Merge from Exinct date December 2010 Infobox Disease Name Spinalmuscularatrophy Image Caption DiseasesDB ... eMedicineTopic MeshID D009134 GeneReviewsID sma GeneReviewsName SpinalMuscularAtrophySpinalMuscularAtrophy SMA is a neuromuscular disease characterized by degeneration of motor neuron s, ref DorlandsDict one 000010243 spinalmuscularatrophy ref ref name pmid17761647 cite journal author Kostova FV, Williams VC, Heemskerk J, et al. title Spinalmuscularatrophy classification, diagnosis, management ... bright and sociable. http www.fsma.org The term juvenile spinalmuscularatrophy refers to Kugelberg Welander syndrome . ref DorlandsDict nine 100014138 juvenile spinalmuscularatrophy ref Symptoms ... to be diagnosed with SpinalMuscularAtrophy, symptoms need to be present. In most cases a diagnosis ... Caused by mutation of the SMN1 gene main Survival motor neuron spinalmuscularatrophy The most common ... is called SMN1 . SMA Caused by mutation of other genes Other forms of spinalmuscularatrophy are caused ... Xq11 q12 X linked spinalmuscularatrophy 2 , SMAX2 OMIM2 301830 UBE1 ref http health.usnews.com ... Search Unlocks Deadly Genetic Disease Bot generated title ref X chromosome Xp11.23 SpinalMuscularAtrophy with Respiratory Distress SMARD 1 or Autosomal recessive distal spinalmuscularatrophy 1 DSMA1 ... 600794 glycyl tRNA synthase chromosome 7 human 7p15 Related conditions Spinalmuscularatrophy only affects motor nerves. The term spinalmuscularatrophy thus refers to atrophy of muscles due to loss ... Riluzole Quinazoline495 ref Families of SpinalMuscularAtrophy Receives FDA Orphan Drug Designation For Quinazoline495 For The Treatment of SpinalMuscularAtrophy. ref Other compounds have ... Disorders Muscle Diseases SpinalMuscularAtrophy Diseases of the nervous system DEFAULTSORT SpinalMuscularAtrophy Category Motor neurone disease Category Genetic disorders by system Category ... cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 17761647 ref resulting in progressive muscularatrophy wasting away ... more details
SpinalMuscularAtrophy Type 2 also known as spinalmuscularatrophy type II is an autosomal recessive disease and is a form of spinalmuscularatrophy SMA . Symptoms Children with spinalmuscularatrophy type 2 manifest less severe weakness than children with Werdnig Hoffman disease . Symptoms are usually noticed later in life, usually between the age of 6 to 18 months. The clinical features are similar to those found in children with Type 1 in fact, there are many children for whom the characterization of Type 1 Werdnig Hoffman or Type 2 SMA becomes a best guess . Children with Type 2 SMA usually achieve the ability to sit independently, however, they almost never achieve the ability to walk or stand without support. Prognosis Some children with SMA Type 2 have a relatively static course and remain free of life threatening complications such as pneumonia. Other children, have progressive weakness of their swallowing and respiratory muscles. Many youngsters with SMA Type 2 develop curvature of the spine Kyphoscoliosis and other orthopedic problems. Skillful management by a team of physical therapists and orthopedic surgeons is usually needed to manage these problems. See also Motor neurone disease SpinalMuscularAtrophy Kugelberg Welander disease Werdnig Hoffman disease ladyjenivie http www.blogtv.com people ladyjenivie Source http www.fightsma.org index.php?sma guidebook Fight SMA SpinalMuscularAtrophy Guidebook External links http www.fightsma.org Fight SMA SpinalMuscularAtrophy NINDS sma Category Diseases and disorders ... more details
Infobox disease Name X linked spinalmuscularatrophy 2 Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 301830 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID X linked spinalmuscularatrophy 2 SMAX2 is a form of spinalmuscularatrophy . It is similar to but distinguishable from Werdnig Hoffmann disease . Typically it manifests at or before birth, which is unusual for SMN SMA, and it only affects boys, where SMN SMA affects both sexes equally. The 2 is used to distinguish the condition from Kennedy disease . However, the 2 is not always used. In this context, the condition may simply be abbreviated XL SMA . ref name pmid17224690 Cite journal author Dressman D, Ahearn ME, Yariz KO, et al. title X linked infantile spinalmuscularatrophy clinical definition and molecular mapping journal Genet. Med. volume 9 issue 1 pages 52 60 year 2007 month January pmid 17224690 doi 10.1097 GIM.0b013e31802d8353 url http meta.wkhealth.com pt pt core template journal lwwgateway media landingpage.htm?issn 1098 3600&volume 9&issue 1&spage 52 ref It is associated with UBE1 . ref name pmid18179898 Cite journal author Ramser J, Ahearn ME, Lenski C, et al. title Rare missense and synonymous variants in UBE1 are associated with X linked infantile spinalmuscularatrophy journal Am. J. Hum. Genet. volume 82 issue 1 pages 188 93 year 2008 month January pmid 18179898 pmc 2253959 doi 10.1016 j.ajhg.2007.09.009 url ref References Reflist CNS diseases of the nervous system X linked disorders Disorders of translation and posttranslational modification Category Systemic atrophies primarily affecting the central nervous system Category X linked recessive disorders Medicine stub ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Survival motor neuron spinalmuscularatrophy Image Caption DiseasesDB 14093 DiseasesDB mult DiseasesDB2 12315 ICD10 ICD10 G 12 0 g 10 ICD10 G 12 1 g 10 ICD9 ICD9 335.0 ICD9 335.