgart , Germany which was supported by shows at Rock am See, the Montreux Jazz Festival ... 2004 2006 After winning a national contest for new bands in Zurich The Shell signed to Universal, Switzerland ... rotation on Swiss music TV. By the end of 2004 The Shell had received a best newcomer award from ... Management DEFAULTSORT Shell Category Swiss alternative rock groups Category Swiss indie rock groups ... more details
lowercase code fc do not subst template code tag breaks popups is a standard program on Unix that lists or edits and reexecutes, commands previously entered to an interactive shell. fc is a Shell builtin built in command in the Bash Unixshell bash shell help fc will show usage information. Examples Features History See also List of Unix programs References Solaris 10 man page for fc command External links man cu fc SUS process the command history list unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities el Fc ... more details
lowercase esh Unix Infobox Software name easy shell logo screenshot caption collapsible author developer released latest release version latest release date latest preview version latest preview date programming language Lisp programming language Lisp like operating system Unix like platform size language English status genre Unixshell license website The easy shell esh is a simple and lightweight Unixshell for Unix like computer operating systems . Its syntax deviates completely from that of traditional shells, using instead a Lisp programming language Lisp like syntax. Shell script s written for the easy shell tend to have a smaller code size than their traditional shell equivalents, and at the same time provides for a small memory footprint while remaining flexible and programmable. ref http olympus.het.brown.edu cgi bin dwww?type file&location usr share doc esh esh.html SEC1 esh documentation ref See also Scsh Comparison of command shells Command line interface References reflist Unix stub Unix Shells Category Unix shells Category Lisp programming language family el Esh Unix ... more details
lowercase title history Distinguish Unix History The various Unix shells maintain a record of the commands issued by the user during the current session. The history command manipulates this history list. In its simplest form, it prints the history list. Options allow for the recall and editing of particular commands and for setting parameters such as the number of past commands to retain in the list. In early versions of Unix the history command was a separate program. However, most shells have long included the history command as a shell built in, so the separate program is no longer in common use. Since most current history commands are shell built ins, details depend on the choice of shell. unix commands Category Unix software ... more details
In Bash Unixshell bash shell , disown Shell builtin builtin command is used to remove jobs from the job table, or to mark jobs so that SIGHUP is not sent to them if the parent shell receives it e.g. if the user Logout log out . See also Nohup , a POSIX command to ignore the SIGHUP HUP hangup signal Job control Unix Job Control in Unix Systems External links http www.gnu.org software bash manual bashref.html Job Control Builtins Bash Reference Manual Job Control Builtins unix commands Category System administration ... more details
The Unix System ISBN 0 201 13791 7 is a book by Stephen R. Bourne it was the first widely available general introduction to the Unix operating system . It included some historical material on Unix, as well as material on using the system, editing, the software tools concept, C programming using the Unix API , data management with the shell and awk , and typesetting with troff . DEFAULTSORT Unix System Category Computer books compu book stub ... more details
lowercase type Unix type is a Unix command that displays how a name would be interpreted if used as a command. Syntax type filename Description The type command display how a name would be interpreted as a command. Where applicable type will display the name s path. Possible command types are Shell builtin shell built in function alias hashed command keyword Exit Status This command returns the following exit values 0 At least one of the arguments was found 0 No arguments were found Examples type test test is a shell builtin type cp cp is bin cp type unknown bash type unknown not found type type type is a shell builtin See also List of Unix utilities Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities software stub unix commands ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Mergeto filter software date November 2008 In UnixUNIX and UNIX like operating systems, a filter is a program that gets most of its data from its standard input the main input stream and writes its main results to its standard output the main output stream . UNIX filters are often used as elements of pipeline Unix pipeline s. The pipe operator on a command line signifies that the main output of the command to the left is passed as main input to the command on the right. The classic filter would be grep , which at it simplest prints to its output any lines containing a character string. Here s an example cut d f 1 etc passwd grep foo This finds all registered users that have foo as part of their username by using the Cut Unix cut command to take the first field username of each line of the UNIX system password file and passing them all as input to grep, which searches its input for lines containing the character string foo and prints them on its output. Here is a perl equivalent to the above, which prints the whole line from the passwd file perl ne print if m foo etc passwd Or, to print only the username, without the rest of the line perl ane shift F print n if foo F etc passwd Common UNIX filter programs are Cat Unix cat , cut Unix cut , grep , head Unix head , Sort Unix sort , uniq and tail Unix tail . Programs like awk and sed can be used to build quite complex filters because they are fully programmable. List of UNIX filter programs awk programming language awk cat Unix cat comm Unix comm cut Unix cut Expand Unix expand compress Fold