Ultramontanism is a religious philosophy within the Roman Catholic community that places strong emphasis on the prerogatives and powers of the Pope . In particular, ultramontanism may consist in asserting the superiority of Papal authority over the authority of local temporal or spiritual hierarchies including the local Bishop Catholic Church bishop . History The term originates in ecclesiastical language from the Middle Ages when a non Italian man was elected to the papacy, he was said to be papa ultramontano , that is, a Pope from beyond the mountains referring to the Alps . Foreign students at medieval Italian universities were also referred to as ultramontanes. The word was revived but the meaning reversed after the Protestant Reformation in France, to indicate the man beyond the mountains ... to imply a lack of true patriotism. From the 17th century, ultramontanism became closely associated ... concessions to the Protestant state to achieve Catholic emancipation . The word ultramontanism was revived .... Within the Roman Catholic Church, Ultramontanism achieved victory over conciliarism at the First ... this as the triumph of what they termed the heresy of Ultramontanism. It was specifically decried in the Declaration ... of adherents to Ultramontanism however, especially those attributing to the Roman Pontiff, even ... contradicts Ultramontanism and accuse it of decentralizing the Roman Catholic Church, whereas ... responsibility to local bishops and pastors of local parishes. Challenges to Ultramontanism have remained strong within and outside of Roman jurisdiction Citation needed date April 2008 . Ultramontanism ... and differences on these issues. Orthodox position Ultramontanism is not recognised by either ... needed date November 2009 See also Caesaropapism Louis Antoine Caraccioli Cisalpinism Neo ultramontanism ... CathEncy wstitle Ultramontanism Cite EB1911 wstitle Ultramontanism Category 17th century Christianity ... ru sv Ultramontanism ... more details
orphan date March 2010 Neo ultramontanism literally the new ultramontanism is a term used to describe the belief of certain Roman Catholic Church Catholics , primarily during the period immediately prior to Vatican I , that papal infallibility was not restricted to a small number of papal statements but applied ipso facto by that very fact, i.e. by virtue of being said by the Pope to all papal teachings and statements. Although few of today s Catholic Church historians distinguish between neo ultramontanism and the more moderate ultramontanism of mainstream nineteenth century Catholicism, there were substantial differences between the two. The neo ultramontanes wanted to pass by decree the most extreme definition of papal infallibility possible and did not wish for debates at all. They were, indeed, regarded as imprudent by more moderate ultramontanists who won the debate at Vatican I. Origins and history Neo ultramontanism as a movement dates back to the writings of Joseph de Maistre , who in Du Pape about the Pope , argued essentially that what the Pope says is true to the exclusion of all other contrary truths. In the following period the ideals of neo ultramontanism were formulated though for many years in a quite incoherent manner to free the Church from the power of the secular state. Many who know about it see neo ultramontanism as the most extreme reaction to the ideas promoted by the French Revolution , which made them turn to the papacy as the last bastion of truth. Its main bastion in these early days was the French journal Univers under the leadership of Louis Veuillot. The term neo ultramontanism , however, was not coined until 1863, when it was used by one of its ... understanding of how the doctrine of infallibility was first proposed. After Vatican I, neo ultramontanism ... of the term neo ultramontanism because they believe that it fails to clarify clearly the position ... s Infallibility DEFAULTSORT Neo Ultramontanism Category History of the Papacy Category Roman Catholic ... more details
The Encyclical of the Eastern Patriarchs was a encyclical letter sent in May, 1848 by the patriarch s of the Eastern Orthodoxy Orthodox Church in reply to Pope Pius IX s Epistle to the Easterns 1848 . Rather than being a private letter to Pius IX, it is addressed to All the Bishops Everywhere, Beloved in the Holy Spirit Holy Ghost , Our Venerable, Most Dear Brethren and to their Most Pious Clergy and to All the Genuine Orthodox Sons of the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church . The encyclical explicitly denounces the Filioque clause added by Rome to the Nicene Creed as a heresy, censures the papacy for missionizing among Eastern Orthodox Christians, and repudiates Ultramontanism papal supremacy . It also describes the Roman Catholic Church as being in apostasy , heresy , and Schism religion schism . In the course of all this, it notably makes reference to the Fourth Council of Constantinople Eighth Ecumenical Council 879 880 , in contrast with the opinion of many modern Eastern Orthodox Christians that there are only seven Ecumenical Councils accepted by the Orthodox Church. Signatories Patriarch Anthimus VI of Constantinople Pope and Patriarch Hierotheus II of Alexandria Patriarch Methodius of Antioch Patriarch Cyrill II of Jerusalem The Holy Synod in Constantinople The Holy Synod in Antioch The Holy Synod in Jerusalem See also Eastern Orthodoxy Encyclical Roman Catholicism External links http www.fordham.edu halsall mod 1848orthodoxencyclical.html Full text of the Encyclical Category East West Schism Category 19th century Christian texts ... more details
