For the genus of metalmark butterflies Rodinia butterfly File SnowballSimulations.jpg thumb 275px Computer ... , Rodinia from the Russian language Russian a, rodina , meaning motherland is the name of a supercontinent ... plate tectonic reconstructions , Rodinia existed between 1100 and 750 million years ago ... orogens implications for a pre Rodinia supercontinent journal Earth Science Reviews volume 59 pages ... and breakup journal Earth Science Reviews volume 67 pages 91 123 accessdate 2007 01 08 ref Rodinia ... the exact configuration and geodynamics geodynamic history of Rodinia. paleomagnetism Paleomagnetic ... triggered by the breaking up of Rodinia. Geodynamics Paleogeographic reconstructions The idea that a supercontinent ... that orogen s of this age exist on virtually all craton s. ref Dewey & Burke 1973 the name Rodinia was first ... orogeny see Wingrave et al. 2003 ref Though the configuration of the core cratons in Rodinia is now ... the uncertainties by collecting geological and paleomagnetical data. Rodinia s landmass was probably ... title Rodinia publisher Palaeos accessdate 2006 03 10 ref Most reconstructions show Rodinia s core ... US via the Belt Supergroup , as in Sears and Price 2000 . ref name Others Rodinia of Christopher Scotese Scotese . ref Cite web url http www.scotese.com Rodinia3.htm title Rodinia publisher ... before the formation of Rodinia. Paleomagnetic and geologic data is only from the break up of Rodinia ref name Others cite web url http www.colorado.edu GeolSci Resources WUSTectonics mojavia others.html title Other Reconstructions for Rodinia based on sources for Mojavia accessdate 20 September 2010 ref onward definite enough to form reconstructions that are generally agreed on. Rodinia ... years ago. ref name Torsvik2003 Rodinia was surrounded by the superocean geologists are calling ... . Break up In contrast to Rodinia s formation, the movements of continental masses during ... and life Unlike later supercontinents, Rodinia itself was entirely barren. It existed before ... more details
Rodina Bulgarian language Bulgarian , lang ru , Motherland may refer to one of the following Rodina , a political party of Russia Mother Motherland monuments in a number of cities of former Soviet Union Rodina magazine , a Russian historical illustrated magazine Rodina class motorship , a Russian river passenger ship See also Rodinia , ancient supercontinent derived from Rodina disambig fr Rodina homonymie ru ... more details
Mirovia from Russian language Russian , mirovoy , meaning global was a hypothesized superocean which may have been a global ocean surrounding the supercontinent Rodinia in the Neoproterozoic Neoproterozoic Era , about 1 billion to 750 million years ago. ref Cite book last McMenamin first Mark A. first2 Dianna L. last2 McMenamin year 1990 chapter The Rifting of Rodinia title The Emergence of Animals publisher Columbia University Press isbn 0 231 06647 3 ref The Mirovia may be essentially identical to, or the precursor of, the hypothesized Pan African Ocean , which followed the rift ing of Rodinia. The Panthalassa proto Pacific Ocean developed in the Neoproterozoic Era by subduction at the expense of the global Mirovia ocean. ref Cite book last Powell first Christopher McA last2 Pisarevsky first2 Sergei A. chapter Rodinia to Gondwanaland Growth of the Pacific Ocean and Destruction of the Mozambique and Brazilide Oceans title GSA Conference, Earth System Processes Global Meeting June 24 28, 2001 , abstract url http gsa.confex.com gsa 2001ESP finalprogram abstract 8026.htm ref Geologic evidence suggests that the middle Neoproterozoic, the Cryogenian period, was an extreme ice age so intense that Mirovia may have been completely frozen to a depth of 2 km. This is part of the Snowball Earth hypothesis. References references Category Plate tectonics Category Historical oceans Category Russian loanwords palaeo geo stub tectonics stub de Mirovia nl Mirovoi oceaan nn Mirovia pl Mirowia ru vi Mirovia ... more details