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 000996 eMedicineSubj orthoped eMedicineTopic 304 eMedicine mult eMedicine2 pmr 62 MeshID D014897 Survival motor neuron spinalmuscularatrophySpinalmuscular atrophies of childhood is a term used used to describe certain forms of spinalmuscularatrophy SMA that are associated with the Survival of Motor Neuron SMN protein. These include Werdnig Hoffmann disease and Kugelberg Welander disease . It can involve SMN1 and SMN2 . ref name pmid cite journal author Prior TW title Spinalmuscularatrophy diagnostics journal J. Child Neurol. volume 22 issue 8 pages 952 6 year 2007 month August pmid 17761649 doi 10.1177 0883073807305668 url http jcn.sagepub.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 17761649 ref Sometimes the term spinalmuscularatrophy is used to imply an association with survival motor neuron, but the phrase spinalmuscularatrophy is also used to refer to unrelated ... journal author Moosa A, Dubowitz V title Spinalmuscularatrophy in childhood. Two clues to clinical ... cite journal author Bach JR, Niranjan V, Weaver B title Spinalmuscularatrophy type 1 A noninvasive ... in type I and severe type II spinalmuscularatrophy journal J. Child Neurol. volume 22 issue 6 pages ... JN title A clinical and genetic study of spinalmuscularatrophy of adult onset the autosomal recessive ... ref name pmid712386 cite journal author Pearn J title Autosomal dominant spinalmuscularatrophy a clinical ... and chronic spinalmuscularatrophy in childhood. A nosological analysis of 124 index patients ... journal author Kugelberg E, Welander L title Heredofamilial juvenile muscularatrophy simulating muscular dystrophy journal AMA Arch Neurol Psychiatry volume 75 issue 5 pages 500 9 year 1956 month ... funded in part by the Muscular Dystrophy Association . The findings were also confirmed by French ... more details
Infobox Disease Name Autosomal recessive distal spinalmuscularatrophy 1 Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM 604320 MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID Autosomal recessive distal spinalmuscularatrophy 1 or spinalmuscularatrophy with respiratory distress type 1 , or distal spinalmuscularatrophy 1 ref name pmid18263757 cite journal author Kaindl AM, Guenther UP, Rudnik Sch neborn S, et al. title Spinalmuscularatrophy with respiratory distress type 1 SMARD1 journal J. Child Neurol. volume 23 issue 2 pages 199 204 year 2008 month February pmid 18263757 doi 10.1177 0883073807310989 url http jcn.sagepub.com cgi pmidlookup?view long&pmid 18263757 ref is a form of spinalmuscularatrophy . It is characterized by intrauterine growth retardation, often premature birth, foot deformity, and a characteristic pattern of breathing the stomach draws inward with inspiration that indicates weakness of the diaphragm in classic SMA type 1 the diaphragm is strong and the stomach prominently protrudes with inspiration paradoxic breathing pattern . It is associated with IGHMBP2 . ref name pmid14681881 cite journal author Grohmann K, Varon R, Stolz P, et al. title Infantile spinalmuscularatrophy with respiratory distress type 1 SMARD1 journal Ann. Neurol. volume 54 issue 6 pages 719 24 year 2003 month December pmid 14681881 doi 10.1002 ana.10755 ref ref name pmid15290238 cite journal author Guenther UP, Schuelke M, Bertini E, et al. title Genomic rearrangements at the IGHMBP2 gene locus in two patients with SMARD1 journal Hum. Genet. volume 115 issue 4 pages 319 26 year 2004 month September isbn 0043900411560 pmid 15290238 doi 10.1007 s00439 004 1156 0 ref References reflist CNS diseases of the nervous system Category Motor neurone disease medicine stub ... more details
have to be ruled out, such as multifocal motor neuropathy or spinalmuscularatrophy . Tests ... Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis of long duration mimicking spinal progressive muscularatrophy ... muscularatrophy Syndrome or disease? journal Neurology. volume 70 issue 9 pages 723 727 year ... findings in sporadic progressive muscularatrophy. journal J Neurol. volume 255 issue 6 pages 903 ... The importance of correctly recognizing progressive muscularatrophy as opposed to ALS MND is important ... in progressive muscularatrophy journal Neurology volume 67 issue 9 pages 1718 1719 year 2006 ... Corticospinal tract degeneration in the progressive muscularatrophy variant of ALS. journal Neurology ... secondary. Such views still exist in archaic terms for PMA such as Primary progressive spinalmuscularatrophy . Throughout the course of the late 19th century, other conditions were discovered which had previously been thought to be PMA, such as pseudo hypertrophic paralysis, hereditary muscularatrophy, progressive myopathy, progressive muscular dystrophy , peripheral neuritis, and syringomyelia ... motor neurone degeneration, the symptoms of PMA include atrophy fasciculation s muscle weakness ... es Atrofia muscular progresiva it Atrofia muscolare progressiva nl Progressieve spinale musculaire ... more details
