wiktionary TOCright Phase or phases may refer to In science In materials science Phase , a region of a material ... by a distinct interface. A phase may contain one or more components. In chemistry Phase , a physically distinctive form of matter, such as a solid, liquid, gas or plasma. A phase of matter ... phases, such as an oil phase and an aqueous phase. As the definition of phase we can say that phase ... Phase matter , a physically distinctive form of a substance, such as the solid, liquid, and gaseous states of ordinary matter Phase transition is the transformation of a thermodynamic system from one phase to another Phase separation science Mobile phase and stationary phase chemistry Stationary phase in chromatography Aqueous phase and organic phase in liquid liquid extraction Phase waves ... alternating current electric power in multiple conducting wires with definite phase offsets Single phase electric power Three phase electric power Three phase , the mathematics of three phase electric power Phase problem , the loss of information the phase from a physical measurement Phase factor ... representing the phase of one sinusoidal component Instantaneous phase , generalization for both cyclic and non cyclic phenomena In other sciences Archaeological phase , a discrete period of occupation at an archaeological site Lunar phase , the appearance of the Moon as viewed from the Earth Planetary phase , the appearance of the illuminated section of a planet In biology, a part of the cell cycle in which cells divide and reproduce Color phase , in biology, a group of individuals within a species with a particular coloration In entertainment Phase band , an alternative rock band ... .hack , fictional monsters in the .hack franchise Phase IV , a 1974 science fiction movie directed by Saul Bass Phase, an incarnation of the DC Comics character usually known as Phantom Girl Other uses Phase syntax , a syntactic domain hypothesized by Noam Chomsky Phase 10 , a card game created ... more details
Refimprove date December 2010 S phase synthesis phase is the part of the cell cycle in which DNA is DNA replication replicated , occurring between G1 phase G sub 1 sub phase and G2 phase G sub 2 sub phase . Precise and accurate DNA replication is necessary to prevent genetic abnormalities which often lead to cell death or disease. Due to the importance, the regulatory pathways that govern this event in eukaryotes are highly conserved. This conservation makes the study of S phase in model organisms such as Xenopus laevis embryos and budding yeast relevant to higher organisms. S Phase Regulation The G1 S transition is a major checkpoint in the regulation of the cell cycle . Depending on levels of nutrients, energy and external factors, cells must decide to enter the cell cycle or move into a non dividing state known as G0 phase . This transition, as with all of the major checkpoint transitions in the cell cycle, is signaled by cyclins and cyclin dependent kinase CDKs . The pulse of G1 S cyclins causes CLN3 Cdk1 to activate Cln1 2, Start point yeast as well as Clb5 6 at the initiation of S phase. This pathway contains 2 positive feedback loops, allowing for rapid, unidirectional movement into S phase. Redundant pathways like this are not uncommon because they allow for tuning the output of the system and often lead to faster genetic evolution. ref name Bell Bell, S.P. and Dutta, A. DNA replication in eukaryotic cells. Annu.Rev.Biochem. 2002,71 333 374. ref DNA Replication The major event in S phase is DNA replication . The goal of this process is to create exactly two identical ... replication complexes onto the DNA at replication origins during G1 phase which are dismantled in S phase .... ref DNA Damage Damage to DNA is detected and fixed during S phase. When the replication fork comes ... during DNA replication. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 2005, 17 568 575. ref See also S phase index SPI S fraction or S phase fraction oncology pathology prognosis Cell cycle References reflist DEFAULTSORT S Phase ... more details
Phase I may refer to clinical trial Phase I Phase I of a clinical trial in medicine Phase I reaction s in drug metabolism Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Phase 1 bar Phase One The Danish camera equipment company. See also Phase disambiguation disambig ... more details
The term stationary phase may refer to Stationary phase biology , a phase in bacterial growth Stationary phase chemistry , a medium used in chromatography Stationary phase approximation in the evaluation of integrals in mathematics mathdab es Fase estacionaria ... more details
Phase 1 may refer to Clinical trial Phase I Phase I of a clinical trial in medicine Phase I reaction s in drug metabolism Phase I Environmental Site Assessment Phase 1 bar Phase One The Danish camera equipment company. See also Phase disambiguation disambiguation it Phase One nl Phase One ... more details
Summary Information Description Comparison of digital holographic microscopy DHM phase shift left and a phase contrast microscopy right . Source I User Egelberg Egelberg User talk Egelberg talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 17 29, 11 September 2010 UTC Author User Egelberg Egelberg User talk Egelberg talk other versions Licensing self cc by sa 3.0 ... more details