The Gallican Church was the Catholic Church in France from the time of the Declaration of the Clergy of France 1682 to that of the Civil Constitution of the Clergy 1790 during the French Revolution . Gallicanism was the doctrine that the power of monarch s is independent of the power of pope s, and that the church of each country should be under the joint control of the pope and the monarch. The opposite doctrine is known as Ultramontanism . Under the Declaration of the Clergy of France of 1682, the following privileges were claimed, but never accepted by the Holy See French monarchy Kings of France had the right to assemble church council s in their dominions. Kings of France had the right to make laws and regulations touching ecclesiastical matters. The pope required the king s consent to send papal legate s into France. Those legates required the king s consent to exercise their power within France. Bishop s, even when commanded by the pope, could not go out of the kingdom without the king s consent. Royal officers could not be excommunicated for any act performed in the discharge of their official duties. The pope could not authorize the wiktionary alienate alienation of landed church estates in France, or the diminishing of any foundation s. Papal bull s and Papal letter letters required the pareatis of the king or his officers before they took effect within France. The pope could not issue Dispensation Catholic Church dispensation s to the prejudice of the laudable customs and statutes of the French cathedral churches. It was lawful to appeal from the Pope to a future council or to have recourse to the appeal as from an abuse appel comme d abus against acts of the ecclesiastical power. External links http www.newadvent.org cathen 06351a.htm Catholic Encyclopedia article on Gallicanism Category History of Catholicism in France Category Religion in the Ancien R gime Category National churches France ru ... more details
The Catholic Church in Luxembourg is part of the worldwide Catholic Church , under the spiritual leadership of the Pope and curia in Rome . The whole country is covered by the Archdiocese of Luxembourg . The Catholic Church in Luxembourg was always a part of the Catholic Church in Germany or Belgium . The independence of the church in Luxembourg began on June 2, 1840 when the Grand Duchy was elevated to an Apostolic prefect Apostolic prefecture . The elevation to apostolic vicariate followed on September 27, 1870. However, problems between church and state appeared, sparked by the appointment of Johann Theodor Laurent , originally from Aachen , who was considered an Ultramontanism ultramonte . His appointment was kept a secret on the express wishes of the ruler William II of the Netherlands William II , a move which met with great disapproval in the state chancellery. The situation worsened, and Laurent had to leave his post in 1848 . In the following years, the Church hierarchy in Luxembourg stabilised, and it was made an exemption church exempt diocese on December 27, 1870. In 1988, Luxembourg was elevated to an Archdiocese . As of 2002 , the archdiocese counted 380,000 members, or 86.1 of the population, including the Royal Family. The church is served by 196 Diocesan Priests, 72 Religious order religious Priests, and at least 619 Nuns. External links http www.cathol.lu Catholic Church in Luxembourg http www.lcto.lu graphics illustrations attractions millenial city cathedral to the blessed vi.jpg Photo of the Cathedral in Luxembourg Religion in Luxembourg Roman Catholicism in Europe Category Roman Catholic Church in Luxembourg Luxembourg stub RC country stub cs mskokatolick c rkev v Lucembursku de R misch katholische Kirche in Luxemburg it Chiesa cattolica in Lussemburgo nl Katholieke Kerk in Luxemburg pl Archidiecezja luksemburska uk ... more details
Guillaume de Lamoignon 1617 1677 was a French jurist. He is known for work which he did towards preparing the codification of French laws. File Lamoignon, Guillaume de.jpg thumb Guillaume de Lamoignon. He became in 1644 master of requests in the Parlement . He took an active part in the Fronde of the Parlement against Mazarin . He became first president of the Parlement in 1658. A distinguished member of the Society of the Holy Sacrament , he was greatly devoted to the Catholic cause. He induced Colbert to give up the idea of putting back to twenty seven the age for ordination to priesthood, and the years required for monastic vows to twenty for the women and twenty seven for the men. He had Gallican Church Gallican tendencies, and in 1663 he spoke before the Parlement in favor of the liberties of the Gallican church against a thesis suspected of ultramontanism . A nephew of Bishop Potier of Beauvais, a