. A diminished muscular trophic is designated as atrophy . Atrophy is the general physiological ...dablink For the American thrash metal band, see Atrophy band Infobox Disease Name Atrophy Image Mouse with spinalmuscular atrophy.jpg Caption Mice with spinalmuscularatrophy DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD9 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D001284 Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body . Causes of atrophy include mutation s which can destroy the gene ... disease, it is termed pathological atrophy , although it can be a part of normal body development and homeostasis as well. Atrophy examples Normal development Examples of atrophy as part of normal .... Muscle atrophies main Muscle atrophy Disuse atrophy of muscle s muscle atrophy and bone ... of atrophy can usually be reversed with exercise unless severe. Astronauts in microgravity must exercise regularly to minimize atrophy of their limb muscles. There are many diseases and conditions which cause atrophy of muscle mass. For example diseases such as cancer and AIDS induce a body wasting syndrome called cachexia , which is notable for the severe muscle atrophy seen. Other syndromes or conditions which can induce skeletal muscle atrophy are congestive heart failure and liver disease .... This condition is called sarcopenia , and may be distinct from atrophy in its pathophysiology ... 003188.htm title Muscle atrophy publisher MedlinePlus accessdate 2007 10 02 date 2007 05 22 last ... atrophy of muscles can occur due to diseases of the motor nerves, or due to diseases of the muscle ... . Examples of atrophying muscle diseases include muscular dystrophy , myotonia congenita , and myotonic ... fibrillation can also result in muscle atrophy. Gland atrophy The adrenal gland s atrophy during prolonged use of exogenous glucocorticoid s like prednisone . Atrophy of the breast s can occur with prolonged estrogen reduction, as with anorexia nervosa or menopause . Atrophy of the testes occurs ... more details
muscle atrophy are liver disease, and starvation. Quality of life Muscularatrophy decreases quality ... performing those like walking . Muscularatrophy increases the risks of falling in conditions such as IBM inclusion body myositis . Muscularatrophy affects a major number of elderly. Other muscles diseases, distinct from atrophy During aging, there is a gradual decrease in the ability to maintain ... also Brown atrophy of the heart Muscle weakness Muscular dystrophy Myotonic dystrophy References reflist External links MeshName Muscularatrophy Myopathy Category Physiology Category Medical signs ... ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus 003188 eMedicineSubj eMedicineTopic MeshID D009133 Muscle atrophy is defined as a decrease .... Muscle atrophy results from a co morbidity of several common diseases, including cancer , AIDS ... a poor prognosis . Moreover, starvation eventually leads to muscle atrophy. Clinical settings of atrophy There are many diseases and conditions which cause a decrease in muscle mass, known as atrophy ... survival. In addition to the simple loss of muscle mass atrophy , or the age related decrease in muscle ... muscular dystrophy , or by inflammatory reactions in the body directed against muscle the myopathies . Pathophysiology Muscle atrophy occurs by a change in the normal balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. During atrophy, there is a down regulation of protein synthesis pathways, and an activation of protein breakdown pathways ref Sandri M. 2008. Signaling in Muscle Atrophy ... loss seen in a muscle undergoing atrophy is the Adenosine triphosphate ATP dependent ubiquitin ... Muscle atrophy can be opposed by the signaling pathways which induce muscle hypertrophy, or an increase ... atrophy includes the use of functional electrical stimulation to stimulate the muscles. This has ... Rehabilitation medicine Category Aging Category Disorders of muscles de Muskelatrophie es Atrofia muscular it Atrofia muscolare nl Spieratrofie ja no Muskelatrofi simple Muscle atrophy ... more details
Aesthetic atrophy is the diminished capacity to appreciate new or unfamiliar music or other sensory stimuli. It is typically accompanied by the sufferer s retreat to familiar and comfortable works. ref Cite news last Cizmar first Martin coauthors title The Scourge of Aesthetic Atrophy, and the Top 50 Albums of the Aughts newspaper Phoenix New Times location Phoenix, Arizona pages language publisher New Times Media date 31 December 2009 url http www.phoenixnewtimes.com 2009 12 31 music the scourge of aesthetic atrophy at the top 50 albums of the aughts 2 accessdate 2 January 2010 ref References reflist Category Aesthetics ... more details
