Spreadingactivation is a method for searching associative network s, neural network s, or semantic network ... network with weights or activation and then iteratively propagating or spreading that activation ... as activation propagates through the network. When the weights are discrete this process is often referred to as marker passing. Activation may originate from alternate paths, identified by distinct markers, and terminate when two alternate paths reach the same node. Spreadingactivation models are used in cognitive psychology ref name collins Collins, Allan M. Loftus, Elizabeth F., A spreadingactivation .... http act r.psy.cmu.edu publications pubinfo.php?id 66 A spreadingactivation theory of memory. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior , 1983 ref to model the fan out effect . Spreadingactivation can also be applied in information retrieval , ref name preece S. Preece, A spreadingactivation .... ref ref name crestani Fabio Crestani. Application of SpreadingActivation Techniques in Information ... Boosting item keyword search with spreadingactivation Aswath, D. Ahmed, S.T. Dapos cunha, J. Davulcu ... on the next spreadingactivation cycle. If activation originates from more than one node, a variation ... is exceeded. See also Connectionism Examples Image Spreadingactivation graph 1.png thumb center 400px In this example, spreadingactivation originated at node 1 which has an initial activation ... cycles of spreadingactivation have occurred. Color hue and saturation indicate different activation ... of marker passing algorithms based on spreadingactivation theory. http texai.org Texai An open source project to create artificial intelligence that provides a Java spreadingactivation class library. DEFAULTSORT SpreadingActivation Category Semantics Category Psycholinguistics Category Memory ... 1...N each having an associated activation value A i which is a real number in the range 0.0 ... 1.0 ... setting all activation values A i to zero. Set one or more origin nodes to an initial activation ... more details
about a requirement for a chemical reaction a step in a software installation process Product activation the calling of a subroutine Subroutine Activation in bio chemical science s generally refers to the Process science process whereby something is prepared or excited for a subsequent reaction . Chemistry In chemistry , activation of molecule s is where the molecules enter a state that avails for a chemical reaction to occur. The phrase activation energy energy of activation ref http chemed.chem.purdue.edu genchem topicreview bp ch22 activate.html The Activation Energy of Chemical Reactions Bot generated title ref refers to the Energy chemistry energy the reactant s must acquire before they can successfully react with each other to produce the Product chemistry products , that is, to reach the transition state . The energy needed for activation can be quite small and the molecules may have enough energy just from thermal fluctuations the molecules naturally have i.e. lots of reactions ... kinetics . Biology Biochemistry In biochemistry , activation, specifically called bioactivation ... active. Immunology Main Immunologic activation In immunology , activation is the transition of leucocytes ... in the reverse direction. This balance is tightly regulated, since a too small degree of activation causes susceptibility to infections, while, on the other hand, a too large degree of activation causes autoimmune diseases . Activation and deactivation results from a variety of factors, including ... , adhesion molecules , bacterial products and viral products. Physics Similarly, neutron activation ... and energy of the emitted particles. Prompt gamma neutron activation analysis Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis PGAA is a rapid, nondestructive, instrumental, nuclear technique which is used for trace and major component analysis of various elements. Electrophysiology Activation refers to the opening ... SIA Category Chemical kinetics da Aktivering de Aktivierung fr Activation ja uk ... more details