close friend of the Jansenist Hermant , Lamoignon was supposed to sympathize with Port Royal , but he chose Ren Rapin , a Jesuit , as tutor for his sons, whom he also brought into close acquaintance with Louis Bourdaloue Bourdaloue . When in 1664 the Jansenists deferred to the Parlement a confutation of Blaise Pascal Pascal s Provinciales written by the Jesuits, the decree which condemned this book nevertheless spared the Jesuits. On this occasion Lamoignon said to the king that he had been a witness of the unfair outbursts of the Jansenists in all the differences they had with the Society of Jesus and this Jansenist party, which was being formed in the kingdom on the dissemination of the new teaching, was but a cabal which would become pernicious to the State . It was Lamoignon who, having as first president to settle the dispute that had arisen at the Sainte Chapelle between the precentor and the treasurer regarding a desk, furnished Nicolas Boileau Despr aux Boileau with the account of this incident from which the latter evolved the celebrated poem of the Lutrin ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2008 Jeune Canada French language French for Young Canada was a French Canadian right wing nationalist movement founded in Quebec and active during the 1930s. Launched in 1932 in reaction to the public nominations of unilingual English speaking Quebecker anglophones , the movement reached its apogee the following year, in 1933. As a movement, Jeune Canada was corporatism corporatist and Ultramontanism ultramontanist the group advocated for francophone rights in Canada and political and economic autonomy for Quebec. The movement gathered together many of the future elites who would later contribute to the Quiet Revolution , even though the ideals of the Quiet Revolution were quite different from those of Jeune Canada. The movement was never officially dissolved some members still declared themselves as members of Jeune Canada in 1939. The files of the organization are maintained by the Lionel Groulx Foundation . Notable members Pierre Dansereau , environmentalist, president in 1932 Philippe Ferland , journalist and politician G rard Filion , journalist, president from 1936 to 1938 Lucien L Allier , father of the Montreal Metro Andr Laurendeau , journalist, president from 1933 to 1935 Dostaler O Leary , journalist Claude Robillard , urban planner Supporters of the movement Le Devoir douard Montpetit , economist Esdras Minville , writer Lionel Groulx , historian Pierre Trudeau , journalist and politician External links http faculty.marianopolis.edu c.belanger QuebecHistory docs 1930s index.htm Several documents on the Jeune Canada movement http www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com index.cfm?PgNm TCE&Params A1ARTA0004127 Jeune Canada at the Canadian Encyclopedia Category History of Quebec Category Quebec nationalism fr Jeune Canada ... more details
File Adam Franz Lennig.jpg thumb Adam Franz Lennig. Adam Franz Lennig 3 December 1803 &ndash 22 November 1866 was a Ultramontanism ultramontanistic Germany German Roman Catholic Church Catholic theologian. Life Lennig studied at Bruchsal under the private tutorship of the ex Jesuit Laurentius Doller , and afterwards at the bishop s gymnasium at Mainz , his birthplace. Being too young for ordination, he went to Paris to study Oriental languages under Sylvestre de Sacy , then to Rome for a higher course in theology. Here he was ordained priest, 22 September 1827, and then taught for a year at Mainz. Lennig was a strenuous defender of the rights of the Roman Catholic Church, and when on 30 January 1830, the Government of the Grand Duchy of Hesse &mdash which for quite a time had been trying to interfere in church matters &mdash passed thirty nine articles on ecclesiastical administration, he sent them to Rome. Rome sent back a protest, but, since the bishops remained silent, and since Joseph Vitus Burg , Bishop of Mainz , even defended the articles, Lennig left for Bonn, and attended the lectures of Johann Michael Sailer , Windischmann , and Klee . In June 1832, he accepted the pastorate of Gaulsheim, now part of Bingen am Rhein , declining to take the chair of theology and exegesis at Mainz. In 1839 he was made pastor at Seligenstadt . Petrus Leopold Kaiser , Bishop of Mainz, in 1845 promoted him to the cathedral chapter. As a mentor of the ultramontanism , he established in March 1848 the Piusverein Pius Association ref http www.ohiou.edu Chastain ip piusasn.htm Pius Association Bot generated title ref . He organized the first Katholikentag meeting of Catholic societies and of Catholics in general , held at Mainz, October 1848. In the same month he was present at the conference of the German Bishops at W rzburg, acting as representative of his bishop who was ill. About this time he founded at great expense the Mainzer Journal . After the death of Bishop Kaiser 30 Dec ... more details