Phase II may refer to clinical trial Phase II Phase II clinical trial Star Trek Phase II , a planned Star Trek television series that eventually evolved into Star Trek The Motion Picture . Star Trek Phase II fan series a fan made series of films based on the original Star Trek series Phase II drug metabolism Phase II, an alias used by the house outfit Blaze band Blaze PHASE 2 , graffiti artist Wikipedia Phase II software Phase II software which run Wikipedia in early 2002 disambig Long comment to avoid being listed on short pages ... more details
Phase perturbation is the shifting, from whatever cause, in the phase waves phase of an electronics electronic Signalling telecommunication signal . The shifting is often quite rapid, and may appear to be random or cyclic. The phase departure in phase perturbation usually is larger, but less rapid, than in Jitter phase jitter . Phase perturbation may be expressed in degrees, with any cyclic component expressed in hertz . References FS1037C MS188 Category Telecommunications terms Telecomm term stub ... more details
Phase 5 may refer to Phase5 , a hardware manufacturer for the Amiga computer Deployment phase 5 , a final deployment phase of a U.S. Marine Corps reconnaissance force Pandemic phase 5 , the second highest level of a pandemic alert disambig ... more details
Reverse phase RP refer to Reversed phase chromatography , any chromatographic method that uses a non polar stationary phase Reverse phase protein lysate microarray , a micro cell lysate dot blot that allows measurement of protein expression levels disambiguation ... more details
other uses In the context of vectors and Phasor electronics phasors , the term phase angle refers to the angular component of the polar coordinate representation. The notation math A ang theta, math for a vector with magnitude or amplitude A and phase angle , is called angle notation . In the context of periodic phenomena, such as a Sine wave wave , phase angle is synonymous with Phase waves phase . See also Phasor sine waves Phase waves External links http www.sengpielaudio.com calculator timedelayphase.htm Calculation of phase angle phase difference from time delay time of arrival ITD and frequency Connection between phase, phase angle, frequency, and time of arrival delay FS1037C DEFAULTSORT Phase Angle Category Angle Category Wave mechanics ar de Phasenverschiebung fr D phasage lv F u nob de pl K t fazowy ru fi Vaihekulma th tr Faz a s ... more details
Unreferenced date October 2009 In signal processing and electrical engineering , phase response is the relationship between the phase waves phase of a sinusoid al input and the output signal information theory signal passing through any device that accepts input and produces an output signal, such as an amplifier or a filter signal processing filter . Amplifiers, filters, and other devices are often categorized by their amplitude and or phase response. The amplitude response is the ratio of output amplitude to input, usually a function of the frequency. Similarly, phase response is the phase of the output with the input as reference. The input is defined as zero phase. A phase response is not limited to lying between 0 and 360 , as phase can accumulate to any amount of time. See also Group delay and phase delay DEFAULTSORT Phase Response Category Trigonometry Category Wave mechanics Category Signal processing Tech stub de Phasengang pl Charakterystyka fazowa ru sv Fasg ng uk ... more details
In signal processing , phase distortion or phase frequency distortion is distortion that occurs when a a filter s phase response is not linear over the frequency range of interest, that is, the Phase waves phase shift introduced by a electrical network circuit or device is not directly proportional to frequency, or b the zero frequency intercept of the phase frequency characteristic is not 0 or an integral multiple of 2 radians. See also Audio system measurements References FS1037C MS188 Noise Category Electrical parameters physics stub ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 The Acute phase of an injury is the period of time in between when the injury is sustained, and the beginning of the sub acute phase . Depending on the severity of injury, and the age and health of the patient, this phase can take up to four or five days. The acute phase is characterised by some or all of the following immediate pain , tenderness, swelling, inflammation and oedema , contour deformity, bleeding , and loss of normal function of the injured area. See also Acute phase protein DEFAULTSORT Acute Phase Category Injuries ... more details
A phase converter is a device that converts electric power provided as Single phase electric power single phase to Polyphase system multiple phase or vice versa. The majority of phase converters are used to produce three phase electric power from a single phase source, thus allowing the operation of three phase equipment at a site that only has single phase electrical service. Phase converters are used where three phase service is not available from the utility, or is too costly to install due to a remote location. A utility will generally charge a higher fee for a three phase service because of the extra ... Three phase induction motors may operate adequately on an unbalanced supply if not heavily loaded. This allows various imperfect techniques to be used. A single phase motor can drive a three phase generator, which will produce a high quality three phase source but with high cost for apparatus. Several methods exist to run three phase motors from a single phase supply, these can in general be classified as Electronic means of creating three phase where the incoming power is rectified, and the three phase power is synthesized with electronics. Power electronic devices directly produce a three phase waveform from single phase power, using a