chembox verifiedrevid 418296962 ImageFileL1 Ref chemboximage correct ?? ImageFileL1 L tyrosine skeletal.png ImageSizeL1 120px ImageFileR1 L tyrosine 3D sticks.png ImageSizeR1 120px IUPACName Tyrosine OtherNames ... BoilingPt Solubility Section3 Chembox Hazards MainHazards FlashPt Autoignition Tyrosine abbreviated ... essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word tyrosine is from the Greek language Greek tyri ... ce6 sci A0849873.html title Tyrosine author authorlink coauthors year 2007 work The Columbia Electronic ... www.etymonline.com index.php?term tyrosine title Tyrosine author Douglas Harper authorlink coauthors ... quote accessdate 2008 04 20 ref Functions Aside from being a proteogenic amino acid, tyrosine has ... of protein kinase s so called receptor tyrosine kinase s . Phosphorylation of the hydroxyl group changes the activity of the target protein. A tyrosine residue also plays an important role in photosynthesis ... Tyrosine, which can be synthesized in the body from phenylalanine , is found in many high protein ... Tyrosine url http www.umm.edu altmed articles tyrosine 000329.htm work University of Maryland Medical Center accessdate 2011 03 17 ref Tyrosine can also be obtained through supplementation. Biosynthesis Image Tyrosine biosynthesis2.png thumb right 400px Plant biosynthesis of tyrosine from shikimic ... transaminated using glutamic acid glutamate as the nitrogen source to give tyrosine and Alpha Ketoglutaric acid ketoglutarate . Mammals synthesize tyrosine from the essential amino acid phenylalanine ... tyrosine. Metabolism Image Tyrosine metabolism.png thumb center 500px Catecholamine hormone s produced from tyrosine metabolism. Phosphorylation and sulfation Some of the tyrosine residues can be tagged ... state, it is referred to as phosphotyrosine . Tyrosine phosphorylation is considered to be one ... through specific antibody antibodies . Tyrosine residues may also be modified by the addition of a sulfate group, a process known as tyrosine sulfation . ref name pmid17046811 cite journal author ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 enzyme Name tyrosine decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.25 CAS number 9002 09 9 IUBMB EC number 4 1 1 25 GO code 0004837 image width caption In enzymology , a tyrosine decarboxylase EC number 4.1.1.25 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction L tyrosine math rightleftharpoons math tyramine CO sub 2 sub Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , L tyrosine , and two product chemistry products , tyramine and carbon dioxide . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically the carboxy lyases, which cleave carbon carbon bonds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L tyrosine carboxy lyase tyramine forming . Other names in common use include L tyrosine decarboxylase , L tyrosine apodecarboxylase , and L tyrosine carboxy lyase . This enzyme participates in tyrosine metabolism and alkaloid biosynthesis. It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , pyridoxal phosphate . References Reflist 1 cite journal author McGilvery RW and Cohen PP date 1948 title The decarboxylation of L phenylalanine by Streptococcus faecalis R journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 174 pages 813&ndash 816 Category EC 4.1.1 Category Pyridoxal phosphate enzymes Category Enzymes of unknown structure 4.1 enzyme stub ... more details
Tyrosine sulfation is a posttranslational modification where a sulfate group is added to a tyrosine residue of a protein molecule. Secreted proteins and extracellular parts of membrane proteins that pass through the Golgi apparatus may be sulfated. Sulfation was first discovered by Betteheim in bovine fibrinopeptide B in 1954 and later found be present in animals and plants but not in prokaryotes or in yeast. Function Sulfation plays role in strengthening protein protein interactions. Types of human proteins known to undergo tyrosine sulfation include adhesion molecules, G protein coupled receptors, coagulation factors, serine protease inhibitor s, extracellular matrix proteins, and hormones. Tyrosine O sulfate is a stable molecule and is excreted in urine in animals. No enzymatic mechanism of tyrosine sulfate desulfation is known to exist. By knock out of TPST genes in mice, it may be observed that tyrosine sulfation has effects on the growth of the mice, such as body weight, fecundity, and postnatal viability. Mechanism Sulfation is catalyzed by tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase TPST in Golgi apparatus . The reaction catalyzed by TPST is a transfer of sulfate from the universal sulfate donor 3 Phosphoadenosine 5 phosphosulfate PAPS to the side chain hydroxyl group of a tyrosine residue. Sulfation sites are tyrosine residues exposed on the surface of the protein typically surrounded ... limited evidence that the TPST genes are subject to transcriptional regulation and tyrosine O sulfate is very stable and cannot be easily degraded by mammalian sulfatases. Tyrosine O sulfation is an irreversible process in vivo . Antibody for detection of tyrosine sulfated epitopes In 2006, an article ... KL title The biology and enzymology of protein tyrosine O sulfation journal J. Biol. Chem. volume ... cgi content full 278 27 24243 cite journal author Hoffhines AJ title Detection and purification of tyrosine ... structure DEFAULTSORT Tyrosine Sulfation Category Posttranslational modification ja ... more details
