thumb right 200px The liquid helium is in the superfluid phase. As long as it remains superfluid ... in superfluid SimpleNuclide Link Helium 4 . Theories Lev Landau L. D. Landau s phenomenological and semi ... fluid density equals the total density, the SimpleNuclide Helium 4 is no longer superfluid. To explain the early specific heat data on superfluid SimpleNuclide Helium 4 , Landau posited the existence ... experiments by Palevsky. Landau thought that vorticity entered superfluid SimpleNuclide Helium ... vortex rings. Background Although the phenomenologies of the superfluid states of helium 4 and helium ... 3 atoms are fermion s, and the superfluid transition in this system is described by a generalization ..., such as supercooled helium 4, exhibit many unusual properties. See Helium Helium II state . Superfluid ... fluid, and a superfluid component. The superfluid component has zero viscosity , zero entropy , and infinite thermal conductivity . It is thus impossible to set up a temperature gradient in a superfluid ... of heat to a spot in superfluid helium results in a wave of heat conduction at the relatively high ... of superfluid helium and then heated, even by shining a light on it, the superfluid helium will flow ... effect is that superfluid helium can form a layer, 30 nm thick, up the sides of any container ... becomes visible if superfluid is placed in a rotating container. Instead of rotating uniformly ... the speed of sound in the superfluid is reached, the superfluid will very quickly begin spinning at the critical speed. The speed is quantized, that is, a superfluid can only spin at certain allowed ... speed, the superfluid will rotate very quickly along with the container, otherwise, if the speed is too slow, then the superfluid will not move at all. Rotation in a normal fluid like water is not quantized ... there can be a transfer of mass without a transfer of energy when such a fluid superfluid system is introduced in a setup that would normally trap a fluid, the superfluid can flow out due to its zero ... more details
Polariton superfluid is predicted to be a state of the exciton polariton system that combines the characteristics of lasers with those of excellent electrical conductors. Researchers look for this state in a solid state optical microcavity coupled with quantum well exciton s. The idea is to create an ensemble of particles known as exciton polariton s and trap them. Wave behavior in this state results in a light beam similar to that from a laser but possibly more energy efficient. Unlike traditional superfluid s that need temperatures of approximately 4 K, the polariton superfluid could in principle be stable at much higher temperatures, and might soon be demonstrable at room temperature. ref Cite web author Morgan Kelly title Pitt Researchers Create New Form of Matter url http mac10.umc.pitt.edu m FMPro? db ma& lay a& format d.html&id 2936& Find publisher University of Pittsburgh accessdate 2007 05 31 ref Claims of the polariton superfluid appeared in the May 18, 2007, issue of the journal Science journal Science by David Snoke, an associate professor in the physics and astronomy department in the University of Pittsburgh School of Arts and Sciences . ref Cite web author Stella Hurtley, Phil Szuromi title Rubble Pile in Space url http www.sciencemag.org cgi reprint 316 5827 949c.pdf publisher American Association for the Advancement of Science accessdate 2007 05 31 ref Snoke worked with University of Pittsburgh graduate students Ryan Balili and Vincent Hartwell on the project and their collaborators at the Bell Labs of Alcatel Lucent in New Jersey . Although several other researchers are working in the same field, ref cite paper author Jacek Kasprzak year 2006 title Condensation of exciton polaritons url http tel.archives ouvertes.fr docs 00 11 83 16 PDF Kasprzak Jacek.pdf ... and conclusions are not completely shared by them. In particular, important properties of superfluid ... Persistent currents and quantized vortices in a polariton superfluid journal Nature Physics volume ... more details