Image Louis Veuillot.jpg right thumb 180px Veuillot during the 1850s. Louis Veuillot October 11, 1813 March 7, 1883 was a France French journalist and author who helped to popularize ultramontanism a philosophy favoring Papal supremacy . He was born of humble parents in Boynes Loiret . When he was five years of age, his parents relocated to Paris . With little education, he became employed by a lawyer, and was sent during 1830 to serve with a newspaper of Rouen , and afterwards to P rigueux . He returned to Paris during 1837, and a year later visited Rome during Holy Week . There he embraced extravagant ultramontane sentiments, and became an ardent champion of Catholicism . The results of his conversion were published in P lerinages en Suisse 1839 , Rome et Lorette 1841 and other publications. During 1843 he joined the staff of the newspaper Univers religieux , and soon helped make it the main publication of ultramontane propaganda as L Univers . His methods of journalism, which made great use of irony and ad hominem criticism, had already provoked more than one duel, and he was imprisoned for a brief time for his polemics against the University of Paris . During 1848 he became editor of the newspaper, which was suppressed during 1860, but revived during 1867, when Veuillot resumed his ultramontane propaganda, causing a second suppression of his journal during 1874. Veuillot then occupied himself by writing polemical pamphlets against moderate Catholics, the Second French Empire and the Italian government. His services to the papal see were recognized by Pope Pius IX , on whom he wrote 1878 a monograph. Some of his papers were collected in M langes religieux, historiques et litt raires 12 vols., 1857 1875 , and his lang fr Correspondance 6 vols., 1883 85 has great political interest. His younger brother, Eug ne Veuillot , published 1901 1904 a comprehensive and valuable life, Louis Veuillot . References 1911 cite web url http jcrao.freeshell.org LouisVeuillot title ... more details
Image Frankfurt Hauptfriedhof Janssen.JPG thumb Grave of Janssen in the Hauptfriedhof of Frankfurt Johannes Janssen 10 April 1829 24 December 1891 was a Germany German historian born in Xanten . After graduating from the Rektoratsschule in Xanten today s Stiftsgymnasium he was educated at the universities of M nster , Leuven , Bonn and Berlin , afterwards becoming a teacher of history in Frankfurt am Main . He was ordained priest in 1860 became a member of the Prussian House of Deputies in 1875 and in 1880 was made domestic prelate to the pope and apostolic pronotary . He died at Frankfurt. Janssen was a stout champion of the ultramontanism Ultramontane party in the Roman Catholic Church . Works His great work is his Geschichte des deutschen Volkes seit dem Ausgang des Mittelalters 8 vols., Freiburg, 1878 1894 . In this book he clearly shows the personal foibles and misguided conclusions of Luther, Zwingli and the other Protestant reformers Protestant Reformation Reformation , and proves that the Protestants were responsible for the general unrest in Germany during the 16th and 17th centuries. The author s conclusions led to some controversy, and Janssen wrote An meine Kritiker Freiburg , 1882 and Ein zweites Wort an meine Kritiker Freiburg, 1883 in reply to the Janssens Geschichte des deutschen Volkes Munich , 1883 of M. Lenz , and other criticisms. The Geschichte , which has passed through numerous editions, has been continued and improved by Ludwig Pastor , and the greater part of it has been translated into English by M. A. Mitchell and A. M. Christie London, 1896, fol. . Of his other works perhaps the most important are the editing of Frankfurts Reichskorrespondenz, 1376 1519 Freiburg, 1863 1872 and of the Leben, Briefe und kleinere Schriften of his friend Johann Friedrich B hmer JF B hmer Leipzig , 1868 a monograph, Schiller als Historiker Freiburg, 1863 and Zeit und Lebensbilder Freiburg, 1875 . References Ludwig Pastor , Johannes Janssen Freiburg, 1893 F. Me ... more details
Infobox University President name Jeffrey Paul von Arx image order 8th university President of br Fairfield University term start July 1, 2004 term end present birth date Birth date and age 1944 2 2 mf y birth place Bellefonte, Pennsylvania death date death place predecessor Aloysius P. Kelley Aloysius P. Kelley, S.J. successor incumbent alma mater Princeton University Princeton , B.A. br Yale University Yale , M.A., M.Phil. br Weston School of Theology , M.Div. residence profession Educator religion Roman Catholic salary spouse children Jeffrey Paul von Arx born in Bellefonte, Pennsylvania , raised in Locust Valley, New York is the 8th President of Fairfield University . Previously, von Arx served as Chair of the History Department at Georgetown University and Dean of Fordham University Fordham College at Rose Hill . Biography He graduated from Princeton University in 1969 and entered the Society of Jesus that summer. He subsequently earned an M.A. and M.Phil. in history at Yale University , and completed his Ph.D. there in 1980. A year later, Fr. von Arx received an M.Div. from the Weston Jesuit School of Theology and was ordained a priest. A noted scholar and historian, he is an expert in the field of 19th century British history. He is the author of several articles and books titled Progress and Pessimism Religion, Politics and History in Late Nineteenth Century Britain Harvard University Press, 1985 and Varieties of Ultramontanism Catholic University Press, 1998 . External links http www.fairfield.edu about about pres bio.html Profile of Rev. Jeffrey P. von Arx, S.J. http digital.fairfield.edu cdm4 item viewer.php?CISOROOT fuhp&CISOPTR 224&CISOBOX 1&REC 12 Rev. Jeffrey P. von Arx, S.J., the 8th President of Fairfield University 2004 present http blog.ctnews.com vonarx The President s View Blog start box succession box title Fairfield University Fairfield University President before Aloysius P. Kelley, S.J. years 2004 &ndash after Current end box Fairfield Unive ... more details
