pp semi small yes Former administrative units of Pakistan subdivision TransKarakoramTract flag Flag of Pakistan.svg map Kashmir map big.jpg capital Not applicable area 5,181 languages Not applicable established Not applicable abolished 1963 conferred to China footnotes http www.pakistan.gov.pk Government of Pakistan The TransKarakoramTract zh c p K l k nl n z ul ng is an area of nearly convert 5800 km 0 abbr on along both sides of the Shaksgam River , is entirely administered by the People ... hi nl Shaksgam simple TransKarakoramTract zh ... by India as part of the state of Jammu and Kashmir . Pakistan gave up its claim to the tract under ... solution of the Kashmir dispute . Most of the tract, also called Shaksgam , is composed of the Shaksgam Valley . Most of the tract was administered as a part of Shigar Valley Shigar , a valley in the Baltistan ... Ladakhi, suggesting that this land had been part of Baltistan Ladakh region for a long time. The tract is one of the most inhospitable areas of the world, with some of the highest mountains. The tract is bounded by the Kun Lun Mountains to the north, and by the Karakoram peaks to the south, including ... cultivated and grazed areas to the north of the Karakoram , and the Mir of Hunza claimed those areas ... broadly followed the main Karakoram crest dividing the watersheds of the Indus River and the Tarim .... However, the British never administered north of the Karakoram watershed. ref Woodman 1969 p.298 ... side, ascends the crest of a spur and runs along it to join the Karakoram range main watershed ... 6.520 meters 21,390 feet until it joins the Karakoram range main watershed at a peak reference coordinates ... . 5 Thence, the boundary line, running generally south ward and then eastward strictly follows the Karakoram ... extremity at the Karakoram Pass . Then alignment of the entire boundary line as described in section ... Peak lies on the border of the Tract Indo Pakistani wars Line of Control Kashmir Indo China War Kashmir ... more details
About the mountain range the city in Mongolia Karakorum Geobox Range name Karakoram name Karakoram image Baltoro glacier from air.jpg image caption Baltoro glacier in the central Karakoram with 8000ers ... orogeny map Baltoro region from space annotated.png map caption Highest Karakoram peaks as seen from International Space Station Karakoram or Karakorum is a large mountain range spanning the borders ... Himalayas Himalaya while north of the actual Himalayas Himalaya Range . The Karakoram is home to the highest ... and Batura Glaciers in the Karakoram are 57 km long, as is Bruggen or Pio XI Glacier in southern Chile ... mapping as well as Jerzy Wala, Orographical Sketch Map Karakoram Sheets 1 & 2 , Swiss Foundation for Alpine Research, Zurich, 1990. ref The Karakoram is bounded on the northeast by the edge of the Tibetan Plateau , and on the north by the Pamir Mountains . The southern boundary of the Karakoram ... Due to its altitude and ruggedness, the Karakoram is much less inhabited than parts of the Himalayas .... Explorations in the 1910s and 1920s established most of the geography of the region. Name Karakoram ... to the Karakoram Pass . ref name Mason Cite book last Mason first Kenneth authorlink Kenneth Mason ... Muztagh for the range now known as Karakoram. ref name Mason ref cite journal title Nomenclature in the Karakoram Discussion author Close C, Burrard S, Younghusband F et al. journal The Geographical ... K1 to K6 K for Karakoram to six high mountains visible from his station at Mount Haramukh in Kashmir . The name Karakoram was used in the early 20th century, for example by Kenneth Mason , ref name ... in the east. Geological importance The Karakoram and the Himalaya are important to Earth scientists ... part, 28 50 of the Karakoram Range is glaciated, compared to the Himalaya 8 12 and European ... that the Karakoram glaciers are mostly stagnating, ref cite web url http www.sciencedaily.com releases ..., unlike in the Himalayas, many Karakoram glaciers are covered in a layer of rubble which has ... more details
wiktionary Tract may refer to Land lot , a section of land Census tract , a geographic region defined for the purpose of taking a census Tract literature , a short written work, usually of a political or religious nature Tract liturgy , a component of Roman Catholic liturgy A collection of related anatomic structures, such as Gastrointestinal tract Genitourinary tract Reproductive tract A grouping of feathers , e.g. primaries, auriculars, scapulars See also Tractate , a section of the Mishnah many relevant google results for tract mishnah or tract tractate, abbreviating tractate to tract Neural tract , fibres of white matter which connect different parts of the brain disambig fr Tractus nl Tractus sk Tractus fi Traktaatti ... more details
