location San Francisco pages 221 224 isbn 0 8053 7171 0 ref The spindleapparatus is vaguely ellipsoid in shape and tapers at the ends. In the wide middle portion, known as the spindle midzone, Antiparallel ... malignancy of a tumor mass. References reflist DEFAULTSORT SpindleApparatus Category Cell ...About the cellular structure other uses Spindle disambiguation File Mitotic spindle color micrograph.gif thumbnail Micrograph showing condensed chromosome s in blue and the mitotic spindle in green during prometaphase of mitosis In cell biology , the spindle fibers are the structure that separates the chromosome ... spindle during mitosis and the meiotic spindle during meiosis . Shape and components The cellular spindleapparatus includes the spindle microtubule s, associated proteins, and any centrosome s or Aster cell biology aster s present at the spindle poles. ref name Campbell cite book last Campbell first ... as spindle poles, microtubules are nucleated by the centrosome s in most animal cells. Acentrosomal or anastral spindles lack centromere or asters at the spindle poles, respectively, and occur for example ... 2 ref In fungus fungi , spindles form between spindle pole body spindle pole bodies embedded in the nuclear envelope . Most plants lack centrosomes or spindle pole bodies and instead spindle microtubules ... metaphase and are connected to the centrioles at each end of the cell. Regulation of spindle assembly Aurora A kinase aurora A is required for proper spindle assembly and separation. Citation needed date January 2008 There have been identified many proteins necessary for the mitotic spindle assembly. Lamin B is not essential protein for spindle assembly. It is only a component of the spindle matrix helping microtubule assembly, since proper mitotic spindle can be formed without it. ref cite journal ... title A mitotic lamin B matrix induced by RanGTP required for spindle assembly journal Science ... known as PLK, especially PLK1 has important roles in the spindle maintenance by regulating microtubule ... more details
wiktionary spindle Originally, a spindle was a device to spin fibres into thread see spindle textiles . The term has many senses that relate ultimately back to the idea of a Cylinder geometry cylindrical object and what tasks may be done with it usually involving rotation . Thus spindle may refer also to In technology seealso Axle Spindle automobile , a part of a car s suspension system Spindle computer , the axis of a computer disk Spindle disc packaging , a plastic case for bulk optical discs Spindle fire making , a straight wooden rod used in fire making Spindle furniture , an axially symmetric furniture part, usually with decoration Spindle stationery , a device for holding paper documents Spindle tool , is the main rotating part of a machine tool, woodworking machine, etc Segmented spindle , a spindle consisting of discrete elements that can be assembled and disassembled on the fly In biology Spindleapparatus , a cellular structure organizing and separating the chromosomes during cell division Muscle spindle , a specialized innervated muscle structure involved in the reflex action and in proprioception Spindle neuron s are a specific class of neurons that participate in signal transmission in the nervous system. Sleep spindle , an EEG waveform that occurs during sleep. The genus Euonymus also called spindles are deciduous and evergreen shrubs and small trees Other Spindle sculpture , a 40 foot sculpture made from cars in Berwyn, Illinois Spindle band , an all female alternative rock band Spindle torus , a self intersecting torus See also Spindling , a computer technique. Broken Spindles , art name of musician Joel Petersen. disambig de Spindel io Spindelo nl Spindel ru simple Spindle ... more details
Wiktionary apparatusApparatus may refer to Technical term for body of the Soviet and post Soviet governments see Apparatchik Machine Equipment Critical apparatus , the critical and primary source material that accompanies an edition of a text See also Fire apparatus Gymnastics Kipp s apparatus , an apparatus designed for preparation of small volumes of gases Golgi apparatus , an organelle found in most eukaryotic cells Apparatus theory bodies in the gears of the apparatus , insane grind punk on a roller ride to hell The Red Jumpsuit Apparatus , a post hardcore band Ideological state apparatuses, a Louis Althusser Ideological state apparatuses philosophical construct by Louis Althusser disambig ca Aparell de Apparat fr Appareil ia Apparato disambiguation it Apparato pl Aparat ru uk ... more details