unreferenced date February 2009 Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Spreading the Disease Type Studio album Artist Anthrax band Anthrax Cover Spreading The Disease.jpg Released October 30, 1985 Recorded 1985 Genre Thrash metal , speed metal Length 43 40 Label Megaforce Records Megaforce , Island Records Island Producer Carl Canedy , Anthrax Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r761 pure url yes link Kerrang Rating 4.5 5 November 1985 Sputnikmusic Rating 4 5 http www.sputnikmusic.com review 9707 Anthrax Spreading the Disease link Last album Fistful of Metal br 1984 This album Spreading the Disease br 1985 Next album Among the Living br 1987 Spreading the Disease is the second studio album by the American Heavy metal music heavy metal band Anthrax band Anthrax . It was released on October 30, 1985 through Megaforce Records Megaforce Worldwide Island Records . It was the band s first album to feature vocalist Joey Belladonna and bassist Frank Bello . The album s title is a play on words anthrax is also the name of a deadly disease. Album information The band produced the album with Carl Canedy, Jon Zazula serving as executive producer. The album includes the single Madhouse song Madhouse . A music video was produced for Madhouse song Madhouse as well, but didn t receive much airplay because it was banned by MTV , who believed the content to be degrading to the mentally ill. This was the last Anthrax album to feature songwriting from ex vocalist Neil Turbin , who is given songwriting credit on the songs Armed and Dangerous and Gung Ho . Songwriting ... drums References reflist Anthrax DEFAULTSORT Spreading The Disease Category Anthrax albums Category ... albums ca Spreading the Disease de Spreading the Disease es Spreading the Disease fr Spreading the Disease it Spreading the Disease pl Spreading the Disease pt Spreading the Disease ro Spreading the Disease ru Spreading the Disease fi Spreading the Disease sv Spreading the Disease ... more details
Effluent spreading is a process in which a slurry of effluent from a dairy farm s Dairy Farming Milking parlors milking parlor is pumped and spread on pasture. Commonly a Irrigation Sprinkler rotating sprinkler is used. Dairy manure contains ammonium NH4 N. In New Zealand the application of effluent is a permitted activity, although spreading in excess is an environmental hazard. agri stub Category Organic fertilizers ... more details
orphan date August 2009 In linguistics , determiner spreading DS is the appearance of more than one determiner associated with a noun phrase , usually marking an adjective as well as the noun itself. ref name Marinis cite book last Marinis first Theodoros title The acquisition of the DP in modern Greek url http books.google.com books?id eiBBt1tXgYC&pg PA165&dq 22determiner spreading 22 PPA165,M1 accessdate 2009 05 05 year 2003 publisher John Benjamins Publishing Company isbn 9027225001 pages 165 190 chapter The acquisition of Determiner Spreading 6 ref The extra determiner has been called an adjectival determiner . ref name Rivero cite book last Rivero first Mar a Luisa coauthors Angela Ralli title Comparative syntax of Balkan languages url http books.google.com books?id 4scXTHHkMckC&pg PA189&dq 22determiner spreading 22 PPA165,M1 accessdate 2009 05 05 year 2001 publisher Oxford University Press isbn 0195129520 pages 165 166, 191 192 ref Typical examples involve multiple occurrences of the definite article or definiteness marking, such as is found in Modern Greek 1 class wikitable border 1 Agorasa to kokkino to forema. I.bought the red the dress Determiner spreading in Greek is not obligatory, and it contrasts with a non spreading example 2 class wikitable border 1 Agorasa to kokkino forema. I.bought the red dress Considerable work has tried to elucidate the nature of the difference both syntax syntactically and semantics semantically between these two kinds of structures. One widely accepted conclusion is that the determiner spreading structure requires a kind of focus, usually contrastive, on the adjective so that 1 is appropriate as where I bought the RED dress , not the BLUE one would be and that the adjective in question must be intersective so no determiner spreading ... grammi. They.went to.the Cyprus and they.crossed the red the line When determiner spreading involves the definite article , such noun phrases are sometimes called polydefinites . Determiner spreading ... more details
