Image Steelframe development.JPG thumb right Steel framed housing development so where is that then??? Portsmouth. Image Lloyds Axe and Willis.jpg thumb right Rectangular steelframe, or perimeter frame of the Willis building at right contrasted against the diagrid frame at 30 St Mary Axe , London, UK. Steelframe usually refers to a building technique with a skeleton frame of vertical steel columns ... paint have been used to cover the frame to protect the steel from the weather. Light steel framing ... SteelFrame Frequently Asked Questions http buildipedia.com on site item 933 light gauge metal ... and walls of a building which are all attached to the frame. The development of this technique made the construction of the skyscraper possible. Concept The Rolling mill rolled steel profile or cross section geometry cross section of steel columns takes the shape of the letter H . The two wide flange ... compressive stress in the structure. Square and round tubular sections of steel can also be used, often filled with concrete. Steel beams are connected to the columns with bolts and threaded fasteners, and historically connected by rivets . The central web of the steel I beam I beam is often wider than a column web to resist the higher bending moments that occur in beams. Wide sheets of steel deck can be used to cover the top of the steelframe as a form or corrugation corrugated mold, below a thick layer of concrete and steel rebar reinforcing bars . Another popular alternative is a floor ... surface and the structural floor being used for cables and air handling ducts. The frame needs to be protected from fire because steel softens at high temperature and this can cause the building ... by a fire resistant ceiling construction. The exterior skin of the building is anchored to the frame ... made with light gauge steel Thin sheets of galvanized steel can be formed into Wall stud steel studs ... for electrical wiring. Steel mills produce galvanized sheet steel, the base material for light gauge ... more details
on a Hetchins frame Lugged steelframe construction is a method of building bicycle bicycle frameframe s using steel tubing and sockets, called lugs. For most of history of the bicycle bicycle s history steel has been the primary material for bicycle frames, with lugged construction the primary assembling method. Steel continues in use by builders of high quality steel frames, though its dominance as a frame material has waned since the mid 1990s. Method of construction Lugged steel construction uses standard cylindrical steel tubes which are connected with lugs, external fittings made of pieces of steel sometimes stainless steel which fit over the ends of the tubing. Before assembly ... frame mitering.html Mitering steelframe tubes Verify credibility date November ... to accentuate their appearance. Lugged steelframe can be repaired more easily than Mig welding MIG ... of lugged steel construction From the late 19th century until the 1970s, ref name sb this method of frame ... dates date October 2010 DEFAULTSORT Lugged SteelFrame Construction Category Bicycle parts Category .... br Clockwise from top left seat lug, upper head lug, lower head lug. Image Lug on steel bicycle frame.jpg thumb 175px This seat lug joins the seat tube, top tube, and seat stays of a steel touring bicycle frame. It also has an opening in which to insert the seat post, and a clamp to hold the seat post securely in place. Image Head lugs on steel bicycle frame.jpg thumb 175px right Simple, pointed ... Harris Cyclery Verify credibility date November 2010 ref When brazing a bicycle frame, builders may ... alignment. ref http spokesmanbicycles.com page.cfm?PageID 329 Metallurgy For Cyclists Steel is Real ... to construct a typical bicycle frame diamond frame seat lug or seat cluster joins the top tube and seat tube the ends of the bicycle frame Seat stays seat stay s are usually brazed directly to the sides ... stays. Also has an opening for the seatpost bottom bracket shell joins the bicycle frame Chain stays ... more details
Summary Information Description A steel framed housing development in Portsmouth. Note the metal floor tray that is likely to be filled with concrete. Source I created this work entirely by myself. Date 18 11 08 Author Mok9 other versions Licensing PD self date November 2008 ... more details