s in thin films, specifically helium , the two main experimental signatures are the superfluid fraction and heat capacity . If either of these measurements were to be done on a superfluid film in a typical .... Therefore, when studying superfluid films, it is of paramount importance to study a system of large ... ref D. J. Bishop, J. D. Reppy. Study of the Superfluid Transition in Two Dimensional sup 4 sup He .... Superfluid Transition of sup 4 sup He Films Adsorbed on Porous Vycor Glass. Phys. Rev. Lett. 39, 348 ... of porous gold, 10 micrometres square gallery One can measure the superfluid response of the film by measuring ... design was first used by Andronikashvili to detect superfluid in bulk fluid sup 4 sup He and later ... of the film becomes superfluid, it no longer has any viscosity and will remain at rest in the lab ... the superfluid state. A typical set of data clearly showing the superfluid decoupling in helium films ... the superfluid transition, the superfluid decouples and the frequency increases. ref M Hieda, A. C. Clark, M. H. W. Chan. Quartz crystal microbalance study of superfluid sup 4 sup He films on gold and porous ... on mylar . Specifically, they found that the transition temperature scaled with film thickness and the superfluid ... ref See also Superfluid Bose Einstein condensate Superconductivity Quantum vortex Supersolid Phase ... more details
Two fluid model is a traffic model to represent an urban non freeway traffic network. Established in the 1970s by Nobel prize winner scientist Ilya Prigogine and Robert Herman, two fluid model of town traffic successfully explain quality of traffic in a town city or metropolitan area. There is also a two fluid model which helps explain the behavior of superfluid helium . This model states that there will be two components in liquid helium below its lambda point the temperature where superfluid forms . These components are a normal fluid and a superfluid component. Each liquid has a different density and together their sum makes the total density, which remains constant. The ratio of superfluid density to the total density increases as the temperature approaches absolute zero. External links http www.yutopian.com Yuan TFM.html Two Fluid Model of Superfluid Helium Category Mathematical modeling ... more details
Roton is the name of Roton , an excitation in superfluid Helium 4 Roton label , a Romanian record label Roton, the ill fated design for a single stage to orbit vehicle designed by Gary Hudson that was developed at Rotary Rocket disambig de Roton fr Roton ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2007 A quantum solvent is essentially a superfluid aka a Quantum hydrodynamics quantum liquid used to solvation dissolve another chemical species . Any superfluid can theoretically act as a quantum solvent, however in practice the only viable superfluid medium that can currently be used is Helium Isotopes helium 4 , and it has been successfully accomplished in controlled conditions. Such solvents are currently under investigation for use in spectroscopy spectroscopic techniques in the field of analytical chemistry , due to their superior kinetic properties. Any matter dissolved or otherwise suspended in the superfluid will tend to aggregate together in clumps, encapsulated by a quantum solvation shell . Due to the totally frictionless nature of the superfluid medium, the entire object then proceeds to act very much like a nanoscopic ball bearing, allowing effectively complete rotational freedom of the solvated chemical species . A quantum solvation shell consists of a region of non superfluid helium 4 atoms that surround the molecule s and exhibit adiabatic following around the centre of gravity of the solute. As such, the kinetics of an effectively gaseous molecule can be studied without the need to use an actual gas which can be impractical or impossible . It is necessary to make a small alteration to the Rotational spectroscopy Classification of molecules based on rotational behavior rotational constant of the chemical species being examined, in order to compensate for the higher mass entailed by the quantum solvation shell. Quantum solvation has so far been achieved with a number of organic, inorganic and organometallic compounds, and it has been speculated that as well as the obvious use in the field of spectroscopy , quantum solvents could be used as tools in nanoscale chemical engineering, perhaps to manufacture components for use in nanotechnology . References reflist Category Condensed matter physics Category Nanotechnology Category ... more details
, after a cup of coffee is stirred it will eventually return to rest . A superfluid is a fluid which ... about by the low temperatures involved. Despite having no viscosity, turbulence is possible in a superfluid ... found experimentally. Since the flow of a superfluid is an inherently quantum phenomenon, turbulence ... fluid and superfluid, having a total density equal to the sum of the densities of the two components. The normal part behaves like any other liquid, and the superfluid part flows without resistance. The proportions ... 2.172 K to all superfluid at zero temperature. In turbulence, the normal fluid behaves as a classical fluid, and has a classically turbulent velocity field when a superfluid experiences turbulence. In the superfluid component, however, vorticity is restricted to the quantized vortex lines ... where the normal and superfluid components are made to flow in opposite directions generated by a steady ..., which gives a measure of the density of vortex lines in the superfluid. However, this technique is less .... Second sound is a sound wave in which the superfluid and normal components of the superfluid oscillate ... be possible in a superfluid via the quantized vortex lines was first suggested as a possibility by the theoretician ... also Superfluid Quantum vortex DEFAULTSORT Quantum Turbulence Category Turbulence ... more details