China India Pakistan tripoint at Karakoram Pass is referenced in a 1963 boundary treaty between China and Pakistan concerning the TransKarakoramTract , but India was not party to that treaty nor any ...For road between Pakistan and China Karakoram Highway Infobox mountain pass name Karakoram Pass photo photo caption elevation m 5540 elevation ref traversed Robert Shaw 1868 Francis E. Younghusband 1889 Theodore Jr. and Kermit Roosevelt 1926 . location CHN IND range Karakoram Range coordinates coord 35 30 48 N 77 49 23 E type pass display inline,title topo The Karakoram Pass lang hi , convert 5540 m abbr on sigfig 5 ref SRTM data the figure is now known to be a few meters lower than provided in Rizvi, Janet. Trans Himalayan Caravans Merchant Princes and Peasant Traders in Ladakh , p. 217. 1999. Oxford University Press. New Delhi. ISBN 019 564855 2. ref is a mountain pass between India and China in the Karakoram Range . It is the highest pass on the ancient caravan route between Leh in Ladakh and Yarkant County Yarkand in the Tarim Basin . Karakoram literally means Black Gravel in Turkic languages Turkic . ref Younghusband, Francis E. The Heart of a Continent A Narrative of Travels in Manchuria, across the Gobi Desert, through the Himalayas, the Pamirs and Chitral, 1884 94 .... 1999 . Trans Himalayan Caravans Merchant Princes and Peasant Traders in Ladakh , p. 216. Oxford University ... toll. In spite of all this, the Karakoram Pass was considered a relatively easy pass due to the gradual ... was open throughout most of the year. ref Rizvi, Janet. 1999 . Trans Himalayan Caravans Merchant Princes .... Geopolitical issues The Karakoram pass falls on the boundary of territory controlled by India ... PA180&lpg PA180&dq tripoint karakoram pass&source bl&ots G99I3chY3i&sig Mq1BZU mLkbX9 De9vlA3kERnoI ... Karakoram Category Sites along the Silk Road ca Pas de Karakoram de Karakorumpass it Passo Karakorum ml ja pl Karakorum prze cz ru simple Karakoram Pass ... more details
Karakoram Province is a proposed autonomous region for the Shi a Islam majority areas of northern Pakistan . According to the movement for autonomy in the 1980s, it was to span most of the Karakoram mountain range, covering Gilgit District , Kurram Agency and the Shia majority areas of Punjab Pakistan Punjab and the North West Frontier Province . However, the Zia regime violently opposed any Shi a movement for autonomy. Groups supporting autonomy or independence for Karakoram Gilgit Baltistan Democratic Alliance Gilgit Baltistan United Movement Balwaristan National Front Karakoram National Movement References reflist coord missing Pakistan Category Regions of Gilgit Baltistan NorthernAreas geo stub ... more details
G314 big br Karakoram Highway length km 1300 length notes Pakistan convert 806 km mi 0 abbr on br ... SASAC The Karakoram Highway KKH lang ur Nastaliq har ha kar karam zh c k ... jeep trip.htm Karakoram Hindu Kush ref It connects People s Republic of China China and Pakistan across the Karakoram mountain range, through the Khunjerab Pass , at an altitude of convert 4693 ... shop pickandmix previews karakoram 20highway preview.pdf Lonely Planet Karakoram ref It connects ... World record highways Karakoram ref The Karakorum Highway is known informally as the KKH , and &mdash ... 314 G314 . History Image KKH.png 220px thumb right Karakoram Highway route map The Karakoram Highway ... and 82 Chinese workers lost their lives, ref http www.pakpost.gov.pk philately stamps2003 karakoram highway.html 25th Anniversary of the Karakoram Highway 1978 2003 . Pakistan Post Office, May 16, 2006 ... the history of the highway. A book History of Karakoram Highway has been written by Brigadier Retired ... events leading to conversion of Indus Valley Road to Karakoram Highway, the difficulties in its construction ... A documentary on Karakoram Highway http pamirtimes.net 2011 01 22 documentary the high road to hunza ... and Pakistan, the Karakoram highway has strategic and military importance. On June 30, 2006, a memorandum ... owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission SASAC to rebuild and upgrade the Karakoram Highway ... are also planning to link the Karakoram Highway to the southern port of Gwadar port Gwadar in Balochistan ... ranges meet, the Hindukush , the Himalaya and the Karakoram . The western end of the Himalayas, marked ... glaciers in the Karakoram can be seen from the highway in this section. Finally, the highway ... right thumb 220px The Karakoram Highway in the Xinjiang region of People s Republic of China China . The Chinese Section of the Karakoram Highway follows the north south Sarykol Yellow Lake valley .... ref Pakistan and the Karakoram Highway , Owen Bennett Jones, Lindsay Brown, and John Mock, Lonely ... more details