automatic taxobox authority Bates, 1859 subdivision ranks Genera subdivision Numerous, see text. The Nymphidiini are one of the larger tribe biology tribes of metalmark butterflies family biology family Riodinidae . As numerous Riodinidae genera have not yet been unequivocally assigned to a tribe, the genus list is preliminary. The Theopina subtribe was formerly considered a distinct tribe Theopini . Selected genera div float left col begin width 75 col 1 of 2 Subtribe Nymphidiina Adelotypa Calociasma Verify source date September 2007 Caliocasma? Calospila Verify source date September 2007 Calosphila? Catocyclotis Dysmathia Hypophylla Joiceya Livendula Menander butterfly Menander Minotauros make disambiguation to Minotaur from genus page Mycastor Nymphidium Pandemos butterfly Pandemos Periplacis Rodinia butterfly Rodinia Setabis Zelotaea col 2 of 2 Subtribe Aricorina Ariconias Aricoris Subtribe Lemoniadina Juditha Lemonias Synargis Thisbe butterfly Thisbe Subtribe Theopina Archaeonympha Behemothia Calicosama Verify source date September 2007 Caliocasma? Protonymphidia Theope col end div Category Riodininae Category Nymphidiini Riodinidae stub ... more details
zones active during Rodinia assembly, although its original relations are obscured by intense ... s. Kalahari craton with Laurentia, Rodinia, and Gondwana Early Paleomagnetism paleomagnetic ... within the Rodinia supercontinent. In Laurentia, there is widespread within plate magmatism coeval with the Umkondo event, raising the possibility that the two igneous provinces were linked within Rodinia ... craton probably converged with southwestern Laurentia between 1060 and 1030 Ma to become part of the Rodinia supercontinent by 1000 Ma. In Rodinia, the Kalahari craton lay near East Antarctica with the Namaqua ... Craton in Rodinia http 72.14.253.104 search?q cache 1rUf9urzSugJ www.tsrc.uwa.edu.au data page ... collided during the assembly of Rodinia, however they could have also been just juxtaposed during ... of Rodinia. ref Hanson, R.E. 2004 Mesoproterozoic Tectonic Evolution of the Kalahari Craton Implications for Rodinia Reconstructions. Geological Society of America, 2003 Seattle Annual Meeting, Paper ... of Rodinia, generating the Kibaran Grenvillian Llano belts. This orogenic belt system extends ... to the south. ref Deschamps, Y., A.B. Kampunzu, and J.P. Milesi. 2003 Africa within Rodinia Supercontinent ... more details
for the Amberian Dawn single Arctica song Arctica was an ancient continent which formed approximately 2.5 billion years ago in the Neoarchean Era geology era . It consisted of the Canadian Shield Canadian and Siberia continent Siberian Shield geography shield s, and is now roughly situated in the Arctic around the current North Pole . Arctica joined with the continents Atlantica and Nena supercontinent Nena about one billion years ago to form the supercontinent , Rodinia . See also List of supercontinents External links Continents of the world Category Historical continents Category Archaean Category Proterozoic Category Natural history of Asia Category Natural history of North America Category Prehistory of the Arctic palaeogeography stub de Arctica Kontinent it Arctica nl Arctica geologie nn Arktika vi Arctica zh ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 The Pan African Ocean is a hypothesized paleo ocean whose closure created the supercontinent of Pannotia . ref cite book last Linnemann first Ulf coauthors R. Damian Nance, Petr Kraft, Gernold Zulauf title The Evolution of the Rheic Ocean From Avalonian Cadomian Active Margin to Alleghenian Variscan Collision publisher Geological Society of America date 2007 page 28 isbn 9780813724232 url http books.google.ca books?id dj9C VvmDwC&pg PA28 ref The ocean may have existed before the break up of a supercontinent of Rodinia . The ocean closed before the beginning of the Phanerozoic Eon, when the Panthalassa ocean expanded, and was eventually replaced by it. See also Pan African orogeny Mirovia References reflist Category Historical oceans Category Proterozoic palaeo geo stub nl Pan Afrikaanse Oceaan nn Det panafrikanske havet zh ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 South China continent , also known as South China craton , South Chinese craton , or Yangtze craton , was an ancient continent craton that contained today s Northern and southern China South and Southeast China named after , Indochina , and parts of Southeast Asia i.e. Borneo and adjacent islands . South China had been part of many past supercontinents, including Rodinia , Pannotia , Gondwana , Pangaea , Laurasia , and Eurasia . File .png thumb 250px South China craton in Russian About a billion years ago Late Proterozoic , the supercontinent, Rodinia formed. South China was part of the supercontinent. South China was bordered by Mirovia Ocean to the north, Siberia continent Siberia to the east, Australia to the west, and Laurentia to the south as shown here in the Rodinia paleogeography. 