enzyme Name tyrosine 2,3 aminomutase EC number 5.4.3.6 CAS number 9073 38 5 IUBMB EC number 5 4 3 6 GO code 0050368 image width caption Orphan date April 2009 Refimprove date April 2009 In enzymology , a tyrosine 2,3 aminomutase EC number 5.4.3.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction L tyrosine math rightleftharpoons math 3 amino 3 4 hydroxyphenyl propanoate Hence, this enzyme has one substrate biochemistry substrate , L tyrosine , and one product chemistry product , 3 amino 3 4 hydroxyphenyl propanoate . This enzyme belongs to the family of isomerase s, specifically those intramolecular transferase s transferring amino groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L tyrosine 2,3 aminomutase . This enzyme is also called tyrosine alpha,beta mutase . This enzyme participates in tyrosine metabolism . It employs one cofactor, 5 methylene 3,5 dihydroimidazol 4 one MIO which is formed autocatalytic rearrangement of the internal tripeptide Ala Ser Gly. Structural studies As of late 2007, only one tertiary structure structure has been solved for this class of enzymes, with the Protein Data Bank PDB accession code PDB link 2OHY . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kurylo Borowska Z, Abramsky T date 1972 title Biosynthesis of tyrosine journal Biochim. Biophys. Acta. volume 264 pages 1&ndash 10 pmid 5021987 issue 1 Category EC 5.4.3 Category Enzymes of known structure isomerase stub ... more details
PBB geneid 7054 Tyrosine hydroxylase or tyrosine 3 monooxygenase is the enzyme responsible for catalyzing the conversion of the amino acid L tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine DOPA . ref name pmid8638482 cite journal author Kaufman S title Tyrosine hydroxylase journal Adv. Enzymol. Relat. Areas Mol. Biol ... ref name pmid8822146 cite journal author Nagatsu T title Tyrosine hydroxylase human isoforms, structure ... adrenaline . In humans, tyrosine hydroxylase is encoded by the TH gene . ref name pmid8822146 ... in the production of catecholamines do. Image Tyrosine hydroxylase.PNG thumb left 400px Tyrosine hydroxylase catalyzes tyrosine to dihydroxyphenylalanine br style clear left Clinical significance Tyrosine hydroxylase can be inhibited by the drug methyl para tyrosine Metirosine . This inhibition can ... L Dopa L 3,4 dyhydroxyphenylalanine which is systhesized by tyrosine hydroxylase. This drug is rarely ... . Image Dopamine.png thumb left 150px Dopamine br style clear left Tyrosine hydroxylase ..., Perheentupa J, Gustafsson J, Husebye E, Rorsman F, K mpe O title Identification of tyrosine hydroxylase ... tyrosine hydroxylase inhibitor from microbial origin journal J. Am. Chem. Soc. volume 93 issue ... of tyrosine hydroxylase by aquayamycin journal J. Antibiot. volume 21 issue 5 pages 350 3 year ... reading citations cite journal author Masserano JM, Weiner N title Tyrosine hydroxylase regulation ... of the HUMTH01 microsatellite in the Tyrosine Hydroxylase gene. journal Mol. Neurobiol. volume 26 ... TH, Park DH, Reis DJ title Direct phosphorylation of brain tyrosine hydroxylase by cyclic AMP dependent ..., mediate the phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase at serine 31 in situ. journal Proc. Natl. Acad ... 48658 cite journal author Haycock JW title Phosphorylation of tyrosine hydroxylase in situ at serine ... tyrosine hydroxylase gene to 11p15 gene duplication and evolution of metabolic pathways. journal Cytogenet ... journal author Grima B, Lamouroux A, Boni C, et al. title A single human gene encoding multiple tyrosine ... more details
dablink Tyrosine kinases are a subclass of protein kinase , see there for the principles of protein phosphorylation Pfam box Symbol Pkinase Tyr Name Protein tyrosine kinase image PDB 1m61 EBI.jpg width caption Tyrosine protein kinase zap 70 Pfam PF07714 InterPro IPR001245 SMART TyrKc Prosite PDOC00629 ... 968 PDB3 1xkk A 712 968 PDB3 1m17 A 712 968 PDB3 1ovc A 737 976 PDB3 1yvj A 822 1095 A tyrosine kinase ... to the amino acid tyrosine on the protein. Tyrosine kinases are a subgroup of the larger class ..., such as imatinib , are often effective cancer treatments. Most tyrosine kinases have an associated protein tyrosine phosphatase , which removes the phosphate group. Reaction Protein kinases ... kinase serine threonine specific and tyrosine specific this domain . ref name pmid3291115 cite journal ... a nucleoside triphosphate donor, such as ATP, to an acceptor molecule. ref name Lehninger 2008 Tyrosine kinases catalyze the phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in proteins. ref name Lehninger 2008 ... isbn 1 4292 2416 9 oclc doi url accessdate ref The phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in turn ... at tyrosine residues controls a wide range of properties in proteins such as enzyme activity ... tyrosine kinases function in many signal transduction cascades wherein extracellular signals are transmitted ... G title Association of Lyn tyrosine kinase with the nuclear matrix and cell cycle dependent changes in matrix associated tyrosine kinase activity journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 236 issue 2 pages 352 ... can cause some tyrosine kinases to become constitutively active, a nonstop functional state that may contribute to initiation or progression of cancer. Tyrosine kinases function in a variety of processes, pathways, and actions, and is responsible for key events in the body. The receptor tyrosine kinases function in transmembrane signaling, whereas tyrosine kinases within the cell function in signal ... by endotoxin in the rat a possible role for protein tyrosine kinase journal Br. J. Pharmacol. volume ... more details