first1 Walter M. title Sea Floor Spreading as Thermal Convection journal Journal of Geophysical Research volume 76 pages 1101 year 1971 doi 10.1029 JB076i005p01101 ref Incipient spreading Image Plates ... case, sea floor spreading starts as a rift geology rift in a Continental plate continental ... is forced upward toward the surface at a mid ocean ridge. Early spreading If spreading continues past .... Sea floor spreading can stop during the process, but if it continues to the point that the continent ... in the failed rift arm of the triple junction. Continued spreading and subduction Image Ridge render.jpg thumb 300px right Spreading at a mid ocean ridge The new oceanic crust is quite hot relative ... basin is actively spreading at the Mid Atlantic Ridge. Only a small portion of the oceanic crust produced ... s most active spreading centres the East Pacific Rise EPR with spreading rates of up to 13 cm yr. The Mid Atlantic Ridge is a wiktionary textbook textbook slow spreading centre while the EPR is used as an example of fast spreading. The differences in spreading rates affect not only the geometries ... decreases during times of active sea floor spreading. During the opening of the Atlantic Ocean, sea ... been shown that the motion of the continents is linked to seafloor spreading. In the 1960s, the past ... Ridge and the East Pacific Rise . The driver for seafloor spreading in plates with active margin ... Seafloor Spreading Category Geological processes Category Plate tectonics bn ... ja no Havbunnsspredning nn Havbotnspreiing pl Spreading ru simple Seafloor spreading ... more details
Spreading Death was released on both DVD single and CD single. Infobox album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Spreading Death Type video Artist Norther Cover Norther Spreading Death.jpg Cover size Released September 1, 2004 Recorded August September 2003 at Astia Studio A Genre Melodic death metal Length 44 46 Label Spinefarm Records Spinefarm Director Producer Anssi Kippo br Black Lion Reviews Chronology Last album This album Next album Misc Extra chronology Artist Norther single Type Single Last single Unleash Hell song Unleash Hell br 2003 This single Spreading Death br 2004 Next single Scream Norther song Scream br 2006 Extra chronology Artist Norther album Type Studio Album Last album Mirror of Madness br 2003 This album Death Unlimited br 2004 Next album Solution 7 br 2005 Spreading Death is a DVD single by the Finland Finnish melodic death metal band Norther , released on September 1, 2004 by Spinefarm Records . It features the TV and raw footage versions of the Music video video for Death Unlimited produced by Yk Yksin inen and Mika Limppu Lindberg, two live tracks Betrayed and Cry directed and edited by Miika J. Norvanto. It also features the making of the video for Death Unlimited , behind the scenes footage and even a karaoke track Unleash Hell that is meant for your own scream along to the song. DVD contents Death Unlimited Video TV Version, raw uncut Produced ... by Riku Isohella External links Spreading Death DVD Single http www.endlesswar.net index.php?p spreading death dvd single Norther Official Fansite Spreading Death CD single Infobox single See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Spreading Death Cover Norther Spreading Death.jpg Type Single music ... Spreading Death br 2004 Next single Scream Norther song Scream br 2006 Extra chronology Artist ... br 2004 Next album Solution 7 br 2005 Spreading Death was also released as a CD single on February 16 ... External links Spreading Death CD Single http www.endlesswar.net index.php?p spreading death ... more details
Spreading the News is a short one act comic play by Lady Gregory , which she wrote for the opening night of the Abbey Theatre in Dublin, 27 Dec. 1904. It was on a double bill with William Butler Yeats s Cathleen Ni Houlihan. Audiences may have dozed through Yeats s play ref Elizabeth Coxhead, Lady Gregory A Literary Portrait NY Harcourt, Brace, and World, 1961 , p. 79 ref , but Spreading the News was very successful and it is still acted at the Abbey Theatre as late as 1961. ref Coxhead, p. 80 ref Lady Gregory remarked after seeing an early performance of the play that the audience would laugh so much at Spreading the News that they lost about half the dialogue. I mustn t be so amusing again ref quoted in Kohfeldt, Mary Lou, Lady Gregory The Woman Behind the Irish Renaissance NY Athenuem, 1985 , p. 176 ref Plot summary In a small village in rural Ireland, a new English magistrate inspects stalls at the local fair, expecting the worst. Because of Mrs. Tarpey s hearing impairment and the villagers love of gossip, a misunderstanding grows and grows, leading to a false arrest for a murder that never happened. The play ends abruptly, with little resolution we are left wondering what happened. Most of the humour is situational, rather than playing with language. Because we know what really happened at the beginning, most of the play uses Irony dramatic irony . Main characters The majority of the characters are flat and undefined. Many of them are stock character s, whose behavior is stereotypical and whose presence merely advances the plot. Bartley Fallon a habitual pessimist, convinced that bad things will always happen to him. Mrs. Fallon a bit belligerent, but supportive of her husband until there is a suggestion that he has been unfaithful. Jack Smith the supposed victim, owns ... Spreading the News is a comedy that exploits both English and Irish stereotypes. Lady Gregory was a member ... sides in the play. Spreading the News may have been written to help the Irish and the English understand ... more details