rectifier and inverter electrical inverter combination. This also offers the advantage of variable frequency. A digital phase converter uses a rectifier ... phase source to create three phase power. Unlike a phase converting VFD, it cannot vary ... of the single phase supply. It does have the advantage of a sine wave output voltage and excellent voltage balance between the phases. Rotary phase converter s constructed from a three phase electric ... phase balance and power factor. This is a two motor solution. One motor is not connected to a load and produces the three phase power, the second motor driving the load runs on the power produced ... of the legs of the three phase motor. Current is sometimes injected into the third leg with a capacitor ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 Image horn antenna apparent phase center.png frame In horn and other directional antennas, the apparent phase center is used since radiation is only emitted at certain angles . In antenna electronics antenna design theory, the phase center is the point from which the electromagnetic radiation spreads spherically outward, with the phase of the signal being equal at any point on the sphere. Apparent phase center is used to describe the phase center in a limited section of the radiation pattern . DEFAULTSORT Phase Center Category Antennas Telecomm stub de Phasenzentrum ... more details
Phase curve may refer to Phase curve astronomy is the brightness of a reflecting body as a function of its phase angle. Phase response curve is the relationship between the timing and the effect of a treatment designed to affect circadian rhythms. Phase diagram is a type of chart used to show conditions at which thermodynamically distinct phases can occur at equilibrium. Phase angle astronomy is the angle between the light incident onto an observed object and the light reflected from the object. Phase separation is the state when two or more distinct phases co exist within the same thermodynamic system. Disambig ... more details
Linear phase is a property of a filter signal processing filter , where the phase response of the filter is a linear function of frequency , excluding the possibility of wraps at math pm pi math . In a causal system , perfect linear phase can be achieved with a discrete time Finite Impulse Response FIR filter. Linear phase system has the property of the true time delay . Since a linear phase or Linear phase Generalized linear phase generalized linear phase filter has constant group delay , all frequency components have equal delay times. That is, there is no distortion due to the time delay of frequencies relative to one another in many applications, this constant group delay is advantageous. By contrast, a filter with non linear phase has a group delay that varies with frequency, resulting in phase distortion . Some examples of linear and non linear phase filters are given below. The plots below represent the phase response as a function of frequency in radians math w math . Image Phase Plots.svg Generalized linear phase Systems with generalized linear phase have an additional frequency independent constant added to the phase. Because of this constant, the phase of the system is not a strictly linear function of frequency, but it retains many of the useful properties of linear phase systems. ref Oppenheim & Schafer first edition, chapter 5 ref See also Minimum phase References reflist Category Electronics terms Category Digital signal processing signal processing stub ... more details
A phase line may refer to Phase line mathematics , used to analysis Autonomous system mathematics autonomous ordinary differential equation s Phase line cartography , used to identify phases of military operations or changing borders over time disambig ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 The premycotic phase is a phase of mycosis fungoides in which a patient has areas of red, scaly , itchy skin on areas of the body that are usually not exposed to sun. This is early phase mycosis fungoides, but it is hard to diagnose the rash as mycosis fungoides during this phase. The premycotic phase may last from months to decades. External links http www.cancer.gov Templates db alpha.aspx?CdrID 439417 Premycotic phase entry in the public domain NCI Dictionary of Cancer Terms NCI cancer dict Category Lymphoid related cutaneous conditions Med stub ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2011 A Phase in combat is usually a period within a military operation of a longer duration that is a part of a serial chain of logically connected activities planned to culminate in a defined Objective military objective or goal. A phase is usually marked by achievement of significant intermediary objective s, such as Tactical objective tactical within an Engagement military engagement . A phase may be either limited by time allocated for its execution, or unlimited in time, and defined only by achievement of the objective. At the Strategy strategic level, a phase continue for years. Not all phases of combat include fighting between armed forces . Phases can, and usually do overlap, and sometimes can be planned for parallel execution, often as part of deception plan ning. Phases typically found in Offensive military offensive military operations are Preparation br Intelligence information gathering Intelligence gathering phase ref Also known as reconnaissance ref Operations planning phase Logistics Management Logistics management phase Deception and Counter intelligence counterintelligence phase Assembly phase Conduct Initial combat assault phase Breakthrough military Breakthrough phase Exploitation military Exploitation br Follow on support phase Pursuit combat Pursuit phase Objective security phase Position consolidation phase Defense military Defensive phase Reorganisation phase A lull in combat usually unplanned Stability Enable civil authorities Citations and notes reflist References mil stub Category Military theory Category Military strategy Category Military tactics ... more details
