citations missing date November 2009 A territorialdispute is a disagreement over the possession control of land between two or more sovereign state state s or over the possession or control of land by a new state and occupying power after it has conquered the land from a former state no longer currently recognized by the new state. Image Kashmir map big.jpg right thumb 250px A map showing the Kashmir conflict disputed territory of Kashmir . Context and definitions These disputes are often related to the possession of natural resource s such as river s, fertile farmland, mineral or Petroleum oil resources although the disputes can also be driven by culture , religion and ethnic nationalism . Territorial disputes result often from vague and unclear language in a treaty that set up the original boundary. Territorial disputes are a major cause of war s and terrorism as states often try to assert their sovereignty over a territory through invasion, and non state entities try to influence the actions of politicians through terrorism. International law does not support the use of force by one ... territories Territorialdispute da Territorialstridighed de Gebietsanspruch es Anexo Territorios ... against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner ..., they do not have the legitimacy of an agreed international boundary. The term border dispute applies ... upon a territorial claim, this is not a prerequisite as occupation may also be strategic such as creating ... border disputes and other territorial claims that one party justifies on the basis of former cultural or ethnic attachment. Current territorial disputes See List of territorial disputes and List ... of statesmen of Territorial Disputes it is party to https www.cia.gov library publications the world factbook fields 2070.html Territorial disputes in CIA World Factbook http www.law.fsu.edu library ... pl Sp r terytorialny pt Territ rio disputado ru simple Border dispute uk ... more details
FixBunching beg Infobox military conflict conflict Ecuadorian Peruvian TerritorialDispute of 1857 1860 partof the Ecuadorian Peruvian TerritorialDispute image File Fragata Apur mac 1855.jpg 300px caption ... Peruvian FixBunching end A territorialdispute between Ecuador and Peru took place between 1857 and 1860. The dispute began when Ecuador attempted to sell Amazonia n land claimed by Peru in order to settle ... with all of Peru s demands, and temporarily marked the end of the territorialdispute between ... shortly afterwards by its Peruvian counterpart this re opened the territorialdispute. The dispute ... tasked among other things with seeking to resolve the territorialdispute. ref El as Murgu a & Nieto ... territorialdispute Real Cedula of 1802 Real C dula of 1802 a decree ordering the transfer of territories ... the territorialdispute and blockading actions. Shortly afterwards, Garc a Moreno traveled to Guayaquil ... negotiate an agreement to end the blockade and the territorialdispute. ref name edufuturo October 1859 ... dispute ongoing territorialdispute between the two countries remained unresolved. Notes reflist ... the troops of the two countries within the duration of the dispute, although a detachment of Peruvian ... no part in the territorial dealings the committee was a private corporation, not public entity. ref ... C dulas royal decrees issued by the Spanish Crown . These haphazard territorial definitions led to a number ... C dula of 1802 did not transfer territorial rights to the Viceroyalty of Peru, rendering the claim ... distanced themselves from the dispute. ref name Paredes255 1858 Peru retaliates File RamonCastilla.jpg ... to delegate to Franco the task of negotiating with Peru, except on the matter of territorial sovereignty ... with Castilla a preliminary convention regarding the territorial situation was signed between Franco ... of the pending territorial debate. In its first article, it affirmed that relations would be re ... should return to the status of casus belli of 1858. ref Paredes & Van Dyke, p.259 ref The long dispute ... more details
territorialdispute partof date June 3, 1828 October 26, 1998 place Ecuador and Peru image File Ecuador ... File Flag of Peru.svg 20px border Peru Campaignbox Ecuadorian Peruvian The territorialdispute .... The Ecuadorian Peruvian territorialdispute of 1857 1860 main Ecuadorian Peruvian territorial ... Hemisphere. ref http www.historyguy.com hgnews ecuador peru.html ref This dispute was a consequence ... from the Spanish crown in 1821 and 1819, respectively, this dispute led to the Gran Colombia Peru War ... in the Amazon basin for debt with the British creditors, and the dispute over the territories ... Peruvian government following suit several years later. The dispute continued through the late ... Protocol on January 29, 1942. The treaty was intended to finally bring the long running territorialdispute to an end, but in 1960 the then president of Ecuador Dr. Jos M Velasco Ibarra proposed ... a framework for ending a border dispute. Formal demarcation of border regions started on May 13 ... an end to the dispute, almost two centuries after the South American nations or their predecessors ... , the last Inca emperor, was captured and executed in Cuzco . Territorial division of the Viceroyalty of Peru File Audencias of Viceroyalty of Peru.PNG thumb right Territorial divisions of the Viceroyalty ..., signed between Ecuador and Peru at the end of the dispute of 1857 1860, it was stated that the Real ... cal in nature, or territorial as well, formed the basis for an imprecise territorial situation ... the territorial limits after nine years, following disagreements with the counterpart Portuguese ..., Bolivar established the uti possidetis juris principle as the basis for the territorial demarcation ... their will voluntarily. The treaty was signed, nonetheless, but precise territorial demarcation ... the status of a small area in the Andes Mountains named Ja n de Bracamoros in dispute. It was decided ... regions of Ecuador. http www.congreso.gob.pe comisiones 1999 exteriores Libroweb cap3.html Territorial ... more details