During mitosis or meiosis , the spindle checkpoint prevents Mitosis Anaphase anaphase onset until all chromosome s are properly attached to the Spindleapparatusspindle . To achieve proper segregation, the two kinetochore s on the sister chromatid s must be attached to opposite spindle poles bipolar ... chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell by the spindle microtubules. The chromatids are further separated by the physical movement of the spindle poles themselves. Premature dissociation ... are properly attached, before the sister chromatids separate. Spindle Assembly Overview The spindle ... title The Mad1 Mad2 Complex as a Template for Mad2 Activation in the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint ... connected kinetochores and spindle microtubules , and is maintained until kinetochores are properly attached to the spindle. During prometaphase , CDC20 and the SAC proteins concentrate at the kinetochores before attachment to the spindle assembly. These proteins keep the SAC activated until they are removed ... kinetochore can maintain the spindle checkpoint. ref name Mad2 After attachment of microtubule plus ... attached to opposite spindle poles, forces in the mitotic spindle generate tension at the kinetochores ... attached to one spindle pole, the weak tension generated destabilizes the incorrect attachment and allows the kinetochore to reattach correctly to the spindle body. During this process, kinetochores that are attached to the mitotic spindle but that are not under tension trigger the spindle checkpoint ... kinetochore is simultaneously attached to both spindle poles. Merotelic attachments generate sufficient ... it is clear that differing regulatory behaviors arise with tension. Once activated, the spindle checkpoint ... without the addition of sperm of nuclei and nocodazole to prevent spindle assembly. The leading model ... Agami, Thijn Brummelkamp, Geert Kops, Ren H. Medema title Survivin is required for a sustained spindle ... a role for Aurora B in correcting kinetochore microtubule attachment and in maintaining the spindle ... more details
Spindle Galaxy may refer to one of two galaxies NGC 5866 in the constellation Draco constellation Draco which may also be Messier 102 M102 NGC 3115 in the constellation Sextans constellation Sextans disambig es Galaxia de Spindle tr Spindle G kadas ... more details
Infobox record label name Spindle Records image image bg parent founded 2004 founder Gina Wong Spindle band Spindle defunct distributor genre Alternative Rock country United States location url http www.spindlerecords.com www.spindlerecords.com Spindle Records is an independent record label founded by Gina Wong, member of the alternative rock , all female band , Spindle band Spindle . Current roster Col begin Spindle band Spindle Col end See also List of record labels List of independent record labels External links http www.spindlerecords.com Official website Category Record labels established in 2004 Category Alternative rock record labels Category American independent record labels Category Indie music record labels US record label stub ... more details
A Spindle , in furniture , is an rotational symmetry cylindrically symmetric shaft, usually made of wood. A spindle is usually made of a single piece of wood and typically has decoration also axially symmetric fashioned by hand or with a lathe . The spindle was common at least as early as the 17th century in Western Europe as an element of chair legs, stretcher furniture stretcher and candlestick construction. By definition, the axis of a spindle is straight hence, for example, a spindle legged chair is a straight legged design, even though cylindrical symmetry allows decoration of elaborate notches or bulbs, so long as the cylindrical symmetry is preserved. The spindle leg design is characteristic of many Victorian and earlier Nursing chairs, exposed wood armchairs and a variety of cabinets and tables. In French furniture, the spindle leg may be found on Fauteuil s, chairs, a variety of tables and other pieces. Reflist See also Gateleg table Category Furniture Furniture stub ... more details
