in particular. See orthopraxis for ritualism in general. more footnotes date February 2011 Portal Anglicanism Ritualism , in the history of Christianity , refers to an emphasis on the ritual s and liturgical ... associated with struggles for influence between High Church and Low Church movements. Opponents of ritualism ... 3 Defining ritualism in the Church of England and the arguments generated by it In Anglicanism , the term .... Arguments about ritualism in the Church of England were often shaped by opposing and often unannounced .... Common arguments used by some Anglicans in favour of ritualism Those who support the ritualist ... arguments used by some Anglicans against ritualism File John Charles Ryle Vanity Fair 26 March 1881.jpg thumb 150px John Charles Ryle Bishop Ryle of Liverpool a leading critic of ritualism http www.churchsociety.org ... to his tract at the bottom of this article . Those who oppose ritualism in the Church of England have ... to the Eucharist because ritualism is predicated on a belief in the Real Presence uses excessive elaborations ... in the Church of England in the 19th century Origins of ritualism in the Church of England ... The development of ritualism in the Church of England was mainly associated with what is commonly ... theological to liturgical questions is to be found in Pusey s attitude towards ritualism. Pusey, the only ... . Perception of ritualism as a threat to English identity For many who opposed ritualism, the key ... as complicated rituals whose meaning deliberately lacked transparency. The opposition to ritualism ... forms. Ritualism and Christian Socialism Although ritualism had an aesthetic and ideological .... Certainly, ritualism had an appeal for many who were politically conservatism conservative and had ... became ardent Christian Socialists . Anti ritualism and muscular Christianity In the spectrum of hostility that it aroused, ritualism also provoked in some of its opponents a reaction that saw its theatricality ... for muscular Christianity . Ritualism and the outreach of the Church of England to the unchurched ... more details
Summary Black Sheep from Punch , 18 December 1869 Archbishop Tait has a crook which reads PUBLIC WORSHIP REGULATION BILL, the black sheep have RITUALISM written on their backs, the wall is called ESTABLISHED CHURCH, and the sign post is TO ROME. Licensing PD old 100 duplicate file info otheraddress Image Tatepwra.jpg othertext big Summary big Black Sheep from Punch, 18 December 1869 Archbishop Tait has a crook which reads PUBLIC WORSHIP REGULATION BILL, the black sheep have RITUALISM written on their backs, the wall is called ESTABLISHED CHURCH, and the sign post is TO ROME. big Licensing big Template PD old end duplicate file info template ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2009 Sausthorpe also called Saucethorpe is a village in the valley of the River Lymn in the Lincolnshire Wolds , England . It is situated 3 miles from Spilsby and 137 miles from London . The parish church is dedicated to St Andrew . Fr. T. Pelham Dale Society of the Holy Cross SSC , famous for having been prosecuted and imprisoned for Ritualism Ritualist practices in 1876 and 1880 and is thus regarded as something of a martyr by Anglo Catholics , was the parish priest from 1881 1892. He is buried in the churchyard . A notable local building is Sausthorpe Hall. Coord 53.2033 N 0.0706 E display title Category Villages in Lincolnshire Category Civil parishes in Lincolnshire Lincolnshire geo stub pl Sausthorpe ... more details
Portal Christianity Thomas Pelham Dale 1821 1892 was an English Anglo Catholic Ritualism ritualist clergyman , most famous for being prosecuted and imprisoned for ritualist practices Biography Thomas Pelham Dale was born at Greenwich on 3 April 1821, was brought up in Beckenham , Kent . After attending King s College London , in 1841 Dale went up to Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge and graduated in 1845. He was elected Fellow of his college. ref Venn id DL841TP name Dale, Thomas Pelham ref He was ordained deacon in 1845 and priest in 1846. He was appointed curate of the Camden Chapel, Camberwell , Surrey . In 1847 he became Rector of St Vedast Foster Lane in the City of London . With scholarly interests that were scientific as well as theological, Dale was librarian of Sion College in the City of London from 1851 to 1858. In 1861, he, Elizabeth Ferard see 18 July in Church of England calendar , Bishop Tait and two other women founded the North London Deaconess