flint provide the activation energy to initiate combustion in this Bunsen burner . The blue flame ... is now energetically favorable. In chemistry , activation energy is a term introduced in 1889 by the Swedish ... reaction to occur. Activation energy may also be defined as the minimum energy required to start a chemical reaction. The activation energy of a reaction is usually denoted by E sub a sub , and given in units of joule per mole kilojoules per mole . Activation energy can be thought of as the height ... than the activation energy. At a more advanced level, the Arrhenius Activation energy term from ... of the reaction rate to temperature. There are two objections to associating this activation ... reaction rates. Negative activation energy In some cases rates of reaction em decrease em with increasing ... reactions exhibiting these negative activation energies are typically barrierless reactions ... equation The Arrhenius equation gives the quantitative basis of the relationship between the activation energy and the rate at which a reaction proceeds. From the Arrhenius equation, the activation ... suggests that the activation energy is dependent on temperature, in regimes in which the Arrhenius equation ... . Catalysis Main Catalysis Image Activation energy.svg right thumb 360px The relationship between activation energy math E a math and enthalpy of formation H with and without a catalyst, plotted ... to lower the activation energy is termed a catalyst a biology biological catalyst is termed an enzyme ..., while the catalyst lowers the activation energy, it does not change the energies of the original ... and only the activation energy is altered lowered . See also Arrhenius equation Chemical kinetics Quantum tunnelling External links http www.iupac.org goldbook A00102.pdf Activation energy from ... concepts chapter14 ch14 5.htm Chapter 14 Activation energy http chemed.chem.purdue.edu genchem topicreview bp ch22 activate.html The Activation Energy of Chemical Reactions Category Chemical kinetics ... more details
Activation key may refer to Product activation Product key Volume license key Key changer software Dab Short pages monitor This long comment was added to the page to prevent it being listed on Special Shortpages. It and the accompanying monitoring template were generated via Template Longcomment. Please do not remove the monitor template without removing the comment as well. ... more details
In immunology , activation is the transition of leucocytes and other cell types involved in the immune system . On the other hand, deactivation is the transition in the reverse direction. This balance is tightly regulated, since a too small degree of activation causes susceptibility to infection s, while, on the other hand, a too large degree of activation causes autoimmune diseases . Factors Activation and deactivation results from a variety of factors, including cytokines , soluble receptor s, arachidonic acid metabolites, steroids , receptor antagonists , adhesion molecules , bacterial products and viral products. class wikitable Overview of activating and deactivating factors. Activation Deactivation Cytokines IFN GM CSF M CSF Interleukin 6 IL 6 TNF Macrophage migration inhibitory factor MIF CCL2 Interleukin 4 IL 4 Interleukin 10 IL 10 Interleukin 13 IL 13 TGF Soluble receptor s sIL 1R sIL 6R sTNFR sCD14 Arachidonic acid metabolites PGE2 LTB4 Steroids Corticosteroids Receptor antagonists IL 1Ra Adhesion molecules 2 integrins Fc receptors CD14 P selectin CD45 Bacterial products lipopolysaccharide LPS fMetLeuPhe Viral products dsRNA BCRF1 Interleukin 10 IL 10 homologue T2 biochemistry T2 sTNFR homologue M T7 sINF R homologue See also Immune system Category Immunology ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 orphan date November 2009 Plasma activation or Plasma functionalization . It is done with the