, liquid helium , and atomic gases see Bose Einstein condensate . A quantum vortex in a superfluid ..., and they are both quantized. In addition, the make up of each quantum vortex is neither superfluid nor superconductor, for each system. In a superfluid, a quantum vortex carries the angular momentum , thus allowing the superfluid to rotate in a superconductor, the vortex carries the magnetic flux . Vortex in a superfluid In a superfluid, a quantum vortex is a hole with the superfluid circulating ... of the vortex depends upon the chemical make up of the superfluid in liquid helium , the thickness is on the order of a few Angstroms . A superfluid has the special property of having phase, given by the wavefunction , and the velocity of the superfluid is proportional to the gradient of the phase. The circulation fluid dynamics circulation around any closed loop in the superfluid is zero, if the region enclosed is simply connected . The superfluid is deemed irrotational . However, if the enclosed region actually contains a smaller region that is an absence of superfluid, for example a rod through the superfluid or a vortex, then the circulation is, math oint C mathbf v cdot ,d mathbf ... is Planck s constant divided by math 2 pi math , m is the mass of the superfluid particle, and math ... in a superfluid or a superconductor , the vortex loops undergo a second order phase transition ... transforms the superfluid or superconductor into the normal state. The ensembles of vortex ... column count 3 moz column count 3 webkit column count 3 vortex superfluidsuperfluid film Quantum ... more details
Otheruses Context date October 2009 A roton is an elementary excitation, or quasiparticle , in superfluid Helium 4. The dispersion relation of elementary excitations in this superfluid shows a linear increase from the origin, but exhibits first a maximum and then a minimum in energy as the momentum increases. Excitations with momenta in the linear region are called phonon s those with momenta close to the minimum are called rotons. Excitations with momenta near the maximum are sometimes called maxons. References Reflist http link.aps.org doi 10.1103 RevModPhys.29.205 Feynman, RP, Superfluidity and Superconductivity , Rev. Mod. Phys. 29, 205 1957 particles Category Quasiparticles physics stub ar de Roton Physik fr Roton physique it Rotone hu Roton ja pl Roton ru sl Roton uk ... more details
Wikify date January 2011 A superglass is a phase of matter which is characterized at the same time by superfluid ity and a frozen amorphous structure. ref cite journal author Giulio Biroli Claudio Chamon Francesco Zamponi year 2008 title Theory of the superglass phase journal Physical Review B volume 78 issue 22 pages 19 doi 10.1103 PhysRevB.78.224306 ref See also Superfluid References reflist External links http www.sciencenews.org view generic id 39242 title Superglass could be new state of matter Superglass could be new state of matter subscription required http www.phys.ens.fr zamponi archivio talks 2009 02 24 firenze.pdf A new quantum glass phase the superglass http prl.aps.org Phys. Rev. Lett. Vol.101, 8th Aug 2008 Phase of matter Category Condensed matter physics Category Phases of matter Category Glass physics physics stub fi Supralasi ... more details
wiktionary boojum Boojum may refer to A particularly dangerous kind of Snark Lewis Carroll Snark , a fictional animal species created by Lewis Carroll. Jud Wilson Jud Boojum Wilson , an American baseball player. Boojum superfluidity , a phenomenon in physics, associated with superfluid Helium 3. The boojum tree of Baja, California and Sonora, Mexico. SSM A 5 Boojum , a planned but never completed supersonic version of the SM 62 Snark , an intercontinental cruise missile. disambig ... more details
force is the Van der Waals force . These waves are known as third sound . See also Superfluid ... 1939 author B.V. Rollin and F. Simon External links http www.dailymotion.com video x3qvqg superfluid tech Video of the property in action http www.alfredleitner.com Liquid Helium,Superfluid demonstrating ... more details