Institution based in King s Cross, London King s Cross . Originally an Low church evangelical , Dale came to believe that ritualism was specifically appropriate to deal with the nature of secularism and forces hostile to Christianity of the time. He began to use eucharistic vestments at Christmas 1873. Opposition to Dale crystallized around his ritualism , especially after he offered locum tenens support in 1875 to the congregation of St Alban the Martyr, Holborn , whilst the Revd Alexander Heriot Mackonochie s was suspended for Ritualism Ritualist practices. In 1876 he was prosecuted under the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 . Dale was supported by the English Church Union in his prosecution by the Church Association . In the same year, he joined the Society of the Holy Cross . In December 1878 he recommenced all his former practices and another judgement against him from James Plaisted Wilde, Baron Penzance ... to put down Ritualism by law. Soon after his release Dale was presented to the living of Sausthorpe ... more details
The Church Association was an England English Evangelicalism evangelical Christian organisation, founded in 1865. It was particularly active in opposition to Anglo Catholicism , Ritualism and the Oxford Movement through publication of the Church Association Tracts and instigation of legal action under the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 against such as Sidney Faithorn Green and Richard William Enraght In 1950, it merged with the National Church League to form the Church Society . External links http www.churchsociety.org publications catracts.htm Church Association Tracts http www.churchsociety.org publications tracts CAT004 RyleRitualism.pdf The Teaching of the Ritualists not the Teaching of the Church of England , Church Association Tract 4, Rev. John Charles Ryle Category Anglican organizations Category History of the Church of England Category Organizations established in 1865 Anglican stub ... more details
Ritualism Radio Birdman publisher Divine Rites accessdate 3 November 2009 ref The Crying Sun Records ... mailorder discs 768 radio birdman ritualism jc.html publisher Citadel Records title Ritualism ... more details
About the actor James Bentley actor James Bentley 9 March 1937 26 December 2000 was an England English author and former Anglican parish priest. Bentley was born in Bolton , Lancashire , England in 1937. He worked as an Anglican parish priest and a research fellow at the University of Sussex before becoming a full time freelance author and journalist in 1982. He was married in 1961 to Audrey Darlington and died in Saumur , France in 2000. Works Ritualism and Politics in Victorian Britain Martin Niemoller Oberammergau and the Passion Play Secrets of Mount Sinai Restless Bones The Story of Relics , Constable, London, 1985 ISBN 0 09 465850 1 References reflist External links http findarticles.com p articles mi qn4158 is 20010116 ai n9666504 pg 1 Obituary Rev James Bentley The Independent DEFAULTSORT Bentley, James Category English historians Category British writers Category 1937 births Category 2000 deaths UK writer stub ... more details
In the U.S., monition refers to a summons . In English law and the canon law of the Church of England , a monition , contraction of admonition , is an court order order to a member of the clergy to do or refrain from doing a specified act. ref Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Measure 1963 , http www.uk legislation.hmso.gov.uk RevisedStatutes Acts ukcm 1963 cukcm 19630001 en 8 pt8 l1g50 art.49 1 d ref ref name Doe cite book pages 216 217 title The Legal Framework of the Church of England A Critical Study in a Comparative Context author Doe, N. year 1996 publisher Oxford University Press location Oxford url http books.google.com books?id vOJ2 grV8y4C&pg PA216&vq monition&dq bishops in foreign countries act&source gbs search r&cad 1 1&sig 9iqemkf2eJ34rGyqvtg9V0Sspxg PPA216,M1 isbn 0198262205 Google Books ref Other than a rebuke , it is the least severe censure available against clergy of the Church of England. ref name Doe Failure to observe the order is an offence law offence under the Ecclesiastical Jurisdiction Measure 1963 . ref http www.uk legislation.hmso.gov.uk RevisedStatutes Acts ukcm 1963 cukcm 19630001 en 8 pt8 l1g50 art.54 ref A monition can be imposed in person by a bishop or by an ecclesiastical court . ref name Doe Historically, monitions of a disciplinary character were used to enforce residence on a benefice , or in connection with actions to restrain allegedly unlawful ritualism ritual practices under the Public Worship Regulation Act 1874 . Disobedience to such monitions historically entailed the penalties of contempt of court . ref Anon. 1911 http www.1911encyclopedia.org Monition Monition , Encyclopaedia Britannica ref ref cite book pages pp 251 275 title Anglican Ritualism in Victorian Britain, 1830 1910 author Yates, N. year 1999 publisher Oxford University Press location Oxford isbn 0198269897 url http books.google.com books?id 55aaZGqqh6oC&pg PA244&lpg PA244&dq public worship regualtion act english church union&source web&ots Pr4Epd4hiA&sig YbPgR7F ... more details
