In molecular biology and bioinformatics , a SNParray is a type of DNA microarray which is used to detect Polymorphism biology polymorphisms within a population. A single nucleotide polymorphism SNP , a variation at a single site in DNA , is the most frequent type of variation in the genome. For example, there are around 10 million SNPs that have been identified in the human genome ref Sherry ST, Ward ... of SNParray are the same as the DNA microarray. These are the convergence of DNA hybridization ... components of the SNP arrays are The array that contains immobilized nucleic acid sequences ... to design the probes. Each SNP on the array is interrogated with different probes. Depending on the purpose of experiments, the amount of SNPs present on an array is considered. Applications An SNParray is a useful tool to study the whole genome . The most important application of SNParray is in determining .... The combination of SNP maps and high density SNParray allows the use of SNPs as the markers for Mendelian ... who share a common allele or even a single individual. sn A SNParray can also be used to generate a virtual karyotype using software to determine the copy number of each SNP on the array and then align the SNPs in chromosomal order. In addition, SNParray can be used for studying the loss ... or deletions, SNParray has the additional advantage of detecting copy number neutral LOH due to uniparental ... density SNParray to detect LOH allows identification of pattern of allelic imbalance with potential prognostic and diagnostic utilities. This usage of SNParray has a huge potential in cancer diagnostics as LOH is a prominent characteristic of most human cancers. Recent studies based on the SNParray ... polymorphisms that together create a unique DNA sequence, SNP based genetic linkage analysis could ... wide copy number profiling on high density BAC, SNP and oligonucleotide microarrays a platform comparison ... searches for Mendelian disease loci can be efficiently conducted using high density SNP genotyping ... more details
wiktionary SNP tocright SNP may refer to Companies Standard & Poor s , a financial ratings company Sinopec s China Petroleum and Chemical Corporation , New York Stock Exchange ticker symbol Science Single nucleotide polymorphism , a DNA sequence variation Sodium nitroprusside , a peripheral vasodilator Sentinel node procedure in oncological surgery, see Sentinel lymph node Solar neutrino problem , a major problem in astrophysics that was solved in 2002 Politics Scottish National Party , a political party campaigning for Scottish independence Seychelles National Party , a liberal political party in the Seychelles Socijalisti ka narodna partija Crne Gore , the Socialist People s Party of Montenegro , a political party in Montenegro, and its predecessor, Socijalisti ki narodni pokret Crne Gore Computing Scalable Networking Pack , Adds new features to Windows Server 2003 SNP file format , a Microsoft Access file SnP File Format, a Touchstone file format for n port S parameters Secure Network Programming API , an application programming interface for Transport Layer Security SNP complexity , a complexity class also known as Strict NP Places State Nature Preserve , see Kentucky State Nature Preserves Commission Shenandoah National Park , Virginia, USA SNP Stadium , a multi use stadium in Bansk Bystrica, Slovakia Srpsko narodno pozori te , the Serbian National Theatre Others Seminonparametric , a statistical estimation technique Slovensk n rodn povstanie , the Slovak National Uprising Social networking potential , a coefficient used in marketing research Special Needs Plan , a Medicare Advantage plan The Sunday Night Project , a British television show disambig cs SNP de SNP es SNP fa SNP fr SNP ko SNP it SNP nl SNP ja SNP pl SNP sv SNP vi SNP zh SNP ... more details
An array is a systematic arrangement of objects, usually in rows and columns. Specifically, it may refer ... at run time, including Array data structure , an arrangement of items at equally spaced addresses in computer memory Array data type , used in a programming language to specify a variable that can be indexed Associative array , an abstract data structure model that generalizes arrays to arbitrary indices or various kinds of the above, such as Bit array or bit vector Dynamic array , allocated at run time Parallel array of records, with each field stored as a separate array Sparse array , with most elements omitted, to store a sparse matrix Variable length array Jagged array , where the rows have different lengths individually or various related concepts Vector processor Array processor , a computer to process arrays of data not to be confused with a processor arrayArray programming , using matrix algebra notation in programs not the same as array processing Array slicing , the extraction of sub arrays of an array or also Global Arrays , a library