intent to alter or improve adhesion properties of surfaces prior to coating, painting, etc. In most cases, the surface in question is surface of a polymer material and weakly ionised oxygen plasma physics plasma is used. Surface activation is a result of following processes Removal of weak boundary layers. Plasma removes surface layers with the lowest molecular weight , at the same time it oxidation oxidises the uppermost atomic layer of the polymer. Cross linking of surface molecules. Oxygen radicals and UV radiation , if present help break up bonds and promote the three dimensional chemical bond cross bonding of molecules Generation of polar groups. Oxidation of the polymer is responsible for the increase in chemical polarity polar groups which is directly related to the adhesion properties of the polymer surface. DEFAULTSORT Plasma Activation Category Plasma processing Chem stub ru ... more details
refimprove date November 2010 Product activation is a license validation procedure required by some Proprietary software proprietary computer software programs. ref http knol.google.com k why product activation for software is becoming widespread Why software vendors are adopting product activation An overview of product activation technology and capabilities ref In one form, product activation refers to a method patented by Uniloc where a software application Hash function hashes hardware serial numbers and an ID number specific to the product s license a product key to generate a unique CD key installation ID . This installation ID is sent to the manufacturer to verify the authenticity of the product key and to ensure that the product key is not being used for multiple installations. Alternatively, the software vendor sends the user a unique product serial number. When the user installs the application it requests that the user enter their product serial number, and checks it with the vendor .... Some activation systems also support activation on user systems without Internet connections a common ... used product activation in Microsoft Office Microsoft Office 2000 with SR 1. Some copies sold in Australia ... the product via the Internet. After its success, the product activation system was extended ... example of product activation was in the MS DOS program, D Bridge Email System, a commercial network .... The software has long since had the entire activation system removed and is now freeware ... activation when moving a product from one computer to another, when replacing hardware in an existing ... Product Activation CD key Digital rights management Dongle References reflist External links http www.licenturion.com xp fully licensed wpa.txt Inside Windows Product Activation http www.vttoth.com dontactivate.asp table List of products requiring activation http agilis sw.com casestudy NumeriX.html Case study of a software vendor s use of activation DEFAULTSORT Product Activation Category Software ... more details
Neutron activation is the process in which neutron radiation induces radioactivity in materials, and occurs when atomic nucleus atomic nuclei capture free neutron s, becoming heavier and entering excited state s. The excited nucleus often decays immediately by emitting particles such as neutrons, proton s, or alpha particle s. The neutron capture , even after any intermediate decay, often results in the formation of an unstable activation product . Such radioactive nuclei can exhibit half life half lives ranging from small fractions of a second to many years. An example of this kind of a nuclear reaction occurs in the production of cobalt 60 within a nuclear reactor nuclide cobalt 59 n nuclide cobalt 60 The cobalt 60 decays by the emission of a beta particle plus gamma ray s into nickel 60. This reaction has a half life of about 5.27 years, and cobalt 60 is a valuable source of nuclear radiation for radiotherapy . In other cases, and depending on the kinetic energy of the neutron, the capture of a neutron can cause nuclear fission the splitting of the atomic nucleus into two smaller nuclei. If the fission requires an input of energy, that comes from the kinetic energy of the neutron. An example of this kind of fission in a light element can occur when the only stable isotope of beryllium ... neutron flux es, such as within the cores of nuclear reactors, neutron activation contributes to material ... materials are more subject to neutron activation than others, so a suitably chosen low activation ... activation of the bomb itself and the surrounding material, in addition to fission product s. Neutron activation also has a practical use. Neutron activation analysis is one of the most sensitive ... of art. Although the activation induces radioactivity in the object, its level is typically low and its lifetime may be short, so that its effects soon disappear. In this sense, neutron activation is a non ... reports series 156.pdf Handbook on Nuclear Activation Cross Sections, IAEA, 1974 http www.nacdl.org ... more details