orphan date January 2010 Infobox Company name GTI Spindle Technologies type location flagicon USA Manchester ... Spindles br Spindle Repair services revenue operating income net income assets equity owner num employees parent divisions subsid slogan homepage http www.gtispindle.com footnotes intl GTI Spindle ... spindle repair. Spindle repair Part of an important niche within the manufacturing community, Spindle repair is a critical service ensuring the effectiveness and precision of CNC milling and CNC grinding components. ref http www.thomasnet.com about spindle rebuilding repair services 76632652.html ref As spindle are typically the most frequently used part of machining systems, they require ... demand for high speed spindles which in turn has resulted in a need for high speed spindle repair ref http sciencelinks.jp j east article 200402 000020040204A0026971.php ref Products GTI Spindle ... repair spindles.html ref Major product categories include Electric Spindle Repair br Grinding Spindles br High Speed Spindles br Machine Tool Spindles br Milling Spindles br Onsite Spindle Repair br Remanufactured Spindles br Spindle Service br Spindle Upgrades GTI Spindle Technologies is a North .... ref http www.gtispindle.com makino spindle repair.html ref Initiatives in 2009 In 2009, GTI Spindle Technologies began an initiative to provide green service to its customers in the form of revamped ... to provide lubrication to more points using only one system Services GTI Spindle Technologies provides ... in a variety of applications and industries. ref http www.gtispindle.com spindle repairs.html ref Extent of repair work includes Machine Tool Spindle Repair Services In house and on site spindle repair services including vibration analysis, spindle repair and bearing repair, preventative maintenance and training. On Site Machine Tool Spindle Repair Includes vibration analysis program to diagnose ... in facility. ref http www.gtispindle.com spindle repairs.html ref Precision Machine Tool Spindle ... more details
Missing information High speed spindles date July 2010 In machine tool s, a spindle is a Axis of rotation rotating axis of the machine, which often has a Drive shaft shaft at its heart. The shaft itself is called a spindle, but also, in shop floor practice, the word often is used metonymy metonymically to refer to the entire rotary unit, including not only the shaft itself, but its bearings and anything attached to it chuck engineering chuck , etc. . A machine tool may have several spindles, such as the headstock and tailstock spindles on a Lathe metal bench lathe . The main spindle is usually the biggest one. References to the spindle without further qualification imply the main spindle. Some machine tools that specialize in high volume mass production have a group of 4, 6, or even more main spindles. These are called multispindle machines. For example, Drill Drill press gang drills and many screw machine s are multispindle machines. Although a bench lathe has more than one spindle counting the tailstock , it is not called a multispindle machine it has one main spindle. Examples of spindles include On a lathe whether wood lathe or Lathe metal metal lathe , the spindle is the heart of the Lathe metal Headstock headstock . In rotating cutter woodworking machinery, the spindle is the part on which shaped milling cutter s are mounted for cutting features such as rabbet rebates , beads, and curves into Molding decorative moulding s and similar wikt millwork millwork . Similarly, in rotating ... , the spindle is the shaft to which the tool such as a drill bit or milling cutter is attached ... HwacheonCentreLathe headstock mask legend.jpg Lathe headstock H4 Spindle File HwacheonCentreLathe tailstock mask legend.jpg Lathe tailstock T5 Spindle File Multi spindle lathe 2.JPG Multi spindle lathe File Milling machine Vertical, Manual NT.PNG Vertical milling machine 2 Spindle gallery External ... Engineers Spindle Bearing Basics Category Machine tools metalworking stub woodworking stub ... more details
Image Hard drive en.svg thumb 300px In computer terms, the spindle of a hard disk is the spinning axle on which the platters are mounted. Inside the spindle in the motor witch spins the platers based on a predetermined speed called rpms, like 7,200 or 10,000. In Storage virtualization storage engineering, the physical disk drive is often called a spindle , referencing the spinning parts which limit the device to a single I O operation at a time and making it the focus of Input Output scheduling decisions. The only way to execute more than one disk operation at a time is to add more than one spindle a larger number of independently seeking disks increases parallelism. See also Spindling Category Computer jargon Category Computer storage Category Hard disk drives computer hardware stub it Spindle es Eje disco duro ... more details