750 million years ago, Rodinia rifted and South China became an isolated continent. A hundred million years later, these fragmented pieces of continent assembled back together to create the supercontinent of Pannotia . South China collided North China and Eastern Gondwana mainly Australia . When Pannotia disintegrated 550 million years ago, South China and North China continent North China became part of and remained with Eastern Gondwana for millions of years. Late in the Silurian 175 million years later after Pannotia s disintegration , South China and North China , rifted away from Gondwana and moved across the ancient, shrinking Proto Tethys Ocean . A new ocean was forming in its southern end, Paleo Tethys Ocean . By the Late Carboniferous 300 million years ago , while North China collided with Siberia and Kazakhstania , completely closing the Proto Tethys, South China became an independent continent. For much of the Permian Period, South China remained in the tropical latitudes. And also, while most of the giant lycopods of the Carboniferous disappeared, giant lycopods remained in South China, since its isolation from ... more details
Image Pangaea.png right 200px thumb The supercontinent Pangaea surrounded by the superocean Panthalassa. A superocean is an ocean which surrounds a supercontinent . It is less commonly defined as any ocean larger than the current Pacific Ocean . ref cite book last McMenamin first Mark A. coauthors Dianna L. McMenamin title The Emergence of Animals origdate 1990 01 15 publisher Columbia University Press isbn 0 231 06647 3 ref Named global superoceans include Mirovia , which surrounded the supercontinent Rodinia , and Panthalassa , which surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea . Pannotia and Columbia supercontinent Columbia , along with landmasses before Columbia such as Ur continent Ur , were also surrounded by superoceans. As surface water moves unobstructed east to west in superoceans, it tends to warm from the exposure to sunlight so that the western edge of the ocean is warmer than the eastern. Additionally, seasonal changes in temperature, which would have been significantly more rapid inland, probably caused powerful monsoon s. In general, however, the mechanics of superoceans are not well understood. ref cite book last Martin first Ronald title One Long Experiment origdate 1998 04 08 publisher Columbia University Press isbn 0 231 10905 9 chapter Cycles and Secular Trends ref List of superoceans Expand list date August 2008 Mirovia Rodinia Pan African Ocean Pannotia Panthalassa Pangaea Mega Pacific Ocean Pangaea Ultima Super Atlantic Ocean Amasia continent Amasia Super Indian Ocean Amasia continent Amasia See also Portal box Environment Ecology Geography Weather br References references Category Historical oceans Category Plate tectonics tectonics stub palaeo geo stub es Superoc ano lv Superoke ns nl Superoceaan nn Superhav ru zh ... more details
Geological era The Mesoproterozoic Era is a geology geologic era geology era that occurred between 1600 Ma and 1000 annum Ma million years ago . The major events of this era are the formation of the Rodinia supercontinent , the breakup of the Columbia supercontinent Columbia supercontinent , and the evolution of sexual reproduction . clear External links Commonscat Mesoproterozoic http www.stratigraphy.org geowhen stages Mesoproterozoic.html GeoWhen Database Proterozoic eon Geological history c Category Geologic time scale Category Proterozoic 2 geochronology stub br Mezoproterozoeg ca Mesoproterozoic de Mesoproterozoikum et Mesoproterosoikum es Mesoproterozoico fr M soprot rozo que hr Mezoproterozoik id Mesoproterozoikum it Mesoproterozoico kk lt Mezoproterozojus hu Mezoproterozoikum nl Mesoproterozo cum ja nn Mesoproterozoikum pl Mezoproterozoik pt Mesoproterozoico ru sk Mezoproterozoikum sh Mezoproterozoik fi Mesoproterotsooinen maailmankausi sv Mesoproterozoikum vi i Trung Nguy n Sinh zh ... more details
File Siberian craton location.jpg thumb current location in Asia Siberia is the craton located in the heart of the region of Siberia . Siberia or Angaraland or simply Angara is today the Central Siberian Plateau . It is an extremely ancient craton that formed an independent continent before the Permian period. Partial history of Siberia in chronological order 2.5 billion years ago Siderian , Siberia was part of a continent of Arctica , along with the Canadian Shield 1.1 billion years ago Stenian , Siberia became part of the major supercontinent of Rodinia . 750 million years ago Cryogenian , Rodinia broke up, and Siberia became part of the minor supercontinent of Protolaurasia . 