condensation system Superfluid 4He in Nuclepore, Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 4222 1996 . A. H. Wootters ... of superfluid 4He in Nuclepore, Physica B 284, 141 2000 . A. H. Wootters and R. B. Hallock, Hysteretic behavior of superfluid helium in Anopore, J. Low Temp. Phys. 121, 549 2001 . A. H. Wootters and R. B. Hallock, The effect of perimeter limited superfluid 4He fluid flow on avalanches in Nuclepore, J ... of nanoporous Nuclepore mediated by the superfluid helium film Phys. Rev. B 65, 104503 2002 . A. H. Wootters and R. B. Hallock, Simulated avalanches in the draining of superfluid helium from ... more details
pp move indef small yes Expert subject Physics date November 2008 A fermionic condensate is a superfluid Phase matter phase formed by fermion ic particles at low temperature s. It is closely related to the Bose Einstein condensate , a superfluid phase formed by boson ic atoms under similar conditions. Unlike the Bose Einstein condensates, fermionic condensates are formed using fermion s instead of bosons. The earliest recognized fermionic condensate described the state of electron s in a superconductivity superconductor the physics of other examples including recent work with fermionic atom s is analogous. The first atomic fermionic condensate was created by Deborah S. Jin in 2003. A chiral condensate is an example of a fermionic condensate that appears in theories of massless fermions with chiral symmetry breaking. Background Superfluidity Fermionic condensates are called the sixth state of matter. They are attained at temperatures lower than Bose Einstein condensates. Fermionic condensates are a type of superfluid. As the name suggests, a superfluid possesses fluid properties similar ... superfluid helium and a Bose Einstein condensate is that the former is condensed from a liquid while ... superfluid than a bosonic one, because the Pauli exclusion principle prohibits fermions from occupying the same quantum state . However, there is a well known mechanism by which a superfluid ... to flow without dissipation. As a result, it becomes a superfluid, and the material through which ... 3 becomes a superfluid below 0.0025 K. It was soon verified that the superfluidity of helium 3 arises from a BCS like mechanism. The theory of superfluid helium 3 is a little more complicated than ... fermionic atoms, which would form a superfluid by the BCS mechanism. However, early calculations ... of the quark s can be incorporated using chiral perturbation theory . Helium 3 superfluid A helium ... and condense into a superfluid . These Cooper pairs are substantially larger than the interatomic ... more details
and helium 4 undergo a transition to a superfluid phase see table below . ref name w1 Liquid helium ... helium 3, and a denser superfluid that is mostly helium 4. This occurs because the system ... pressure Standard atmospheric pressure atm 29 atm at 0.3 K Superfluid transition temperature ... book author Dieter Vollhart and Peter W lfle title The Superfluid Phases of Helium 3 page 3 publisher ... suddenly becomes violent for a moment and then apparently stops completely. In the superfluid state ..., hence no gas bubbles in the body of the liquid are formed. Image Liquid helium superfluid phase.jpg Superfluid phase at temperature below 2.17 K no visible boiling, see caption of picture to the left . gallery See also colbegin 3 Expansion ratio Liquid nitrogen Liquid hydrogen Superfluid ... more details
Analog models of gravity is a direction of research in physics , where various phenomena of general relativity e.g., black holes or physical cosmology cosmological geometries are Scientific modelling modeled by other physical system s, such as acoustics in a moving fluid , superfluid helium , or Bose Einstein condensate gravity wave s in water and propagation of electromagnetic waves in a dielectric medium. See also Acoustic metric Dumb hole External links http relativity.livingreviews.org Articles lrr 2005 12 Analogue Gravity a review of analog models of gravity Category General relativity Category Physical systems phys stub es Modelo an logo ... more details
Use dmy dates date September 2010 Timeline of states of matter and phase transitions 1895 Pierre Curie discovers that induced magnetization is proportional to magnetic field strength 1911 Heike Kamerlingh Onnes discloses his research on superconductivity 1912 Peter Debye derives the T cubed law for the low temperature heat capacity of a nonmetallic solid 1925 Ernst Ising presents the solution to the one dimensional Ising model 1928 Felix Bloch applies quantum mechanics to electronic band structure electrons in crystal lattices , establishing the quantum theory of solids 1929 Paul Dirac Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac and Werner Karl Heisenberg develop the quantum theory of ferromagnetism 1932 Louis