K2 8611.jpg K2 Baltoro Muztagh, Central Karakoram, Pakistan Image K2 big.jpg K2 8,611m , Pakistan ... kellyphotos sets 1061257 Photos from Concordia region by Kelly Cheng Category Karakoram ca Conc rdia Pakistan da Concordia Karakoram de Concordiaplatz es Concordia Pakist n fi Concordia Pakistan zh ... more details
Wiktionarypar transtrans TOCRight Trans is a Latin noun or prefix, meaning across , beyond or on the opposite side . Trans may refer to Geography Trans, Mayenne , France Trans, Switzerland Science and technology Cis trans isomerism , in chemistry, a form of stereoisomerism Trans fat , fats containing trans isomer fatty acids. Trans Lunar Injection , propulsive maneuver of a spacecraft towards the Moon Trans acting in molecular biology is an external factor which acts on a molecule Society Trans may be used as a term encompassing a range of transsexual and transgender identities Music Trans album Trans album , by Neil Young Trans Stockhausen Trans Stockhausen , a 1971 orchestral composition by Karlheinz Stockhausen Media Trans film Trans film , a 1999 American independent film by Julian Goldberger Trans Festival , an annual arts festival in Belfast, Northern Ireland Trans 7 , an Indonesian commercial television station Trans TV , an Indonesian commercial television station Sports FC Narva Trans , Estonian football team See also lookfrom Trans Disambig de Trans es Trans fr Trans ko it Trans nl Trans ja pl Trans ujednoznacznienie pt Trans sv Trans olika betydelser vi Trans ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Vestibulocerebellar tract Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 611 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Vestibulocerebellar tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1009 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12816750 The vestibulocerebellar tract is a tract in the pontine tegmentum which connects the vestibular nerve and the cerebellar cortex . External links http vestibular.wustl.edu vestibular4.html Pons Cerebellum Neural tracts Neuroanatomy stub Category Brainstem Category Central nervous system pathways ... more details
multiple issues orphan June 2010 context June 2010 unreferenced June 2010 The interstitiospinal tract is one of ten descending neuronal tract s in humans that provides motor control to specific upper cervical somatic segment s. The origin of the this uncrossed tract is in the interstitial nucleus of Cajal related to the oculomotor nucleus which is subsequently found in the Edinger Westphal nucleus of the midbrain . This tract also contributes to the make up of the medial longitudinal fasciculus MLF . Within the terminal segments of the upper cervical segments the interstitiospinal tract synapses in rexed laminae VII and VIII. It is believed to function in head and neck reflex movements in response to primarily visual and possibly vestibular stimuli. Category Nerves of the head and neck ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Reticulospinal tract Latin GraySubject GrayPage Image Spinal cord tracts English.svg Caption Reticulospinal tract is labeled in red, near center in figure text tag at left . Image2 Caption2 IsPartOf Components Artery Vein BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 802 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Reticulospinal tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1471 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817131 The reticulospinal tract or anterior reticulospinal tract is an extrapyramidal motor tract which travels from the reticular formation . Functions 1. Integrates information from the motor systems to coordinate automatic movements of locomotion and posture. 