A phase vocoder is a type of vocoder which can Scaling geometry scale both the frequency and time domain s of audio signals by using Phase waves phase information. The computer algorithm allows frequency domain modifications to a digital sound file typically Audio timescale pitch modification time expansion compression and pitch shifting . At the heart of the phase vocoder is the short time Fourier transform STFT , typically coded using fast Fourier transform s. The STFT converts a time domain representation of sound into a time frequency representation the analysis phase , allowing modifications to the amplitudes or phases of specific frequency components of the sound, before resynthesis of the frequency domain representation into the time domain by the inverse STFT. The time scale of the resynthesis does not have to be the same as the time scale of the analysis, allowing for high quality ... to be in phase, this method results in an audible phase smearing effect, especially on transients. Similar to phase dispersion . Fact date April 2008 Many other methods have been developed that mix aspects of the phase vocoder with other methods, to produce similar effects while maintaining phase coherence ... ref Use in music British composer Trevor Wishart used phase vocoder analyses and transformations ... composer Roger Reynolds uses the phase vocoder to perform time stretching of flute sounds. ref Serra ... in commercial music production, is based on the phase vocoder principle. Citation needed date December 2009 References reflist See also wikibooks MATLAB Programming Phase Vocoder and Encoder Phase ... jens pvoc dolson.par The Phase Vocoder A Tutorial A good description of the phase vocoder http www.ee.columbia.edu dpwe papers LaroD99 pvoc.pdf New Phase Vocoder Techniques for Pitch Shifting, Harmonizing ... A new Approach to Transient Processing in the Phase Vocoder http www.guitarpitchshifter.com algorithm.html 33 Phase Vocoder Phase vocoder description with figures and equations http decabear.com ... more details
Absolute phase refers to the phase waves phase of a waveform relative to some standard strictly speaking, phase is always relative . To the extent that this standard is accepted by all parties, one can speak of an absolute phase in a particular field of application. High fidelity In the realm of high fidelity reproduction of music, absolute phase refers the phase of the reproduced sound waves relative to the original sound waves, or to the relative phase of the various channels of stereo or multi channel reproduction. In most cases, it is actually a question of the polarity of the channels, i.e., an equal phase shift of 180 at all frequencies. Some audiophile s claim ref http www.gcaudio.com resources howtos absolutephase.html ref that reversing the polarities of all the channels simultaneously makes a perceptible difference in the sound quality, even though the relative phases of all the channels are preserved. Power electronics When dealing with power electronics , the phase of the voltage and current at various points in the system relative to one another are important. If the points of interest are widely separated in space, it is difficult to measure the relative phase. To solve this problem, the phase of the signals relative to absolute time UTC is measured using instruments relying on GPS . Comparison of two absolute phases in this sense allows the relative phase of distant signals to be computed. Ref http 64.233.179.104 search?q cache jvTG0D1EGaoJ www.arbiter.com ftp datasheets 1133a absolute phase.pdf absolute phase&hl de ref Signal processing In signal processing a pulse signal processing pulse or finite wavetrain can be considered as a signal of a single frequency ... frequencies. In the first capicture, it is a question of the relative phase of the component frequencies. For examples of physical effects due to the phase of signals with the same power spectrum. ref cite journal author Paulus GG, Grasbon F, Walther H, et al. title Absolute phase phenomena ... more details
Moorehead Phase Moorehead Phase Cahokia An archaeological phase of the Cahokia and environs from years 1200 1275 CE. Moorehead Phase of the Laurentian Tradition or the Moorehead burial tradition The Red Paint People , who used large quantities of ochre, normally red, to cover both bodies and grave goods, 3000 BCE and 1000 BCE. dab ... more details
Phase retrieval concerns the solution to the phase problem . Given a complex signal math F k math , of amplitude math F k math , and phase math phi k math math F k F k e i phi k math , phase retrieval consists in finding the phase that for a measured amplitude satisfies a set of constraints. For example if math F k math is the Fourier transform of math f x math , a typical constraint would be that math f x math is a bounded real and positive function. The most important application of phase retrieval is X ray crystallography , awarded of several Nobel prize s. See also Phase problem Crystallography X ray crystallography Physics stub Category Crystallography pt Recupera o de fase ... more details
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