Activation products are materials made radioactive by neutron activation . Fission products and actinide s produced by neutron absorption of nuclear fuel itself are normally referred to by those specific names, and activation product reserved for products of neutron capture by other materials, such as structural components of the nuclear reactor or nuclear bomb , the reactor coolant, control rods or other neutron poison s, or materials in the environment. All of these, however, need to be handled as radioactive waste . Some nuclides originate in more than one way, as activation products or fission products. Activation products in a reactor s primary coolant loop are a main reason why reactors use a chain of two or even three coolant loops linked by heat exchanger s. Fusion reactor s will not produce radioactive waste from the fusion product nuclei themselves, which are normally just helium 4 , but generate high neutron fluxes, so activation products are a particular concern. Activation product radionuclides include class wikitable sortable Nuclide See also Halflife br years Parent Tritium 12.3 Lithium 6,7 br Boron 10 Beryllium 10 1,530,000 Boron 10 Carbon 14 5,730 Nitrogen 14 br Carbon 13 Sodium 24 Fast breeder 0.0017 Sodium 23 Sulfur 35 0.24 Chlorine 35 1 branch Chlorine 36 301,000 Chlorine 35 Argon 39 269 Argon 38 Iron 55 2.73 Iron 54 Nickel 59 76,000 Nickel 58 Cobalt 60 5.27 Cobalt 59 Nickel 63 100 Nickel 62 Molybdenum 93 4,000 Molybdenum 92 Niobium 93m 16 Niobium 94 20,300 Niobium 93 Technetium 99 LLFP 211,000 Molybdenum 98 Silver 108m 418 Silver 107 Cadmium 113m 13 Cadmium 112 Tin 121m http www.nrc.gov reading rm doc collections nuregs contract cr6567 cr6567.pdf 56 Tin 120 Lead 205 Q 51KeV 15,300,000 Lead 204 Polonium 210 LBE 0.379 Bismuth 209 External links http www nds.iaea.org reports new tecdocs technical reports series 156.pdf Handbook on Nuclear Activation Cross Sections, IAEA, 1974 http www.nndc.bnl.gov databases databases.html Nuclear Structure and Decay ... more details
In computational networks, the activation function of a node defines the output of that node given an input or set of inputs. A standard computer chip circuit can be seen as a digital network of activation functions that can be ON 1 or OFF 0 , depending on input. This is similar to the behavior of the linear perceptron in neural networks . However, it is the nonlinear activation function that allows such networks to compute nontrivial problems using only a small number of nodes. Functions In biologicaly inspired neural networks, the activation function is usually an abstraction representing the rate of action potential firing in the cell. In its simplest form, this function is Binary function binary that is, either the neuron is firing or not. The function looks like math phi v i U v i math , where math U math is the Heaviside step function . In this case a large number of neurons must be used in computation beyond linear separation of categories. A line of positive slope may also be used to reflect the increase in firing rate that occurs as input current increases. The function would then be of the form math phi v i mu v i math , where math mu math is the slope. This activation function ... above can be handled by using a normalizable Sigmoid function sigmoid activation function. One realistic ... activation function in the form of a hyperbolic tangent. Two forms of this function are commonly used ... problems. Alternative structures A special class of activation functions known as radial ... , which are extremely efficient as universal function approximators. These activation functions can .... Support vector machines SVMs can effectively utilize a class of activation functions that includes ... hyperplane based on a few training inputs called support vectors math x math . The activation function ... to the activation function, but they take a unique form in the perceptron as math , phi v i tanh left ... certain conditions for convergence. These machines can also accept arbitrary order polynomial activation ... more details