William McGarvey 1861 1924 was a priest in the Episcopal Church United States Episcopal Church and rector of St. Elizabeth parish in Philadelphia . In 1896 he became the leader of a group known as the Companions of the Holy Savior , which was associated with St. Elizabeth parish. McGarvey had been mentored by Henry Percival along with William Walter Webb who became president of Nashotah House . During the first few years there was a close association between Nashotah and St. Elizabeth parish. In 1906 Joseph Barry took over as president of Nashotah he was an advocate of ritualism , but also anti Roman. He was suspicious of the Companions, and in 1907 a dispute arose over the open pulpit resolution. In the fallout McGarvey and many others joined the Roman Catholic Church , including 3 teachers and 5 students at Nashotah House. This resulted in a backlash against ritualism in the Episcopal Church. Bishop Charles Chapman Grafton and others helped to counter the backlash. ref The Catholic Movement in the American Episcopal Church by George DeMille pp. 100 104 ref References See Wikipedia Footnotes on how to create references using ref ref tags which will then appear here automatically Reflist Sources The Catholic Movement in the American Episcopal Church by George E. DeMille Philadelphia Church Historical Society, 1941 Impressions and Opinions by J. G. H. Barry New York 1931 William McGarvey and the Open Pulpit by E. Hawks Philadelphia, 1935 Note The reliability of this publication is suspect. External links http anglicanhistory.org usa mcgarvey index.html Project Canterbury Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Macgarvey, William ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1861 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 1924 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Macgarvey, William Category 1861 births Category 1924 deaths Category American Episcopal priests Category Converts to Roman Catholicism from Anglicanism ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Aswardby pronounced as ard bee is a few miles north west of Spilsby , Lincolnshire , England , north of the A158 road and west of the A16 road England A16 road . Fr. T. Pelham Dale Society of the Holy Cross SSC , famous for having been prosecuted and imprisoned for Ritualism Ritualist practices in 1876 and 1880 and is thus regarded as something of a martyr by Anglo Catholics , was the parish priest from 1881 1892. Aswardby Hall was built approximately 1845 and building works completed around 1910. But this dating is contested as the structure brick,bond type are not of the 1845 period it is actually Flemish bond In addition to this info , we have had confirmation that there are tree s in the gardens c300 years old, which places the original building prior to partial destruction by fire nearer the date of the construction of the church c1747. Coord 53 12 33 N 0 3 54 E display title Category Villages in Lincolnshire Category Civil parishes in Lincolnshire Lincolnshire geo stub pl Aswardby ... more details
Summary from The Daily Post Newspaper Birmingham 26th November 1880, Fr.Richard Enraght entering Warwick Prison in chains, handing a bag entitled, Paraphernalia of Ritualism to his curate Revd Warwick Elwin. The Daily Post Newspaper article of November 22nd 1880 is attached to the wall behind Fr Enraght states What is the Use ? . The prosecutions must prove futile, because the doctrines aimed at may be legally taught by ministers of the Church of England. It has been decided that baptismal regeneration may be lawfully taught it has also been decided that a real presence in the Sacrament of the Lord s Supper may also be lawfully taught. As to the assertion of a priesthood, the Prayer Book is full of it and the Low Churchmen are conscious of the difficulty of explaining it away. If then, the doctrine remains and must remain for no one seriously proposes to expunge it by legal process of what use is it to go on prosecuting and imprisoning clergymen who insist upon the use of symbols as a means of enforcing a doctrine which they may preach without legal hindrance, from one end of the year to the other? Licensing PD old 100 ... more details