2. Facilitates and inhibits voluntary movement, influences muscle tone. 3. Mediates autonomic functions 4. Modulates pain impulses 5. Influences blood flow to lateral geniculate Components The tract is divided into two parts, the medial or pontine and lateral or medullary reticulospinal tracts MRST and LRST . The MRST is responsible for anti gravity muscles. The fibers of this tract arise from the caudal pontine reticular nucleus and the oral pontine reticular nucleus and project to the lamina VII and lamina VIII of the spinal cord BrainInfo The LRST is responsible for the muscles of movement. The fibers of this tract arise from the medullary reticular formation, mostly from the gigantocellular nucleus, and descend the length of the spinal cord in the anterior part of the lateral column. The tract terminates in the gray spinal laminae BrainInfo . The sensory tract conveying information in the opposite direction is known as the spinoreticular tract . Clinical significance If the superior colliculus is damaged, it is called decerebration and causes ... motor neuron External links BrainInfo reticulospinal tract http braininfo.rprc.washington.edu Scripts hiercentraldirectory.aspx?ID 802 , pontine reticulospinal tract http braininfo.rprc.washington.edu Scripts ancilcentraldirectory.aspx?ID 975 , and medullary reticulospinal tract http braininfo.rprc.washington.edu ... more details
Madhupur tract a large upland area of 4,244 km in north central of Bangladesh , stretching from east of Jamalpur, Bangladesh Jamalpur in the north, to Fatullah and Narayanganj , in the south. The tract is mostly one large tract, unlike the Barind Tract . It is approximately one to ten metres above the nearby floodplain s. ref cite web year month url http banglapedia.search.com.bd HT M 0028.htm title Madhupur Tract publisher Asiatic Society of Bangladesh accessdate 2007 08 18 ref The tract is considered an area of jungle covered old alluvium . ref cite web year month url http www.britannica.com eb topic 355785 Madhupur Tract title Madhupur Tract region, Bangladesh publisher Encyclopedia Britannica accessdate 2007 08 18 ref It is an elevated plateau , with hillocks of varying height, ranging from 30 to 60 feet. There are also cultivated valleys. ref cite web year month url http www.britannica.com eb article 9109737 Bangladesh 33422.toc title Bangladesh publisher Encyclopedia Britannica accessdate 2007 08 18 ref See also Bhawal National Park Geology of Bangladesh Geography of Bangladesh Footnotes reflist This is the same as reflist External links http banglapedia.search.com.bd Maps MM 0028.GIF Map coord missing Bangladesh Category Geography of Bangladesh Bangladesh geo stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name Rubrospinal tract Latin tractus rubrospinalis GraySubject 192 GrayPage 870 Image Spinal cord tracts English.svg Caption Rubrospinal tract is labeled in red at left. Image2 Gray678.png Caption2 Schematic representation of the chief ganglionic categories Rubrospinal tract not labeled, but red nucleus visible near center System MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Rubrospinal tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1476 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817153 The rubrospinal tract is a part of the nervous system . It is a part of the Anatomical terms of location Directional terms lateral indirect extra pyramidal tract . Function It is the main route for the mediation of voluntary movement. It is responsible for large muscle movement such as the arms and the legs as well as for fine motor control. It facilitates the flexion and inhibits the Extension kinesiology extension in the upper extremities see decorticate posture . It is small and rudimentary in humans . In some other primates, however, experiments have shown that over time, the rubrospinal tract can assume almost all the duties of the corticospinal tract when the corticospinal tract is lesioned. Path In the midbrain , it originates in the magnocellular red nucleus , crosses to the other side of the midbrain, and descends in the lateral part of the brainstem tegmentum . In the spinal cord , it travels through the lateral funiculus of the spinal cord in the company of the lateral corticospinal tract . See also Upper motor neuron External links BrainInfo hier 803 Spinal cord Neural tracts DEFAULTSORT Rubrospinal Tract Category Central nervous system pathways Category Motor system pl P czek czerwienno rdzeniowy ... more details