Infobox disease Name Optic atrophy Image Gray773.png Caption The left optic nerve and the optic tracts. DiseasesDB 9241 ICD10 ICD10 H 47 2 h 46 ICD9 ICD9 377.1 ICDO OMIM MedlinePlus eMedicineSubj article eMedicineTopic 1217760 MeshID D009896 Optic atrophy is the loss of some or most of the fibers of the optic nerve . ref http www.kellogg.umich.edu patientcare conditions optic.atrophy.html Optic Atrophy Definition, Symptoms, and Treatment Kellogg Eye Center Bot generated title ref In medicine, atrophy usually means shrunken but capable of regrowth , so some argue that optic atrophy as a pathological term is somewhat misleading and use optic neuropathy instead. Prognosis The optic nerve is part of the brain and has no capability for regeneration. Hence, there can be no recovery from optic atrophy and the term may refer to serious or mild, but always irreversible visual loss due to damage to the optic nerve. Three types of degeneration are seen transsynaptic, anterograde, and retrograde. ref eMedicine.com Optic Atrophy. Gandhi RA, Muthiaih GA.http emedicine.medscape.com article 1217760 overview ... there may be a particular difficulty with colour vision . Bilateral Optic Atrophy Loss of vision and discoloration ... Causes Optic atrophy can be congenital or acquired. Congenital If congenital, it is usually hereditary ... nystagmus . Leber s Hereditary Optic Neuropathy, LHON or Leber Optic Atrophy is hereditary, but typically ... is passed exclusively through the mothers. Dominant optic atrophy or Kjer s optic neuropathy ...?cmd Search&db omim&term Optic atrophy&doptcmdl Titles OMIM Optic Atrophy search ref Alternatively, congenital optic atrophy can be caused by a lack of oxygen during pregnancy, labor or in the early days of a child s life. Some drugs taken during pregnancy are also associated with optic atrophy. Genetic ... 612989 TMEM126A 11q14.1 q21 Acquired The acquired type of optic atrophy may be due to blood supply changes ... . See also Dominant optic atrophy OPA3 References references External links http www.ifond.org ... more details
unreferenced date November 2009 Testicular atrophy is a medical condition in which the male reproductive organ anatomy organ s the testes , which in humans are located in the scrotum diminish in size and may be accompanied by loss of function. This does not refer to temporary changes, such as those brought on by cold. Some medications can cause testicular atrophy. Anabolic Androgenic Steroids AAS can cause testicular atrophy by reducing the amount of luteinizing hormone LH produced by the pituitary gland. LH stimulates the testicles to produce testosterone. Testicular atrophy caused by steroid use can be prevented by taking hCG, a drug which mimics the effect of LH. However, hCG will simply address the symptoms. Endogenious levels of anabolic androgenic steroids will remain the cause, and testicular atrophy will continue until the male body regains homeostasis. It is unclear how long hCG can be administered to a male on anabolic androgenic steroids before desensitization occurs. See also Orchitis References reflist External links http www.tabexperts.com TesticularAtrophy.htm Following Inguinal Hernia repair med sign stub Category Male reproductive system de Hodenatrophie pt Atrofia testicular ... more details
Infobox disease Name Olivopontocerebellar atrophy ICD10 ICD10 G 23 8 g 20 ref http www.nzhis.govt.nz publications newsletters coders36.pdf ref ICD9 ICD9 333.0 ICDO Image Gray707.png Caption Sagittal section through right cerebellar hemisphere. The right olive has also been cut sagitally. OMIM MedlinePlus 000758 eMedicineSubj neuro eMedicineTopic 282 DiseasesDB 2012 DiseasesDB mult DiseasesDB2 9208 MeshID D009849 Olivopontocerebellar atrophy OPCA is a term used to define neuronal degeneration in the cerebellum , pontine nuclei , and inferior olivary nucleus . The use of the term has changed considerably in recent years due to the progressing knowledge of the genetic basis of the disease. The term was originally coined by Joseph Jules Dejerine and Andr Thomas . ref WhoNamedIt synd 1903 Dejerine Thomas atrophy ref ref J. J. Dejerine, A. Thomas. L atrophie olivo ponto c r belleuse. Nouvelle iconographie de la Salp tri re, Paris, 1900, 13 330 370. 