About the basic structure the house style A Frame house the equipment used in dog competitions dog agility the musical group A Frames band Refimprove date February 2007 File Sawhorse.svg thumb 150px A sawhorse , which is an A frame structure. An A frame is a basic structure designed to bear a load in a lightweight economical manner. The simplest form of an A frame is two similarly sized beams, arranged in a 45 degree or greater angle, attached at the top. These materials are often wooden or steel beams attached at the top by rope, welding , Adhesive gluing , or rivet ing. Because they have only two legs , A frames are usually set up in rows so that they can have good stability. A saw horse is a good example of this structure. More complex structures will have a crossmember connecting the two materials in the middle to prevent the legs from bowing outwards under load, giving the structure the appearance of the capital letter A . Other structures that use A frames A roof on a home A frame camping tent Folding ladder Double wishbone suspension cars Some suspension bridge s A frame for hang gliders, trikes, and ultralights at the stern of ships for fishing or research The main building of Florida s Disney s Contemporary Resort , in which the Walt Disney World monorail has a station Some Wienerschnitzel and Whataburger restaurants use the A frame The London Eye is supported by only one A frame on one side. Category Structural system ... more details
wiktionary TOCRight A frame is a structural system that supports other components of a physical construction. Frame may also refer to Engineering & construction Framing construction , a building term known as light frame construction Frame vehicle , to which everything on an automobile is mounted Bicycle frame , the main component of a bicycle, onto which other components are fitted Frame aircraft , structural rings in an aircraft fuselage Motorcycle frame , main component of a motorcycle, onto which ... of heavy timber A frame , a basic structure designed to bear a load in a lightweight economical manner A Frame house , a house following the same principle Space frame , a method of construction using ... a building Frame and panel , a method of woodworking Locomotive frame , section on engine frames Door frame or window frame , structures fixed to buildings, vehicles or other containers to which the hinge s of doors or windows are attached and can be locked shut Frame loudspeaker or basket, a structural component which supports the functional components of a loudspeaker Frame, Receiver firearms , one of the basic parts of a modern firearm General Frame beehive , a structural element that holds honeycomb Bed frame Picture frame , a solid border around a picture or painting Glasses Eyeglass frame Spinning frame Water frameFrame dance , a connection between lead and follow in partner dancing climbing frame , a children s attraction in parks Framing social sciences , terminology used in communication ... , to make an innocent party appear guilty of someone else s crime Frame tale , a narrative technique, for telling stories within a story Glossary of cue sports terms Frame , for definition of terms frames in games bowling and snooker Frame magazine , design magazine from the Netherlands Science FRAME S , therapeutic model focused on certain problems of youth Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments FRAME Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments Frameshift ... more details
disambig The abbreviation FRAME might stand for French Regional & American Museums Exchange Fund for the Replacement of Animals in Medical Experiments ... more details
Infobox software name Frame IT logo File Frameit icon.gif screenshot File Frameit screenshot.png 200px caption The Easy to use HTML generator. collapsible author Bruce Hearder ref name japauthor developer GME Systems Pty Ltd. released Start date 1996 unsure discontinued yes latest release version 1.23 latest release date Start date and age 1997 10 10 latest preview version latest preview date Start date and age YYYY MM DD frequently updated no programming language operating system Windows 3.1 Windows 3.11 3.11 Windows 95 95 platform Windows size 42Kb 16 bit br 34Kb 32 bit language English status Unmaintained Abandoned genre HTML editor license Freeware website http web.archive.org web 19990117062633 http www.iinet.net.au bwh frame it.html www.iinet.net.au bwh frame it.html Archive.org Frame IT also known as Frame it was an application for developing Framing World Wide Web html frames released in 1996 by GME Systems . ref name japauthor cite web url http www2.kyu dent.ac.jp tools mkhome2 ... main It featured a user interface in which you could control frame size, the number of frames, frame location, and frame appearance without knowledge of html. It allowed completed frames to be copied to clipboard, to be saved, or to be previewed in a browser. Frame it was listed in PC Computing magazine ... 