for parallel processing Intel Array Visualizer , a piece of scientific graphics software In mathematics and statistics An array or matrix mathematics e.g. a Monge array , a Costas array A standard array in coding theory In statistics, arrays are a name for some kinds of Category Experimental design Intersection array a concept of category theory The thinned array curse or sparse array curse, a theorem about elecromagnetic waves In technology ... array, such as a phased array , a tower array , etc. A speaker array, used to produce directional Sound Asynchronous array of simple processors Ball grid array , pin grid array , and land grid array , ways to connect integrated circuits Cache Array Routing Protocol CARP Color filter array , placed over an imaging array Disk array , such as the RAID Field emitter array , an electron source Gate array , including a field programmable gate array FPGA Halbach array , an arrangement of magnets ... more details
contain both alleles and be heterozygous. SNP microarrays In SNParray high density oligonucleotide SNP arrays , hundreds of thousands of probes are arrayed on a small chip, allowing for many SNPs to be interrogated simultaneously Rapley & Harbron 2004 . Because SNP alleles only differ in one nucleotide and because it is difficult to achieve optimal hybridization conditions for all probes on the array .... Nat Rev Genet . 2 12 930 42. Affymetrix 2007 Genome Wide Human SNPArray 5.0. online Address http ...SNP genotyping is the measurement of genetic variation of single nucleotide polymorphism s SNPs between ... generally. SNPs are one of the most common types of genetic variation. A SNP is a single base pair mutation ... range of SNP genotyping methods. This article provides an overview of the major strategies for interrogating ... SNPs by hybridizing complementary DNA probes to the SNP site. The challenge of this approach is reducing ... hybridization Image SNP Dash 1updated.png thumbnail 100px right Dynamic allele specific hybridization .... A SNP will result in a lower than expected Tm Howell et al. 1999 . Because DASH genotyping ... design and performance conditions. Molecular beacons Image SNP Molecularprobe 1.png right SNP detection ... state and no fluorescence will be observed, as the fluorophore remains quenched. Image SNP Molecularprobe ... by using several redundant probes to interrogate each SNP. Probes are designed to have the SNP site in several different locations as well as containing mismatches to the SNP allele. By comparing the differential ... that can be interrogated is a major benefit. The Affymetrix Human SNP 5.0 GeneChip performs a genome ... high fidelity SNP genotyping methods. Restriction fragment length polymorphism Restriction fragment length polymorphism RFLP is considered to be the simplest and earliest method to detect SNPs. SNP RFLP ... primer pairs overlap at a SNP location but each match perfectly to only one of the possible SNPs ... will produce product but not to the alternative allele with a different SNP. The two primer pairs ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Infobox stadium name SNP Stadium image location Bansk Bystrica , Slovakia coordinates coord 48 43 55.01 N 19 07 53.41 E region SK BC type landmark display inline,title broke ground opened closed former names capacity 10,000 tenants FK Dukla Bansk Bystrica The SNP Stadium lang sk tadi n SNP is a multi purpose stadium in Bansk Bystrica , Slovakia . It is currently used mostly for Association football football matches and is the home ground of FK Dukla Bansk Bystrica . The stadium has a capacity of 10,000, with 7,380 seats. DEFAULTSORT Snp Stadium Category FK Dukla Bansk Bystrica Category Football venues in Slovakia Category Multi purpose stadiums Slovakia sports venue stub cs tadi n SNP pl tadi n SNP sk tadi n SNP ... more details
unreferenced date March 2010 Y SNP is a single nucleotide polymorphism on the Y chromosome . Y SNPs are often used in paternal genealogical DNA test ing. SNP markers A single nucleotide polymorphism SNP is a change to a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence . The relative mutation rate for an SNP is extremely low. This makes them ideal for marking the history of the human genetic tree. SNPs are named with a letter code and a number. The letter indicates the lab or research team that discovered the SNP. The number indicates the order in which it was discovered. For example M173 is the 173rd SNP documented by the Human Population Genetics Laboratory at Stanford University , which uses the letter M. See also Mt SNP Short tandem repeat Haplogroup Haplotype Genealogical DNA test Category Single nucleotide polymorphisms ... more details