for Samuel Johnson s periodical The Rambler The Rambler was a Catholic periodical literature of the nineteenth century Catholic periodical founded by liberal converts to Catholicism and closely associated with the names of John Dalberg Acton, 1st Baron Acton Lord Acton , Richard Simpson writer Richard Simpson and, for a brief period, John Henry Newman Cardinal Newman . It represented a phase of convert thought which was in opposition to the extreme ultramontanism of William George Ward W. G. Ward and Henry Edward Manning Cardinal Manning , and eventually led to increasing friction with the leading members of the newly established English hierarchy. It was started on 1 January 1848, and its last number was published in May 1862. The Rambler was originally a weekly magazine. Its aim, according to its final number, was blockquote to unite an intelligent and hearty acceptance of Catholic dogma with free enquiry and discussion on questions which the Church left open to debate and while avoiding, as far as possible, the domain of technical theology, to provide a medium for the expression of independent opinion on subjects of the day, whether interesting to the general public or especially affecting Catholics. blockquote Before the end of the year, the magazine was so successful that it was decided to increase the size and to issue it in a monthly form. It continued to be published as a monthly serial from 1 September 1848, to 1 February 1859. From May 1859, a slightly larger version was published every two months. The last number was published in May 1862, and a quarterly journal, The Home and Foreign Review , under the same editorial management, appeared in its place in July of that year. This became one of the most distinguished periodicals of its day, and was praised by Matthew Arnold . ref name Altholz http www.oxforddnb.com view article 25590 Josef L. Altholz Richard Simpson in the Dictionary of National Biography Oxford Dictionary of National Biography . ref Sir Joh ... more details
Infobox Officeholder honorific prefix The Hon. br name Fran ois Xavier Anselme Trudel honorific suffix image Fran ois Xavier Anselme Trudel.png imagesize office Member of the Legislative Assembly of Quebec for Champlain provincial electoral district Champlain predecessor Jean Charles Chapais successor Dominique Napol on Saint Cyr term start 1871 term end 1875 office2 Senate of Canada Senator for List of Quebec senators De Salaberry De Salaberry predecessor2 Louis Renaud successor2 Joseph Tass term start2 1873 term end2 1890 birth date birth date 1838 04 28 birth place Sainte Anne de la P rade La P rade , Lower Canada death date death date and age 1890 01 17 1838 04 28 death place Montreal, Quebec nationality spouse party relations children residence alma mater occupation profession cabinet committees portfolio religion signature website footnotes Fran ois Xavier Anselme Trudel April 28, 1838 January 17, 1890 was a politician in Quebec , Canada . ref http www.assnat.qc.ca en deputes trudel francois xavier anselme 5629 biographie.html Fran ois Xavier Anselme Trudel, Assembl e nationale du Qu bec ref Background He was born on April 28, 1838 in Sainte Anne de la P rade , Mauricie . Member of the legislature Trudel was elected as a Conservative Party of Quebec Conservative candidate to the provincial legislature in the district of Champlain provincial electoral district Champlain in Quebec general election, 1871 1871 . He co authored the Programme Catholique and was an Ultramontanism Ultramontanist . He did not run for re election in Quebec general election, 1875 1875 . Senator He was appointed to the Senate of Canada Canadian Senate in 1873. He joined Honor Mercier s Liberal Party of Quebec Parti National for a short period of time, but eventually became Conservative Party of Canada historical Conservative again. Death He died on January 17, 1890. References reflist External links DictCanbio ID 5876 CanParlbio ID 4aeda089 52e7 4792 922d e5241661c2ac Persondata Metadat ... more details