protein Name tyrosine aminotransferase caption Crystallographic structure of the TAT enzyme rainbow colored ... name Karlberg PDB 3DYD cite journal author Karlberg T, Moche M, Andersson J, et al. title Human tyrosine ... Tyrosine aminotransferase or tyrosine transaminase is an enzyme present in the liver and catalyzes the conversion of tyrosine to 4 hydroxyphenylpyruvate . ref name pmid1349265 cite journal author Dietrich JB title Tyrosine aminotransferase a transaminase among others? journal Cellular and molecular ..., the tyrosine aminotransferase protein is encoded by the TAT gene . A deficiency of the enzyme in humans can result in what is known as Type II Tyrosinemia, wherein there is an abundance of tyrosine as a result of tyrosine failing to undergo an aminotransferase reaction to form 4 hydroxyphenylpyruvate ... Isolation and characterization of the human tyrosine aminotransferase gene journal Nucleic Acids Res ... by the tyrosine aminotransferase enzyme are shown below the amino acid tyrosine , the prosthetic ... . Image 3strucfinal.jpg Image DimerTAT.jpg thumb right Ribbon diagram of the tyrosine aminotransferase ... bonded to the Lys280 residue of the tyrosine aminotransferase molecule. The amine group of tyrosine ... the tyrosine in transimination. The electrons left behind from the loss of the proton move down to form .... Notice sandwich effect of the two groups to hold PLP in the correct orientation Tyrosine Aminotransferase ... Tyrosinemia is the most common metabolic disease associated with tyrosine aminotransferase. The disease results from a deficiency in hepatic tyrosine aminotransferase. ref name pmid1357662 cite journal author Natt E, Kida K, Odievre M, Di Rocco M, Scherer G title Point mutations in the tyrosine ... hyperkeratosis, mental retardation, and elevated blood tyrosine levels. ref name pmid1357662 Keratitis in Tyrosinemia type II patients is caused by the deposition of tyrosine crystals in the cornea ..., Iizuka H title Richner Hanhart syndrome report of a case with a novel mutation of tyrosine aminotransferase ... more details
enzyme Name tyrosine phenol lyase EC number 4.1.99.2 CAS number 9059 31 8 IUBMB EC number 4 1 99 2 GO code 0050371 image width caption In enzymology , a tyrosine phenol lyase EC number 4.1.99.2 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction L tyrosine H sub 2 sub O math rightleftharpoons math phenol pyruvate NH sub 3 sub Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are L tyrosine and water H sub 2 sub O , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are phenol , pyruvate , and ammonia NH sub 3 sub . This enzyme belongs to the family of lyase s, specifically in the catch all class of carbon carbon lyases. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L tyrosine phenol lyase deaminating pyruvate forming . Other names in common use include beta tyrosinase , and L tyrosine phenol lyase deaminating . This enzyme participates in tyrosine metabolism and nitrogen metabolism . It employs one cofactor biochemistry cofactor , pyridoxal phosphate . Structural studies As of late 2007, 5 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1C7G , PDB link 1TPL , PDB link 2EZ1 , PDB link 2EZ2 , and PDB link 2TPL . References reflist 1 cite journal author Kumagai H, Yamada H, Matsui H, Ohkishi H, Ogata K date 1970 title Tyrosine phenol lyase. I. Purification, crystallization, and properties journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 245 pages 1767&ndash 72 pmid 4908868 issue 7 cite journal author Kumagai H, Yamada H, Matsui H, Ohkishi H, Ogata K date 1970 title Tyrosine phenol lyase. II. Cofactor requrements journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 245 pages 1773&ndash 7 pmid 4908869 issue 7 4.1 enzyme stub Category EC 4.1.99 Category Pyridoxal phosphate enzymes Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
enzyme Name tyrosine ester sulfotransferase EC number 2.8.2.9 CAS number 9055 56 5 IUBMB EC number 2 8 2 9 GO code 0017067 image width caption In enzymology , a tyrosine ester sulfotransferase EC number 2.8.2.9 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction 3 phosphoadenylyl sulfate L tyrosine methyl ester math rightleftharpoons math adenosine 3 ,5 bisphosphate L tyrosine methyl ester 4 sulfate Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are 3 phosphoadenylyl sulfate and L tyrosine methyl ester , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine 3 ,5 bisphosphate and L tyrosine methyl ester 4 sulfate . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically the sulfotransferases, which transfer sulfur containing groups. The systematic name of this enzyme class is 3 phosphoadenylyl sulfate L tyrosine methyl ester sulfotransferase . Other names in common use include aryl sulfotransferase IV , and L tyrosine methyl ester sulfotransferase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Duffel MW, Jakoby WB date 1981 title On the mechanism of aryl sulfotransferase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 256 pages 11123&ndash 7 pmid 6945304 issue 21 cite journal author Mattock P, Jones JG date 1970 title Partial purification and properties of an enzyme from rat liver that catalyses the sulphation of L tyrosyl derivatives journal Biochem. J. volume 116 pages 797&ndash 803 pmid 5441369 issue 5 pmc 1185501 cite journal author Sekura RD, Jakoby WB date 1981 title Aryl sulfotransferase IV from rat liver journal Arch. Biochem. Biophys. volume 211 pages 352&ndash 9 pmid 6946725 doi 10.1016 0003 9861 81 90464 1 issue 1 transferase stub Category EC 2.8.