unreferenced date March 2010 mt SNP is a single nucleotide polymorphism on the Mitochondrial DNA mitochondrial chromosome . mt SNPs are often used in maternal genealogical DNA test ing. SNP markers A single nucleotide polymorphism SNP is a change to a single nucleotide in a DNA sequence . The relative mutation rate for an SNP is extremely low. This makes them ideal for marking the history of the human genetic tree. SNPs are named with a letter code and a number. The letter indicates the lab or research team that discovered the SNP. The number indicates the order in which it was discovered. For example M173 is the 173rd SNP, documented by the Human Population Genetics Laboratory at Stanford University , which uses the letter M. See also Y SNP Single nucleotide polymorphism Short tandem repeat Haplogroup Haplotype Genealogical DNA test Category Single nucleotide polymorphisms ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A tag SNP is a representative single nucleotide polymorphism SNP in a region of the genome with high linkage disequilibrium the non random association of alleles at two or more loci . It is possible to identify genetic variation without genotyping every SNP in a chromosome chromosomal region. Tag SNPs are useful in whole genome SNP association studies in which hundreds of thousands of SNPs across the entire genome are genotyped. For this reason, the International HapMap Project hopes to use tag SNPs to discover genes responsible for certain disorders. See also International HapMap Project Genealogical DNA test DEFAULTSORT Tag Snp Category Population genetics ... more details
Unreferenced auto yes date December 2009 The gradualist viewpoint within the Scottish National Party SNP is the idea that Scottish independence can be won by the accumulation by the Scottish Parliament of powers that the UK Parliament currently has over a protracted period of time. It is also a philosophy that emphasises the election of an SNP government should bring about trust in the Scottish people in the ability of Scotland to govern herself, thus bringing increased support for independence. Gradualism comes from the Parti Qu b cois strategy for the independence of Quebec , tapisme . Citation needed date April 2010 Gradualism stands in opposition to the so called SNP Fundamentalist fundamentalist point of view that would stress the SNP s support of independence more, and appear to have coined the term fundamentalist too. Critics of gradualism maintain that it allows the UK parliament to dictate Scotland s status, rather than allowing people in Scotland itself to self determination self determine . Most political commentators today acknowledge that the current SNP leadership is by and large of the gradualist mould. Citation needed date April 2010 See also SNP Fundamentalist Scottish independence Scottish National Party DEFAULTSORT Snp Gradualist Category Scottish National Party Scotland poli stub ... more details
unreferenced date January 2011 Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 The fundamentalist ideology within the Scottish National Party SNP is the belief that the SNP should emphasise its policy of Scottish independence more widely in order to achieve it. The argument goes that if the SNP is unprepared to argue for its central policy then it is unlikely ever to persuade the public of its worthiness. Many fundamentalists including Jim Sillars were extremely wary of supporting the establishment of the devolved Scottish Parliament as they believed it had been designed to limit the aspirations of those who desire independence. Sillars used his column in The Sun newspaper The Sun to make clear such concerns and accordingly advised people to abstain from voting in the 1997 referendum which endorsed the principle of devolution. See also Pur et dur , a member of a similar wing of the pro independence Parti Qu b cois DEFAULTSORT Snp Fundamentalist Category Politics of Scotland Category Scottish National Party Scotland poli stub ... more details
In computational complexity theory , SNP from Strict NP is a complexity class containing a limited subset of NP complexity NP based on its logical characterization in terms of graph theory graph theoretical properties. It forms the basis for the definition of the class MaxSNP of optimization problem s. One characterization of the complexity class NP complexity NP , shown by Ronald Fagin in 1974 and related to Fagin s theorem , is that it is the set of problems that can be reduced to properties of graph mathematics graph s expressible in existential second order logic . This logic allows universal &forall and existential &exist quantification over vertices, but only existential quantification over sets of vertices and relations between vertices. SNP retains existential quantification over sets and relations, but only permits universal quantification over vertices. SNP contains k SAT, the boolean satisfiability problem SAT where the formula is restricted to conjunctive normal form and to at most k literals per clause, where k is fixed. MaxSNP Suppose there is a problem in SNP characterized