Unix fold grep head Unix head Nl Unix nl perl Pr Unix pr sed UNIXshell sh Sort Unix sort Split Unix split Strings Unix strings tail Unix tail Tac Unix tac Tee Unix tee tr program tr uniq Wc Unix wc See also Filter software Unix commands Category Unix da Filter program it Filtro Unix ja pt Filtro Unix ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 lowercase timex is a Unix utility tool, most commonly used in the measurement of duration of shell processes. It is also used to measure process data and system activity. The tool appears in IBM s AIX operating system AIX version of Unix and the Solaris Operating System from Sun Microsystems. See also List of Unix programs External links http www.llnl.gov computing tutorials performance tools man timex.txt Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory s copy of the AIX timex man page. http docs.sun.com app docs doc 816 5165 timex 1?l en&a view&q timex timex time a command report process data and system activity Solaris Operating System Solaris Manual page Unix man page unix commands Category Unix process and task management related software unix stub pl Timex Unix ... more details
merge Source command date December 2010 . called the dot command is used to execute its first argument, a file . It s possible to specify arguments in a second argument. The first argument file does not have to be executable, but must be accessible via a directory defined in the PATH variable PATH environment variable. The dot command is often used to define environment variables that are accessible within the current process. In contrast to file executed directly as an executable, there won t be a new process opened and the environment definitions defined within apply to the current process or the current shell. The dot command should not be confused with the Hidden file and hidden directory dot file . External links http www.howtoguides.com computers os unix shell dot.mobile.html The three different uses of the dot in Unix explained Unix commands Category Standard Unix programs Category Unix SUS2008 utilities el Unix ... more details
lowercase two other uses the Unix command Unix s means of representing points in time Unix time the Unix function call time.h code time code is a command in the Unix operating systems. It is used to determine the duration of execution of a particular command computing command . Usage To use the command, simply precede any command by the word code time code , such as source lang bash time ls source When the command completes, code time code will report how long it took to execute the code ls code command in terms of user CPU time , system CPU time, and real time. The output format varies between different versions of the command, and some give additional statistics, as in this example source lang bash time host wikipedia.org wikipedia.org has address 207.142.131.235 0.000u 0.000s 0 00.17 0.0 0 0k 0 0io 0pf 0w source time 1 can exist as a standalone program such as GNU time or as a Unixshellshell builtin e.g. in tcsh or in zsh . User Time vs System Time The term user CPU time can be a bit misleading at first. To be clear, the total time real CPU time is the combination of the amount of time the CPU spends performing some action for a program and the amount of time the CPU spends performing system call s for the kernel computer science kernel on the program s behalf. When a program loops through an array, it is accumulating user CPU time. Conversely, when a program executes a system call such as code exec code or code fork code , it is accumulating system CPU time. Method of operation According to the source code of the GNU implementation of code time code , most information .... See also List of Unix programs System time Unix time Cron process for scheduling jobs to run at a particular ... command or give resource usage GNU unix commands unix stub Category Unix SUS2008 utilities Category Unix process and task management related software ar ca Time Unix de Time Unix it Time Unix la Time programma hu Time Unix ja Time UNIX pl Time Unix pt Time Unix ru Time Unix tr Time unix ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Lowercase title hash hash is a Unix command that prints the location information for the commands found. Syntax ksh hash name Description When the user gives a command, the shell searches for the command in the path specified in the PATH environmental variable and stores the location in the hash. This command can be used to search for the command given. The command is built into the shell. C shell implements this command in a different way. Options The following options are supported name Searches the PATH environmental variable for the name given Exit Status This command returns the following exit values 0 Successful completion 1 An Error occurred Examples 1. hash Print the hash table. 2. hash cat Searches for command cat in the path specified by PATH environmental variable if found, adds it to the hash. See also The Bash Unixshell bash command, C shell csh command, find command, korn shell ksh command, Bourne shell sh command. Category Unix SUS2008 utilities el Hash Unix ... more details
lowercase The link utility is a Unix command line program that creates a hard link from an existing directory entry to a new directory entry. It does no more than call the link system function. It does not perform error checking before attempting to create the link. It returns an exit status that indicates whether the link was created 0 if successful, 0 if an error occurred . Creating a link to a directory entry that is itself a directory requires elevated privileges. The ln Unix ln command is more commonly used as it provides more features it can create both hard links and symbolic link s, and has error checking. Synopsis link file1 file2 file1 The pathname of an existing file. file2 The pathname of the new directory entry to be created. Note that file1 must specify an existing file, and file2 must specify a nonexistent entry in an existing directory. Standards The link command is part of the Single UNIX Specification SUS , specified in the Shell and Utilities volume of the IEEE 1003.1 2001 standard. See also List of Unix utilities Unlink Unix unlink command External links http www.opengroup.org onlinepubs 000095399 idx utilities.html IEEE Std 1003.1 2004 Shell & Utilities volume list of Single UNIX Specification SUS utilities. http www.gnu.org software coreutils manual coreutils.html link invocation GNU Coreutils link documentation. unix commands software stub Category Unix SUS2008 utilities ... more details