File Map of Aouzou stip chad.PNG 200px thumb right Aouzou Strip The Case Concerning the TerritorialDispute Libya Libyan Arab Jamahiriya Chad was brought before the International Court of Justice in 1994 and decided by the court in 1994. The case was won by Chad, whose sovereignty over Aouzou Strip was affirmed by a majority of 16 to 1 . See also Chadian Libyan conflict External links http www.icj cij.org docket index.php?p1 3&p2 3&code dt&case 83&k cd The case documents on ICJ website Category International Court of Justice cases Category Territorial disputes of Chad Category Territorial disputes of Libya Category Chad Libya border Category 1994 in case law Category 1994 in Chad Category 1994 in Libya Category 1994 in international relations Chad stub International law stub Libya stub ... more details
The Leticia dispute was a 20th century territorialdispute between Colombia and Peru . It concerned a trapezoid of territory which connected Colombia to the Amazon River and its port of Leticia, Colombia Leticia . Although the area is remote and characterized by jungle tropical jungle , it has some strategic importance because it is Colombia s only outlet to the Amazon River and by extension to the South Atlantic. The port of Leticia had been founded by Peruvians in the 19th Century, but, despite popular protests in Peru, had been ceded to Colombia in a 1922 Treaty. In late 1932 an armed band of Peruvian civilians and soldiers supposedly acting without Peruvian government approval took Leticia and forced the Colombian residents to flee. The Peruvian President tried to disassociate himself from these actions, but popular opinion quickly forced him to support the seizure of Leticia. The Colombian Government responded forcefully, sending an expeditionary force which defeated the Peruvians and retook Leticia. The League of Nations was asked to mediate with the support of Brazil ian diplomats, and eventually oversaw the peaceful return of the area to Colombian control. The process generated an interesting historical precedent for the first time ever soldiers wore the armband of an international organization the League of Nations as they performed peacekeeping duties. The soldiers were Colombian, and the use of the League armbands was primarily a face saving device to permit the Peruvians to leave without appearing to submit to the Colombians. Nevertheless, the use of these 75 Colombian soldiers as international peacekeepers was an antecedent of United Nations peacekeeping several decades later. References Child, Jack, Peace keeping and the Inter American System , Military Review ... and Culture . New York Charles Scribner s Sons, 1996, 5 volumes , p. 407. Category Territorial disputes of Colombia Category Territorial disputes of Peru Category Colombia Peru relations Category Colombia ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 wikify March 2009 refimprove March 2009 A dispute board or dispute review board DRB or dispute adjudication board DAB is a job site dispute adjudication process, typically ... difference between Dispute Review Boards and most other Alternate Dispute Review techniques and possibly the reason why or Dispute Review Boards have had such success in recent years is that the Dispute ... any agreed period thereafter . ref Chern on Dispute Boards Wiley Blackwell Publishing 2007 ref A Dispute Board becomes a part of the project administration and thereby can influence, during the contract ... a standing Dispute resolution Dispute Resolution Board is that it may be called upon early in the evolution of any dispute which cannot be resolved by the parties and be asked to publish decisions or recommendations ... remains for the matter to be referred to arbitration or to the courts if the Dispute Review Board s decision does not find acceptance by the parties. Thus a Dispute Resolution Board may ... or under the regime established by statute itself . What a Dispute Review Board does that United Kingdom ... alive. Another aspect, which is less often discussed, is that by establishing a Dispute Board from the inception of the project the Dispute Board members become part of the project team and are thought .... The terms Dispute Board or Dispute Review Board are generic terms and include a the Dispute ... b the Dispute Adjudication Board DAB which is a device emerging from the earlier USA model, but which provides a decision that has interim binding force and c the Combined Dispute Board CDB , which is a hybrid of Dispute Review Boards and Dispute Adjudication Boards which was created by the International Chamber of Commerce in 2004. Various other terms have been used such as Dispute Settlement Panel, Dispute Mediation Board, Dispute Avoidance Panel and Dispute Conciliation Panel. Fundamentally these different varieties of Dispute Review devices are the same, each providing early adjudication ... more details