Infobox Magazine title Spindle Magazine editor Heather Falconer editor title Editor in Chief frequency Quarterly category Fashion Music Art Design Photography Film firstdate 2010 country Flag United Kingdom language English language English website http www.spindlemagazine.com Spindle Magazine Spindle Magazine is a free quarterly magazine focusing on music, fashion, art, film and photography. Established in 2008, Spindle is distributed throughout the UK and also has an active website, www.spindlemagazine.com. Though Spindle is dedicated to showcasing emerging talent, it also contains a mix of interviews and profiles with established artists as well as up and coming individuals. Issues Spindle has so far completed three issues. Each issue has a set theme that numerous contributors across the various fields covered by the magazine write around. class wikitable Issue Publication Date Theme 1 2010 First Edition 2 2011 The Men s Issue 3 2011 International 4 2011 Perfection? References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist External links http www.spindlemagazine.com http www.spindlemagazine.com http www.facebook.com spindlemag http www.facebook.com spindlemag Categories Category Magazines Category Arts Magazines ... more details
Image Hunterian Psalter c. 1170 Eve spinning.jpg thumb Eve spinning, the spindle in her right hand Hunterian Psalter , ca 1170 Glasgow University Glasgow University Library File Wirtel01.png thumb Spinning with a spindle below and distaff above A spindle is a wood en spike known as the shaft used for spinning textiles spinning wool , flax , hemp , cotton , and other fibre s into yarn thread . It is commonly weighted at either the bottom sometimes called a drop spindle middle or top, most commonly by a circular or spherical object called a whorl, and may also have a hook, groove or notch, though spindles without these are also common. Spindle whorls have been found in archaeological digs around the world. Modern spindles are commonly available in high whorl, low whorl, centre whorl, or supported varieties. In a high whorl spindle, the whorl sits very close to the top of the shaft. A hook is placed on the top of the shaft to secure the developing yarn, and the newly spun yarn is wound around the shaft underneath the whorl. In a low whorl spindle, the whorl sits near the bottom of the shaft. The newly spun yarn is wound around the shaft just above the whorl. If there is a hook at the upper end of the shaft, the yarn is spiral wound up the shaft and caught in the hook if there is no hook ... supported spindle s, such as the large Navajo spindle and the tiny cotton spinning tahkli . The spinning wheel is also used for the same purpose. The Spindle in Myth and Legend The spindle is closely ... in Europe, the older stories are certainly referring to hand spinning done on a spindle. Chief ... part of a spinning wheel in modern illustrations, rather than a spindle. Image Drop spindles.jpg thumb left Modern top whorl drop spindles Image Turkish spindle.jpg thumb left Modern Turkish spindle See also Timeline of clothing and textiles technology Distaff Spinning DEFAULTSORT Spindle Textiles ... no H ndtein pl Wrzeciono prz dzalnictwo qu Puchka ru simple Spindle textiles fi V rttin ... more details
Infobox hot spring name Spindle Geyser photo photo width photo caption name origin location Lower Geyser Basin, Yellowstone National Park , Teton County, Wyoming lat d 44.5316008 long d 110.7954883 coords ref ref name rcn elevation convert 7346 ft ref cite gnis 7346 Spindle Geyser ref type height duration frequency discharge temperature convert 89.3 C F ref name rcn cite rcn id 5618 name Spindle Geyser ref depth map map caption map width Spindle Geyser is a geyser in the Geothermal areas of Yellowstone Lower Geyser Basin Lower Geyser Basin of Yellowstone National Park in the U.S. state of Wyoming . Spindle Geyser is part of the White Creek Group which includes A 0 Geyser and Botryoidal Spring . It is found along the bank of White Creek about sup 1 sup sub 2 sub mile 0.8 km southeast of the Surprise Pool parking area ref name gosa cite web title Spindle Geyser publisher Geyser Observation and Study Association GOSA url http www.geyserstudy.org geyser.aspx?pGeyserNo SPINDLE ref . It erupts for a duration of a few seconds with an interval of 1&ndash 3 minutes between eruptions. Eruptions tend to be small, sometimes no more than a vigorous roiling of the pool but can reach convert 1 to 3 ft 1 . Prior to 1985, Spindle had eruptions as large as convert 10 ft . Spindle also generates subterranean thumps that can be felt when standing near the geyser. ref name gosa References reflist Lower Midway Wyoming Category Geysers of Wyoming Category Geothermal features of Teton County, Wyoming Category Yellowstone geothermal features ... more details