Peter Gallwey born at Killarney , 13 November 1820 d. in London, 23 September 1906 was an English Jesuit priest and writer. Life He was educated at Stonyhurst College , and joined the Society of Jesus at Hodder , 7 September 1836. He was ordained priest in 1852, and professed of four vows in 1854. As prefect of studies at Stonyhurst, 1855 1857, he made improvements in the method of study. In 1857 he was sent to the Jesuit church in Farm Street , London, where except for an interval of eight years during which he held the provincialate and other offices he spent the rest of his life. Works His writings include Lectures on Ritualism 1879, two volumes Salvage from the Wreck , sermons preached at the funerals of some notable Catholics 1890 Watchers of the Passion , 1894 , a series of meditations on the Passion, embodying the substance of his retreats. References reflist Attribution Catholic wstitle Peter Gallwey The entry cites Concise Dictionary of National Biography Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME Gallwey, Peter ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 13 November 1820 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH 23 September 1906 PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Gallwey, Peter Category 1820 births Category 1906 deaths Category English Jesuits Category Old Stonyhursts UK reli bio stub ... more details
mergeto Udayana discuss Talk Udayana Merger proposal date February 2010 Intro missing date September 2009 Context date May 2009 Confusing date May 2009 Wikify date May 2009 Udayanaachaarya , Udayanacharya or Udayakara, a Brahmana logician of Mithila wrote a sub gloss on Vachaspati s work called the Nyaya vaartika taatparya tiikaa parishuddhi. He wrote several other works such as the Kusumanjali, Atma tattva viveka, Kiranaavali and Nyaya parishishhta also called Bodha siddhi or Bodha shuddhi . UdayanAchArya a tArkika n and Kumarilabhatta a mImAmsaka n . To the mImAmsakA s the Buddhist s summary rejection of Vedic ritualism was the proverbial red rag waved under the nose of a raging bull Kumarilabhatta, it can be seen, has written copiously criticising the Buddhist s distaste for Vedic ritualism He and UdayanAchArya were chiefly responsible for the failure of Buddhism to acquire a large following in the country Scholars mention here the texts of tarkapAdam of Kumarilabhatta and the bauddhadhikAram by UdayanAchAryA . Udayanaachazrya was a Hindu philosopher and Nyaya vaartika scholar from Mithila Now North Bihar . Little is known about his biography, but he is famous for many of his seminal theses on Nyaya vaartik and debate on buddhism and Vedic rituals. His birthplace is a village Kariyan in the modern Samastipur district of Bihar. References http in.jagran.yahoo.com news local bihar 4 4 5447251 1.html kariyan and Udayana Category Hindu philosophers ... more details
Wikify date April 2010 Professor Emeritus Nigel Yates 1944 2009 was Professor of Ecclesiastical History at the University of Wales, Lampeter . He was born in Swansea and died of cancer on 15 January 2009. ref cite web url http www.timeshighereducation.co.uk story.asp?storyCode 405317§ioncode 26 title Nigel Yates author Reisz, Matthew work Times Higher Education Supplement accessdate 6 September 2010 ref His wife, Paula Yates, also taught at Lampeter. Publications As Author Anglican Ritualism in Victorian Britain 1830 1910 Clarendon Press, 2000 Buildings, Faith and Worship The Liturgical Arrangement of Anglican Churches 1600 1900 Oxford University Press, 2001 The Welsh Church from Reformation to Disestablishment, 1603 1920 University of Wales Press, 2007 Liturgical Space Christian Worship and Church Buildings in Western Europe 1500 2000 Ashgate Publishing, 2008 Preaching, Word and Sacrament Scottish Church Interiors 1560 1860 T&T Clark, 2009 References reflist DEFAULTSORT Yates, Nigel Category 1944 births Category 2009 deaths Category Academics of the University of Wales, Lampeter ... more details
with the UK . See also Anglican Eucharistic theology Ritualism Julius v. The Bishop of Oxford References ... 1895 Bentley, J. 1987 Ritualism and Politics in Victorian Britain The Attempt to Legislate for Belief ... PA214&lpg PA214&dq 22mass in masquerade 22 22put down ritualism 22 disraeli&source web&ots tmYUcyJTwi&sig ... cite book pages pp 236 275 title Anglican Ritualism in Victorian Britain, 1830 1910 author Yates, N ... more details