Image Chazimal dispute map 01.jpg right thumb 480px Map of the Chamizal Settlement of 1963 The Chamizal dispute was a Rio Grande Border Disputes border conflict over about convert 600 acres km2 on the U.S. Mexico border between El Paso, Texas , and Ciudad Ju rez, Chihuahua . It was caused by differences between the bed of the Rio Grande in lang es R o Bravo del Norte as surveyed in 1852 and the present channel of the river. ref name latimes Los Angeles Times Dec 22, 1963 End to the El Chamizal Affair ref The Spanish word chamizal comes from chamizo, the common name for the four wing saltbush Atriplex canescens which covered the disputed land near the present day park. Origins 1848&ndash 1895 The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo which officially ended the Mexican American War and the Treaty of 1884 were the agreements originally responsible for the settlement of the international border, both of which specified that the middle of Rio Grande was the border &ndash irrespective of any alterations in the channels or banks. The Treaty of 1884 went on to maintain that the alterations had to result from such gradual natural causes. This provision followed the long established doctrine of international ... the dispute settled by the International Boundary Commission , ref name latimes and a tribunal was established ... not conform to the agreements of the arbitration &ndash fuelling a dispute between the two governments ... of the Chamizal in the Rio Grande Rectification Project . The dispute continued to affect Mexico United ... 21, 1963 Don Irwin, Johnson Signs Treaty on Chamizal Turnover ref It was hoped that settlement of the dispute ... the peaceful end of the Chamizal dispute on 25 September 1964. The dispute was formally settled .... In 1964 Presidents Adolfo L pez Mateos and Lyndon B. Johnson met on the border to end the dispute ... of Texas Online Chamizal Dispute coord 31 45 30 N 106 27 30 W source kolossus ptwiki display title ... territorial disputes of the United States Category Mexico United States border Category Territorial ... more details
Territorial waters and air space br approximate extent Image Aegean 6 nm.svg thumb center 250px 6 nm Current territorial waters. White High Seas. Image Aegean 10 nm.svg thumb center 250px 10 nm National ... thumb center 250px 12 nm Possible future extension under international law The Aegean dispute is a set ... delimitation delimitation of the territorial waters , The delimitation of the national airspace , The delimitation ... coastline. As the breadth of maritime and areal zones of influence, such as the territorial waters ... 2001 Two facets of the Aegean Sea dispute de lege lata and de lege ferenda . In K. Ba lar ed. , Turkey and international law. Ankara. http www.turkishweekly.net pdf aegean sea.pdf ref The territorial waters Territorial waters give the littoral state full control over air navigation in the airspace ... guaranteed innocent passage through them. The standard width of territorial waters that countries ... of the Sea of 1982 Art.3 . In the Aegean the territorial waters claimed by both sides are still at 6 ... of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state . ref name ba lar ... territory and its adjacent territorial waters. National airspace gives the sovereign state a large ... international treaties, foreign military and other state aircraft unlike military vessels in the territorial ... is exceptional, as it does not coincide with the boundary of the territorial waters. Greece claims convert 10 nmi km of airspace, as opposed to currently 6 miles of territorial waters. Since 1974 ... the Greek territorial waters. Turkey cites the statutes of the International Civil Aviation Organization ... territorial waters are set at the 6 mile boundary only because of Turkey s casus belli see above ... 100010 20 05 2003 29809 . ref The continental shelf In the context of the Aegean dispute, the term continental ... on and under the sea bed, for instance Petroleum oil drilling , in an area adjacent to its territorial ... Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea in 1982. The dispute between Turkey and Greece is to what ... more details
selfref For Wikipedia s dispute resolution guidelines, see Wikipedia Dispute resolution . unreferenced date May 2007 Expert subject Conflict Analysis and Resolution date February 2009 ADR Dispute resolution is the process of resolving disputes between party law parties . Methods Methods of dispute resolution ..., but dispute resolution practitioners do not usually do so violence rarely ends disputes effectively ... could theoretically end disputes, but alongside it, life. Dispute resolution processes fall ... intractable disputes form a special area in dispute resolution studies. Fact date May 2007 Dispute ... refer to Global Business Environment Fifth Edition By FITT Pages 301,302 & 303 Judicial dispute ... a professional advocate when they become involved in a dispute, particularly if the dispute involves ... of judicial dispute resolution is