by a formula of the form &exist A p A where A is some set or relation and p is a first order predicate that can use it. One can define a corresponding optimization problem to find the relation or set that maximizes the number of tuples or elements, respectively, that satisfy the predicate p . The class of all such function problem s is called MaxSNP sub 0 sub and was defined by Christos Papadimitriou and Mihalis Yannakakis in their 1988 paper Optimization, approximation, and complexity classes. Papadimitriou and Yannakakis go on to complete this class by defining MaxSNP , the class of all problems with an L reduction linear reduction , not log space reduction to problems in MaxSNP sub 0 sub , and show that it has a natural complete complexity complete problem given an instance of 3CNFSAT ... SNP S snp CZoo MaxSNP M maxsnp CZoo MaxSNP sub 0 sub M maxsnp0 Category Complexity classes ... more details
In experiments in which additional factors are not likely to interact with any of the other factors, a saturated array can be used. In a saturated matrix mathematics array , a controllable design of experiments factor is substituted for the interaction of two or more by products. Using a saturated array, a two factor test matrix could be used to test three factors. Using the saturated array allows three factors to be tested in four tests rather than in eight, as would be required by a standard orthogonality orthogonal array. statistics stub Category Design of experiments ... more details
orphan date December 2008 For the DVD magazine, see Array DVD magazine Deleted image removed Image ARRAY magazine.jpg right 150px ARRAY Magazine is a New York based interior design, lifestyle and culture quarterly magazine sponsored by the New York Design Center . It has been published since the winter of 2003 2004. With 40,000 readers, ARRAY is geared toward interior design professionals and their clients. External links http www.arrayny.com ARRAY Homepage Category Interior design Category Quarterly magazines Category Media in New York City Category Publications established in 2003 Category Magazines published in New York art mag stub hu ARRAY Magazine ... more details
multiple issues confusing January 2010 notability January 2010 unreferenced January 2010 orphan July 2010 wikify January 2011 Control Array mostly used in Visual Basic is the collection of controls that programmer put it in form VB Form . Control array is always a single dimensional array . Control array is that you can add or delete array elements at run time. With some controls, it is very useful to define control arrays it depends on the application. Control arrays are a convenient way to handle groups of controls that perform a similar function. All of the events available to the single control are still available to the array of controls, the only difference being an argument indicating the index of the selected array element is passed to the event. Hence, instead of writing individual procedures for each control i.e. not using control arrays , you only have to write one procedure for each array. Category BASIC programming language family ... more details
File Aerial antenna.JPG thumb right 250px A multiband US television reception antenna Antenna array may refer to an Interferometry interferometric array of radio telescope s used in radio astronomy a phased array , also known as a smart antenna , an electronically steerable directional antenna typically used in Radar and in wireless communication systems, in view to achieve beamforming , multiple input and multiple output MIMO communication or space time coding See below An antenna array is a group of isotropic radiators such that the currents running through them are of different amplitudes and phases. ref name antenna array These are radiators of EM frequency and energy. Antenna arrays are the solution to the problem defined as the limitations of operating a single antenna. ref name antenna array An example of the problem is that although a dipole antenna allows for better control of direction ... radiators. ref name antenna array There are a few different general types of antenna arrays. When the array is arranged in a straight line this is called a linear array . ref name antenna array Antennas arranged in parallel lines on one plane has a plane array in two dimensions. ref name antenna array Many planes in a group of arrays or antennas results in a three dimensional array . An antenna array may consist of a group of isotropic omni directional radiators. Or, the array may have a group of radiators that are identical. ref name antenna array In a group of identical radiators all the antennas must be share the same orientation in space. ref name antenna array The same orientation results ... orientation ensures polarization in the same direction in space. ref name antenna array cite book ...&pg PA396&dq antenna array v onepage&q antenna 20array&f false isbn 8122404685 ref The gain of an antenna array is typically proportional to the number of individual antennas, but is limited to how accurately they can be phased together for example in a phased array . The loss due to phase ... more details