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name tubulin tyrosine ligase EC number 6.3.2.25 CAS number 60321 03 1 IUBMB EC number 6 3 2 25 GO code 0004835 image width caption In enzymology , a tubulin tyrosine ligase EC number 6.3.2.25 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP detyrosinated alpha tubulin L tyrosine math rightleftharpoons math alpha tubulin ADP phosphate The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , detyrosinated alpha tubulin , and L tyrosine , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are alpha tubulin , adenosine diphosphate ADP , and phosphate . This enzyme belongs to the family of ligase s, specifically those forming carbon nitrogen bonds as acid D amino acid ligases peptide synthases . The systematic name of this enzyme class is alpha tubulin L tyrosine ligase ADP forming . References reflist 1 cite journal author Wehland J, Schroder HC, Weber K date 1986 title Isolation and purification of tubulin tyrosine ligase journal Methods Enzymol. volume 134 pages 170&ndash 9 pmid 3821560 doi 10.1016 0076 6879 86 34086 2 cite journal author Rudiger M, Wehland J, Weber K date 1994 title The carboxy terminal peptide of detyrosinated alpha tubulin provides a minimal system to study the substrate specificity of tubulin tyrosine ligase journal Eur. J. Biochem. volume 220 pages 309&ndash 20 pmid 7510228 doi 10.1111 j.1432 1033.1994.tb18627.x issue 2 ligase stub Category EC 6.3.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name non membrane spanning protein tyrosine kinase EC number 2.7.10.2 CAS number IUBMB EC number 2 7 10 2 GO code 0004715 image width caption Non receptor tyrosine kinases or non specific protein tyrosine kinases are enzyme s that can transfer a phosphate group from Adenosine triphosphate ATP to a tyrosine residue in a protein . Non receptor tyrosine kinases are a subgroup of the larger class of tyrosine kinase s. Phosphorylation of proteins by kinases is an important mechanism in signal transduction for regulation of enzyme activity. Structural studies As of late 2007, 37 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 2DM0 , PDB link 2DQ7 , PDB link 2E2B , PDB link 2E6I , PDB link 2EKX , PDB link 2GQG , PDB link 2H8H , PDB link 2HDA , PDB link 2HIW , PDB link 2HK5 , PDB link 2HWO , PDB link 2HWP , PDB link 2HYY , PDB link 2HZ0 , PDB link 2HZ4 , PDB link 2HZI , PDB link 2HZN , PDB link 2IJM , PDB link 2IN6 , PDB link 2IO6 , PDB link 2J0J , PDB link 2J0K , PDB link 2J0L , PDB link 2J0M , PDB link 2O88 , PDB link 2OF2 , PDB link 2OF4 , PDB link 2OFU , PDB link 2OFV , PDB link 2OG8 , PDB link 2OI3 , PDB link 2OIQ , PDB link 2OQ1 , PDB link 2OZO , PDB link 2QOH , PDB link 2V7A , and PDB link 2Z60 . References reflist 1 cite journal author Robinson DR, Wu YM, Lin SF date 2000 title The protein tyrosine kinase family of the human genome journal Oncogene. volume 19 pages 5548&ndash 57 pmid 11114734 doi 10.1038 sj.onc.1203957 issue 49 cite journal author Roskoski R Jr date 2004 title Src protein tyrosine kinase structure and regulation journal Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. volume 324 pages 1155&ndash 64 pmid 15504335 doi 10.1016 j.bbrc.2004.09.171 issue 4 enzyme stub Tyrosine kinases Intracellular signaling peptides and proteins Category EC 2.7.10 Category Enzymes of known structure ... more details
enzyme Name tyrosine arginine ligase EC number 6.3.2.24 CAS number 116036 78 3 IUBMB EC number 6 3 2 24 GO code 0050367 image width caption In enzymology , a tyrosine arginine ligase EC number 6.3.2.24 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP L tyrosine L arginine math rightleftharpoons math AMP diphosphate L tyrosyl L arginine The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , L tyrosine , and L arginine , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenosine monophosphate AMP , diphosphate , and L tyrosyl L arginine . This enzyme belongs to the family of ligase s, specifically those forming carbon nitrogen bonds as acid D amino acid ligases peptide synthases . The systematic name of this enzyme class is L tyrosine L arginine ligase AMP forming . Other names in common use include tyrosyl arginine synthase , kyotorphin synthase , kyotorphin synthesizing enzyme , and kyotorphin synthetase . References reflist 1 cite journal author Ueda H, Yoshihara Y, Fukushima N, Shiomi H, Nakamura A, Takagi H date 1987 title Kyotorphin tyrosine arginine synthetase in rat brain synaptosomes journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 262 pages 8165&ndash 73 pmid 3597366 month Jun first1 H first2 Y first3 N first4 H first5 A first6 H issue 17 issn 0021 9258 url http www.jbc.org cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 3597366 format Free full text ligase stub Category EC 6.3.2 Category Enzymes of unknown structure ... more details
enzyme Name tyrosine 3 monooxygenase kinase EC number 2.7.11.6 CAS number 103537 12 8 IUBMB EC number 2 7 11 6 GO code 0050369 image width caption In enzymology , a tyrosine 3 monooxygenase kinase EC number 2.7.11.6 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP tyrosine 3 monooxygenase math rightleftharpoons math ADP phospho tyrosine 3 monooxygenase Thus, the two substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP and tyrosine 3 monooxygenase , whereas its two product chemistry products are adenosine diphosphate ADP and phospho tyrosine 3 monooxygenase . This enzyme belongs to the family of transferase s, specifically those transferring a phosphate group to the sidechain oxygen atom of serine or threonine residues in protein s protein serine threonine kinase s . The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP tyrosine 3 monoxygenase phosphotransferase . Other names in common use include pheochromocytoma tyrosine hydroxylase associated kinase , STK4 , and tyrosine 3 monooxygenase kinase phosphorylating . This enzyme participates in mapk signaling pathway and non small cell lung cancer . References reflist 1 cite journal author Pigeon D, Drissi Daoudi R, Gros F, Thibault J date 1986 title Copurification of tyrosine hydroxylase from rat pheochromocytoma by protein kinase journal C. R. Acad. Sci. III. volume 302 pages 435&ndash 8 pmid 2872947 issue 12 cite journal author Pigeon D, Ferrara P, Gros F, Thibault J date 1987 title Rat pheochromocytoma tyrosine hydroxylase is phosphorylated on serine 40 by an associated protein kinase journal J. Biol. Chem. volume 262 pages 6155&ndash 8 pmid 2883182 issue 13 Category EC 2.7.11 Category Enzymes of unknown structure enzyme stub ... more details