86 isbn 978 3 1101 8175 3 ref ref cite web url http wordnet.princeton.edu perl webwn?s ritualism title Ritualism accessdate September 10, 2008 publisher Princeton University quote 1 the study of religious ... of religion is. In the case of Hinduism orthopraxy and ritualism are mixed to the point that they become ... In the case of Hinduism orthopraxy and ritualism are conflated. Emphasis on ritual vs. personal ... themselves solely to ritualism. ref cite web url http www.adf.org articles cosmology discussing pagan ... Cambridge Ritualists Ritualism Praxis Orthodox Mimamsa Kalpa ritual Notes Reflist References cite ... more details
as en rout . ref believed ritualism in worship was essential for adherence to the Church of England ... states, This attempt at suppressing Ritualism so discredited the Act in fact it created Anglo Catholic ... Bible Ritualism ref R.W. Enraght 1866 Bible Ritualism Indispensably Necessary for Puposes ... and Father of the Ritualism Catholic Revival in Brighton . ref name Crockford s Clerical Directory ... the costs of 2,096 the Court awarded against him. ref James Bentley 1978 . Ritualism & Politics in Victorian ... that supported the Public Worship Regulation Act and tried to ensure no hint of ritualism took place ... of both Primate religion Primates and many Bishop s, decided to crush ritualism in the Church of England ... Regulation Act to rid ritualism from the churches of Brighton. From the Brighton Gazette s editorial ... evidence. That amount was a fortune in the Victorian era . ref James Bentley 1978 . Ritualism ... Church of England and Ireland. It fought ritualism by legal action in many localities. William Connor ... it the Church Ass . ref Michael Reynolds 1965 Martyr of Ritualism Fr. Mackonochie pages 124 125 ref ... Yates 1999 . Anglican Ritualism in Victorian Britain 1830 1910 . page 262 Nigel Yates 1999 . Anglican Ritualism in Victorian Britain 1830 1910 . page 262 ref The Royal Commission of 1881 studied the issues ... to abandonment of the effort to repress ritualism. The ritualists acts of civil disobedience ... against ritualism. Archbishop Tait subordinated his concerns for national opinion and devoted himself ... and life in a quiet country parish in Norfolk. ref Nigel Yates 1999 . Anglican Ritualism in Victorian ... This attempt at suppressing Ritualism so discredited the Act in fact it created Anglo Catholic martyrs ... James Bentley. Ritualism & Politics in Victorian Britain Oxford Oxford University Press 1978 ISBN ... Canterbury Michael Reynolds. Martyr of Ritualism Fr. Mackonochie of St Alban s Holborn London, Faber and Faber, 1965 Nigel Yates. Anglican Ritualism in Victorian Britain 1830 1910 Oxford Oxford University ... more details
them, although their refusal was also motivated by a distaste for the ritualism of the Anglo Catholic clergy. Anglo Catholic ritualism was very close to practices in the Roman Catholic Church and included ... Church and Latitudinarian churchmen viewed ritualism, and the accompanying teaching, with horror. It was not unusual ... Ritualism Society of Catholic Priests Society of King Charles the Martyr Society of Mary Anglican ... more details
Merton s typology to fourteen, with particular interest in Innovation and Ritualism. Merton proposed ... Innovation and Value Innovation. Similarly, in Ritualism, he proposed Behavioural Ritualism and Value Ritualism Dubin, 1959 147 149 . Merton 1959 177 189 commented on Dubin s revisions, claiming that although ... more details
For the rock musician David Gilmour BLP sources date June 2008 David Gilmore born February 5, 1964 in Cambridge, Massachusetts is an American jazz guitarist. ref cite journal title Celebrating the Tension Between Art and Science last Chinen first Nate journal The New York Times date 14 January 2010 url http www.nytimes.com 2010 01 15 arts music 15dizzys.html accessdate 27 March 2010 ref Gilmore studied at New York University with Joe Lovano and Jim McNeely . In 1987 he began working professionally with the M Base Collective and Ronald Shannon Jackson . During the 1990s he was a member of Lost Tribe and appeared also Me shell N Degeocello , Monday Michiru and Tom Lang . In 1995 he became member of Wayne Shorter s band. Together with his brother Marque Gilmore , Matt Garrison and Aref Durvesh he founded Kindread Spirits CD Ritualism , 2001 . Together