1912, 25 223 250. ref Current uses of the term The term olivopontocerebellar atrophy currently applies only to two hereditary disorders whose genetic basis remains unknown class wikitable Number OMIM Alt. name Inheritance OPCA type 2 OMIM2 258300 Fickler ref Fickler, A. Klinische und pathologisch anatomische Beitraege zu den Erkrankungen des ... cerebellar atrophy and our conceptions of neo and palaio cerebellum. Schweiz. Arch. Neurol. Psychiat ... atrophy extended to both the sporadic non hereditary cases of the disease, which have been currently reclassified as a form of multiple system atrophy , ref http www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov entrez query.fcgi?db mesh&cmd search&term multiple system atrophy MeSH Result Bot generated title ref ... GPnotebook 113967058 olivopontocerebellar atrophy GPnotebook 429195218 lethal olivopontocerebellar atrophy NINDS opca http www.alyshia.com opca about.html OPCA Awareness CNS diseases of the nervous system DEFAULTSORT Olivopontocerebellar Atrophy Category Neurological disorders ja pl Zanik ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2011 Infobox disease Name Cerebral degeneration ICD9 ICD9 331.9 Cerebral atrophy is a common feature of many of the diseases that affect the brain . Atrophy of any tissue means loss of cells. In brain tissue, atrophy describes a loss of neuron s and the connections between them. Atrophy can be generalized, which means that all of the brain has shrunk or it can be focal, affecting only a limited area of the brain and resulting in a decrease of the functions that area of the brain controls. If the cerebral hemispheres the two lobes of the brain that form the cerebrum are affected, conscious thought and voluntary processes may be impaired. Associated diseases and disorders The pattern and rate of progression of cerebral atrophy depends on the disease involved. Diseases that cause cerebral atrophy include stroke and traumatic brain injury Alzheimer s disease , Pick s disease , senile dementia , Frontotemporal dementia fronto temporal dementia , and vascular dementia cerebral palsy , in which lesions damaged areas may impair motor coordination Huntington s disease , and other genetic disorders that cause build up of toxic levels of proteins in neurons leukodystrophies, such as Krabbe disease , which destroy the myelin sheath that protects axon s mitochondrial encephalomyopathies, such as Kearns Sayre syndrome , which interfere with the basic functions of neurons multiple sclerosis , which causes inflammation, myelin damage, and lesions in cerebral tissue infectious diseases , such as encephalitis , neurosyphilis , and AIDS , in which an infectious agent or the inflammatory reaction to it destroys neurons and their axons epilepsy , in which lesions cause abnormal electrochemical discharges that result in seizures Anorexia nervosa Symptoms Many diseases that cause cerebral atrophy are associated with dementia, seizure s, and a group of language disorders ... system DEFAULTSORT Cerebral Atrophy Category Gross pathology de Hirnatrophie ta ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians Name Atrophy Img Img capt Img size Landscape Background group or band Alias Origin Tucson, Arizona , USA Genre Thrash metal Years active 1986&ndash 1990 Label Roadrunner Records Roadrunner Associated acts URL http www.roadrunnerrecords.com theVault artist.aspx?artist id 102841 Roadrunner Records Archive Current members Past members James Gulotta br Tim Kelly br Chris Lykins br Rick Skowron br Brian Zimmerman Notable instruments Atrophy was a thrash metal band formed in Tucson, Arizona , USA by Chris Lykins, James Gulotta, and Brian Zimmerman. The original bandname was Heresy, but by the time the band was rounded out to its professional line up &ndash with Tim Kelly and Rick Skowron joining the fold &ndash the name was changed. In 1987, the band produced two cassette demos and were subsequently picked up by major thrash metal specialist label, Roadrunner Records . They recorded two albums &ndash Socialized Hate in 1988, and Violent By Nature in 1990 &ndash and toured the USA and Europe with fellow Arizonans Sacred Reich and Switzerland Swiss band, Coroner band Coroner . Following the European tour, Chris Lykins left the band to go to medical school. The band attempted to carry on with new members and even got so far as making a pre production tape for a third album, but Roadrunner Records lost confidence in the band &ndash Chris Lykins was one of the main songwriters &ndash and they were dropped by the label as a consequence. ref http www.metalwhore.com main index.php?option com content&task view&id 135&Itemid 58 ref Tim Kelly and James Gulotta went on to form a band called Head Circus, which Rick Skowron is also a member ... 102841 Atrophy at Roadrunner Records DEFAULTSORT Atrophy Category Musical groups established in 1986 ... 1990s music groups Category Musical groups from Tucson, Arizona US metal band stub de Atrophy it Atrophy nl Atrophy ... more details