enzyme Name tyrosine tRNA ligase EC number 6.1.1.1 CAS number 9023 45 4 IUBMB EC number 6 1 1 1 GO code 0004831 image width caption In enzymology , a tyrosine tRNA ligase EC number 6.1.1.1 is an enzyme that catalysis catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP L tyrosine RNA math rightleftharpoons math AMP triphosphate L tyrosyl tRNATyr The 3 substrate biochemistry substrates of this enzyme are adenosine triphosphate ATP , L tyrosine , and RNA , whereas its 3 product chemistry products are adenosine monophosphate AMP , triphosphate , and L tyrosyl tRNA Tyr . This enzyme belongs to the family of ligase s, specifically those forming carbon oxygen bonds in aminoacyl tRNA and related compounds. The systematic name of this enzyme class is L tyrosine tRNATyr ligase AMP forming . This enzyme participates in phenylalanine , tyrosine biosynthesis tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis and aminoacyl trna biosynthesis . Structural studies As of late 2007, 34 tertiary structure structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with Protein Data Bank PDB accession codes PDB link 1H3E , PDB link 1J1U , PDB link 1JH3 , PDB link 1JII , PDB link 1JIJ , PDB link 1JIK , PDB link 1JIL , PDB link 1N3L , PDB link 1NTG , PDB link 1Q11 , PDB link 1TYA , PDB link 1TYB , PDB link 1TYC , PDB link 1TYD , PDB link 1U7D , PDB link 1U7X , PDB link 1VBM , PDB link 1VBN , PDB link 1WQ3 , PDB link 1WQ4 , PDB link 1X8X , PDB link 1Y42 , PDB link 1ZH0 , PDB link 1ZH6 , PDB link 2AG6 , PDB link 2CYA , PDB link 2CYB , PDB link 2CYC , PDB link 2DLC , PDB link 2HGZ , PDB link 2J5B , PDB link 2TS1 , PDB link 3TS1 , and PDB link 4TS1 . References reflist 1 cite journal author ALLEN EH, GLASSMAN E, SCHWEET RS date 1960 ..., SAAD F, WILLIAMS HH date 1961 title Partial purification of the threonine and tyrosine activating enzymes from rat liver, and the effect of patassium ions on the activity of the tyrosine enzyme journal ... EH date 1958 title Purification and properties of tyrosine activating enzyme of hog pancreas journal ... more details
A tyrosine kinase inhibitor TKI is a pharmaceutical drug that inhibits tyrosine kinase s, enzyme s responsible for the activation of signal transduction cascades through phosphorylation of various proteins . TKIs are typically used as anti cancer drugs. They are also called tyrphostins , the short name for tyrosine phosphorylation Enzyme inhibitor inhibitor , originally coined in a 1988 publication, ref cite journal author Yaish P, Gazit A, Gilon C, Levitzki A. title Blocking of EGF dependent cell proliferation by EGF receptor kinase inhibitors. year 1988 journal Science volume 242 issue 4880 pages 933 935 pmid 3263702 ref which was the first description of compounds inhibiting the Catalysis catalytic activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor EGFR . The 1988 study was the first demonstration of a systematic search and discovery of small molecular weight inhibitors of tyrosine phosphorylation, which do not inhibit protein kinase s that phosphorylate serine or threonine residues and can ... shown that in spite of the conservation of the tyrosine kinase domains one can design and synthesize tyrphostins that discriminate between even closely related protein tyrosine kinases such as EGFR ... tyrphostins as potent inhibitors of EGF receptor and ErbB2 neu tyrosine kinases. year ... pmid 8098709 ref Development of drugs Numerous tyrphostins TKIs aiming at various tyrosine kinases ... Y, Levitzki A. title Tyrphostin induced inhibition of p210bcr abl tyrosine kinase activity induces ... J, Lydon NB. title Effects of a selective inhibitor of the Abl tyrosine kinase on the growth of Bcr ... by tyrphostins of the tyrosine kinase activity of the epidermal growth factor receptor and analysis ... and other tyrosine kinase inhibitors. year 2006 journal Annu Rev Biochem volume 75 pages 93 109 pmid .... See also Bcr Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor Protein kinase inhibitor References reflist Extracellular chemotherapeutic agents Category Tyrosine kinase inhibitors de Tyrosinkinase Inhibitor es Inhibidor ... more details
enzyme Name receptor protein tyrosine kinase EC number 2.7.10.1 CAS number IUBMB EC number 2 7 10 1 GO code 0004714 image width caption Receptor tyrosine kinases RTK s are the high dissociation constant ... s, and hormone s. Of the 90 unique tyrosine kinase gene s identified in the human genome , 58 encode receptor tyrosine kinase proteins. ref name robinson1 cite journal author Robinson DR, Wu YM, Lin SF. title The protein tyrosine kinase family of the human genome journal Oncogene year 2000 volume 19 issue 49 pages 5548 5557 pmid 11114734 doi 10.1038 sj.onc.1203957 ref Receptor tyrosine kinases ... Zwick, E. Bange, J. Ullrich, A. title Receptor tyrosine kinase signalling as a target for cancer ... 