600 million years ago Ediacaran , Protolaurasia became part of the major southern supercontinent of Pannotia . 550 million years ago Ediacaran , Pannotia broke up and Protolaurasia split up and became the continents of Laurentia , Baltica , and Siberia. Cambrian , Siberia was an independent continent. Carboniferous , Siberia collided with the minor continent of Kazakhstania . Permian , Siberia, and Kazakhstania collided with Baltica , thus completing the formation of the supercontinent Pangaea . Siberian Traps formed. Jurassic , Pangaea split up into the two minor supercontinents of Gondwana and Laurasia . Cretaceous , Laurasia gradually split up into the 2 continents of North America and Eurasia . Eocene , The minor continent of India collided into Asia , generating the Himalaya . Present day, Siberia is part of the continent of Asia which is part of Eurasia . 250 million years sith, Siberia may be in the subtropical region and part of a new supercontinent of Pangaea Ultima . 400 million years sith, Pangaea Ultima may disintegrate, but Siberia may remain attached to Eurasia. External links http jan.ucc.nau.edu rcb7 paleogeographic asia.html Asia History Page detailing the history of Siberia as well as other parts of Asia. Continents of the world Category Historical continents Category Tecto ... more details
The Belt Supergroup , is an assemblage of Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks which outcrop chiefly in western Montana , but also exposed in Idaho , Washington U.S. state Washington , Wyoming , and British Columbia . It is most famous as the formation that makes up Glacier National Park U.S. Glacier National Park in northwest Montana. It has been geologically linked to the Purcell Supergroup in British Columbia and rocks of the Udzha Basin in Siberia . It was named after Belt, Montana . Characteristics The Belt Supergroup was deposited from about 1470 to 1400 million years ago and is as much as 18 km thick. It is mostly made of fine grained quartzites , argillite , carbonates , and mafic Sill geology sills . In the primary location, western Montana and northern Idaho, the Belt is divided into four groups youngest to oldest Missoula Group More fluvial deposition of sands and muds, similar to the Rivalli group but from the south Piegan Group Middle Belt Carbonate Carbonate muds alternating with lamina of clastic muds Ravalli Group Subaerial deposited sands and muds, mostly fluvial, also from the southwest Lower Belt Heterogeneous coarse to fine grained, clastic to carbonate rocks, mostly subaqueous, deep water deposition, with sediments derived from the southwest, with common mafic sills Formation It is generally believed that the Belt Supergroup was formed in a fault geology fault bounded rift basin within continental crust , and that the rocks are Lake lacustrine , or at least, not completely open marine. The basin was a part of a 1.45 Ga supercontinent that predated Rodinia . It shows evidence of these basin bounding faults on all sides, except the west, which rifted away in the breakup of Rodinia. Siberia, Australia, and Antarctica have all been theorized to contain the extension of the Belt Supergroup. Sedimentology The Belt Supergroup is known for the strange sedimentary structures it displays. ref http geology.isu.edu Digital Geology Idaho Module2 Belt SedStruct. ... more details
to the problem of piecing together what an ancient supercontinent , called Rodinia , looked like ... to theorize that about 600 800 million years ago a portion of Rodinia broke away from what is now ... of what is called Laurentia , thought by some geologists to be the core of Rodinia .This belt ... 5886 235 title A Positive Test of East Antarctica Laurentia Juxtaposition Within the Rodinia Supercontinent ... The positions of Laurentia and other landmasses in the Precambrian super continent of Rodinia ... signatures as the distinctive granites in Laurentia. See also Rodinia Antarctica supercontinent ... more details
mass was united in the supercontinent Rodinia . ref name Stanley 336 See Stanley 1999 , pp 336 337 for an overview of different reconstructions of Rodinia, see Torsvik 2003 ref Rodinia was not the first ... Rodinia supercontinent journal Earth Science Reviews volume 59 pages 125 162 accessdate 2007 01 07 ... to today s must have been active during the Proterozoic. After the break up of Rodinia about ... more details