6 ref Frame IT is no longer available at its original website, though it can still be downloaded from mirrors. ref group a Its original site at http www.iinet.net.au bwh frame it.html is no longer ... www.iinet.net.au bwh frame it.html title Frame It v1.23 year 1999 accessdate 16 April 2010 ref ref group a In the Frame it documentation for the Windows 95 version, it lists the registering price ... Frame It had the following releases 1.21 1.23 See also FrameGang Annotations Reflist group a References Reflist External links http www.sfr fresh.com windows www old fit12332.zip Frame It V 1.23 Windows ... HTML.html Frame It V 1.23 and 1.21 HTML editors DEFAULTSORT Frame It Category 1996 software ... more details
unreferenced date August 2010 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name FrAme Type studio Artist DGM band DGM Released 2009 Genre Progressive Metal Last album Different Shapes br 2007 This album FrAme br 2009 FrAme is the seventh album by DGM band DGM Track listing Hereafter 4 43 Enhancement 4 21 Not in Need 4 21 No Looking Back 5 25 Trapped... 2 01 ...In a Movie 4 02 Away 5 18 Heartache 5 28 Rest in Peace 3 46 Brand New Blood 5 05 Fading & Falling 4 36 Personnel Mark Basile Vocals Simone Mularoni Guitars Emanuele Casali Keyboards Fabio Costantino Drums Andrea Arcangeli Bass Category 2009 albums ... more details
Refimprove date March 2008 Notability date March 2008 FRAME S ref Dalademokraten. http www.dalademokraten.se ArticlePages 200502 14 20050214101638 dd140 20050214101638 dd140.dbp.asp Hj lp f r unga att hantera inre stress , accessed on December 3, 2006 ref is a psychological therapeutic model developed by Staffan Garpebring . The model is built around a psychoeducational practice focused on treating common Stress medicine stress related problems youth experience in their daily life. FRAME S have roots in a mix of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy , Gestalt therapy and Systemic Therapy . Theory The model points out the circular reciprocal connections between perceptions listening, looking, perceptions of the body etc , physiological reactions of the body, acting, thinking, feeling and self perceptions, such as when you think certain thoughts you become sad and vice versa when you are sad you think certain thoughts. FRAMES is an abbreviation where each letter stands for a certain aspect of the psych . To sum it up Our experiences can be described in the following components F Focus formation in attention towards various outer phenomena and inner, physiological states selective perception R Reactions in the body physiology hormones etc A Actions behaviour, attitude M Mental conceptions mental action E Emotions and S Self awareness. Accordingly, we can denote every experience as a FRAME. FRAMES gradually give rise to self awareness. Dialectic FRAMES Therapy a mix of Gestalt Therapy, Cognitive Behaviour Therapy and Systemic Family Therapy, is based on the formula O FRAMES EO. O stands for Outer situation including other people s FRAMES. EO stands for effects of FRAMES in the outer situation. A person s behaviour and attitude mutually interact with that person s circumstantial conditions ... Perception of Life by Staffan Garpebring Further reading Staffan Garpebring, FRAME S en psykologisk ... 978 91 86193 41 6 div class references small references div DEFAULTSORT Frame S Category Psychosocial ... more details
Frame By Frame may refer to Frame by Frame , a song by King Crimson from their 1981 album Discipline album Discipline Frame by Frame The Essential King Crimson , a compilation 4CD set by the band King Crimson, released in 1991 disambig ... more details
Song infobox Name Frame by Frame Cover Artist King Crimson Album Discipline King Crimson album Discipline Released September 1981 track no 2 Recorded 1981 Genre Progressive rock Length 5 09 Writer Adrian Belew Composer Adrian Belew, Bill Bruford , Robert Fripp , Tony Levin Label Warner Bros. Producer King Crimson, Rhett Davies prev Elephant Talk song Elephant Talk prev no 1 next Matte Kudasai next no 3 Frame by Frame is a song performed by the progressive rock band King Crimson . The song appears on the 1981 album Discipline King Crimson album Discipline as the second track. It is 5 09 in length. The time signature in the chorus is 7 4 and the guitar drum rhythms can also be considered polyrhythmic to each other. At 4 21 Belew and Fripp are playing in 7 8 until one guitar plays in 6 8 starting at 4 31. The guitars line after 42 beats. ref http www.ultimate guitar.com columns music theory polyrhythm polymeter and the hemiola.html ref This song is well known for the very fast riff 32nd notes at 155 BPM that Robert Fripp plays at the beginning and after each chorus. References Reflist King Crimson Category 1981 songs Category King Crimson songs 1980s rock song stub ... more details