Image Louise d Esparb s de Lussan.jpg thumb 280px Pastel of Louise d Esparb s de Lussan by Alexandre Kucharski Marie Louise d Esparb s de Lussan , by marriage vicomtesse then comtesse de Polastron Bardigues , 19 October 1764 London, 27 March 1804 was a member of the Esparb s de Lussan family and the mistress of the comte d Artois, who later reigned as Charles X of France . Life The daughter of Louis Fran ois d Esparb s de Lussan and Marie Catherine Julie Rougeot 1746 1764 , she was a lady in waiting to queen Marie Antoinette . She married Denis de Polastron 1758 1821 , half brother to Gabrielle de Polastron, Duchesse de Polignac Yolande de Polastron , countess, then duchess of Polignac , governess of the royal children known as the Enfants de France and intimate friend of the queen. The comte d Artois was a great lover of beautiful women and first saw Louise at the Palace of Versailles Versailles court. He became so lastingly attached to her that he made her his favorite in title though he had no children by her . When she died of tuberculosis in 1804, the comte d Artois was so deeply attached to her that he decided to swear a vow of perpetual chastity. His private life after her death became blameless, and he also became devoted to religion, often enthusiastically supporting the Ultramontanism Ultramontanist movement within France s Roman Catholic Church . Sources fr icon Georges Bordonove , Charles X dernier roi de France et de Navarre , Paris, Pygmalion, coll. Les Rois qui ont fait la France , 1990 ISBN 9782857043232 fr icon Andr Castelot , Charles X La fin d un monde , Paris, Perrin, 1988 ISBN 9782262005450 fr icon Yves Griffon, Charles X roi m connu , Paris, R mi Perrin, 1999 ISBN 9782913960008 fr icon ric Le Nabour, Charles X of France Charles X le dernier roi , preface by Alain Decaux , Paris, ditions Jean Claude Latt s Bibliography fr icon Jules Bertaut, Les Belles migr es , Paris, Club du meilleur livre, 1953 fr icon Monique de Huertas, Louise de Polast ... more details
Paolo Francesco Lorenzani 5 January 1640 &ndash 28 October 1713 was an Italy Italian composer of the baroque Baroque Era . While living in France , he helped promote appreciation for the Italian style of music. Lorenzani was born in Rome and was trained by Orazio Benevoli , maestro di cappella for the Cappella Giulia in Vatican City The Vatican . He served in Rome as maestro di cappella at the Church of the Gesu and Collegio Romano , the first Jesuit university, which later expanded to become Pontifical Gregorian University . ref name wiki de Lorenzani The German Wikipedia Article . Accessed 27 December 2009. ref He later served at the Messina Religious buildings cathedral of Messina in Sicily . ref name genhist John Hawkins. Paolo Lorenzani in A General History of the Science and Practice of Music, V. 2 , p. 674. Kessinger, 2006 . ref In 1678, Lorenzani traveled to Paris , hoping to find fortune. ref Henry Pruni res and Edward Lockspeiser. A New History of Music the Middle Ages to Mozart . Macmillan, 1943 . p. 278. ref His motet s were performed for Louis XIV , ref name wiki who recognized his talent and appointed him music master to the Maria Theresa of Spain queen . ref Roberto Pagano. Alessandro and Domenico Scarlatti Two Lives in One . Pendragon Press, 2006 . p. 139. ref Under orders of the king, Lorenzani traveled back to Italy and recruited singers for the monarch s chapel. ref name genhist Despite assistance from Madame de Montespan , he never achieved sufficient popularity to overcome great antagonism from Jean Baptiste Lully , a great force in French music at the time. Underhanded efforts by Lully probably kept Lorenzani from receiving several available posts at the Chapelle royale in 1683. This setback and the death of the queen marked the beginning of Lorenzani s break with Versailles . ref name wiki Due to his Ultramontanism ultramontane beliefs, he was ordered to leave Versailles, thanks to protests made by Lully. ref John McManners. Church and Society ... more details
Image mile Augier by Adam Salomon c1870s.jpg thumb right Augier by Antoine Samuel Adam Salomon , circa 1870s French literature small Guillaume Victor mile Augier 17 September 1820 25 October 1889 was a French dramatist . He was the thirteenth member to occupy seat 1 of the Acad mie fran aise on 31 March 1857. Biography Augier was born at Valence, Dr me , the grandson of Pigault Lebrun , and belonged to the well to do bourgeoisie in spirit as well as by birth. After a good education and legal training, he wrote a play in two acts and in verse, La Cigu 1844 , which was refused at the Th tre Fran ais , but produced with as considerable success at the Od on . This settled his career. From then on, at fairly regular intervals, either alone or in collaboration with other writers&mdash Jules Sandeau , Eug ne Marin Labiche , douard Foussier &mdash he produced plays such as Le Fils de Giboyer 1862 which was regarded as an attack on the clerical party in France, and was surely brought out by the direct intervention of the emperor. His last comedy , Les Fourchambault , belongs to the year 1879. After that date he wrote no more, restrained by the fear of producing inferior work, and died at his home at Croissy sur Seine . Career Augier described his own life as without incident . L Aventuri re 1848 , the first of his important works, already shows a deviation from romantic ideals and in the Mariage d Olympe 1855 , the courtesan is shown as she is, not glorified as in Alexandre Dumas, fils Dumas s The Lady of the Camellias Dame aux Cam lias . In Gabrielle 1849 , the husband, not the lover, is the sympathetic character . In the libretto, Augier provided the first opera composed by Charles Gounod , Sapho 1851 the courtesan is the perfidious villainess and the self sacrificing title character is wholly heterosexual, not a sapphist. . In the Lionnes pauvres 1858 the wife who sells her favours comes under the lash. Greed of gold, social moralization, ultramontanism, lust of powe ... more details