N el Louis Eug ne F lix Neel discovers antiferromagnetism 1933 Walter Meissner and Robert Ochsenfeld discover perfect superconducting diamagnetism 1933 1937 Lev Davidovich Landau develops the Landau theory of phase transition s 1937 Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and John Frank Allen discover superfluid ity 1941 Lev Davidovich Landau explains superfluid ity 1942 Hannes Alfven predicts magnetohydrodynamics magnetohydrodynamic waves in plasmas 1944 Lars Onsager publishes the exact solution to the two dimensional Ising model 1957 John Bardeen , Leon Cooper , and Robert Schrieffer develop the BCS theory of superconductivity End of the 50s Lev Davidovich Landau develops the theory of Fermi liquid 1959 Philip Warren Anderson predicts Anderson localization localization in disordered systems 1972 Douglas Osheroff , Robert Coleman Richardson Robert C. Richardson , and David Lee physicist David Lee discover that helium 3 can become a superfluid 1974 Kenneth G. Wilson develops the renormalization group technique for treating phase transitions 1980 Klaus von Klitzing discovers the quantum Hall effect 1982 Horst L. Stoermer and Daniel C. Tsui discover the fractional quantum Hall effect 1983 Robert B. Laughlin explains the fractional quantum Hall effect 1987 Karl Alexander M ller and Georg Bednor ... more details
MI state at small math t math , or in a superfluid SF state at large math t math , or in a supersolid SS phase where both solid and superfluid diagonal and off diagonal orders coexist. The Mott insulating ... superfluidsuperfluid susceptibility . Quantum phase transitions in the Bose Hubbard ..., Theodor W H nsch, and Immanuel Bloch, Quantum phase transition from a superfluid to a Mott insulator ... more details
wiktionarypar creep Creep may refer to CREEP, the Committee to Re elect the President , associated with the Watergate scandal of U.S. president Nixon s administration. Creep project management , the jeopardizing of a project s initial objectives by an increase in overall objectives. Creep Customary Practice , a customary practice of searching for a wife in Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands In science Creep deformation , the tendency of a solid material to slowly move or deform permanently under the influence of stresses. Downhill creep , the slow progression of soil and rock down a low grade slope. Aseismic creep , a slow steady movement along an earthquake fault. Rail adhesion Forces on wheels Creep , advancing of a railway wheel more or less than is expected from rolling, without large scale slip. Superfluid Superfluid creep , the tendency for a superfluid to crawl up the walls of its container. Location creep , an Real time locating system Erratic effects in locating systems erratic effect in real time locating systems In video games Creep Starcraft Creep Starcraft , an organic ground cover necessary for constructing structures by the Zerg race in Starcraft Creeps , Non player characters in WarCraft III In film Creeps 1956 film Creeps 1956 film , a short starring the Three Stooges. Night of the Creeps , a 1986 comedy sci fi horror film. Creep film Creep film , a 2005 British horror film. Creep , a documentary about the making of the 1964 horror sci fi film The Creeping Terror , to be released in 2011 In music The Creep , a 1950s instrumental by Ken Mackintosh Creep Mobb Deep song Creep Mobb Deep song , by Mobb Deep. Creep Radiohead song Creep Radiohead song , by Radiohead. Creep Stone Temple Pilots song Creep Stone Temple Pilots song , by Stone Temple Pilots. Creep TLC song Creep TLC song , by TLC. Creep , a song by Dannii Minogue on the album Neon Nights The Creeps Get on the Dancefloor , a song by the Freaks . The Creeps , a song by Camille Jones and Fedde le Gr ... more details
Unreferenced stub date December 2009 Infobox Scientist name John Jack Frank Allen box width image Replace this image male.svg image width 150px caption John Jack Frank Allen birth date May 5, 1908 birth place Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada death date April 22, 2001 death place Elie , Fife , Scotland residence citizenship nationality Canada , England ethnicity field physics work institutions St Andrews University alma mater doctoral advisor doctoral students known for superfluid phase matter phase of matter author abbrev bot author abbrev zoo influences influenced prizes religion footnotes signature John Jack Frank Allen May 5, 1908 &ndash April 22, 2001 was a Canadian born physicist . Along with Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa and Don Misener , Allen discovered the superfluid phase matter phase of matter in 1937 using liquid helium in the Royal Society Mond Laboratory in Cambridge , England . He was elected as a fellow of the Royal Society in 1949. Born in Winnipeg , he was also known as Jack Allen. Allen was professor of physics at St Andrews University , Scotland from 1947 to 1978, and then emeritus professor until his death. Allen also used a movie camera to film his experiments, such as the superfluid helium fountain . His was an early use of moving images to documents experiments and inform students and the general public. This is a trend that has been maintained by his relative Richard D. Allen filmmaker See also Timeline of low temperature technology Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Allen, John F. ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH May 5, 1908 PLACE OF BIRTH Winnipeg , Manitoba , Canada DATE OF DEATH April 22, 2001 PLACE OF DEATH Elie , Fife , Scotland DEFAULTSORT Allen, John F. Category Canadian physicists Category Fellows of the Royal Society Category Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Category People from Winnipeg Category Canadian people of Scottish descent Category Scottish physicists Category Academics of the University ... more details
About the physical phenomenon other uses Boojum disambiguation In the physics of superfluidity , a boojum is a geometric pattern on the surface of one of the Phase matter phase s of superfluid helium 3 , whose motion can result in the decay of a supercurrent . A boojum can result from a monopole singularity in the bulk of the liquid being drawn to, and then pinned on a surface. Although superfluid helium 3 only exists within a few thousandths of a degree of absolute zero , boojums have also been observed forming in various liquid crystal s at room temperature. The boojum was named by David Mermin of Cornell University in 1976. He was inspired by Lewis Carroll s poem The Hunting of the Snark . As in the poem, the appearance of a boojum can cause something in this case, the supercurrent to softly and suddenly vanish away . Other, less whimsical names had already been suggested for the phenomenon, but Mermin was persistent. After an exchange of letters that Mermin describes as both lengthy and hilarious ref http www.cornell.edu academics faculty dmermin.cfm Faculty Highlights David Mermin , at Cornell University , retrieved March 14 2011 ref , the editors of Physical Review Letters agreed to his terminology. Research using the term boojum in a superfluid context was first published in 1977, and the term has since gained widespread acceptance in broader areas of physics. Its Russian phonetic equivalent is budzhum , which is also well accepted by physicists. The plural of the term is boojums , a word initially disliked by Mermin who at first used booja but one which is defined unambiguously by Carroll in his poem. References reflist cite book author N. David Mermin title Boojums all the way through communicating science in a prosaic age publisher Cambridge University Press year 1990 isbn 0 521 38880 5 page xii A collection of articles by David Mermin, including E pluribus boojum link below . External links http www.physicstoday.com pt vol 34 iss 4 vol34no4p46 53.pdf E pl ... more details
which could not be explained by classical models, but which was consistent with a superfluid like decoupling ... superfluid inside, then the mass moving with the doughnut is less and the oscillation will occur at a faster rate. In this way one can measure the amount of superfluid existing at various temperatures. Kim and Chan found that up to about 2 of the material in the doughnut was superfluid ... 4 contain a small amount of helium 3. When some of this is removed, the superfluid transition ... SuperfluidSuperfluid film Superglass References Reflist 2 External links http www.nature.com ... more details
A quantum fluid can refer to a cluster of valence electrons moving together after they undergo fermionic condensate fermionic condensation . Under extremely high pressures and low temperatures electrons may condense into a quantum fluid. In such a state, electrical current can theoretically flow forever with a complete absence of voltage , meaning that its electric potential does not change, as in a superconductor . they are like a 5th state of matter Quantum fluids exhibit the remarkable property of remaining liquid at absolute zero temperature and zero pressure. This effect arises from their large zero point energy and the small interatomic forces, both of which prevent the formation of a solid phase. A quantum fluid can also refer to a superfluid made up of atoms . References cite book last Lerner first Rita G. and Trigg, George L. title Encyclopedia of Physics publisher VHC Publishers year 1990 isbn 0 89573 752 3 Category Condensed matter physics ... more details
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