pp semi vandalism small yes File Steel wire rope.JPG thumb right The Wire rope steel cable of a coal mining colliery headframe winding tower Other uses Steels Steel is an alloy that consists mostly of iron and has a carbon content between 0.2 and 2.1 by weight, depending on the steel grade grade . Carbon ... past one another. Varying the amount of alloying elements and the form of their presence in the steel ... , ductility , and tensile strength of the resulting steel. Steel with increased carbon content can be made harder and stronger than iron, but such steel is also less ductile than iron. Alloys with a higher ... . ref name EM2 Steel is also distinguishable from wrought iron , which can contain a small ... factors are steel s increased rust resistance and better weldability . Though steel had been ... process in the mid 19th century, steel became an inexpensive mass production mass produced material ... of production while increasing the quality of the metal. Today, steel is one of the most common materials ..., infrastructure, tools, ships, automobile s, machines, appliances, and weapons. Modern steel ... File Steel pd.svg thumb left 420px Iron carbon phase diagram , showing the conditions necessary ... in an alloy pig iron containing too much carbon to be called steel. ref cite encyclopedia title Smelting ... to the iron carbon mixture to produce steel with desired properties. Nickel and manganese in steel ... fatigue . To prevent corrosion, at least 11 chromium is added to steel so that a hard passivation oxide forms on the metal surface this is known as stainless steel . Tungsten interferes with the formation of cementite, allowing martensite to form with slower quench rates, resulting in high speed steel . On the other hand, sulfur, nitrogen , and phosphorus make steel more brittle, so these commonly ... E Alloying Steels.htm accessdate 2007 02 28 ref The density of steel varies based on the alloying ... 7.75 and 8.05 g cm3 oz cuin abbr on . ref cite web last Elert first Glenn title Density of Steel ... more details
A locomotive frame is the structure that forms the backbone of the railway locomotive , giving it strength and supporting the superstructure elements such as a cab, locomotive boiler boiler or bodywork. The vast majority of locomotives have had a frame structure of some kind. The frame may in turn be supported by axles directly attached to it, or it may be mounted on bogies British English UK trucks American English US , or a combination of the two. The bogies in turn will have frames of their own. File Frames in position, Pacific construction at Doncaster works CJ Allen, Steel Highway, 1928 .jpg thumb Locomotive frame of a LNER Gresley Classes A1 and A3 LNER Gresley pacific locomotive during construction Types of frame image Dukedog.jpg thumb left Preserved GWR 9017 showing outside frames Three main types of frame on steam locomotives may be distinguished ref Ransome Wallis Encyclopedia , p 255. ref Plate frames These used steel plates about 1 2 thick. They were mainly used in Britain and continental Europe. On most locomotives the frames would be situated within the driving wheels, but some classes of early steam locomotive and diesel switcher shunters were constructed with outside frames . Some early designs were Double framed where the frame conisted of both plates both inside and outside the driving wheels. Others were sandwich frames where the frame was constructed of wood sandwiched between two metal plates. Bar frames These were made of two steel bars which are usually 4 7 thick. They were first used on the Bury Bar Frame locomotive during the 1830s, and were widely used in the USA throughout the nineteenth century. Cast steel beds Locomotive bed Cast steel bed s were ... have a separate frame beneath the superstructure, or the bodywork s internal structure may be load ... nowadays are overwhelmingly hood unit s&mdash with a strong frame beneath the superstructure that carries ... Category Locomotive parts Frame, Locomotive Loco stub ... more details