Infobox Brain Name PAGENAME Latin tractus vestibulospinalis GraySubject 185 GrayPage 760 Image Spinal cord tracts English.svg Caption Vestibulospinal tract is labeled, in red at bottom left. Image2 Gray672.png Caption2 Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord. Vestibulospinal fasciculus labeled at bottom right. System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Vestibulospinal tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1643 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817329 The vestibulospinal tract is one of the descending spinal tracts of the ventromedial pathway. It originates from the vestibular nuclei of the medulla oblongata medulla , which conducts information from the Vestibular system vestibular labyrinth in the inner ear . Motion of fluid in the vestibular labyrinth activates hair cells that signal the vestibular nuclei via cranial nerve VIII . Function Lateral vestibulospinal tract The lateral vestibulospinal tract descends ipsilaterally through the entire spinal cord. It terminates in lamina VII and VIII and is excitatory to motor neurons of paravertebral and proximal limb extensors antigravity muscles . The primary termination is on interneurons, but there is some evidence for direct connections to motor neurons. Medial vestibulospinal tract The medial vestibulospinal tract descends ipsilaterally in the medial portion of the ventral funiculus in a tract also called the medial longitudinal fasciculus MLF . This tract extends only to cervical and upper thoracic levels neck muscles . Vestibulo Ocular tract The VOT ascends bilaterally from vestibular nucleii superior and medial nucleii to synapse on CN III, IV, VI to adjust eye movements and gaze control. See also Upper motor neuron External links http faculty.etsu.edu currie images neuro2.jpg Diagram at etsu.edu http vestibular.wustl.edu vestibular6.html Overview at wustl.edu BrainstemWisconsin 13VNAN neuro stub Spinal cord Medulla Pons Neural tracts Auditory and vestibular pathways Category Central nervous system pathways Categ ... more details
Image Respiratory system complete numbered.svg thumb right 250px In humans the respiratory tract is the part of the anatomy that has to do with the process of Respiration physiology respiration . The respiratory tract is divided into 3 segments Upper respiratory tract human nose nose and nasal passages, paranasal sinus es, and throat or pharynx Respiratory airways voice box or larynx , Vertebrate trachea trachea , bronchus bronchi , and bronchiole s Lung s respiratory bronchiole s, alveolar duct s, alveolar sac s, and alveoli The respiratory tract is a common site for infections. Upper respiratory tract infection s are probably the most common infections in the world. Most of the respiratory tract exists merely as a piping system for air to travel in the lungs, and alveoli are the only part of the lung that exchanges oxygen and carbon dioxide with the blood . Moving down the respiratory tract starting at the trachea, the tubes get smaller and divide more and more. There are estimated to be about 20 to 23 divisions, ending up at an alveolus. Even though the cross sectional area of each bronchus or bronchiole is smaller, because there are so many, the total surface area is larger. This means there is less resistance at the terminal bronchioles. Most resistance is around the 3 4 division from the trachea due to turbulence. General histology The respiratory tract is covered in an epithelium , the type of which varies down the tract. There are gland s and mucus produced by goblet cell s in parts, as well as smooth muscle , elastin or cartilage . Most of the epithelium from the nose ... in the bronchi they are interspersed plates. Glands are abundant in the upper respiratory tract, but there are fewer ... tissue. Summary Upper respiratory tract nose, pharynx & asscociates structures Lower respiratory tract larynx, trachea, bronchi & lungs References reflist http www.kcom.edu faculty chamberlain Website lectures syllabi3.htm Syllabus Infectious Diseases see Respiratory Tract Infections by Neal ... more details