Behavioral activation is a third generation behavior therapy for treating major depressive disorder depression ... underpinnings Behavioral activation emerged from a component analysis of cognitive behavioral ... and reduce punishment. The theoretical underpinnings of behavioral activation ref Jacobson, N.S., Martell, C.R., & Dimidjian, S. 2001 . Behavioral Activation for depression Returning to contextual ... to determine long term patterns which may lead to dysthymia . Methods The behavioral activation ..., J.P., Hopko, S.D., & McNeil, D.W. year 2004 title A Brief Behavioral Activation Treatment for Depression ... behavioral activation treatment were markedly superior to those of the persons in the control group ... . Behavioral Activation Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder A Pilot Investigation The Behavior ... Review of Behavioral Activation Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder. The Behavior Analyst Today , 7 4 , 508 518 http www.baojournal.com ref Research support A recent review of behavioral activation ... activation to be more effective than cognitive therapy and on a par with medication for treating ... Activation, Cognitive Therapy, and Antidepressant Medication in the Acute Treatment of Adults ... 670 pmid 16881773 doi 10.1037 0022 006X.74.4.658 issue 4 ref Recently, behavioral activation has been ..., C.W. 2006 . Behavioral Activation for Anxiety Disorders. The Behavior Analyst Today , 7 2 , 212 ... of Behavioral Activation Treatment on Fibromyalgia Related Pain Anxiety and Cognition journal International ... activation will have much to offer other areas such as post traumatic stress disorder . ref ... therapies Behavioral activation comes under the heading clinical behavior analysis or what is often ... activation owes its basis to Charles Ferster s Functional Analysis of Depression 1973 which ... behavioral activation http worldcenterba.com index.html References reflist 2 DEFAULTSORT Behavioral Activation Category Clinical psychology Category Behavioral concepts Category Applied psychology ... more details
Sorry not sure where to put talk P added refs and rewritten. dopant activation isnt always done with rapid thermal processing so think needs it own stub Dopant Activation is the process of obtaining the desired electronic contribution from dopant impurity species in a semiconductor host. ref cite book title Dopant dopant and dopant defect processes underlying activation kinetics last Mokhberi first Ali authorlink coauthors year 2003 publisher Stanford Unniversity location isbn page pages 186 url accessdate ref The term is often restricted to the application of thermal energy following the ion implantation of dopants. In the most common industrial example, rapid thermal processing is applied to silicon following the ion implantation of dopants such as phosphorus, arsenic and boron. ref cite journal last1 Pelaz first1 last2 Venezia first2 year 1999 title Activation and deactivation of implanted B in Si journal Applied Physics Letters volume 75 issue pages 662 publisher doi url http apl.aip.org resource 1 applab v75 i5 p662 s1 accessdate ref Vacancies generated at elevated temperature 1200 C facilitate the movement of these species from crystallographic defect interstitial to crystallographic defect substitutional lattice sites while amorphous solid amorphization damage from the implantation process recrystallization recrystallizes . A relatively rapid process, peak temperature is often maintained for less than one second to minimize unwanted chemical diffusion . ref http www.thinfilmmfg.com subscribers article06 junctions10Mar06.htm faster New activation anneals help dopants stay put ref References references Uncategorized date March 2011 Electronics stub ... more details
The entropy of activation is one of the two parameters typically obtained from the temperature dependence of a reaction rate, when these data are analysed using the Eyring equation . Symbolized S sup sup , the entropy of activation provides clues about the molecularity of the rate determining step in a reaction, i.e. whether the reactants are bonded to each other, or not. Positive values suggest that entropy increases upon achieving the transition state, which often indicates a Dissociative substitution dissociative mechanism . Negative values for S sup sup indicate that entropy decreases upon achieving the transition state, which often indicates an Associative substitution associative mechanism . Values near zero are difficult to interpret. ref J. H. Espenson Chemical Kinetics and Reaction Mechanism McGraw Hill, 1981, ISBN 0 070019667 2. ref References references Category Chemical kinetics ... more details