stack File Bicycle Frame Lemond zurich retouched.jpg thumb right Steelframe of 2000 LeMond Zurich road ... frame has been Steelsteel . Steel frames can be very inexpensive carbon steel to highly specialised ... is the weight&mdash the lighter the frame, the higher the cost. Steel File 2002 Trek 800 Sport.JPG ... materials.html www.sheldonbrown.com frame materials.html main Lugged steelframe construction A classic ... appearance than a welded frame. Among steel frames, using butted tubing reduces weight and increases ... of the frame. A high quality steelframe is lighter than a regular steelframe. This lightness ... has been lost, a high quality chromoly or manganese steelframe can be recognized by tapping it sharply ... quality steelframe will produce a dull thunk. They can also be recognized by their weight around ... frame does not have the same feel to an experienced cyclist as a steelframe, excessive ... in a frame that is significantly stiffer than steel. While many riders claim that steel frames ... aluminum frame may be heavier than an expensive steelframe. Butted aluminum tubes&mdash ... to a traditional steelframe, although larger diameter tubing is becoming more common for more stiffness ... Fibre, Aluminum or Steel Which frame material is best for you? accessdate 2007 03 13 ref ref name ... A Triumph Cycle Co. Ltd. Triumph step through frame . File Dursley Pedersen ca 1910 bicycle.jpg thumb ... Plymouth England, with a predecessor of the Starley diamond frame. File Trek Y Foil.jpg thumb ... by RalfR 07.jpg thumb right An odd ball frame photographed in Germany A bicycle frame is the main ... are fitted. The modern and most common frame design for an upright bicycle is based on the safety ... as the diamond frame . TOClimit Variations Besides the ubiquitous diamond frame, many different frame types have been developed for the bicycle, several of which are still in common use today. Diamond In the diamond frame, the main triangle is not actually a triangle because it consists of four ... more details
books?id Ydk0bgq2 3YC&pg PA119 accessdate 2011 02 26 ref Frame materials Steel File Triton Norton Triumph motorcycle with polished frame and tank.jpg thumb Norton Motorcycle Company Norton Featherbed frame in a Triton motorcycle Triton . Examples Norton Motorcycle Company Norton Featherbed frame ... 1944 Piaggio Vespa Piaggio MP5 Honda NR500 File S2R1000 101 v2 1024 web.jpg thumb right Steel trellis frame red on a Ducati Monster Ducati Monster 1000 . The engine is a stressed member. Trellis Similar to the beam frame, connecting the steering head and swingarm pivot point directly as possible. The frame is made up of a large number of short steel or aluminium tubes welded together to form a Lattice ...A motorcycle frame includes the head tube that holds the Motorcycle fork front fork and allows it to pivot ... suspension is an integral component in the design. Traditionally frames have been steel , but titanium ... , stiffness, power output and speed, there is no single ideal frame design. ref name Cocco2004 Citation ... Examples MV Agusta F4 series F4 750 Serie Oro MV Agusta F4 750 Serie Oro Frame Types Pressed frame The frame ... engine is held in a single cradle with a single spine. Half duplex cradle frame The motorcycle ... Suzuki TS50ER Full duplex cradle frame The motorcycle engine is held in a full by two separate cradles ... Double cradle frame on Honda CB750 Double cradle or perimeter frame Two cradles follow the perimeter Examples Early Suzuki GSX R750 , Suzuki GSX R1100 Suzuki RG250 Spine or backbone frame The motorcycle ... align horizontal image1 2011 Kawasaki ZX10 R below airbox.jpg width1 121 caption1 Frame of a 2011 Kawasaki ZX 10R . image2 Buell Lightning XB9SX CityX.jpg width2 230 caption2 Aluminum beam frame on Buell ... Yamaha FZR600 Monocoque main Monocoque Supports structural load using the external skin of the frame ... to frame stiffness, and absorbing rather than dissipating vibration can lead to stress damage to the frame ... to the frame, vibrations pass to and are dissipated via the whole frame, and the rider. Rigid mounting ... more details
tensile manganese molybdenum steel alloy which was used as it allowed the frame tubes to be made ... was relaunched with a new version of the Featherbed frame made from grade A mild steel. ref ... frame to rationalise production. Using grade A mild steel, the size of this engine determined ...Image Norton 500 Manx 1961.jpg thumb 1951 Norton Manx with Featherbed frame The featherbed frame was a motorcycle frame developed by the Great Britain British Norton motorcycle company to improve the performance ... the art and science by Tony Foale. 