Multiple issues orphan February 2009 unreferenced November 2008 unreferenced May 2009 Steroid atrophy is a side effect of the use of topical steroid s. It can be seen with other changes associated with chronic topical steroid use, including tinea incognito fungus of the skin , steroid induced telengiectasia, steroid induced acne or rosacea, and steroid induced skin fragility. Long term use of an oral or systemic steroid can also cause skin fragility, although not as evident as topical steroid under occlusion. Cause The prolonged used of a topical steroid, especially under occlusion on the face, or body fold. Steroid atrophy can occur on any body surfaces, but the groin, buttock crease, face, arm pits, breast folds, and body folds are most commonly affected. Strong topical steroid Class I, or fluorinated steroids can induce the condition very quickly, while a weaker steroid Class V and below can induce it slowly over time. A favorite combination product that often can cause steroid atrophy is Lotrisone topical betamethasone dipropionate with clotrimazole . Dermatophytes often are seen growing in the presence of this combination, especially in the groin. The topical steroid allows the fungus to grow, even in the presence of an effective antifungal . Other similar combinations are marketed including triamcinolone and clotrimazole , but are less likely to cause steroid atrophy if used correctly. Findings The skin appear to be shiny, thin, and lacking surface markings. Easy bruising is noted. Blood vessel s can be seen easily through the near transparent skin. Associated inflammatory ane like lesions, and over growth of skin fungus tinea corpora or Jock itch tinea cruris can often be seen as elevated red borders. Treatment Stop the offending topical steroid. Wean to a weaker topical steroid in a protective base like petroleum jelly . Use a topical antifungal cream to control any dermatophytes present. Unfortunately, if prolonged used of a strong topical steroid in a thin ... more details
Context date October 2009 The Muscular lacuna Latin lacuna musculorum is the lateral compartment beneath the inguinal ligament , for the passage of the iliopsoas muscle and femoral nerve it is separated by the iliopectineal arch from the vascular lacuna . Category Muscular system anatomy stub Muscles of abdomen Muscles of lower limb ... more details
vertebrae and the cervical vertebrae lateral sacral artery posterior branch of spinal nerve extends ... the direction of the cerebellum of the brain. This allows for complex muscular coordination with little ... and formation of ATP in muscle System and organs muscular system Category Muscular system als Muskulatur ar ay Janchi kamana br Reizhiad kigennel ca Sistema muscular cs Pohybov soustava cy System gyhyrol de Muskulatur dv el es Sistema muscular eu Gihar sistema fr Syst me musculaire gl Sistema muscular hi id Sistem otot is V vakerfi it Sistema muscolare he jv Sistem otot no Muskelsystem pl Uk ad mi niowy pt Sistema muscular ro Sistemul muscular ru sq Sistemi muskulor sk Pohybov s stava sr tl Sistemang ... more details
File Dexter Jackson IFBB 2008 Australia 3.jpg thumb A most muscular pose. The Most Muscular is a common bodybuilding pose, often used to highlight as much of a contestant s muscle repertoire as possible by demonstrating the maximum mass of muscle to the judging panel. All front facing muscles should be showcased since the contestant forces their hands together at the same time as contracting the pectoralis major muscle pectorals , obliques, deltoid muscle anterior deltoids , biceps , forearm s and abdominals . The quadriceps muscle quadriceps and calf muscle calves should also be flexed if at all possible. External links wiktionary most muscular http www.bodybuilding.com fun bbinfo.php?page PosingandFlexing Bodybuilding.com Posing and Flexing Category Bodybuilding ... more details
Infobox disease Name Muscular Dystrophy Image Caption DiseasesDB ICD10 ICD10 G 71 0 g 70 ICD9 ICD9 359.0 ... Disability Muscular dystrophy abbreviated MD refers to a group of hereditary muscle diseases that weakens ... resources factsheets medical conditions factsheets duchenne.html Muscular Dystrophy Campaign Retrieved 9 April 2007. ref Muscular dystrophies are characterized by progressive skeletal muscle weakness ... . ref cite journal author Emery AE title The muscular dystrophies journal Lancet volume 359 issue ... Duchenne s muscular dystrophy Duchenne , Becker s muscular dystrophy Becker , limb girdle muscular dystrophy limb girdle , Congenital muscular dystrophy congenital , Facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy facioscapulohumeral , Myotonic muscular dystrophy myotonic , Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy oculopharyngeal , Distal muscular dystrophy distal , and Emery Dreifuss muscular dystrophy Emery Dreifuss are always classified as muscular dystrophy ref name 2006 report to Congress http www.ninds.nih.gov ... of Health ref but there are more than 100 diseases in total with similarities to muscular ... which now carries his name Duchenne muscular dystrophy . It soon became evident that the disease ... date July 2007 Signs and symptoms Main symptoms include Progressive muscular wasting Poor balance ... Few or none of these symptoms may be present before diagnosis. Some types of muscular dystrophy ... 