Taxobox name Spindle elimia image status VU status system IUCN2.3 regnum Animalia phylum Mollusca classis Gastropoda unranked familia clade Caenogastropoda br clade Sorbeoconcha superfamilia Cerithioidea familia Pleuroceridae genus Elimia species E. capillaris binomial Elimia capillaris binomial authority I. Lea, 1861 synonyms The spindle elimia , scientific name Elimia capillaris , is a species of freshwater snail s with an operculum gastropod operculum , aquatic gastropod mollusk s in the family Pleuroceridae . This species is Endemism endemic to the United States . References Reflist Bogan, A.E. 1996. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 7604 all Elimia capillaris . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 7 August 2007. DEFAULTSORT Spindle Elimia Category Fauna of the United States Category Elimia Pleuroceridae stub es Elimia capillaris pt Elimia capillaris sr Elimia capillaris vi Spindle elimia ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 These poisons disrupt cellular reproduction by affecting the protein threads which connect the centromere regions of chromosome s, known as spindles . Some spindle poisons Mebendazole Colchicine Griseofulvin Vinca alkaloid Vinca alkaloids Vinca Alkaloids Paclitaxel Taxol See also Taxane Mitotic inhibitor Chemotherapeutic agents DEFAULTSORT Spindle Poison Category Poisons antineoplastic drug stub Cell biology stub ... more details
A segmented spindle , also known by the trademark Kataka , is a specialized mechanical linear actuator conceived by the Danish mechanical engineer Jens Joerren Soerensen during the mid 1990s. ref Article from Eureka Magazine http www.shelleys.demon.co.uk foct03.htm ref The actuator forms a telescoping tubular column, or spindle, from linked segments resembling curved parallelograms. The telescoping linear actuator has a lifting capacity up to 440 pounds for a travel of approximately 16 inches. ref Technical Specifications KATAKA 400 http kataka.dk media technical 20spec 20sheet kataka technical spec sheet 08.08.pdf ref A short elongated housing forms the base of the actuator and includes an electrical gear drive and storage magazine for the spindle segments. The drive spins a helically grooved wheel that engages the similarly grooved inside face of the spindle segments. As the wheel spins it simultaneously pull the segments from their horizontal arrangement in the magazine and stacks them along the vertical path of a helix into a rigid tubular column. The reverse process lowers the column. See also Helical band actuator Rigid belt actuator Rigid chain actuator References Reflist External links http www.kataka.dk Kataka web site YouTube OiPU9BGQL2M Linear actuator based on the segmented spindle commons category Gears Category Actuators Category Hardware mechanical Category Gears tech stub ... more details
Spindle turning , or turning between centers, is a woodturning method referring to a piece of wood on a wood lathe that is being turned on its center axis. ref Clifford, Brian. http www.turningtools.co.uk wtintro grain grain.html Woodturning Grain and other factors , 1999. Accessed April 30, 2007. ref Method For spindle turning, the wood is held on the lathe either by both ends between the headstock and tailstock or by one end only. Wood is generally removed by running a turning tool down the slope of the wood from a larger diameter in the wood to a smaller diameter. Examples Spindle turning is the method used for items such as chair and table legs, lamps, cues, bats, candlesticks etc. i.e. long and thin objects. Notes references Category Woodworking ... more details
Infobox Book See Wikipedia WikiProject Novels or Wikipedia WikiProject Books name Spindle s End title orig translator image Image Spindles End cover.jpg 200px image caption First edition, 2000 author Robin McKinley illustrator cover artist country United Kingdom language English series Folktales genre Fantasy novel publisher Putnam Publishing Group pub date May 2000 english pub date media type Print Hardcover pages 400pp isbn 0 399 23466 7 congress PZ8.M1793 Sp 2000 oclc 42290485 preceded by Rose Daughter followed by Spindle s End is a retelling of Sleeping Beauty by author Robin McKinley , published in 2000. Plot summary In McKinley s version of the classic fairy tale , Sleeping Beauty , a Wicked fairy godmother