Image Johann Caspar Bluntschli alt.jpg Johann Kaspar Bluntschli right thumb Johann Caspar also Kaspar Bluntschli March 7, 1808 &ndash October 21, 1881 was a Switzerland Swiss jurist and politician . He was born in Zurich to a soap and candle manufacturer. From school he passed into the Politische Institut a seminary of law and political science in his native town, and proceeding thence to the universities of Berlin and Bonn , took the degree of doctor juris in the latter in 1829. Returning to Zurich in 1830, he threw himself with ardour into the political strife which was at the time unsettling all the cantons of the Confederation, and in this year published Uber die Verfassung der Stadt Zurich On the Constitution of the City of Zurich . This was followed by Des Volk und der Souverä n 1830 , a work in which, while pleading for constitutional government, he showed his bitter repugnance of the growing Swiss radicalism. Elected in 1837 a member of the Grosser Rath Great Council , he became the champion of the moderate conservative party. Fascinated by the metaphysics metaphysical views of the philosopher Friedrich Rohmer 1814 1856 , a man who attracted little other attention, he endeavoured in Psychologische Studien der Staat und Kirche 1844 to apply them to political science generally, and in particular as a panacea for the constitutional troubles of Switzerland. Bluntschli, shortly before his death, remarked, I have gained renown as a jurist, but my greatest desert is to have comprehended Rohmer. This philosophical essay, however, coupled with his uncompromising attitude towards both Radicalism historical radicalism and ultramontanism , brought him many enemies, and rendered his continuance in the council, of which he had been elected president, impossible. He resigned his seat, and on the overthrow of the Sonderbund in 1847, perceiving that all hope of power for his party was lost, took leave of Switzerland with the pamphlet Stimme eines Schweizers ü ber die ... more details
Refimprove date September 2007 Marquis Louis Antoine Caraccioli 6 November 1719 29 May 1803 was a prolific French writer, poet, historian , and biographer long time considered an enemy of Philosophy because of his broad apologetic production. Life Caraccioli was born and wrote in Paris, though he studied in Mans and travelled in Italy, Germany and Poland. His work was not ranked highly in his time one of the old French biographical dictionaries, Nouvelle biographie g n rale , describes him as un litt rateur a maker of literature rather than un crivain a writer . Though he died poor, Caraccioli survived the French Revolution , despite his close ties to French aristocracy during the reigns of Louis XV and Louis XVI . Ruined by the French Revolution, he was awarded a 2000 francs pension by the National Convention in 1795. Caraccioli started his literary career during his travels in Italy. He wrote on a broad range of topics, but he is especially interesting to eighteenth century scholars of manners , Pope Clement XIV and ultramontanism , among other subjects. Caraccioli is best known among book collectors for his color printed books Le livre de quatre couleurs 1757 and Le livre la mode 1759 as well as La jouissance de soi m me 1759 , Li ge de Le v ritable mentor 1759 , Le langage de la raison 1763 , De la gaiet 1767 , L agriculture simplifi e 1769 , Le Voyage de la Raison en Europe 1772 , and Lettres int ressantes du pape Cl ment XIV 1776 , many of which went through numerous editions in Europe and the United States and have been translated into several languages. Lettres int ressantes du pape Cl ment XIV , which are considered by many to be forgeries, initially misled many Europeans about the life of the then recently deceased Pope . One of his most studied collected books, Les adieux de la Mar chale de ses enfants 1769 trans. Advice from a Lady of Quality to her Children, in the Last Stage of a Lingering Illness, In a Series of Evening Conferences on the Most I ... more details
Infobox Politician name Josef Ludwig von Armansperg image Joseph Ludwig von Armansperg.jpg thumb right 300px Josef Ludwig von Armansperg 1787 1853 width height caption small image office Prime Minister of Greece term start June 1, 1835 term end February 14, 1837 predecessor Ioannis Kolettis successor Ignaz von Rundhart constituency majority birth date February 28, 1787 birth place K tzting , Niederbayern death date dda 1853 4 3 1787 02 28 mf y death place Munich , Bavaria party relations spouse civil partner children residence occupation religion Roman Catholic signature website footnotes Josef Ludwig, Graf von Armansperg 28 February 1787 3 April 1853 served as the Interior and Finance Minister 1826 1828 and Foreign and Finance Minister 1828 1831 under Ludwig I of Bavaria King Ludwig I of Bavaria in the government of Bavaria . He was a liberal monarchist and an economic Conservatism conservative