A polyglutamine tract or polyQ tract is a portion of a protein consisting of a sequence of several glutamine units. A tract typically consists of about 10 to a few hundred such units. Several gene s, both in humans and in other species, contain a number of repetitions of the nucleotide triplet cytidine C Adenosine A Guanosine G . When the gene is translation genetics translated into a protein, each of these triplets gives rise to a glutamine unit, resulting in a polyglutamine tract. Different allele s of such a gene often have different numbers of CAG triplets. Several inheritable neurodegenerative disorder s, the polyglutamine disease s, occur if a mutation causes a polyglutamine tract in a specific gene to become too long. Important examples of polyglutamine diseases are spinocerebellar ataxia and Huntington s disease . It is believed that cells cannot properly dispose of proteins with overly long polyglutamine tracts, which over time leads to damage in neuron nerve cell s. The longer the polyglutamine tract, the earlier in life these diseases tends to appear. ref Laura Bonetta, http www.hhmi.org biointeractive neuroscience polyglutamine disease.html Polyglutamine Diseases A Devastating Genetic Stutter , Howard Hughes Medical Institute . Retrieved 30 December 2008. ref References reflist Category Peptides ... more details
Context date October 2009 The hypothalamotegmental tract is a pathway from the hypothalamus to the reticular formation . Axons from the posterior hypothalamus descend through the midbrain reticular formation mesencephalic and pontine reticular formation pontine reticular formation reticular formations . They connect with reticular neurons important in visceral and autonomic activity. The tract is a continuation of the medial forebrain bundle in the lateral portion of the tegmentum. It is not visible without special stains. References Unreferenced date June 2007 See Also Midbrain reticular formation Medial forebrain bundle Mammillothalamic tract Category Neuroanatomy Category Cerebrum Category Central nervous system neuroscience stub ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin tractus tectospinalis GraySubject 185 GrayPage 760 Image Gray670.png Caption Diagram showing possible connection of long descending fibers from higher centers with the motor cells of the ventral column through association fibers. Tectospinal fasciculus labeled at center right. Image2 Gray672.png Caption2 Diagram of the principal fasciculi of the spinal cord . Tectospinal fasciculus labeled at center right, in red. System Precursor MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Tectospinal tract NeuroLexID birnlex 759 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817309 In humans, the tectospinal tract also known as colliculospinal tract is a nerve pathway which coordinates head and eye movements. It is part of the indirect extrapyramidal tract . Specifically, the tectospinal tract connects the midbrain tectum and the spinal cord . It is responsible for motor impulses that arise from one side of the midbrain to muscles on the opposite side of the body . The function of the tectospinal tract is to mediate reflex postural movements of the head in response to visual and auditory stimuli. The portion of the midbrain from where this tract originates is the superior colliculus , which receives afferents from the visual nuclei primarily the oculomotor nuclei complex , then projects to the contralateral decussating ventral to the mesencephalic duct and ipsilateral portion of the first cervical neuromeres of the spinal cord , the oculomotor and trochlear nuclei in the midbrain and the abducent nucleus in the caudal portion of the pons. The tract descends to the cervical spinal cord to terminate in Rexed laminae VI, VII, and VIII to coordinate head , neck , and human eye eye movements, primarily in response to visual stimuli. See also Upper motor neuron Spinotectal tract External links http faculty.etsu.edu currie images neuro2.jpg Diagram at etsu.edu http sky.bsd.uchicago.edu lcy ref synap spmotor.html Overview and diagram at uchicago.edu BrainInfo hier 783 neuroscience st ... more details
The Spinothalamic Tract, like the Dorsal Column Medial Lemniscus Tract , use three neurons to convey ... s tract and then synapse with secondary neurons in either the substantia gelatinosa or the nucleus proprius . These secondary neurons are called tract cells . The axons of the tract cells cross over ... corner of the spinal cord hence the spinothalamic tract being part of the anterolateral system ..., the tract moves dorsally. The neurons ultimately synapse with third order neurons in several nuclei ... more details