In MIMO communication systems, array gain means a power gain of transmitted signals that is achieved by using multiple antennas at transmitter and or receiver, with respect to Single Input and Single Output SISO case. It can be simply called power gain . In a broadside array, the array gain is almost exactly proportional to the length of the array. This is the almost always the case provided that the elements of the antenna are not spaced to a point at which large radiation side lobs form in other directions and that the array length exceeds one or two wavlenegths. ref http www.smeter.net daily facts 12 fact5.php ref References reflist See also Diversity gain Category Antennas radio electronics stub ... more details
Array processing is signal processing of the outputs of an array of sensor s to Enhance the signal to interference plus noise ratio SINR compared to that of a single sensor using conventional or adaptive beamforming . Determine the number of emitting sources, the locations of these sources, their waveforms , and other signal parameters. Track multiple moving sources. Array processing is used in radar , sonar , seismic exploration, anti jamming and wireless communications. One of the main advantages of using array processing along with an array of sensors is a smaller foot print. The problems associated with array processing include the number of sources used, their direction of arrival direction of arrivals , and their signal waveforms . ref Torlak, M. http users.ece.utexas.edu bevans courses ee381k lectures 13 Array Processing lecture13 lecture13.pdf Spatial Array Processing . Signal and Image Processing Seminar. University of Texas at Austin. ref See also Phased Array Space Time Adaptive Processing References reflist cite book title Array Signal Processing last1 Johnson first1 D. H. last2 Dudgeon first2 D. E. year 1993 publisher Prentice Hall cite book first1 H. L. last1 Van Trees title Optimum Array Processing publisher Wiley location New York year 2002 cite journal first1 H. last1 Krim first2 M. last2 Viberg url http www.vissta.ncsu.edu publications ahk spm1996.pdf title Two Decades of Array Signal Processing Research journal IEEE Signal Processing Magazine pages 67 94 month July year 1996 accessdate 8 December 2010 S. Haykin and K.J.R. Liu Editors , Handbook on Array Processing and Sensor Networks , Adaptive and Learning Systems for Signal Processing, Communications, and Control Series, 2010. E. Tuncer and B. Friedlander Editors , Classical and Modern Direction of Arrival Estimation , Academic Press, 2010. A.B. Gershman, http www.nts.tu darmstadt.de nt fileadmin nas lehre SS 08 PS Smart Antennas slides proj sem.pdf array processing courseware DEFAULTSORT Array Processing ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 A sensor array is a set of several sensors used to gather information. Usually the sensors and sensed phenomenon are both directional in nature, but this isn t always the case. Sometimes the data varies by position but not by direction. DEFAULTSORT Sensor Array Category Sensors Electronics stub ... more details
In computer science , a sparse array is an Array data structure array in which most of the elements have the same value known as the default value usually 0 or nullable type null . A naive implementation of an array may allocate space for the entire array, but in the case where there are few non default values, this implementation is inefficient. Typically the algorithm used instead of an ordinary array is determined by other known features or statistical features of the array, for instance if the sparsity is known in advance, or if the elements are arranged according to some function e.g. occur in blocks . As an example, a spreadsheet containing 100 100 mostly empty cells might be more efficiently stored as a linked list rather than an array containing ten thousand array elements. A heap malloc memory allocator inside a program might choose to store regions of blank space inside a linked list rather than storing all of the allocated regions in, say a bit array . so what? blank space is not an indexed array sparse or not , indeed See also Sparse matrix External links http boost.org libs numeric ublas doc vector sparse.htm Boost sparse vector class http portal.acm.org citation.cfm?id 1363086&jmp cit&coll GUIDE&dl GUIDE Rodolphe Buda, Two Dimensional Aggregation Procedure An Alternative to the Matrix Algebraic Algorithm , Computational Economics , 31 4 , May, pp.397 408, 2008. Category Arrays datastructure stub ru ... more details