Image Pangaea.png right 250px thumb The blue ocean surrounding Pangaea is Panthalassa Panthalassa Ancient Greek Greek , meaning all sea , also known as the Panthalassic Ocean , was the vast global ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea , during the late Paleozoic and the early Mesozoic years. It included the Pacific Ocean to the west and north and the Tethys Ocean to the southeast. It became the Pacific Ocean, following the closing of the Tethys basin and the breakup of Pangaea, which created the Atlantic Ocean Atlantic , Arctic Ocean Arctic , and Indian Ocean basins. The Panthalassic is often called the Paleo Pacific old Pacific because the Pacific Ocean evolved from it. In the map on the right, the Earth s equator was a line that roughly crossed the spot where Spain , Casablanca Morocco and Boston United States U.S. met. South of that line, the land mass is referred to as Gondwana . North of the line, it is referred to as Laurasia . Formation By 900 million years ago a triple junction formed as the supercontinent Rodinia started to rift apart. Between about 800 million and 700 million years ago, it split in half. This was one of the most significant rifting events of all time, because it opened up the Panthalassic Ocean to the west of Laurentia , a continent that became North America . In western Laurentia North America , tectonic episodes that preceded this rifting produced Aulacogen failed rift s that harbored large depositional basins in Western Laurentia. The global ocean of Mirovia , an ocean that surrounded Rodinia, started to shrink because the Pan African ocean and Panthalassa were expanding. Between 650 million and 550 million years ago, another supercontinent was forming, Pannotia , which was shaped like a V . Inside the V was Panthalassa, outside of the V was the Pan African Ocean and remnants of the Mirovia Ocean. Most of Panthalassa s oceanic basin and oceanic crust crust has been subducted under the North American plate , and the Eurasian P ... more details
Ur was a supercontinent that formed mya 3000 3 billion in the early Archean Eon geology eon the oldest continent on Earth, half a billion years older than Arctica . Ur joined with the continents Nena supercontinent Nena and Atlantica about mya 1000 1 billion to form the supercontinent Rodinia . Ur survived as a single unit until it was sundered when the supercontinent Pangaea broke apart into Laurasia and Gondwana . ref name Endeavors 1997 harvnb Zubritsky 1997 ref Ur may have been preceded by one other supercontinent, Vaalbara , which is suggested to have formed about mya 3600 3100 . ref harvnb Lerner Lerner 2003 ref Formation and breakup ref improve section date January 2011 Rocks that made up Ur are now parts of Africa , Australia continent Australia , and Indian subcontinent India . ref name Endeavors 1997 In the early period of its existence, it was probably the only continent on Earth, and is considered to be a supercontinent , even though it was probably smaller than Australia is now. When it was the only continent on Earth, all other land was in the form of small granite islands and small land masses like Kenorland that were not large enough to be continents. Timeline Unreferenced section date January 2011 3 billion years ago, Ur formed as the only continent on Earth . 2.8 billion years ago, Ur was a part of the major supercontinent Kenorland . 2 billion years ago, Ur was a part of the major supercontinent Columbia supercontinent Columbia . 1 billion years ago, Ur was a part of the major supercontinent Rodinia . 550 million years ago, Ur was a part of the major supercontinent Pannotia . 300 million years ago, Ur was a part of the major supercontinent Pangaea . 208 million years ago, Ur was torn apart into parts of Laurasia and Gondwana . 65 million years ago, the Africa n part of Ur was torn apart as part of India. Present, Ur is part of Australia and Madagascar. Notes reflist References cite web ref harv title Supercontinents editor1 last Lerner editor1 fir ... more details
Image Cratons West Gondwana.svg thumb right Approximate location of Mesoproterozoic older than 1.3 Ga cratons in South America and Africa. The S o Lu s and the Luis Alves cratonic fragments Brazil are shown, but the Arequipa Antofalla craton and some minor African cratons are not. Other versions describe the Guiana Shield separated from the Amazonian shield by a depression, and the Sahara craton as a part of this West African craton . The S o Francisco craton is located in the eastern part of South America. Outcrops in the Brazilian states of Minas Gerais and Bahia . It includes a number of different blocks of the Archean basement, separated by orogenic belts. The belts are