11566607 doi 10.1677 erc.0.0080161 ref Receptor tyrosine kinase classes Approximately 20 different ... class IX AXL receptor tyrosine kinase AXL receptor family RTK class X Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase ... XII Receptor tyrosine kinase like orphan receptor ROR receptor family RTK class XIII DDR1 DDR receptor ... RTK class XVI related to receptor tyrosine kinase RYK receptor family RTK class XVII MuSK protein ... growth factor or hormone . ref name Receptor tyrosine kinase signalling as a target for cancer intervention strategies cite journal author editorial title Receptor tyrosine kinase signalling ... autophosphorylation and tyrosine phosphorylation of RTK substrates. ref name Receptor tyrosine kinase ... tyrosine kinase signalling as a target for cancer intervention strategies journal Endocrine Related ... groups from targets, is known as a phosphatase . Kinase enzymes that specifically phosphorylate tyrosine amino acids are termed tyrosine kinases . center gallery image of phosphate, not phosphoric acid ... chemical structure.png center Adenosine triphosphate ATP center Image L tyrosine skeletal.png center Tyrosine center gallery center When a growth factor binds to the extracellular domain of an RTK, its ... on multiple specific intracellular tyrosine residue chemistry residue s. Signal transduction ... more details
PBB geneid 4058 Leukocyte receptor tyrosine kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the LTK gene . ref name pmid2320375 cite journal author Maru Y, Hirai H, Takaku F title Human ltk gene structure and preferential expression in human leukemic cells journal Oncogene Res volume 5 issue 3 pages 199 204 year 1990 month May pmid 2320375 pmc doi ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene LTK leukocyte tyrosine kinase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 4058 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot ... by this gene is a member of the ros insulin receptor family of tyrosine kinases whose ligand is unknown. Tyrosine specific phosphorylation of proteins is a key to the control of diverse pathways ... H year 1994 month Oct. title Human ltk receptor tyrosine kinase binds to PLC gamma 1, PI3 K, GAP ... The phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase pathway is required for the survival signal of leukocyte tyrosine ... protein tyrosine kinase. journal Embo J. volume 10 issue 10 pages 2911 9 year 1991 pmid 1655406 doi ... of new human tyrosine kinase genes. journal Oncogene volume 5 issue 3 pages 277 82 year 1990 pmid 2156206 ... H, Kozutsumi H, Maru Y, et al. title Differently spliced cDNAs of human leukocyte tyrosine kinase receptor tyrosine kinase predict receptor proteins with and without a tyrosine kinase domain and a soluble ... H, Hagiwara K, et al. title Human ltk receptor tyrosine kinase binds to PLC gamma 1, PI3 K ... motifs within leukocyte tyrosine kinase, an insulin receptor related tyrosine kinase. journal J. Biol ... journal author Snijders AJ, Ho SC, Haase VH, et al. title A lymphocyte specific Ltk tyrosine kinase ... for the survival signal of leukocyte tyrosine kinase. journal Oncogene volume 14 issue 25 pages ... Reggiani M, Van Huijsduijnen RH title The SPOT technique as a tool for studying protein tyrosine phosphatase ... 10.1093 hmg ddh020 refend Tyrosine kinases The PBB Controls template provides controls for Protein ... more details
Expert subject date May 2010 Protein tyrosine phosphatases PTPs are a group of enzymes that remove phosphate groups from phosphorylated tyrosine residues on proteins. Protein tyrosine pTyr phosphorylation ..., maintaining an appropriate level of protein tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for many cellular functions. Tyrosine specific protein phosphatases PTPase EC number 3.1.3.48 catalyse the removal of a phosphate group attached to a tyrosine residue, using a cysteinyl phosphate enzyme intermediate ... title Protein tyrosine phosphatases mechanisms of catalysis and regulation journal Curr Opin Chem Biol ... PJ title Receptor and nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatases in the nervous system journal ... 7 ref . Functions Together with tyrosine kinase s, PTPs regulate the phosphorylation state of many ... components of signal transduction cascades, despite less study and understanding compared to tyrosine ... cite journal author Sun JP, Zhang ZY, Wang WQ title An overview of the protein tyrosine phosphatase ... cite journal author Alonso A, Sasin J, et al. title Protein tyrosine phosphatases in the human genome ... ref . Links to all 107 members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase family can be found in the template Protein tyrosine phosphatases template at the bottom of this article. Class I The class I PTPs ... 21 receptor tyrosine phosphatase 17 non receptor type PTPs. 61 VH 1 like or dual specific phosphatases ... dual specificity protein tyrosine phosphatases. Ser Thr and Tyr dual specificity phosphatases are a group of enzymes with both Ser Thr EC number 3.1.3.16 and tyrosine specific protein phosphatase EC number 3.1.3.48 activity able to remove both the serine threonine or tyrosine bound phosphate group ... on tyrosine phosphorylated proteins, low MW aryl phosphates and natural and synthetic acyl phosphates ... structure of human receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase kappa phosphatase domain 1 journal Protein ... MR, Perkins LA, Melnick MB title The nonreceptor protein tyrosine phosphatase corkscrew functions ... more details