A Commission of Array was a Letters patent commission given by England English royalty to officers or gentry in a given territory to muster and array the inhabitants and to see them in a condition for war, or to put soldier s of a country in a condition for military service. The term arrayers is used in some ancient English statutes, for an officer who had a Commission of Array. Commissions of array developed from the ancient obligation of all free men to defend their country. Commissioners were usually experienced soldiers, appointed by the crown to array able bodied men from each shire. By the time of the Wars of the Roses conscript levies were less important than troops raised by indenture. Though obsolete by the 17th century, the system was revived by Charles I of England Charles I in 1642 in opposition to the 1641 Militia Ordinance that gave Parliament of England Parliament control of raising troops in order to muster a Cavalier Royalist army at the onset of the English Civil War . See also Arrayer Posse comitatus common law Posse comitatus References 1828 Webster s Dictionary 1728 http digicoll.library.wisc.edu cgi bin HistSciTech HistSciTech idx?type turn&entity HistSciTech000900240187&isize L DEFAULTSORT Commission Of Array Category English Civil War Category Military history of the United Kingdom Category Command staff occupations England stub Mil hist stub UK hist stub th ... more details
In computer architecture , a systolic array is a pipe network arrangement of processing units called ... array is composed of matrix like rows of data processing units called cells. Data processing units ... , ref The Paracel GeneMatcher series of systolic array processors do have a program counter. More complicated .... The systolic array is often rectangular where data flows across the array between neighbour ... the ports of the array are generated by auto sequencing memory units, ASMs. Each ASM includes ... math matrix is fed in a row at a time from the top of the array and is passed down the array, the other matrix is fed in a column at a time from the left hand side of the array and passes from left ... column. At this point, the result of the multiplication is stored in the array and can now be output a row or a column at a time, flowing down or across the array. Systolic arrays are arrays of DPUs ... a sequence of operations on data that flows between them. Because the traditional systolic array ... wavefront arrays . One well known systolic array is Carnegie Mellon University s iWarp processor, which has been manufactured by Intel. An iWarp system has a linear array processor connected by data buses going in both directions. History The systolic array paradigm, data stream driven by data ... driven by a program counter. Because a systolic array usually sends and receives multiple data streams ... is math y ... a n x a n 1 x a n 2 x a n 3 x ... a 1 x a 0 math A linear systolic array in which ... to build Super Systolic Array The super systolic array is a generalization of the systolic array ... Kress has introduced the generalized systolic array the super systolic array. Its application is not restricted ... version of the super systolic array. More information about the background may be obtained from the articles about Systolic array, Reconfigurable Computing , Configware Compiler , super systolic array and Configware Software Co Compilation Configware Software Co Compiler . Because of the wide ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Context date October 2009 A processor array is like a storage array but contains and manages processing elements instead of storage elements. The processor array should have the following characteristics Should support forty or more processing elements blades per chassis The chassis should support the use of commodity motherboard s The chassis should only backplane power and management capabilities to extend the life of the chassis and reduce chassis change costs Will provide end to end redundant power Each processing element should support two or more redundant virtualized I O connections Category Computer hardware Category Fault tolerant computer systems tech stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 A macrocell array is an approach to the design and manufacture of Application specific integrated circuit ASIC s. Essentially, it is a small step up from the otherwise similar gate array , but rather than being a prefabricated array of simple logic gates, the macrocell array is a prefabricated array of higher level logic functions such as Flip flop electronics flip flop s, Arithmetic logic unit ALU functions, Hardware register register s, and the like. These logic functions are simply placed at regular predefined positions and manufactured on a wafer electronics wafer , usually called master slice . Creation of a circuit with a specified function is accomplished by adding metal interconnects to the chips on the master slice late in the manufacturing process, allowing