characterized by sediment basins and passive continental margin, crossed by granite intrusions. The Paleoproterozoic about 2.5 to 2.0 Ga was the source of orogenetic belts and the current configuration of the craton. The S o Francisco craton around 1.0 Ga ago was located in the South of the supercontinent Rodinia and after the fragmentation of Rodinia in the late Proterozoic 700 Ma became a member of the supercontinent Gondwana until its fragmentation in the Jurassic about 180 Ma the opening of the Atlantic Ocean left South Africa in the Congo craton and the S o Francisco in South America. The ancient Paleoproterozoic orogenic belts of the S o Francisco craton rich rocks contain many minerals, particularly iron and gold, and are a major source of income for the mining industry in Brazil. References Cite journal doi 10.1130 0091 7613 2001 029 0319 AWGITN 2.0.CO 2 journal Geology month April year 2001 volume 29 issue 4 pages 319 322 title Assembling West Gondwana in the Neoproterozoic Clues from the S o Francisco craton region, Brazil author Fernando F. Alkmim Stephen Marshak Marco A. Fonseca Cite book title West Gondwana Pre Cenozoic Correlations Across the South Atlantic Region editors R.J. Pankhurst, R.A.J. Trouw, B.B. de Brito Neves, M.J. de Wit series Geological Societ ... more details
In geology , an aulacogen is a failed arm of a triple junction of a plate tectonics rift geology rift system. A triple junction beneath a continental plate initiates a three way breakup of the continental plate. As the continental break up develops one of the three spreading ridges typically fails or stops spreading. The resulting failed rift is called an aulacogen and becomes a filled graben within the continent. The term aulacogen is derived from the Greek aulax furrow and was suggested by the Soviet geologist Nicholas Shatski in 1946. ref http arjournals.annualreviews.org doi abs 10.1146 annurev.ea.05.050177.002103 Aulacogens and Continental Breakup ref The crust in an aulacogen region remains weakened by previous rifting activity and thus seismic activity and, occasionally, volcanic activity may re occur subsequently from time to time. As aulacogens remain places of weakness, given the appropriate conditions, they can reactivate into active rift valleys again, as had happened to the Ottawa Bonnechere Graben in Ontario and Quebec , Canada , an ancient aulacogen that reactivated during the breakup of Pangaea . The Mississippi embayment with the associated New Madrid Seismic Zone is an example of an ancient aulacogen that dates back to the breakup of the ancient continent Rodinia . This ancient rift was the site of extreme earthquakes in the early 19th century in what is now the central U.S. The Rio Grande Rift is another example. On the Southwestern European margin offshore Portugal is located another abandoned rift basin Lusitanian Basin that evolved at the same time as the Canada Canadian Grand Banks region, where the Hibernia Oil Field is located. Abandoned rift basins that have been uplifted and exposed onshore, like the Lusitanian Basin, are important analogues of deep sea basins located on conjugated margins of ancient rift axes. References reflist Category Aulacogens Geology stub de Aulakogen es Aulac geno he it Aulacogeno kk sw Aulakogen ... more details
This is a list of articles related to plate tectonics and tectonic plate s. Articles for individual plates List of tectonic plates African Plate Anatolian Plate Antarctic Plate Arabian Plate Cocos Plate Eurasian Plate Explorer Plate Farallon Plate Gorda Plate Juan de Fuca Plate Halmahera Plate Indo Australian Plate Pacific Plate Molucca Sea Plate Nazca Plate North American Plate Philippine Sea Plate South American Plate Sunda Plate Paleaocontinents Gondwana Laurasia Pangaea Panthalassa Rodinia Terrane Other articles relating to specific locations Benham Plateau Emperor Seamounts Geology of the Alps Great Rift Valley Indian subcontinent Mariana Trench Mid Atlantic Ridge Mohorovi i discontinuity Molucca Sea Collision Zone Pacific Antarctic Ridge Philippine Mobile Belt San Andreas Fault Tethys Ocean Tethys Sea Earthquakes Blind thrust earthquake Earthquake Intraplate earthquake s Interplate earthquake s Megathrust earthquake s Other plate tectonics articles Alpine Fault Asthenosphere Back arc basin Continent Continental drift Convergent boundary Crust geology Crust Divergent boundary Fault geology Island arc Isostasy List of tectonic plate interactions Mantle geology Mantle Mountain Obduction Oceanic ridge Oceanic trench Orogeny Paleoclimatology Paleomap Passive margin Ridge push Rift geology Seafloor spreading Seamount Strain Subduction Supercontinent Transform boundary Transform fault Volcano Category Geology lists Plate tectonics Category Plate tectonics Category Indexes of articles Plate tectonics topics ... more details