who promoted the unification of Germany with his attempts at a tariff union. Later he served as Regent of Greece for the underage Bavarian born king and as his Prime Minister. Early life Von Armansperg was born in K tzting , Lower Bavaria in 1787. In the Napoleonic Wars , in 1813 1814, he was Commissioner of Bavaria in the allied army, and belonged to the board which governed the conquered regions on the Rhine River . He participated in the Congress of Vienna in 1815, and was one of the plenipotentiaries with the allied army during the occupation of France, and administered a large district of that country. In 1825 he was chosen President of the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies, and became leader of the moderate opposition. King Ludwig of Bavaria made him Finance Minister and Minister of Foreign Affairs. He was one of the founders of the German Zollverein , a tariff union instrumental in advancing German unification. By his opposition to the Catholic Ultramontanism ultramontanes , he forfeited the confidence of the king, and retired into priva ... more details
Image YoungTrudeauNemnilivre.jpg thumb Young Trudeau 1919 1944 Son of Quebec, Father of Canada short title Young Trudeau is the intellectual biography of the former Prime Minister of Canada , Pierre Trudeau that deals with his parents, childhood, and education in the province of Quebec from his birth in 1919 until November 1944 when he left to study at Harvard University . Published in 2006 by McClelland and Stewart Douglas Gibson Books ISBN 0 7710 6749 6 , the book was written by retired professor s Max Nemni Max and Monique Nemni , friends and admirers of Pierre Trudeau whom he had convinced to take over as editors of Cit Libre . Max and Monique Nemni spent most of their working lives in the province of Quebec . The authors have both had numerous writings published in academic publications in both the English language English and French language s. Young Trudeau is based on the large collection of private papers and personal diaries of Pierre Trudeau which he gave the authors in 1995 to write his intellectual biography and which had never before been made public. The book s back cover states that what Trudeau was taught at College Jean de Brebeuf and the University of Montreal , was that democracy was bad and that fascism as represented by Benito Mussolini Mussolini and Philippe P tain P tain was good. Thus, even as a young man of twenty three, Trudeau was ignoring the World War II war in Europe and plotting a revolution to take Quebec out of Canada. The picture that emerges is of a Quebec elite that was raised to be pro fascist, and where Nazi atrocities were dismissed as English Canada English Canadian propaganda . Studies at College Jean de Brebeuf The Quebec government abolished the Ministry of Education Quebec Ministry of Education in 1875 to submit to the Ultramontanism ultramontane Roman Catholic clergy which considered education the domain of the family and the Church, not the state. p. 31 The result was that only private secondary schools gave acces ... more details
Infobox Canada Political Party party name Parti National party logo party wikicolourid Liberal status defunct class prov leader president foundation November 17, 1885 dissolution December 21, 1891 headquarters ideology Quebec nationalism Quebec Nationalism , Autonomy , Agrarianism fiscalpolicy socialpolicy international colours Red seats house seats senate website footnotes The Parti National was the name taken by the Liberal Party of Quebec , Canada , under the premiership of Honor Mercier . Origin and beliefs It was founded on November 17, 1885, the day following the execution of M tis Leader Louis Riel . Many French speaking Catholic Catholics resented the way the federal government of John A. Macdonald Sir John A. Macdonald had Riel hung for treason. Mercier proposed to create a broader coalition which would include Conservative Party of Quebec Conservative dissidents as well as his Liberal base. In the following days 50,000 people gathered in the Champ de Mars in Montreal to hear Mercier voice their support for Riel. ref Susan Mann, The Dream of Nation A Social and Intellectual History of Quebec, 2002 ref The Parti National, which was not officially affiliated to any federal party, promised to use the influence of the provincial government protect the autonomy of Quebec as well of its French speaking and Catholic identity. Rise to power The party won a narrow majority of seats to the Legislative Assembly of Quebec in the Quebec general election, 1886 1886 provincial election and took office in January 1887. It won a landslide victory in the Quebec general election, 1890 1890 election , doing poorly only in the Mauricie area where it was opposed by Ultramontanism Ultramontan Catholic Bishop Louis Fran ois Richer Lafl che . Its achievements include ref http www.biographi.ca EN ShowBio.asp?BioId 40417 Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online ref Organizing the first interprovincial conference in Quebec City in 1887 Passing the Jesuit Estates Act , which gave the o ... more details
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