litigation. Litigation is initiated when one party files suit ... to a higher court. Judicial dispute resolution is typically adversarial in nature, e.g., involving ... non legal dispute resolution specialists form a growing body within the field of ADR. In the United ... settlement of lawsuits. Extrajudicial dispute resolution Some use the term dispute resolution to refer only to alternative dispute resolution ADR , that is, extrajudicial processes such as arbitration ... processes, either before or after a dispute has arisen. ADR has experienced steadily increasing acceptance ... that extrajudicial dispute resolution may not offer the fairest way for parties not in an equal bargaining relationship, for example in a dispute between a consumer and a large corporation ... or more so. Fact date May 2007 Online dispute resolution Dispute resolution can also take place on line or by using technology in certain cases. Online dispute resolution , a growing field of dispute resolution, uses new technologies to solve disputes. Online Dispute Resolution is also called ODR . Online Dispute Resolution or ODR also involves the application of traditional dispute resolution ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 A demarcation dispute occurs when two labour unions claim the right to represent the same class or group of workers. This is particularly important in compulsory arbitration systems of industrial relations, as in Australia where only one union may be the registered representative of a particular type of worker. Portal Organized labour DEFAULTSORT Demarcation Dispute Category Labor Union stub ... more details
cleanup date October 2008 unreferenced date October 2008 For the band, see La Dispute band . La Dispute is a prose comedy written by Pierre de Marivaux , shown for the first time on 19 October 1744 by the Theatre Italien in the Hotel de Bourgogne. Who is more unfaithful in love, men or women? This is the crux of Pierre de Marivaux s lean story of love, desire, betrayal, and passion, a cautionary tale about the danger and intrigue of seduction. Four orphans 2 boys and 2 girls have been raised in isolation, from the world and from each other. How will they respond to their first loves and lusts? And to their first lies? An aristocrat releases four human guinea pigs into a sinister Garden of Eden Garden of Eden to consider the age old question who is more faithful in love, man or woman? Temptation, jealousy and revenge strike as they struggle to triumph in love. La Dispute is a glittering journey into the dark but prophetically modern imagination of Marivaux, the man who carried French comedy into the eighteenth century. One of Marivaux s last pieces, La Dispute was received as a huge failure. It is a funny, erotic and cruel masterpiece. An adaptation was produced at Dublin s Peacock Theatre in early 2009. References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically references Categories Links to the same article in other languages if the articles exist already see Help Interlanguage links DEFAULTSORT Dispute, La Category Italian plays Category 1744 plays 18thC play stub de La Dispute fr La Dispute Marivaux ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Wikify date October 2009 A Dispute Pyramid is an upside down triangle that illustrates how many grievances result in legal proceedings, such as a trial or hearing. Court filings are at the bottom as the smallest amount, then lawyers, then claims , and finally grievances at the top with the largest number. It demonstrates how a large number of grievances, for example, one thousand, will filter down to around seven hundred claims, only one hundred lawyers will be hired, and only fifty Court filings will occur out of those one thousand grievances. Researchers believe that approximately one in every twenty cases that could potentially be brought to Court will actually be brought to Court. The reason for this phenomenon is the existence of settlement litigation settlements outside the Court itself, and the pyramid demonstrates this through numbers. References Reflist Miller, Mark C. 2009 . Exploring Judicial Politics. New York Oxford University Press. DEFAULTSORT Dispute Pyramid Category Dispute resolution ... more details
The Mudginberri slaughterhouse abattoir was the focus of a major industrial relations dispute from 1983 .... ref Bernie Brian, The Mudginberri Abattoir Dispute of 1985 published in Labour History , Number 76, May 1999 ref ref Jim Kitay The Mudginberri Abattoir Dispute of 1985 Response published in Labour ... Jim Kitay The Mudginberri Abattoir Dispute of 1985 Response published in Labour History , Number ... effected by that industrial dispute. And, as such, they found against us that we had to pay the damages that he had incurred during that industrial dispute... ref Allan Anderson, http asslh.org.au ..., and the NFF chose to become involved in the dispute. Paul Houlihan, Industrial Director of the NFF claimed the NFF wanted to get involved in the dispute due to the extreme inefficiencies that exist in most ... Unions H. R. Nicholls Society , 1986 ref The Dispute In 1983, the Australasian Meat Industry Employees ... to that operating at the Katherine abattoir. In July 1984, the AMIEU increased pressure on the dispute .... A settlement of this dispute led to a withdrawal of the picket with each