2006 ref and the best handling frame that a racer could have. ref ... The Featherbed was replaced with the Norton Norton Isolastic frame Isolastic frame for the Norton ... Norton Motorcycle Company Norton a new frame to support their successful 500cc single. Rex McCandless ... Tiger 100 . He had made several improvements to the Triumph, notably an innovative new frame ... title Rex McCandless and the Featherbed Frame last d Orleans first Paul accessdate 2009 01 03 ref Birmingham ... or Garden Gate frame, as several had broken through the stress of racing. Norton engineer Joe Craig ... Vintagent Norton commissioned the McCandless brothers to design a complete frame, incorporating a swinging ... Cycle Technology Reynolds steel and was a welded twin loop with a swinging arm fitted with his ... motorcycle with the new frame was on the test track and it was tested on the Isle of Man in the winter ... Featherbed frame last Myatt first Steven accessdate 2009 01 03 ref The patent Norton applied for a patent ... was not published until January 9, 1952. The Featherbed frame was simply constructed. ref ... frame for a motorcycle which comprises two substantially parallel rectangular loops each formed .... The assembled frame is extremely strong for its weight and designed to provide the maximum resistance to any stresses applied to the frame by road shocks or by the driving torque of the power ... 5 November 2006 ref After testing the new Norton frame in 1950 he declared that it was like ... more details
File Epstein frame.jpg thumb right Epstein frame Epstein frame or Epstein square standardised measurement device for measuring the magnetic properties of soft magnetic materials, especially used for testing of electrical steel s. In Europe the measurement configuration and conditions are defined by a standard IEC 60404 2 1996 Magnetic materials Part 2 Methods of measurement of the magnetic properties of electrical steel sheet and strip by means of an Epstein frame. ref http webstore.iec.ch webstore webstore.nsf mysearchajax?Openform&key 60404 2&sorting &start 1&onglet 1 IEC 60404 2 ref . BS EN 60404 2 1998 A1 ref http shop.bsigroup.com en SearchResults ?q 60404 2 26&no 0&d &c 10&f &t d BS EN 60404 2 1998 A1 ref contains an updated version of IEC 60404 2. Epstein frame comprises a primary winding primary and a secondary winding . The sample under test should be prepared as a set of a number of strips always multiplicity of 4 cut from electrical steel sheet or ribbon. Each layer of the sample is double lapped in corners and weighed down with a force of 1 N see photo . The power losses are measured by means of a wattmeter method in which the primary current and secondary voltage are used. During the measurement the Epstein frame behaves as an unloaded transformer . Power loss, P sub c sub , is calculated as math P c frac N 1 N 2 cdot P m frac left 1,111 cdot bar U 2 right 2 R i math where math N 1 math number of turns of primary winding br math N 2 math number of turns of secondary winding br math P m math reading of the wattmeter in watt s br math R i math total resistance of the secondary winding in ohm s br math bar U 2 math average secondary voltage in volt s Specific power loss, P sub s sub , are calculated as math P s frac P c cdot 4 cdot l m cdot l m math where math l math length of the sample in metres br math l m math average magnetic path length 0.94 constant value ... oriented electrical steel and up to 1.7 T for grain oriented electrical steel . See also Soken ... more details
2011 frame A frame is the main structure of the chassis of a motor vehicle. All other components fasten to it a term for this is design is body on frame construction. In 1920, every motor vehicle other than a few cars based on motorcycles had a frame. Since then, nearly all cars have shifted to unit ... main designs for frame rails. Their cross sections include C shaped Boxed Hat C shape By far the most ... by taking a flat piece of steel usually ranging in thickness from 1 8 to 3 16 and rolling both sides ..., use a process similar to making c rails in that a piece of steel is bent into four sides and then welded ... . Image 1956truckframe.jpg 225px right thumb Chevrolet Task Force 1956 Chevrolet 1 2 ton frame. Notice ... be found on 1936 1954 Chevrolet cars and some Studebaker s. Abandoned for a while, the hat frame gained ... a boxed frame. Design Features While appearing at first glance as a simple hunk of metal, frames ... , or the height of the vertical side of a frame. The taller the frame, the better it is able to resist vertical flex when force is applied to the top of the frame. This is the reason truck semi trucks have taller frame rails than other vehicles instead of just being thicker. Another factor considered when engineering a frame is torsional resistance, or the ability to resist twisting. This, and diamonding ... is frames that use more than one shape in the same frame rail. For example, the Toyota Tundra Second generation 2007 present new Toyota Tundra uses a boxed frame in front of the cab, shorter, narrower