2010 These conditions are inherited, and the different muscular dystrophies follow various inheritance patterns. The main cause of Duchenne and Becker types of muscular dystrophy is the inability to properly create the protein dystrophin. Diagnosis The diagnosis of muscular dystrophy is based on the results ... determine the type of muscular dystrophy. Specific muscle groups are affected by different types of muscular dystrophy. Often, there is a loss of muscle mass wasting , which may be hard to see because some types of muscular dystrophy cause a build up of fat and connective tissue that makes ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Image que lengua.jpg thumb right The tongue is a muscular hydrostat . A muscular hydrostat is a biological structure found in animal s. It is used to manipulate items including food or to move its host about and consists mainly of muscle s with no skeletal support. It performs its hydraulics hydraulic movement without fluid in a separate compartment, as in a hydrostatic skeleton . The principle behind the hydrostatic skeleton is that water is effectively incompressible at physiology physiological pressures. Thus, a fiber wound chamber full of water will act as a constant volume system. What makes the muscular hydrostat unique is that it relies on the same principle, but there is no water filled cavity. Instead, the bulk of the organ is made up of muscle, which also has constant volume and is effectively incompressible, its main material being water. Thus, instead of a cylinder wrapped with muscle and connective tissue that changes its shape, a muscular hydrostat is a cylinder made of muscle. Name origin Muscular hydrostat is a term coined by Dr. William M. Kier in 1982 to characterize the arms of octopuses and the arms and tentacles of squid. In a paper published in 1985, he showed that other organs, such as mammal and reptile tongues, and elephant trunks, fit in the category as well, although a difference worth noting is that while octopus es have no endo or exoskeleton, the genioglossus muscle of the human tongue does originate from a bony prominence. Common muscular hydrostats Whole bodies of many worm s. Foot Feet of mollusk s, which became cephalopod arm Arm s and tentacle s of cephalopod s such as nautiloid s, octopus es, squid s. Tongue s of animals. Trunks of elephant s. Echinoderm tube feet Leg extension in spider s is powered by hydrostatic pressure of the hemolymph generated by body muscles. DEFAULTSORT Muscular Hydrostat Category Animal anatomy Category Biomechanics ... more details
Infobox Anatomy Name PAGENAME Latin tunica muscularis GraySubject GrayPage Image Ens.png Caption LAYERS Muscular layer includes the 2nd through 4th layers BR Serous membrane serosa BR Muscular coat longitudinal muscle BR Auerbach s plexus myenteric plexus BR Muscular coat circular muscle BR Submucous plexus submucosal plexus BR Submucosa submucosal BR Mucous membrane mucosal Image2 Gray1134.png Caption2 Transverse section of ureter . System MeshName MeshNumber DorlandsPre t 22 DorlandsSuf 12832129 The muscular coat muscular layer , muscular fibers , muscularis propria , muscularis externa is a region of muscle in many organs in the vertebrate body, adjacent to the submucosa membrane. It is responsible for gut movement such as peristalsis . It usually has two distinct layers of smooth muscle inner and circular outer and longitudinal However, there are some exceptions to this pattern. In the stomach and colon, there are three layers to the muscularis externa. In the upper esophagus , part of the externa is skeletal muscle , rather than smooth muscle. The inner layer of the muscularis externa forms a sphincter at two locations of the alimentary canal in the pyloric stomach , it forms the pyloric sphincter in the anal canal , it forms the anal sphincter Additional images gallery Image Illu ureters wall.jpg Wall of the ureter. Image Illu stomach layers.jpg Layers of stomach wall. Image Gray1033.png Section of the human esophagus . Moderately magnified. Image Gray1058.png Section of duodenum of cat. X 60. Image Gray1141.png Vertical section of bladder wall. gallery External links eMedicineDictionary muscular layer http science.nhmccd.edu BioL urinary bladder2.htm Histology at nhmccd.edu BiowebUW APLab Table of Contents Lab 12 Colon 1 Colon 1e colon 1e.html Muscularis externa of the colon BiowebUW zoolab Table of Contents Lab 1b Cross section of the small int Smooth muscle layers smooth muscle layers.htm Smooth muscle layers of the gut OklahomaHistology 52 05 Duodenum UCDa ... more details
Infobox Magazine title Muscular Development Deleted image removed Image MDlogo.JPG deletable image caption 1 Saturday, 3 November 2007 image size 200px image caption Muscular Development logo. editor flagicon USA David Zinczenko editor title John Romano frequency 12 times a year circulation category bodybuilding company publisher firstdate 1964 country United Kingdom , United States language English language English website http www.musculardevelopment.com Official Website issn Image Victor Martinez.jpeg thumb right Victor Martinez on the cover of Muscular Development magazine Muscular Development is an USA American fitness and bodybuilding magazine first published in 1964. It was founded by Bob Hoffman Bob Hoffman athlete, nutritionist, weightlifter, coach and philanthropist was born on a farm in Tifton, Georgia