side paying its own ... Dispute of 1985 published in Labour History , Number 76, May 1999 ref The NT Cattlemen s Association ... Brian, The Mudginberri Abattoir Dispute of 1985 published in Labour History , Number 76, May ... Relations Commission held conferences but failed to stop the dispute. As a result, Jay Pendarvis, the owner ... in Canberra but Pendarvis, the MATFA and the NFF, refused to attend saying the dispute was sub judice . On August 12 the employers faxed their terms of settlement for the dispute to the Prime Minister ...? , p386, as referenced in Bernie Brian, The Mudginberri Abattoir Dispute of 1985 published in Labour ... Abattoir Dispute of 1985 published in Labour History , Number 76, May 1999 ref The AMEIU by this stage were interested in finding a compromise to the dispute and on August 27 lodged with the Arbitration ... had no implications beyond the meat industry in the NT. Aftermath The dispute had come at the expense ... more details
More footnotes date September 2010 The Wapping dispute was, along with the UK miners strike 1984 1985 miners strike of 1984 5 , a significant turning point in the history of the trade union movement and of UK industrial relations. It started on 24 January 1986 when some 6,000 newspaper workers went on strike after protracted negotiation with their employers, News International parent of Times Newspapers and News Group Newspapers, and chaired by Rupert Murdoch . News International had built and clandestinely equipped a new printing plant for all its titles in the London district of Wapping , and when the print unions announced a strike it activated this new plant with the assistance of the Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunications and Plumbing Union EETPU . Although individual members of the National ... accepted this advice and refused to go to Wapping. During the dispute they became known as refusenik ... electronically . Eddie Shah s Messenger group, in a long running and bitter dispute at Warrington ... members refused to go and became known during the dispute as refusenik s . The NUJ was represented ... settlement. Start of dispute Immediately after the strike was announced, dismissal notices were ... Post . And so began what became known as the Wapping dispute. In support of sacked members, the print ... means to resolve the dispute. Like the miners strike, large demonstrations were mounted to dissuade ... members of the public were injured, and more than 1,000 arrests made during the dispute. A large scale ... was lost throughout the year of the dispute s duration. Collapse of strike News International ... to allow the dispute to run its course. With thousands of workers having gone for over a year without ... Lawyers, 1987 S Littleton, The Wapping Dispute An Examination of the Conflict & Its Impact on the National ... Wapping extract M Richardson, Leadership, Mobilisation and the 1986 87 News International dispute ... Organized labour DEFAULTSORT Wapping Dispute Category 1986 labor disputes and strikes Category 1987 ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2008 For semantic arguments in linguistics , see verb argument . A semantic dispute is a consensus disagreement that arises if the parties involved disagree about whether a particular claim is true, not because they disagree on material facts, but rather because they disagree on the definition s of a word or several words essential to formulating the claim at issue. It is sometimes held that semantic disputes are not genuine disputes at all. But very often they are regarded as perfectly genuine, e.g., in philosophy . It is also sometimes held that when a semantic dispute arises, the focus of the debate should switch from the original thesis to the meaning of the terms of which there are different definitions understandings, concepts, etc. . One example of a semantic dispute would be as follows. Me The priest is naked. You Shut up, migrane boy. Me Look, look, look, the naked priest. The naked priest You Migrane boy, he get no snake. One example is the differing set of interpretations of UN Security Council Resolution 242 , which calls on Israel to withdraw from territories occupied in the 1967 Six Day War . Many parties, including the government of Israel, hold that this phrase does not mean that Israel should withdraw from all such territories, else the Security Council would have said from the territories occupied . Others, including all of the Arab states, hold that the resolution calls for withdrawal from all of the occupied territories. Other common traps for semantic disputes include the usage of words such as liberalism liberal , democracy democrat , conservatism conservative , republicanism republican , progressivism progressive , Freedom political free , Social welfare welfare or socialist whose meanings in English, or in the United States, are often quite different from how similar words are understood in other languages, countries, or cultures. See also Semantic discord Category Semantics Category Discourse analysis ... more details