the function of the chip to be customised as desired. Macrocell array master slices are usually prefabricated and stockpiled in large quantities regardless of customer orders. The fabrication according to the individual customer specifications may be finished in a shorter time compared with standard cell or full custom design. The macrocell array approach reduces the Photomask mask costs since fewer custom masks need to be produced. In addition manufacturing test tooling lead time and costs are reduced since the same test fixtures may be used for all macrocell array products manufactured on the same die manufacturing die size. Drawbacks are somewhat low density and performance than other approaches to ASIC design. However this style is often a viable approach for low production volumes. DEFAULTSORT Macrocell Array Category Gate arrays es Matriz de macroc lulas ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 An extrachromosomal array is a method for mosaic analysis in genetics . It is a cosmid , and contains two functioning wild type closely linked genes a gene of interest and a mosaic marker . Such an array is injected into germ line cells, which already contain mutant specifically, loss of function alleles of all three genes in their chromosome chromosomal DNA . The cosmid, which is not packed correctly during mitosis , is occasionally present in only one daughter cell following cell division. The daughter cell containing the array expresses the gene of interest the cell lacking the array does not. The mosaic marker is a gene which exhibits a visible phenotype change between the functioning and non functioning alleles. For example, ncl 1 , located in chromosomal DNA, exhibits a larger nucleolus than the wild type allele, which is in the array. Thus, cells which exhibit larger nucleoli have usually not retained the extrachromosomal array. The gene of interest is the target of the mosaic analysis. Cells lacking the extrachromosomal array also lack the functional gene of interest. Cells which develop normally without the array do not require the gene of interest for normal function. Cells which do not develop normally are said to require the gene. In this way, those cell lineages which require a specific gene can be identified. Extrachromosomal arrays replace an earlier technique involving a duplicated piece of chromosome called a free duplication . The latter technique required that the gene of interest and the mosaic marker be closely linked on the duplication the former allows free choice of mosaic marker and target gene. References Miller LM, Waring DA, Kim SK 1996 . Mosaic analysis using a ncl 1 extrachromosomal array reveals that lin 31 acts in the Pn.p cells during Caenorhabditis elegans vulval development. Genetics 143 3 1181 1191. Category Genetics genetics stub ... more details
In computer science , a dynamic array , growable array , resizable array , dynamic table , or array list ... array is not the same thing as a dynamic memory allocation dynamically allocated array , which is a fixed size Array data structure array whose size is fixed when the array is allocated, although a dynamic array may use such a fixed size array as a back end. ref name java util ArrayList See, for example ... and capacity The simplest dynamic array is constructed by allocating a fixed size array and then dividing it into two parts the first stores the elements of the dynamic array and the second is reserved, or unused. We can then add or remove elements at the end of the dynamic array in constant time ... array contents is its logical size or size , while the size of the underlying array is called the dynamic array s capacity , which is the maximum possible logical size. In applications where the logical size is bounded, this data structure suffices. Resizing the underlying array is an expensive operation, typically involving copying the entire contents of the array. Geometric expansion ... form a geometric progression . Expanding the array by any constant proportion ensures that inserting ... align right class wikitable Linked br list Array data structure Array Dynamic br array Indexing ... ddffdd 0 style background ffdddd n div The dynamic array has performance similar to an array ... cache performance Inserting or deleting an element in the middle of the array linear time Inserting or deleting an element at the end of the array constant amortized time Dynamic arrays benefit from ... to find contiguous space for a large dynamic array, whereas linked lists do not require the whole ... deque implementations use Deque Implementations array deques , which allow amortized constant time ... ref presented a dynamic array algorithm called Tiered Vectors that provided O n sup 1 2 sup performance for order preserving insertions or deletions from the middle of the array. Hashed array tree ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