PBB geneid 558 Tyrosine protein kinase receptor UFO is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the AXL ... primary human myeloid leukemia cells, encodes a novel receptor tyrosine kinase journal Mol Cell Biol ... cite web title Entrez Gene AXL AXL receptor tyrosine kinase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites ... title summary text The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the receptor tyrosine kinase subfamily. Although it is similar to other receptor tyrosine kinases, the Axl protein represents a unique ... entrez cite web title Entrez Gene AXL AXL receptor tyrosine kinase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 558 accessdate ref Interactions AXL receptor tyrosine ... Bj rn year 2002 month Dec. title Interaction of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase with C1 TEN, a novel ... Neubauer A, Burchert A, Maiwald C, et al. title Recent progress on the role of Axl, a receptor tyrosine ... author Janssen JW, Schulz AS, Steenvoorden AC, et al. title A novel putative tyrosine kinase receptor ... doi cite journal author Partanen J, M kel TP, Alitalo R, et al. title Putative tyrosine kinases ... A, Fiebeler A, Graham DK, et al. title Expression of axl, a transforming receptor tyrosine kinase ... tyrosine kinase, Axl, is post translationally regulated by proteolytic cleavage. journal J. Biol ... author Lee ST, Strunk KM, Spritz RA title A survey of protein tyrosine kinase mRNAs expressed in normal ... Intracellular signaling of the Ufo Axl receptor tyrosine kinase is mediated mainly by a multi substrate ... of receptor type protein tyrosine kinase genes in the human thyroid. journal Endocrinology volume ... of growth arrest specific gene 6 and receptor tyrosine kinases, Axl and Sky, in human uterine endometrium ... Hafizi S, Alindri F, Karlsson R, Dahlb ck B title Interaction of Axl receptor tyrosine kinase ... tyrosine kinase, Axl, and its ligand, Gas6, in pediatric thyroid carcinomas around chernobyl. journal ... PDB Gallery geneid 558 gene 19 stub Tyrosine kinases The PBB Controls template provides controls ... more details
PBB geneid 6259 The related to receptor tyrosine kinase RYK gene encodes the protein Ryk. The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text The protein encoded by this gene is an atypical member of the family of growth factor receptor protein tyrosine kinases, differing from other members at a number of conserved residues in the activation and nucleotide binding domains. This gene product belongs to a subfamily whose members do not appear to be regulated by phosphorylation in the activation segment. It has been suggested that mediation of biological activity by recruitment of a signaling competent auxiliary protein may occur through an as yet uncharacterized mechanism. Two alternative splice ... Gene RYK RYK receptor like tyrosine kinase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ... tyrosine kinase related molecule with unusual kinase domain motifs journal Proc. Natl. Acad ... tyrosine kinase family members, RYK is composed of three domains, an N terminal domain, an extracellular ... domain. However, in contrast to other receptor tyrosine kinase s the C terminal domain ... al. title Putative tyrosine kinases expressed in K 562 human leukemia cells. journal Proc. Natl. Acad ... genes encoding the protein tyrosine kinase receptor related protein RYK. journal Mamm. Genome volume ... KM, Spritz RA title A survey of protein tyrosine kinase mRNAs expressed in normal human melanocytes ... homologue of a receptor related to tyrosine kinases RYK . journal Oncogene volume 8 issue ... segments and a tyrosine kinase catalytic domain. journal Oncogene volume 8 issue 7 pages 2009 2014 ... RB, Ganesan TS title Functional analysis of H Ryk, an atypical member of the receptor tyrosine ... pmc 84612 cite journal author Trivier E, Ganesan TS title RYK, a catalytically inactive receptor tyrosine ... year 2007 pmid 17672918 doi 10.1186 gb 2007 8 8 r154 pmc 2374985 refend Tyrosine kinases The PBB ... more details
PBB geneid 640 Tyrosine protein kinase BLK also known as B lymphocyte kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the BLK gene . ref name pmid7845672 cite journal author Drebin JA, Hartzell SW, Griffin C, Campbell MJ, Niederhuber JE title Molecular cloning and chromosomal localization of the human homologue of a B lymphocyte specific protein tyrosine kinase blk journal Oncogene volume 10 issue 3 pages 477 86 year 1995 month Mar pmid 7845672 pmc doi ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene BLK B lymphoid tyrosine kinase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov sites entrez?Db gene&Cmd ShowDetailView&TermToSearch 640 accessdate ref The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Interactions The tyrosine protein kinase BLK has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with UBE3A . ref name pmid10449731 cite journal author Oda , KS, Howley PM year 1999 month August title Regulation of the Src family tyrosine kinase Blk through E6AP mediated ubiquitination journal PNAS Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. volume 96 issue 17 pages 9557 62 pmid 10449731 doi 10.1073 pnas.96.17.9557 ... author Dymecki SM, Niederhuber JE, Desiderio SV title Specific expression of a tyrosine kinase gene ... tyrosine kinase related to murine Blk. journal J. Immunol. volume 154 issue 3 pages 1265 72 year 1995 ... product of the c cbl protooncogene is the 120 kDa tyrosine phosphorylated protein in Jurkat cells ... of sites on the Src family protein tyrosine kinases p55blk, p59fyn, and p56lyn which interact with the effector ... P, et al. title In vivo and in vitro specificity of protein tyrosine kinases for immunoglobulin G receptor ... of Src family tyrosine kinases regulates functional interaction with a B cell substrate. journal ... author Oda H, Kumar S, Howley PM title Regulation of the Src family tyrosine kinase Blk through ... issue 19 pages 19512 22 year 2004 pmid 14970218 doi 10.1074 jbc.M309074200 refend gene 8 stub Tyrosine ... more details