Bell Unix PWB UNIX for Programmer s Workbench was an early version of the Unix operating system . Prior to 1976 Unix development at AT&T was done by a small group of researchers in the Bell Labs Computer Science Research Group Department 1127 . But as word of the usefulness of Unix spread throughout the company the decision was made to develop a version of Unix tailored to support programmer s doing production work, not research. The Programmer s Workbench was started in 1973 ref name Mashey John R. Mashey 2004 . http queue.acm.org detail.cfm?id 1039532 Languages, Levels, Libraries, and Longevity . ACM Queue 2 9 . ref by Evan Ivie and Rudd Canaday to support a computer center for a 1000 employee Bell Labs division, which would be the largest Unix site for several years to come. PWB UNIX was to provide tools for teams of programmers to manage their source code and collaborate on projects with other team members. While the PWB group managed their source on Unix systems, programs were often written to run on other legacy operating systems. For this reason, PWB included software for Batch processing submitting jobs to IBM System 370 , UNIVAC 1100 series, and XDS SDS Sigma 5 Sigma 5 computers. In 1978 it was documented that PWB supported a user community of about 1,100 users in the Business ... s Workbench. PWB UNIX 1.0, released July 1, 1977 was based on Version 6 Unix PWB 2.0 was based on Version 7 Unix . Most of PWB UNIX was later incorporated in the commercial UNIX System III and UNIX ... The PWB shell , written by John R. Mashey , which preceded Stephen Bourne Steve Bourne s Bourne shell The restricted shell rsh , an option on the PWB shell The troff mm memorandum macro package, written ... CACM article about PWB PDF file http cm.bell labs.com cm cs who dmr unixad.html Unix ad mentioning ... Distributions usdl PWB distributions , from the Ancient UNIX Archive Unix like Category Unix ja PWB UNIX ... more details
lowercase The tt lp tt command is used on many Unix like systems to assign jobs to printer queues. The name derives from lineprinter l ine p rinter , though it has become the commonly used command for any sort of printer. The command originally appeared as part of the System V printing system , and for some time served as a shibboleth to distinguish between SysV and Berkeley Software Distribution BSD systems. tt lp tt is the standard name for the UNIX System V System V printing system printer command. The Common Unix Printing System , used on Linux and Mac OS X among other systems, uses tt lp tt as the primary program for job assignment. The LPRng project provides tt lp tt as a simple wrapper to the tt lpr tt command. Plan 9 from Bell Labs uses a command called tt lp tt for printing, though its functionality is somewhat different and simplified from the System V version. It is actually written as an rc shell script. See also lpr print command External links http www.linuxmanpages.com man1 lp.1.php The program s manpage as implemented on CUPS systems unix commands Category Unix SUS2008 utilities hu Lp Unix pl Lp Unix ru Lp ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Lowercase title rcp Unix rcp stands for the Unix remote copy command. It is a command on the Unix operating systems that is used to remotely copy to copy one or more files from one computer system to another. It typically uses the TCP IP protocol and the .rhosts file for authentication, but has been implemented to alternatively support Kerberos protocol Kerberos . As described in the rlogin article, rcp is not secure for network use, because it sends unencrypted information over the network, among other things. It has largely been replaced by the Secure Shell ssh based utility secure copy scp . See also rsync secure copy scp References http blogs.sun.com janp entry how the scp protocol works How the scp Protocol Works Unix commands Category Unix network related software Category Network file transfer protocols bg Rcp es Rcp fr Rcp it Rcp Unix ja Rcp pl Rcp Unix ... more details
Other uses Fold disambiguation Folding Fold is a Unix command used for making a file computing with long lines more readable on a limited width terminal. Most Linux terminals have the default screen width of 80, and therefore reading files with long lines could get annoying. The fold command puts a line feed every X characters if it doesn t reach a new line before that point. If the w argument is set, the fold command allows the user to set the maximum length of a line. To fold a file to have 30 characters max per line, simply run the following command in your unixshell fold w 30 file.txt See also fmt Par command par List of Unix commands Category Unix ... more details
lowercase The etc motd is a file on Unix like systems that contains a message of the day , used to send a common message to all users, in a more efficient manner than sending them all an e mail message. Usage The contents of the file tt Unix directory structure etc motd tt are displayed by the Unix login command after a successful login, and just before it executes the login Shell computing shell . ref The complete FreeBSD documentation from the source, By Greg Lehey, p.572 ref The MOTD has also become a common feature of the online component of Windows Personal Computer PC games, such as Half Life , Call of Duty , and Battlefield series Battlefield . A similar feature called MOTD is displayed when logging on to some IRC servers. Format It is a simple text file. Some interrupters have a limit of 255 or 1024 characters. Citation needed date July 2010 See also System console References Reflist External links Category Unixunix stub de Message of the Day fr Message of the Day it Motd pl MOTD ... more details
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