on Nov 9th 1898. His family stock was good. Bob was never the seven stone weakling claimed by other physical culturists. His father was a large strong man who liked to demonstrate the hardness of his tensed muscles. Given this it his easy to see how Bob was influenced in his formative years. When Bob was 5 years old the family moved to Wilkinsburg near Pittsburgh where his athletic career started from a very young age. He was an exceptional athlete especially in aquatic sports his favorite being canoeing. The First World War saw Bob as a hero. He gained 3 Croix de Guerres with two palms and a Silver Star from France. From Belgium he was awarded The Belgian Order of Leopold ... . ref name MD Romania http www.muscular.ro aboutus index.php?lng en Muscular Development Romanian ... owned by Twinlab . In 2001 Twinlab sold Muscular Development to Steve Blechman who then resigned from Twinlab. ref name getbig.com http www.getbig.com magazine musdev musdev.htm Muscular Development , getbig.com, accessed January 17, 2007. ref Muscular Development is also currently published in Romania . ref name MD Romania Muscular Development focuses on bodybuilding and nutrition science ... more details
This article was auto generated by User Polbot . Taxobox name Muscular Salamander image status NT status system IUCN3.1 regnum Animalia phylum Chordata classis Amphibia ordo Caudata familia Plethodontidae genus Pseudoeurycea species P. papenfussi binomial Pseudoeurycea papenfussi binomial authority https www.esm.harvard.edu faculty hanken public html documents Parra Olea 20et 20al 202005 20Copeia.pdf Parra Olea, Garc a Par s, Hanken & Wake, 2005 synonyms The Muscular Salamander or Salamandra Escaladora Pseudoeurycea papenfussi is a species of salamander in the Plethodontidae family. It is Endemism endemic to Mexico . Its natural habitat s are subtropical or tropical dry forest s and rocky areas. It is threatened by habitat loss . Source Hanken, J. & Wake, D. 2006. http www.iucnredlist.org search details.php 61910 all Pseudoeurycea papenfussi . http www.iucnredlist.org 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 23 July 2007. Category Fauna of Mexico Category Pseudoeurycea Plethodontidae stub es Pseudoeurycea papenfussi fr Pseudoeurycea papenfussi pt Pseudoeurycea papenfussi vi Muscular Salamander ... more details
Muscular defense is a medical reflex reflex of the abdominal muscles to contract upon mechanical force to the abdomen , and serves as protection. It is a visceromotor reflex , since the parietal peritoneum and viscera are involved in generating the reflex. ref A. V. Livshits. http www.springerlink.com content j30v03187pw54801 The receptor field of reflex contraction of the muscles of the anterior abdominal wall in man . Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine . Volume 57, Number 4 April, 1964 ref References reflist Category Abdomen medicine stub de Abwehrspannung ... more details
Original research date February 2011 Muscular liberalism is a form of liberalism advocated by United Kingdom British Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Prime Minister David Cameron that describes his policy towards state multiculturalism . The aim of the policy is to build a national identity to prevent people turning to all kinds of extremism as state multiculturalism failed in integration of societies with the beliefs, policies, and values of host country. ref cite news title State multiculturalism has failed, says David Cameron author url http www.bbc.co.uk news uk politics 12371994 newspaper BBC News date 5 February 2011 accessdate 11 February 2011 ref Cameron coined the term in a speech in Munich on 5 February 2011. According to David Cameron , Under the doctrine of state multiculturalism, we have encouraged different cultures to live separate lives, apart from each other and apart from the mainstream. We ve failed to provide a vision of society to which they feel they want to belong. ref cite news title Muslims must embrace our British values, David Cameron says author url http www.telegraph.co.uk news newstopics politics david cameron 8305346 Muslims must embrace our British values David Cameron says.html newspaper Daily Telegraph date 5 February 2011 accessdate 11 February 2011 ref Critics and speculators believe muscular liberalism will be the new ism which United Kingdom Britain will follow to tackle growing religious terrorism and extremism, subsequently adapted by all ... 6674168 cameron signs up to muscular liberalism.thtml Cameron signs up to muscular liberalism ref ref http www.spectator.co.uk coffeehouse 6674168 cameron signs up to muscular liberalism.thtml David ... extremist activists through Muscular Liberalism. Muscular Ban preachers of hate from coming to the host ... suggest that muscular liberalism is not in fact liberal because liberalism holds that the good society ... allows differentiated parties to live as they see fit. In the case of muscular liberalism, there would ... more details
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