Image Digestive system showing bile duct.png thumb Digestive system diagram showing the common bile duct The biliary tract or biliary tree is the common anatomy anatomical term for the path by which bile is secreted by the liver then transported to the first part of the small intestine , also known as the duodenum . A structure common to most members of the mammal family, it is referred to as a tree because it begins with many small branches which end in the common bile duct, sometimes referred to as the trunk of the biliary tree. The duct, the branches of the Common hepatic artery hepatic artery and the hepatic portal vein portal vein form the central axis of the portal triad . Bile flows in the direction opposite to that of the blood present in the other two channels. The name usually excludes the liver , ref MeshName Biliary tract ref but sometimes does include it. ref name urlDorlands Medical Dictionary biliary tract cite web url http www.mercksource.com pp us cns cns hl dorlands split.jsp?pg ppdocs us common dorlands dorland eight 000109910.htm title Dorlands Medical Dictionary biliary tract work accessdate ref Clinical significance Pressure inside in the biliary tree can give rise to gallstone s and lead to cirrhosis of the liver . Blockage can cause jaundice . ref name urlDefinition biliary tract from Online Medical Dictionary cite web url http cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk cgi bin omd?biliary tract title Definition biliary tract from Online Medical Dictionary format work accessdate ref The biliary tract can also serve as a reservoir for intestinal tract infections. Since the biliary tract is an internal organ, it has no somatic nervous system somatic nerve supply , and colicky pain due to infection and inflammation of the biliary tract is not a somatic pain. Rather, pain may be caused by luminal distension, which causes stretching of the wall. This is the same mechanism that causes pain in bowel obstruction s. Citation needed date April 2010 Path An image might say mo ... more details
Infobox Brain Name Solitary tract Latin tractus solitarius medullae oblongatae GraySubject 187 GrayPage 785 Image Gray695.png Caption Transverse section of medulla oblongata below the middle of the olive. Fasciculus solitarius labeled at upper right. Image2 Gray700.png Caption2 The formatio reticularis of the medulla oblongata, shown by a transverse section passing through the middle of the olive. 15 is fasciculus solitarius IsPartOf Components Artery Vein Acronym BrainInfoType hier BrainInfoNumber 782 MeshName MeshNumber NeuroLex Solitary tract NeuroLexID birnlex 1483 DorlandsPre t 15 DorlandsSuf 12817166 The solitary tract lang la tractus solitarius is a compact fiber bundle that extends longitudinally through the posterolateral region of the Medulla oblongata medulla . The solitary tract is surrounded by the nucleus of the solitary tract , and descends to the upper cervical segments of the spinal cord . Composition The solitary tract is made up of primary sensory fibers and descending fibers of the Vagus nerve vagus , glossopharyngeal nerve glossopharyngeal , and facial nerve s. Function The solitary tract conveys afferent information from stretch receptors and chemoreceptors in the walls of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and intestinal tracts. Afferent fibers from cranial nerves facial nerve 7 , glossopharyngeal nerve 9 and vagus nerve 10 convey taste special visceral afferent SVA in its rostral portion, and general visceral sense general visceral afferent fibers GVA in its caudal part. Taste bud s in the mucosa of the tongue can also generate impulses in the Anatomical terms of location Directional terms rostral regions of the solitary tract. The efferent fibers are distributed to the solitary tract nucleus. Synonyms There are numerous synonyms for the solitary tract round fasciculus Latin fasciculus rotundus solitary fasciculus Latin fasciculus solitarius solitary ... www.emedicine.com asp dictionary.asp?keyword solitary tract isbn 0 7817 3390 1 page 2011 Rhombencephalon ... more details
Orphan date November 2006 Unreferenced date September 2009 The Harcon Tract is a small tract of land that was north of the Rio Grande but is now south thereof since the river was diverted. It ceased to be a territory of the United States of America since a treaty with Mexico finalized in the late 1970s. Persons born while it was a territory may be eligible for benefits in the U.S. coord missing Mexico Category Geography of Mexico Mexico geo stub ... more details