wicked fairy named Pernicia appears on the princess name day and places a curse on the baby, claiming that the child will, on her 21st birthday, prick her finger on a Spindle textiles spindle and fall into deathly sleep. The cursed princess is rescued on her name day and secretly taken away by a young fairy, Katriona, to her village, a town called Foggy Bottom, located in the damp and swampy section of the country known as The Gig. There Katriona and her aunt affectionately known as Aunt raise the princess as an ordinary village maiden, naming her Rosie after the last of the princess ... and whittle spindle ends than wear dresses and practice embroidery, as her more lady like friend Peony ..., Spindle s End deals with the importance of family love, especially that between Rosie, Katriona ... Spindle s End Study Guide to Spindle s End http tlg.ninthwonder.com rabbit v8i3 curious.html Essay on Spindle s End Real izing Fantasy The Double Sided Mirror of Magical Realism and the other side of reality in Robin McKinley s Spindle s End by Evelyn Perry, from The Looking Glass , vol. 8 no.3, September 2004 http www.schoollibraryjournal.com article CA482572.html?industryid 47087&q spindle 27s end Review of Spindle s End from School Library Journal , 2004 Sleeping Beauty Category 2001 ... more details
Infobox Sculpture image Image Berwyn car spindle 20070707.jpg 200 px title Spindle artist Dustin Shuler ..., Illinois museum Cermak Plaza Spindle was a sculpture created in 1989 by artist Dustin Shuler ... news first Cari last Brokamp title Car Spindle coming down whether it goes back up remains in the air .... ref cite news first Andrew last Herrmann title Spindle is outta here work Chicago Sun Times publisher ... Pointless? , by Bill Griffith ref The impaled cars on the spindle, from top to bottom, were 1967 ... centers due to the quirky art around the center. ref name BERMANT Image Spindle 05022008 b.jpg thumb right Spindle being disassembled on May 2, 2008. In July 2007, it was announced that the shopping ... name TRIBUNE070710 cite news title Berwyn s Spindle car sculpture set to fall work Chicago Tribune ... rode to Spindle in an effort to raise awareness of the sculpture. About 2,000 cyclists made the 14.8 ... cite news title Bikers back Spindle work Chicago Sun Times publisher Sun Times News Group date 28 July 2007 ref Image Spindle 040208 a.jpg thumb right Spindle being disassembled on May 2, 2008. On August 1, 2007, radio station WLUP interviewed the Berwyn mayor the main topic of discussion was Spindle ... Demolition disassembled Spindle . A large crowd stood near the site taking pictures. The top two cars were removed from the spike by a crane, and stored for future use. The base of the spindle was then cut, and the spindle along with the remaining cars was pushed over with a crane. If sufficient funds can be raised, a new Spindle featuring the old top two cars may be erected. ref http www.suntimes.com news metro 930180,CST NWS spindle03.article Herrmann, Andrew. The Spindle Comes Down , Chicago ... respects to Spindle laid low url http infoweb.newsbank.com iw search we InfoWeb?p action doc&p ... category Spindle sculpture coord 41.8497 N 87.8014 W display title type landmark DEFAULTSORT Spindle Sculpture Category Berwyn, Illinois Category Outdoor sculptures in Illinois Category 1989 works ... more details
Infobox neuron neuron name Spindle neuron image neuron Spindle cell.png caption neuron Cartoon of a spindle ... state neurotransmitter morphology Unique spindle shaped projection neuron afferents Local input ... Image Spindle neurons very high mag cropped.jpg thumb right Micrograph showing a spindle neuron of the cingulate . H&E stain HE LFB stain . Spindle neurons , also called von Economo neurons VENs , are a specific class of neuron s that are characterized by a large Spindle textiles spindle shaped soma ... opposite. Whereas other types of neurons tend to have many dendrites, the polar shaped morphology of spindle ... ref Spindle cells are also found in the brains of the humpback whale s, fin whale s, killer whale ... Oxford University Press ref Function of spindle neurons Spindle neurons are relatively enormous ... great ape s, Elephant idaes, and cetaceans Cetacea . Spindle neurons have been implicated by scientists ... . While rare in comparison to other neurons, spindle neurons are most abundant, and largest, in humans ... insular cortex FI , and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex . Spindle cells appear to play a central ... significance The observation that