about a continent unreferenced date March 2008 Image Positions of ancient continents, 550 million years ago.jpg thumb right 250px Baltica in 550 mya unit mya green Baltica is a name applied by geologists to a late Proterozoic , early Palaeozoic continent that now includes the East European craton of northwestern Eurasia . Baltica was created as an entity not earlier than 1.8 billion years ago. Before this time, the three segments continents that now comprise the East European craton were in different places on the globe. Baltica existed on a tectonic plate called the Baltic Plate . Partial history 1.8 billion years ago, Baltica was part of the major supercontinent Columbia supercontinent Columbia . 1.5 billion years ago, Baltica along with Arctica and East Antarctic craton East Antarctica were part of the minor supercontinent Nena supercontinent Nena . 1.1 billion years ago, Baltica was part of the major supercontinent Rodinia . 750 million years ago, Baltica was part of the minor supercontinent Protolaurasia . 600 million years ago, Baltica was part of the major supercontinent Pannotia . Cambrian , Baltica was an independent continent. late Ordovician , Baltica collided with Avalonia most of modern Western Europe Devonian , Baltica collided against Laurentia , forming the minor supercontinent Euramerica . Permian , all major continents collided against each other to form the major supercontinent Pangaea . Jurassic , Pangaea rifted into two minor supercontinents, Laurasia and Gondwana . Baltica was part of the minor supercontinent Laurasia. Cretaceous , Baltica was part of the minor supercontinent Eurasia . Present, Baltica is part of the forming minor supercontinent Afro Eurasia . See also Baltic Shield Baltic Plate Continents of the world Category Historical continents Category Plate tectonics Category Proterozoic Category Paleozoic Category Natural history of Europe cs Baltika de Baltica Kontinent es B ltica fr Baltica it Baltica lt Baltika nl Baltica ja ... more details
The Tonian from Greek language Greek tonas , stretch is the first geologic geologic period period in the Neoproterozoic era geology Era and lasted from 1000 annum Mya to 850 Mya million years ago . Instead of being based on stratigraphy , these dates are defined by the International Commission on Stratigraphy ICS based on radiometric dating radiometric chronometry . Events leading to the breakup of supercontinent Rodinia started in this period. The first radiation of acritarch s occurred during the Tonian. References cite web title Tonian Period work GeoWhen Database url http www.stratigraphy.org geowhen stages Tonian.html accessdate January 5, 2006 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060512164244 http www.stratigraphy.org geowhen stages Tonian.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate May 12, 2006 cite journal author James G. Ogg title Status on Divisions of the International Geologic Time Scale journal Lethaia year 2004 volume 37 issue 2 pages 183&ndash 199 url http onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi 10.1080 00241160410006492 abstract doi 10.1080 00241160410006492 Proterozoic eon Geological history c Category Geologic time scale Category Proterozoic geochronology stub br Tonieg ca Toni de Tonium es Per odo T nico fr Tonien ko hr Tonij it Toniano hu Tonium nl Tonium ja nn Tonium pl Ton geologia pt Toniano ru sh Tonij vi K Tonas zh ... more details
The Stenian from Greek language Greek stenos , narrow is the final geologic geologic period period in the Mesoproterozoic era geology Era and lasted from 1200 annum Mya to 1000 Mya million years ago . Instead of being based on stratigraphy , these dates are defined chronometrically. Name derives from narrow Metamorphic rock polymetamorphic belts formed over this period. The supercontinent Rodinia assembled during the Stenian. References cite web title Stenian Period work GeoWhen Database url http www.stratigraphy.org geowhen stages Stenian.html accessdate January 5, 2006 archiveurl http web.archive.org web 20060512164255 http www.stratigraphy.org geowhen stages Stenian.html Bot retrieved archive archivedate May 12, 2006 cite journal author James G. Ogg title Status on Divisions of the International Geologic Time Scale. journal Lethaia year 2004 volume 37 issue pages 183 199 url http onlinelibrary.wiley.com doi 10.1080 00241160410006492 abstract doi 10.1080 00241160410006492 format &ndash sup http scholar.google.co.uk scholar?hl en&lr &q intitle 3AStatus on Divisions of the International Geologic Time Scale.&as publication Lethaia&as ylo 2004&as yhi 2004&btnG Search Scholar search sup Proterozoic eon Geological history c Category Geologic time scale Category Proterozoic geochronology stub br Stenieg ca Esteni de Stenium es Per odo Est nico eo Stenio fr St nien ko it Steniano nl Stenium ja nn Stenium pl Sten geologia pt Steniano ru sh Stenij vi K Stenos zh ... more details