rails underneath the cab for ride quality, and regular c rails under the bed. Types Ladder Frame So named for its resemblance to a ladder, the ladder frame is the simplest and oldest of all designs. It consists ... seen on almost all vehicles, the ladder frame was gradually phased out on cars around the 1940s in favor ... pan sitting above the frame instead of inside it. Backbone tube main Backbone chassis Backbone chassis is a type of an automobile construction chassis that is similar to the body on frame design ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 merge Jordan and Einstein frames date May 2009 In string theory , there are two different definitions of the metric tensor , both related by a Weyl rescaling given by the dilaton . One metric gives the Einstein frame and the other gives the string frame . particle stub Category String theory ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Portal frame construction is a method of building and designing simple structures, primarily using steel or steel reinforced precast concrete although they can also be constructed using laminated timber such as Glued laminated timber glulam . The connections between the column s and the rafter s are designed to be Moment physics moment resistant, i.e. they can carry bending forces. Because of these very strong and rigid joints some of the bending moment in the rafters is transferred to the columns. This means that the size of the rafters can be reduced or the span can be increased for the same size rafters. This makes portal frames a very efficient construction technique to use for wide span buildings. Portal frame construction is therefore typically seen in warehouse s, barn s and other places where large, open spaces are required at low cost and a pitched roof is acceptable. Generally portal frames are used for single story buildings but they can be used for low rise buildings with several floors where they can be economic if the floors do not span right across the building in these circumstances a skeleton frame, with internal columns, would be a more economic choice . A typical configuration might be where there is office space built against one wall of a warehouse. Portal frames can be clad with all sorts of material but the most popular solution, for reasons of economy and speed, is some form of lightweight insulated metal cladding with cavity masonry work to the bottom 2m of the wall to provide security and impact resistance. The lightweight cladding would be carried on sheeting rails spanning between the columns of the portal frames. DEFAULTSORT Portal Frame Category Structural system Civil engineering stub ... more details
bus manufacturers and large cars using frame vehicle conventional frames . The switch continued for several decades even small SUV s typically use this construction method today. Body on frame ... chassis made from pressed sheet steel panels forming a platform chassis , to give the benefits ... because it is the last American luxury car made with body on frame, and therefore easily lengthened ... doc.asp?CID 1080&DID 6585 ref See also Frame vehicle Body Frame Integral Coachwork Monocoque Automobiles ... links http www.findarticles.com p articles mi m0KJI is 2 115 ai 97872909 Article about body on frame ... Body on frame and unibody in SUVs http www.oldchesterpa.com ford assembly pics.htm Ford assembly line featuring body on frame car historic CarDesign nav DEFAULTSORT Body On Frame Category Automotive ... more details
Reference frame may refer to Frame of reference , in physics Reference frame video , frames of a compressed video that are used to define future frames disambig ... more details
In video compression algorithms a residual frame is formed by subtracting the reference frame video reference frame from the desired Video frameframe . This difference is known as the error or residual Video frame Video frameframe . The residual frame normally has less information entropy , due to nearby video frames having similarities, and therefore requires fewer bit s to compress. An encoder will use various algorithms such as motion compensation motion estimation to construct a frame that describes the differences. This allows a decoder to use the reference frame plus the differences to construct the desired frame. See also Motion compensation Category Video compression ... more details
steel tubing and solid bar stock for strength and durability. Fact date March 2011 Iron beds are available ... Almost all iron beds now have a beech wood sprung slatted base in a steel framework which gives excellent ... more details
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