orphan date July 2010 A dispute mechanism is a structured process ref cite web author By Kyle url http baseswiki.org en Category Mechanism title BASESwiki Dispute Mechanism Database publisher Baseswiki.org date 2010 05 11 accessdate 2010 05 17 ref that addresses disputes or grievances that arise between two or more parties engaged in business, legal, or societal relationships. Dispute mechanisms are used in Dispute resolution Dispute Resolution , and may incorporate Conciliation , Conflict resolution , Mediation , and Negotiation . Otherwise known as grievance mechanisms , dispute mechanisms are typical non judicial ref name unglobalcompact1 cite web url http www.unglobalcompact.org docs issues doc human rights Human Rights Working Group 29Apr08 7 Report of SRSG to HRC.pdf title 0812861 format PDF date accessdate 2010 05 17 ref in nature, meaning that they are not resolved within the court of law. According to research produced by the non judicial grievance mechanism task force of John Ruggie, Special Representative of Business and Human Rights to the United Nations, those who design and oversee non judicial mechanisms should acknowledge core human rights processes defined by all core all core UN human rights treaties. ref These principles, based on more specific guidance developed for companies, apply across non judicial mechanisms of different kinds. See http www.business humanrights.org Links Repository 308254 link page view. ref Dispute mechanisms comprise a way for Social responsibility socially responsible businesses to meet requirements of corporate responsibility related ... Listing publisher Baseswiki.org date 2010 05 07 accessdate 2010 05 17 ref Dispute mechanisms are an increasingly ... Creative Peacebuilding Dispute resolution Mediation Ombudsman Alternative dispute resolution ADR div col end References references External links http baseswiki.org en Category Mechanism Database of Dispute ... Category Dispute resolution ... more details
distinguish2 the 1846 Zurich dispute between August Ludwig Follen and Arnold Ruge File Fichte.PNG right thumb Appeal to the Public The Atheism Dispute was an event in German cultural history that lasted between 1798 1800 which had an effect on the German philosophy of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. History In 1798, Johann Gottlieb Fichte was accused of atheism after publishing his essay ber den Grund unsers Glaubens an eine g ttliche Weltregierung On the Ground of Our Belief in a Divine World Governance which he had written in response to Friedrich Karl Forberg s essay Development of the Concept of Religion in his Philosophical Journal. Forberg had claimed that unbelievers could be moral if they act as if an all&ndash seeing and punishing God exists. In his brief essay, Fichte attempted to sketch some of his preliminary ideas on philosophy of religion formulated within his Wissenschaftslehre doctrine of science . He characterized God as the living moral order of the world. ref Cite NIE Fichte, Johann Gottlieb year 1905 ref On the Ground of Our Belief in a Divine World Governance provoked the publication of anonymous essay that accused both Fichte and Forberg of atheism and called for Fichte s dismissal from his post at the University of Jena . In the wake of the dispute, many essays were published in defense and against Fichte, as well as defense by Fichte himself. Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi eventually published his famous open letter to Fichte, which saw the first use of the word nihilism, and in which he equated philosophy in general and Fichte s transcendental philosophy in particular with nihilism . This dispute caused German authorities to suppress the original essay as well as threaten the University of Jena itself with preventing enrollment. Fichte was eventually forced to resign his position at Jena and to flee to Berlin as a result of previously made statements in which he threated to resign if he were subjected to official government reprimand ... more details
Refimprove date August 2008 Politics of Cyprus Confusing section date October 2009 The Cyprus dispute is the result of the ongoing conflict between the two Cypriot communities, Greek and Turkish alike, over the status quo of Cyprus , an island nation in the eastern Mediterranean Sea . Initially, with the Modern history of Cyprus Interwar Period annexation of the island by the British Empire , the Cyprus dispute was identified as the conflict between the people of Cyprus and The Crown the British Crown regarding the Cypriots demand for self determination . The dispute however was finally shifted from a colonial dispute to an ethnic dispute between the Turkish and the Greek islanders. ref Anthony Eden, Memoirs, Full Circle, Cassell, London 1960 ref The international complications of the dispute stretch far beyond the boundaries of the island of Cyprus itself and involve Z rich and London Agreement Treaty of Guarantee the guarantor powers Turkey , Greece , and the United Kingdom alike , along with the United States , the United Nations and the European Union . With the Turkish invasion of Cyprus invasion of 1974 condemned by UN Security Council Resolutions as legally invalid , Turkey occupied the northern part of the internationally recognised Republic of Cyprus , and later upon those territories the Turkish Cypriots Turkish Cypriot community unilaterally declared independence forming the Northern Cyprus Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus TNRC , a sovereign entity thats lacks international recognition with the exception of Turkey with which TRNC enjoys full diplomatic relations ... solution over the dispute, the United Nations have since created and maintained a buffer zone the United ... threats by Turkey against the sovereignty and territorial integrity of Cyprus, necessitating a series of UN Resolutions calling, inter alia, for respect of the sovereignty, independence and territorial ... the following issues Constitutional framework Territorial adjustments Return of property to pre ... more details