Barind Tract alternately called the Varendra Tract in English language English and Varendra Bhumi in Bengali language Bengali is the largest Pleistocene era Geomorphology pysiographic unit in Bangladesh and the Bengal Basin . It covers most of Dinajpur District, Bangladesh Dinajpur , Rangpur District Rangpur , Pabna District Pabna , Rajshahi District Rajshahi , Bogra District Bogra , and Jaipurhat District Joypurhat districts of Rajshahi Division . It is fragmented, being made up of several separate sections in the northeastern part of the country, covering a total area of approximately 7,770 km of mostly old alluvium . On the eastern edge of the tract is a lower Fault geology fault escarpment . Through the fault Trough geology troughs run the little Jamuna River Bangladesh Jamuna , Atrai River Atrai and Lower Punarbhaba River Punarbhaba rivers. To the west, the main area is tilted up, some of it being more than 15 m higher than the rest of the tract and the adjoining Mahananda River floodplain . To the east this area is tilted downwards, passing under the Atrai River Drainage basin basin . ref name banglapedia cite web url http banglapedia.search.com.bd HT B 0309.htm title Barind Tract publisher banglopedia.com accessdate 2007 08 19 ref The climate of the tract differs from that of much of India , in that more extreme temperature variations ranging from 45 degrees Celsius down to five degrees Celsius are encountered there. It is divided into three units The Recent Alluvial Fan, the Barind Pleistocene, and the Recent Floodplain. These are divided by long, narrow bands of recent alluvium . ref http www.sdnpbd.org sdi international days wed 2006 bangladesh naturalres dryland.htm SDNPBD Bangladesh drylands ref See also Madhupur tract Geology of Bangladesh Footnotes reflist External links http banglapedia.search.com.bd Maps MB 0309.GIF Map of Barind Tract showing the separate areas coord 24.8 N 88.7 E display title Category Bangladesh geography stubs Category Geography of Bangladesh ... more details
The hypothalamospinal tract connects the thalamus to the ciliospinal center of the intermediolateral cell column in the spinal cord T1, T2 . It is found in the dorsolateral quadrant of the lateral funiculus , in the lateral tegmentum of the medulla , pons and midbrain . Lesions of the hypothalamospinal tract cause ipsilateral Horner s syndrome . ref James D. Fix. High Yield Neuroanatomy 4th Edition. Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. pp. 63 64. ref Reflist Category Neuroanatomy Category Brainstem Category Central nervous system pathways Category Efferents ... more details
Refimprove date December 2008 Infobox Anatomy Name Spinoreticular tract Latin tractus spinoreticularis GraySubject GrayPage Image Caption Image2 Caption2 Precursor System Artery Vein Nerve Lymph MeshName MeshNumber The spinoreticular tract is an ascending pathway in the white matter of the spinal cord , positioned closely to the lateral spinothalamic tract. The tract is from spinal cord to reticular formation ref name urlChapter 25 Neural Mechanisms of Cardiac Pain The Anterolateral System cite web url http symptomresearch.nih.gov chapter 25 sec3 crfs3pg3.htm title Chapter 25 Neural Mechanisms of Cardiac Pain The Anterolateral System work accessdate 2009 11 26 ref to thalamus . It is responsible for automatic responses to pain, such as in the case of injury. Pathway The spinoreticular tract utilizes four levels of neurons, unlike most ascending tracts which have first through third order neurons. The tract begins with first order neurons, which immediately synapse with second order neurons in the posterior horn of the spinal column. These neurons decussate to the opposite side anterolateral , and travel up the spinal column. Second order neurons end in the medulla and pons , forming a lose collection of gray matter known as the reticular formation . Here, the synapse with third order neurons is found, which continues the tract to the thalamus . Fourth order neurons bring the tract to its final destination, the cerebral cortex. It is still undetermined if the spinoreticular tract possesses ipsilateral fibers in addition to those that decussate. It is hypothesized that during development the tract was bilateral, but that the ipsilateral synapses became ineffective during development. References Reflist Saladin, Kenneth S. Anatomy & Physiology The Unity of Form and Function. New York McGraw Hill. 2010. Mense, Siegfried & Gerwin, Robert D. Muscle Pain Understanding and Mechanisms. New York Springer. 2010. Further reading cite book title Neurophysiological Basis of Movement ... more details
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