spindle neurons only occur in a highly significant group ... from the African great apes. The discovery of spindle neurons in diverse whale species ... evolution . Harkeem et al s research on spindle neurons in elephant brains proposes the following ... year 2009 ref rp page 247 blockquote ACC spindle neurons Unreferenced section date May 2010 In 1999 ... first published a report on spindle neurons found in the anterior cingulate cortex ACC of hominids, but not in any other species. Neuronal volumes of ACC spindle neurons were larger in humans and the gracile chimpanzees than the spindle neurons of the robust gorillas and orangutans. Allman and his colleagues have delved beyond the level of brain infrastructure to investigate how spindle neurons ... s. Allman s team reports that spindle neurons help channel neural signals from deep within the cortex ... more details
globalize USA date August 2009 Refimprove date March 2010 Image Pappersspjut.jpg thumb Small piece of paper spindled. A spindle or colloquially, a spike is an upright spike used to hold papers waiting for processing. Spindling or spiking was the act of spearing a paper document onto the spike. Spindling accumulated paperwork in a way that would not permit it to be blown about by the summer breeze common prior to the advent of air conditioning . When the spindle was full, a string would be put through the holes to bundle the papers together, and the bundle would be shipped to the archives. ref name lubar Steven Lubar http design.osu.edu carlson history PDFs lubar hollerith.pdf Do Not Fold, Spindle or Mutilate A Cultural History of the Punch Card Journal of American Culture 1991 ref Many spindles come with a plastic safety cap to prevent injury. Many early spindles have bases that are quite decorative. Another colloquialism arising from the use of this device was spiking , which meant a de facto killing of a controversial newspaper article. Citation needed date March 2010 A prohibition against spindling a document comprised the middle of three barred practices in the famous post World War II injunction printed on punched card documents to be processed by computer, Punched card Do not fold, spindle, or mutilate . ref name lubar References Reflist DEFAULTSORT Spindle Stationery Category Stationery Business stub sv Pappersspjut ... more details
Image Uprights.JPG thumb Spindles or uprights Jaguar left and Holden Gemini right In an automobile , the spindle is a part of the suspension vehicle suspension system that carries the hub for the wheel and attaches to the upper and lower control arms. The spindle is referred to as an Upright in UK built vehicles and in areas dominated by these cars like Australia , New Zealand etc. Design There are several considerations when designing an upright. Loads and forces need to be considered. Vertical and horizontal forces of over 5 g force g are sometimes considered desirable. Non driven wheel The main forces on a non driven wheel are braking and turning forces. Driven wheel The forces on a driven wheel include forward and reverse propulsion as well as the braking and turning forces. References reflist http www.oz clubbies.com forums index.php?showtopic 11477 List of Spindles Uprights available in Australia suitable for Race, Modified and Individuality Constructed Vehicles Category Automotive suspension technologies automotive part stub ... more details
stretch. Image muscle spindle model.jpg thumb 450px right Mammalian muscle spindle showing typical ... . The spindle is a stretch receptor with its own motor supply consisting of several intrafusal ... that fusus is the Latin word for spindle. Muscle spindles are composed of 3 12 intrafusal muscle ... in the non contractile central equatorial region. ref Hulliger M. The mammalian muscle spindle ... . The muscle spindle has both sensory and motor components. Type Ia sensory fiber Primary and Type II ... the central, non contractile part of the muscle spindle. The static axons innervate the chain or bag ... of the muscle spindle sensory afferents to stretch. Upon release of acetylcholine by the active gamma ... sensitivity of the muscle spindle afferents. For an interactive animation created by Jan Kowalczewski at the University of Alberta, demonstrating spindle afferent responses to muscle stretch .... Several theories have been proposed, based on recordings from spindle afferents. 1 Alpha gamma ... to maintain the firing of spindle afferents when the extrafusal muscles shorten. ref Vallbo AB, and al Falahe NA. Human muscle spindle response in a motor learning task. J Physiol Lond 421 553 568 ... muscle. Dynamic gamma activity turns on and off abruptly, sensitizing spindle afferents to the onset ..., primary sensory fibers Group Ia afferent neurons of the muscle spindle respond to both ... muscle fiber Additional images gallery Image MuscleSpindle.svg Muscle spindle Image Muskelspindel3.png ... interactive receptor model.html somatosensory system Muscle tissue DEFAULTSORT Muscle Spindle ... more details