The Grunwick dispute was an industrial dispute involving trade union recognition at the Grunwick Film ... a decade of industrial unrest, the Grunwick dispute became a cause c l bre of trade unionism and labour ... of 550 arrests made during the strike was at the time the highest such figure in any industrial dispute ... title Grunwick strikers call it a day ref Journalist Paul Foot described the dispute as a central ... 2003 ref rp at 1 15 The dispute was reported nightly on the national television news, depicting the often ... title Callaghan had Scargill watched as Grunwick dispute escalated date 28 December 2007 accessdate ... time that this paramilitary police unit had been deployed in an industrial dispute. ref name ... the first dispute where the majority of strikers were from an minority group ethnic minority ... and the workers strike committee announced the end of the dispute in June 1978. The repercussions ... of the dispute, the firm operated on a postal basis, in which customers mailed undeveloped .... In 1973, there had been a previous dispute over union recognition at Grunwick, and a number of workers ... Brent South , Laurence Pavitt , said that in his dealings with the company over many years prior to the dispute ... International Socialism issn 17544653 issue 101 date September 1977 location London ref However, the dispute ... that the Secretary of State for Employment , Albert Booth , establish a court of inquiry into the dispute. On 7 September Grantham addressed the TUC s Annual Congress regarding the Grunwick dispute. As a result ... firm involved in industrial dispute ref Union of Post Office Workers boycott When the strike began ... with ACAS to end the dispute and criticised the involvement of NAFF, saying that this was not the first ... recognized as workers concerned with the dispute. Grunwick were ordered to pay costs, in the region ... would not interfere with peaceful picketing in a trade dispute. The company was unable to provide evidence ... page 3 issue 59950 date 12 March 1977 ref Violence The dispute turned violent for a few weeks in June ... more details
The Intermediate dispute was a major split in Scotland Scottish Football soccer football which lasted from 1925 to 1931 and concerned the compensation that Scottish Junior Football Association Junior clubs received when one of their players moved to a Senior football league side. Although largely confined to the West of Scotland, the dispute involved many of the best Junior clubs in the country, setting them in direct conflict with both the Scottish Football Association and their own organisation, the Scottish Junior Football Association . History The dispute was principally led by the Glasgow Junior Football League GJL . The GJL was the strongest Junior league in Scotland, having provided fifteen of the twenty six Scottish Junior Cup winners since the turn of the century. ref Harvnb McGlone McLure 1987 p 109 ref Its clubs were increasingly dissatisfied with the behaviour of Senior clubs, in both Scotland and England, who would often approach a player without first contacting the Junior club themselves, then offering little or no compensation for that player if signed. In 1925, the GJL introduced a new player registration form, known as the White Form . This document gave clubs a two year option on a players services, enabling greater compensation to be demanded and became the principle to unite the Intermediate movement. In March 1926, sixty two clubs met to form the Scottish Intermediate Junior Football Association and a split with the Scottish Junior Football Association became inevitable. The SJFA sympathised with the Intermediate cause but would not sanction a breakaway. The Intermediates for their part, felt that the SJFA had failed to negotiate powerfully enough on their behalf with the Scottish Football Association . ref Harvnb McGlone McLure 1987 p 127 ref The reaction ... of the eighteen clubs supporting the dispute. ref Harvnb McGlone McLure 1987 p 201 ref Clubs in Fife ... Cup. For the next four seasons, despite much negotiation, both sides in the dispute maintained their positions ... more details