Mark McMenamin is a professor of geology at Mount Holyoke College . His main research interests are early fossil life, particularly the Ediacaran biota . He is the author of several books, most recently The Garden of Ediacara Discovering the Earliest Complex Life and Science 101 Geology . He is credited with co naming several geological formations in Mexico, describing several new fossil genera and species, and naming the Precambrian supercontinent Rodinia . The Cambrian archeocyathid species Markocyathus clementensis was named in his honor in 1989. His work on the paleoecology of the Cambrian explosion showed that trilobites belonging to the Agnostida may have had a predatory lifestyle. McMenamin s research on the Phoenician world map helped to inspire Clive Cussler and Paul Kemprecos s 2007 novel The Navigator . Bibliography Mark A. S. McMenamin The Garden of Ediacara Discovering the Earliest Complex Life Columbia University Press New Ed edition October 15, 2000 ISBN 0 231 10559 2 Mark A. S. McMenamin and Dianna L. Schulte McMenamin The Emergence of Animals The Cambrian Breakthrough Columbia University Press January 1990 ISBN 0 231 06646 5 Mark A. S. McMenamin and Dianna L. Schulte McMenamin Hypersea Life on the Land Columbia University Press 1994 ISBN 0 231 07530 8 Mark A. S. McMenamin Carthaginian cartography A stylized exergue map Meanma Press 1996 ISBN 0 965 11361 2 Mark A. S. McMenamin Science 101 Geology Science 101 Collins June 26, 2007 ISBN 0 060 89136 X Mark A. S. McMenamin Cambrian cannibals Agnostid trilobite ethology and the earliest known case of arthropod cannibalism Geological Society of America Abstracts with Programs 2010 Vol. 42, No. 5, p. 320. DEFAULTSORT Macmenamin, Mark Category American paleontologists Category Living people US scientist stub paleontologist stub ... more details
Image Okinawa Plate map fr.png thumb right 375x375px Map of the Yangtze Plate and its neighbouring plates in French language French The Yangtze Plate , also called the South China Block or the South China Subplate, comprises the bulk of southern China . It is separated on the east from the Okinawa Plate by a rift that forms the Okinawa Trough which is a Back arc basin , on the south by the Sunda Plate and the Philippine Sea Plate , and on the north and west by the Eurasian Plate . The Longmenshan Fault on the latter border was the site of the 2008 Sichuan earthquake 2008 Wenchuan earthquake . ref name Wenchuan cause cite web url http www.cea.gov.cn manage html 8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf content 08 05 30 1212119940937.html title 8.0 Cause Analysis of the M8.0 Wenchuan earthquake date 2008 05 30 publisher China Earthquake Administration accessdate 2008 09 07 language Chinese ref The Yangtze Plate was formed by the disaggregation of Rodinia Supercontinent 750 million years ago, in the Neoproterozoic era geology era . In Triassic the Yangtze Plate collided with the North China Plate and formed the Sichuan basin . In Cenozoic the Yangtze Plate was influenced by the collision of the Indian plate Indian and Eurasian plate Eurasian plates creating the uplifting of the Longmen Mountains . ref cite news url http www.springerlink.com content fg141804n5374301 fulltext.pdf publisher Chinese Science Bulletin date 2007 11 accessdate 2009 10 04 title Formation and evolution of the Chinese marine basins author JIA ChengZao, LI BenLiang, ZHANG XingYang & LI ChuanXin ref Its southward motion is accomodated along the Red River fault . References Bird, P. 2003 An updated digital model of plate boundaries, Geochemistry Geophysics Geosystems, 4 3 , 1027, doi 10.1029 2001GC000252. http peterbird.name publications 2003 PB2002 2003 PB2002.htm reflist Tectonic plates East Asia plates Indochina plates DEFAULTSORT Yangtze Plate Category Geology lists Tectonic plates Category Tect ... more details
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