refimprove date May 2010 Image Stage2sleep.svg thumb right 300px A sleep spindle is a burst of brain activity visible on an electroencephalography EEG that occurs during Sleep Physiology stage 2 sleep . It consists of 12 14 Hz waves that occur for at least 0.5 seconds. ref Rechtschaffen, A. Kales, A. 1968 . A Manual of Standardized Terminology, Techniques and Scoring System For Sleep Stages of Human Subjects. US Dept of Health, Education, and Welfare National Institutes of Health. ref ref De Gennaro, L. Ferrara, M. 2003 . Sleep spindles an overview. Sleep medicine reviews , 7 5 , 423 440 ref Function Sleep spindles sometimes referred to as sigma bands or sigma waves may represent periods where the brain is inhibiting processing to keep the sleeper in a tranquil state. Along with K complex es they are defining characteristics of, and indicate the onset of, Sleep Physiology stage 2 sleep . They are often tapered at both ends and frequently seen over the frontal and central head regions. They may or may not be synchronous, but they should be symmetrical and bilateral. During sleep these spindles are seen in the brain as a burst of activity immediately following muscle twitching. Researchers think the brain, particularly in the young, is learning about what nerves control what specific muscles when asleep. ref http www.apa.org monitor jan06 twitch.aspx To sleep, perchance to twitch ref ref http intro2psych.wordpress.com 2009 04 01 wiring your brain at college a new perspective on sleep Wiring your brain at college a new perspective on sleep ref Spindles generated in the thalamus have been shown to aid sleeping in the presence of disruptive external sounds. A correlation has been ... in the thalamus and the cortex. Sleep spindle activity has furthermore been found to be associated ..., R. Wamsley, E.J. Gareth Gaskell, M. 2010 . Sleep spindle activity is associated with the integration ..., B.A. Watson, A. Bria, P. Tononi, G. 2007 . Reduced Sleep Spindle Activity in Schizophrenia Patients ... more details
A spindle transfer more properly spindle chromosomal complex transfer is a Genetics genetic manipulation technique where the donor s mitochondrial DNA is not transferred to the receiving egg. It may be used to treat mitochondrial disease s. History In an article published in Nature journal Nature online on 26 August 2009, a team in Oregon headed by Dr. Tachibana made the report of the transfer of maternal DNA without any mitochondrial DNA included in a laboratory monkey. ref cite journal doi 10.1038 nature08368 last Masahito Tachibana first1 M coauthors Michelle Sparman, Hathaitip Sritanaudomchai, Hong Ma, Lisa Clepper, Joy Woodward, Ying Li, Cathy Ramsey, Olena Kolotushkina & Shoukhrat Mitalipov date 17 September 2009 journal Nature journal Nature volume 461 issue 7262 pages 367 372 title Mitochondrial gene replacement in primate offspring and embryonic stem cells url http www.nature.com nature journal v461 n7262 full nature08368.html pmid 19710649 pmc 2774772 ref This has the implication that any genetic problems which may be transferred from mother to offspring through mitochondrial DNA can be avoided. ref http www.medicalnewstoday.com articles 162266.php ref Teams from the Oregon National Primate Research Center, the Oregon Stem Cell Center and the Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, and Molecular and Medical Genetics at the Oregon Health and Science University were all credited in the study. Procedure The technique involves taking nuclear DNA from an egg cell and transferring that DNA into another egg cell, leaving the defective mitochondrial DNA behind. The cell is then implanted using in vitro fertilization techniques. The final mitochondrial DNA, however, is from the receiving egg cell, causing the original donor s mitochondrial DNA to not be passed on to the eventual offspring. Genetic analysis may then be utilized to confirm that the mother s mitochondrial DNA is not part of the final DNA makeup. Macaca mulatta monkey s were used in recent experiments ... more details
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