Ayodhya debate The Ayodhya dispute lang hi is a political, historical and socio religious debate in India , centred on a plot of land in the city of Ayodhya , Faizabad district, Uttar Pradesh . The main issues revolve around access to a site traditionally regarded as the birthplace of the Hindu ... holy cities for Hindus. ref cite web title Dispute claims and counter claims url http www.thaindian.com newsportal uncategorized ayodhya dispute claims and counter claims 100436546.html publisher ... dispute, within which, in the mosque the Mohamedans pray, while outside the fence the Hindus ... Sketch of Tehsil Fyzabad, Lucknow 1870, cited by Harsh Narain The Ayodhya Temple Mosque Dispute Focus ... last Gumaste first Vivek title Can court verdict resolve Ayodhya dispute? url http news.rediff.com column ... blockquote I visited the land in dispute yesterday in the presence of all parties. I found that the Masjid ... the history and location of the Babri Mosque, is known as the Ayodhya dispute. Excavations Before ... Suryamurthy, R. August 2003 ASI findings may not resolve title dispute The Tribune August 26, 2003 ... dispute and slew of legal suits url http www.dnaindia.com india report time line of ayodhya dispute ..., towards resolution of a long pending dispute. Hindu Nationalism The Ayodhya debate has grown along ... thoughts relating to the Temple Mount . It shows that the Temple Mount dispute is far from unique ... 90 years. 1949 In December of that year, idols were put inside the mosque. Both sides to the dispute ... Court refused to admit a review petition on the Ayodhya dispute. 2009 The Liberhan Commission, which ... 30 The Allahabad High Court pronounces its verdict on four title suits relating to the Ayodhya dispute ... date accessdate 2010 10 02 ref Ayodhya dispute history ref cite web url http news.oneindia.in feature 2010 ayodhya dispute history ram temple babri masjid.html title Ayodhya Dispute ... Kansas City, August 27, 2003 . Harsh Narain . 1993. The Ayodhya Temple Mosque Dispute Focus on Muslim ... more details
The MVDDS dispute refers to several legal disputes and political controversies that surrounded Federal Communications Commission FCC approval of MVDDS terrestrial wireless broadband technology. The controversy arose over the lobbying efforts of Northpoint Technology, a developer of MVDDS, to receive approval and licensing for the technology. The dispute later transformed into several court cases against the FCC and Direct broadcast satellite satellite television providers, as well as a patent infringement case against MDS America and MDS International. As a result of the dispute, Northpoint lost the patents. Development of MVDDS Multichannel Video Distribution and Data Service MVDDS is a land based system for sending wireless broadband signals over a part of the electromagnetic spectrum usually reserved for satellite television within the frequency range of 12.2 to 12.7 GHz . The technology allows sharing the spectrum with the satellite signals without Electromagnetic interference interference . ref name devx cite news last Roy first Mark date 2003 10 31 work DevX News title The High Cost of Lowering Broadband Prices url http www.devxnews.com article.php 3102421 accessdate 2007 05 01 ref MDS began developing an MVDDS technology in the mid 1980s which it later called HyperCable http www.hypercable.fr . The CEO of MDS America , the company that was to be the product s distributor in the United States and the primary investor in MDS International this is false at any time MDS America do not hold any share in MDSi , claimed in 2001 that the technology had been used in 20 locations worldwide since 1996. ref name newsbytes cite news last Bonisteel first Steven date 2001 05 08 publisher Newsbytes News Network title MDS Gains Ground In Bid To Share Satellite Spectrum url http findarticles.com p articles mi m0NEW is 2001 May 8 ai 74398285 accessdate 2007 05 01 Dead link date October .... References reflist DEFAULTSORT Mvdds Dispute Category Political controversies in the United States ... more details
Out of date date December 2010 Image Icesave.png thumb 300px Icsesave logo The Icesave dispute is a Diplomacy diplomatic dispute that began in 2008 between Iceland on one hand and the United Kingdom and the Netherlands on the other. The dispute is centered on the retail creditors of the Icelandic bank Landsbanki , which offered online savings accounts under the Icesave brand . The bank was placed into receivership by the Icelandic Financial Supervisory Authority FME on 7 October 2008. As a result, more than 400,000 depositors with Icesave accounts in the UK and the Netherlands were unable to access their money for at least 6 to 8 weeks, while waiting for payout from the Deposit Guarantee Schemes in these countries. Much of the public controversy arose around the UK s use of the anti terrorism legislation against Iceland. ref cite web author Bloomberg title U.K. Used Anti Terrorism Law to Seize Icelandic Bank Assets url http www.bloomberg.com apps news?pid newsarchive&sid aXjIA5NzyM5c date 8 October 9, 2008 accessdate 28 November 2010 ref Icesave Icesave was an online savings account brand owned and operated by Landsbanki from 2006 2008 that offered savings account s. It operated in two ... dispute had got underway, it became clear that there had been several high level contacts between ... , UK Chancellor of the Exchequer during the Icesave dispute On the afternoon of 7 October, after ... with Britain and the Netherlands over the Icesave dispute, and this would be a prerequisite to loans ... in the UK at the time of the crisis, at a cost of some 1.4 billion 1.7bn . The dispute over ... of the ongoing IceSave dispute, the EFTA Surveillance Authority ESA decided on May 26 ... at resolving the Icesave dispute came the very weekend after the collapse of Landsbanki, when ... approved by the Board of the IMF, it became clear that the Icesave dispute had not been resolved ... dispute before it could expect any help from the European Union . Foreign Minister Iceland Icelandic ... more details
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