Activation syndrome is a form of sometimes suicidal or homicidal stimulation or agitation that can occur in response to some psychoactive drug s. ref http www.breggin.com recentregulatory.pbreggin.2006.pdf ref A study of paroxetine found that 21 out of 93 23 percent of youth taking Paxil reported manic like symptoms which included hostility, emotional lability and nervousness. ref citation url http www.lib.umd.edu drum handle 1903 6668 title Adolescents and Antidepressants Analyzing a Social Scientific Controversy author AD Nelson year 2007 ref Pfizer has denied that sertraline can cause such effects. ref http www.healyprozac.com AcademicStalking Post 203 20 20Pfizer 20letter 20re 20Healy.pdf ref ref http www.ahrp.org ethical HealyResponseToPfizer.pdf ref Approximately 25 to 40 perecent of patients who take tricyclic antidepressant s experience activation syndrome upon initial titration . ref http www.aafp.org afp 980515ap saeed.html ref References reflist Category Psychoactive drugs med stub ... more details
Oocyte or ovum egg activation is a series of processes that occur in the oocyte after fertilisation . Sperm entry causes calcium release into the oocyte. In mammals, this has been proposed to be caused by the introduction of phospholipase C isoform zeta PLC from the sperm cytoplasm, although this remains to be established definitively. Activation of the ovum includes the following events Cortical reaction to block against other sperm cells Activation of egg metabolism Reactivation of meiosis DNA synthesis Sperm trigger of egg activation The sperm may trigger egg activation via the interaction between a sperm protein and an egg surface receptor. It is possible that a receptor is activated by the sperm binding which activates a tyrosine kinase which then activates phospholipase C PLC . The inositol signaling system has been implicated as the pathway involved with egg activation. IP sub 3 sub and DAG are produced from the cleavage of PIP sub 2 sub by phospholipase C. However, another hypothesis is that a soluble sperm factor diffuses from the sperm into the egg cytosol upon sperm oocyte fusion. The results of this interaction could activate a signal transduction pathway that uses second messengers . A novel PLC isoform, PLC , may be the equivalent of the mammalian sperm factor. A recent paper shows that mammaliam sperm contain PLC zeta which can start the signaling cascade. ref cite journal author Saunders C, Larman M, Parrington J, Cox L, Royse J, Blayney L, Swann K, Lai F title PLC zeta a sperm specific trigger of Ca 2 oscillations in eggs and embryo development. journal Development volume 129 issue 15 pages 3533 44 year 2002 pmid 12117804 ref Fast and slow block to polyspermy See Cortical reaction Polyspermy is the condition when multiple sperm fuse with a single egg. This results in duplications of genetic material. In sea urchins, the block to polyspermy comes from .... ref name johnson Artificial oocyte activation Oocyte activation may be artificially facilitated ... more details
Summary Non free media rationale Description This is a cover to Norther s single Spreading Death and should be used possibly for Norther s article and entirely to the article of the album cover s name Source http rateyourmusic.com release single norther spreading death Portion Low resolution Article Spreading Death Purpose use for cover to Norther s single Spreading Death Replaceability generally low replacement but only if the image is of higher resolution or quality other information Licensing Non free album cover ... more details
File Neon colour spreading illusion no caption.png thumb Neon color spreading example Neon color spreading is an optical illusion in which a bright color appears to spread out over a white area from bright visual contours. ref cite journal author Paola Bressan and Ennio Mingolla and Lothar Spillmann title Neon color spreading A review journal Perception year 1997 volume 26 pages 1353 1366 url http cns web.bu.edu ennio ftp pubs Bressan et al 97.pdf ref References reflist See also Watercolor illusion color stub psych stub Category Optical illusions ... more details
Summary Information Description snow grooming machine spreading farmed snow Source camera Date Author chip chase other versions Licensing PD self date February 2009 ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