with Christian McBride , Jeff Tain Watts and Ravi Coltrane he recorded the CD Unified Presence . Gilmore has also worked with Wayne Shorter , Cindy Blackman , Geri Allen , Steve Coleman , Alice Coltrane , Cassandra Wilson , Tom Arnold actor Tom Arnold , Carolyn Leonhart , Don Byron , Joss Stone , Randy Brecker , trumpeter Dave Douglas trumpeter Dave Douglas , George Duke , Sam Rivers , Lenny White , Uri Caine , Zap Mama ,Chapman Stickist Derryl Thomas Holmes Notes references External links http www.davidgilmore.net Persondata NAME Gilmore, David SHORT DESCRIPTION American musician DATE OF BIRTH August 12, 1990 PLACE OF BIRTH San Diego, California , USA DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Gilmore, David Category American jazz guitarists Category 1964 births Category Living people Category People from Cambridge, Massachusetts Category New York University alumni de David Gilmore fr David Gilmore sv David Gilmore ... more details
capable preaching, the introduction of Ritualism ritualist practices and the establishment of parish ... of All Souls at St James s in 1873. Citation needed date May 2010 Prosecution for Ritualism File ... more details
Primary sources date May 2009 Portal Anglicanism Charles Walker was a liturgist and author of some seven books. He was associated with St Hugh s, Brighton , in the 1860s. The ritual reason why Walker wrote and edited two editions of the book The Ritual Reason Why 1st Edition, 1866 Second enlarged Edition, 1868 published by J.T. Hayes of 17 Henrietta Street , Covent Garden . This book was designed to give a rationale of ceremonial worship in the Church of England . Walker was moved by the conviction that much of the opposition to ritual in the Anglican Church was due to a mistaken or inadequate view of its meaning and intention. Further, he noted that Scripture itself teaches us the duty of instructing the people in the rationale of divine ceremonial the objective end of which it is that it may be a sign among us, that when our children ask what mean ye by these things, we may Answer them. Joshua 4 6 . ref name Ritual Walker, Charles 1868. The ritual reason why . London J.T. Hayes ref Other works Other publications include The Liturgy of the Church of Sarum The Services of the Church Oswald, the Young Artist a Tale for Boys inculcating the necessity of a reverential attention when assisting in the public worship A Prayer Book for the Young and Devotions on the Communion of Saints . ref name Ritual See also Ritualism Anglo Catholicism References references External links http www.archive.org details theritualreasonw00walkuoft The Ritual Reason Why DEFAULTSORT Walker, Charles Category Anglicanism Category Anglican liturgy Category Anglo Catholics Category 1868 books Category 19th century Anglicans ... more details
Portal Anglicanism Unreferenced date July 2009 Central Churchmanship describes those who adhere to the middle way in the Church of England , being neither High Church nor Low Church in their liturgical preferences. The term came into use in the late nineteenth century when traditional High Churchmen decided to distance themselves from Anglo Catholicism and Ritualism . Central Churchmen value both the official liturgies of the Church of England , which they clothe in a moderate amount of ceremonial and a characteristically Anglican way of doing theology that is rooted in the Bible, and the Councils and Creeds of the Early Church, whilst acknowledging the contribution made by the English Reformation. In their theological thinking they steer a middle course between the Anglo Catholic and Evangelical parties, both of which are perceived as being extreme by Central Churchmen. Perhaps the best known exponent of the Central Churchman position in the twentieth century was Geoffrey Francis Fisher Archishop of Canterbury 1945 61. Many other well known English Bishops including Robert Stopford , Henry Campbell , and Mervyn Haigh also favoured a Central Churchmanship approach, as a way of defusing tensions within their dioceses, and as a way of promoting a brand image for the Church of England. Since the 1970s Central Churchmanship as a distinct school of thought and practice within the Church of England has been in decline. This is mainly due to the closure or merger of some Theological Colleges that used to favour the Central position namely, Wells, Lincoln, and Tenbury Wells and a drift towards Liberalism, or Affirming Catholicism in others. Category Anglican Churchmanship Anglican stub ... more details
Encyclopedia
top