PBB geneid 1445 C src tyrosine kinase , also known as CSK , is a human protein and gene . It includes an SH2 domain , an SH3 domain , and a tyrosine kinase domain. This protein specifically phosphorylate s Tyr 504 residue on human Lck leukocyte specific protein tyrosine kinase , which acts as a negative regulatory site . It may also act on the LYN and FYN kinases. The PBB Summary template is automatically maintained by Protein Box Bot. See Template PBB Controls to Stop updates. PBB Summary section title summary text Interactions C src tyrosine kinase has been shown to Protein protein interaction interact with YTHDC1 , ref name pmid15175272 cite journal last Rafalska first Ilona authorlink coauthors Zhang Zhaiyi, Benderska Natalya, Wolff Horst, Hartmann Annette M, Brack Werner Ruth, Stamm Stefan date August 2004 title The intranuclear localization and function of YT521 B is regulated by tyrosine phosphorylation journal Hum. Mol. Genet. volume 13 issue 15 pages 1535 49 publisher location England issn 0964 6906 pmid 15175272 doi 10.1093 hmg ddh167 bibcode oclc id url language format accessdate laysummary laysource laydate quote ref DAB2 , ref name pmid12473651 cite journal last Zhou first Jian authorlink coauthors Scholes Jessica, Hsieh Jer Tsong date February 2003 title Characterization of a novel negative regulator DOC 2 DAB2 of c Src in normal prostatic epithelium and cancer journal ... coauthors Lee H, Bedford M T, Petrucci T, Sudol M, Lisanti M P date December 2001 title Tyrosine ... M date April 2000 title Transmembrane phosphoprotein Cbp regulates the activities of Src family tyrosine ... expressed transmembrane adaptor protein, binds the protein tyrosine kinase csk and is involved ... laysummary laysource laydate quote doi 10.1084 jem.191.9.1591 pmc 2213442 ref See also Src gene Tyrosine ... pmc 1223257 References Reflist refend PDB Gallery geneid 1445 Tyrosine kinases The PBB Controls ... citations yes DEFAULTSORT C Src Tyrosine Kinase Category EC 2.7.10 Category Tyrosine kinases gene ... more details
PBB geneid 4145 Megakaryocyte associated tyrosine protein kinase is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the MATK gene . ref name pmid8288563 cite journal author Bennett BD, Cowley S, Jiang S, London R, Deng B, Grabarek J, Groopman JE, Goeddel DV, Avraham H title Identification and characterization of a novel tyrosine kinase from megakaryocytes journal J Biol Chem volume 269 issue 2 pages 1068 74 year 1994 month Feb pmid 8288563 pmc doi ref ref name pmid7530249 cite journal author Avraham S, Jiang S, Ota S, Fu Y, Deng B, Dowler LL, White RA, Avraham H title Structural and functional studies of the intracellular tyrosine kinase MATK gene and its translated product journal J Biol Chem volume 270 issue 4 pages 1833 42 year 1995 month Feb pmid 7530249 pmc doi 10.1074 jbc.270.4.1833 ref ref name entrez cite web title Entrez Gene MATK megakaryocyte associated tyrosine kinase url http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ... to Csk tyrosine kinase and has the structural features of the CSK subfamily SRC homology SH2 .... ref name entrez Interactions Megakaryocyte associated tyrosine kinase has been shown to Protein ... The MATK tyrosine kinase interacts in a specific and SH2 dependent manner with c Kit journal J ... M, Nada S, Yamanashi Y, et al. title CSK a protein tyrosine kinase involved in regulation of src ... The MATK tyrosine kinase interacts in a specific and SH2 dependent manner with c Kit. journal J ... tyrosine kinase gene, HYL. journal Oncogene volume 9 issue 11 pages 3371 4 year 1994 pmid 7936664 ... J, et al. title Molecular cloning of a novel non receptor tyrosine kinase, HYL hematopoietic consensus tyrosine lacking kinase . journal Oncogene volume 9 issue 4 pages 1155 61 year 1994 pmid ... activity of CD36 anchored Lyn tyrosine kinase in thrombin stimulated platelets. journal EMBO J ..., Chk, binds tyrosine phosphorylated paxillin in human blastic T cells. journal Biochem. Biophys. Res ... PDB Gallery geneid 4145 Tyrosine kinases The PBB Controls template provides controls for Protein Box ... more details
OrganicBox complete wiki name Tyrosine name S 2 Amino 3 4 hydroxy phenyl propanoic acid GENERAL INFORMATION C 9 H 11 N 1 O 3 mass 181.19 abbreviation Y, Tyr image Image L tyrosine skeletal.png 150px Image L tyrosine 3D sticks.png 140px synonyms DATABASES SMILES Oc1ccc CC N C O O cc1 InChI 1 C9H11NO3 c10 8 9 12 13 5 6 1 3 7 11 4 2 6 h1 4,8,11H,5,10H2, H,12,13 f h12H CAS 60 18 4 DrugBank EINECS br 200 460 4 ref 1 a PubChem 71098 D ref 2 a , 1153 L ref 3 a PHYSICAL PROPERTIES Structure index of refraction abbe number dielectric constant magnetic susceptibility dipole moment U V data lambda max extinction coefficient Infrared data absorption bands NMR data proton NMR carbon NMR other NMR Spectrometry data mass spectrometry Phase behaviour delta fus H o delta fus S o delta vap H o delta vap S o triple point K triple point C triple point Pa criticle point K criticle point C criticle point Pa Solid properties delta f H o solid S o solid heat capacity solid density solid 1.456 melting point C 343 melting point F melting point K Liquid properties delta f H o liquid S o liquid heat capacity liquid density liquid viscosity liquid boiling point C boiling point F boiling point K Gas properties delta f H o gas S o gas heat capacity gas viscosity gas HAZARD PROPERTIES MSDS main hazards nfpa health nfpa flammability nfpa reactivity nfpa special flash point r phrases s phrases RTECS number CHEMICAL PROPERTIES XLogP 1.87 isoelectric point 5.66 disociation constant 2.24, 9.04, 10.10 tautomers 2 H bond donor 3 H bond acceptor 4 PHARMACOLOGICAL PROPERTIES References refbegin note 1 a EINECS 200 460 4 EINECS for Tyrosine note 2 a PubChem 71098 note 3 a PubChem 1153 refend AminoAcids Category Chemical data pages ar ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
