wiktionarypar refrigerator A refrigerator is a cooling appliance comprising a thermally insulated compartment and a heat pump. Refrigerator may also refer to Refrigerator horse , an American racehorse The Refrigerator , nickname of William Perry American football born 1962 , former professional American football player The Refrigerator film a horror film See also Refrigerator Bowl , an American college football bowl game between 1948 and 1956 in Evansville, Indiana disambig ... more details
notability Films date September 2009 orphan date September 2009 unreferenced date September 2009 The Refrigerator is a 1991 horror film about a couple that move into an apartment in New York with a refrigerator that contains the portal to hell . It was filmed in the US, but only released on VHS in Germany in 1992. Plot The film opens with a couple drunk driving across the streets of New York to their apartment. They get home and make love in front of the kitchen. When the wife walks into the kitchen, the refrigerator opens up and sucks the girl in. We then go to Steve & Eileen Batemen. They are moving to New York, and they move into the same apartment with the killer refrigerator . Steve takes a new job, while Eileen is trying to become a performer . Eileen pretends to be awarding an award while in the apartment, then walks all over Broadway New York City Broadway . When Steve and Eileen go to sleep, they start having nightmares about the refrigerator, Steve is seeing mini people inside the refrigerator supposed victims . Eileen has a nightmare that she is seeing unborn babies . Steve is soon driven to insanity by the refrigerator, leaving Eileen to cope with her and her acting career on her own. A plumber named Juan comes to the apartment one night, warning Eileen her refrigerator is from hell and the devil controls it. Steve and Eileen throw a party at their apartment one night, not only the refrigerator, but all of the kitchen appliances go crazy and start slaughtering the guests. Juan soon ties the refrigerator shut, and all the surviving guests leave the apartment, not knowing where they are going to go, another couple is soon interested in buying the apartment, then the movie ends. Cast Steve Batemen................. Dave Simonds Eileen Batemen................ Julia McNeal Juan.......................... Angel Caban Release This movie was limitedly released on VHS ... title 0102767 title The Refrigerator DEFAULTSORT Refrigerator, The Category 1991 films 1990s horror ... more details
Image FridgeMagnetPlethora5734.jpg thumb right 220px Refrigerator magnets. A refrigerator magnet is an ornament ... list s or report card s on a refrigerator , or which simply serves as decoration. Refrigerator magnets ... shape or tiny plastic sculptures of fruit s. Refrigerator magnets are a relatively popular object .... Fridge magnets are often used as a collectors item. The first refrigerator magnet patent was obtained ... of 5mm, but varies with manufacturer. A refrigerator magnet will be neutralized erased by passing ... and south poles, flat refrigerator magnets made from composite materials are often constructed ... similar or identical refrigerator magnets and sliding them against each other with the magnetic sides ... the large planar magnet uniformly stuck onto the steel refrigerator than a uniformly polarized magnet .... The technical term for this arrangement is Halbach array . Impact of refrigerator magnets The impact ... nations have magnets on their fridge, for both utility and purely decorative purposes. A refrigerator magnet s lifespan is typically between 5 10 years. The number of times a refrigerator door ... impressions per year. ref http www.advertisingmagnets.biz why magnets Refrigerator Magnet Statistics ref Special purpose refrigerator magnets Image Refrigerator magnet 1.jpg thumb Alphabetical refrigerator ..., as also collecting of many other memorabilia . Many people are bringing refrigerator magnets from cities ... in Russian ref World record The largest collection of refrigerator magnets belongs to Louise J. Greenfarb ... Jul 08 Tue 1997 lifestyles 5604545.html Green Valley woman attracted to collecting refrigerator ... recorddetails.asp?recid 104&page cat Refrigerator magnets Current world record , alternativerecords.co.uk ... Museum in Las Vegas. ref http www.refrigerators.com fridgefacts.aspx Interesting Refrigerator Facts ... www.magnets.com Refrigerator Magnets in all shapes, colors and sizes. http www.mrsec.org Refrigerator ... explains how refrigerator magnets stick by means of nanoscale properties of strontium ferrite in Hypalon ... more details
about the Quarter Horse racehorse Refrigerator disambiguation Horse infobox horsename Refrigerator image caption breed American Quarter Horse Quarter Horse discipline Horse racing Racing sire Rare Jet grandsire Fast Jet dam Native Parr damsire Heisanative sex Gelding foaled 1988 country United States color Bay color Bay racerecord 22 wins, 11 stakes wins br Speed index SI 115 raceearnings 2,126,309.00 racewins 1990 All American Futurity r 1992 & 1993 & 1994 Champion of Champions horse race Champion of Champions raceawards American Quarter Horse Association AQHA Superior Race Horse honors American Quarter Horse Hall of Fame Refrigerator 1988 1999 was an American Quarter Horse Association Registration Appendix American Quarter Horse Quarter Horse racehorse who won the Champions of Champions race three times. He was a 1988 Bay color bay gelding sired by Rare Jet and out of Native Parr. Rare Jet was a grandson of Easy Jet and also a double descendant of both Depth Charge horse Depth Charge TB and Three Bars horse Three Bars TB . His dam was a daughter of Heisanative, a son of Raise A Native Raise a Native TB and a grandson of Native Dancer Native Dancer TB . ref name Ped http www.allbreedpedigree.com refrigerator3 All Breed Pedigree Database Pedigree of Refrigerator ref During his race career he earned over 2 million and won twenty two races, eleven of them stakes race s. He won the 1990 ... horse stallion.asp?id 13317&sex Gelding Refrigerator at Quarter Horse Directory ref He was bred by Sonny ... Horse Foundation Refrigerator ref Refrigerator was inducted into the American Quarter Horse Hall ... refrigerator3 All Breed Pedigree Database Pedigree of Refrigerator accessed on October 6, 2007 http ... Horses Refrigerator.ashx American Quarter Horse Foundation Refrigerator accessed on November ... Hall of Fame accessed on November 11, 2010 http qhd.com horse stallion.asp?id 13317&sex Gelding Refrigerator ... home42222222232 Refrigerator at Quarter Horse Legends Category 1988 racehorse ... more details
Refimprove date September 2007 A helium 3 refrigerator is a simple device used in experimental physics for obtaining temperature s down to about 0.2 kelvin s. By evaporative cooling of helium 4 the more common isotope of helium , a 1 K pot liquefies a small amount of helium 3 in a small vessel called a helium 3 pot. Evaporative cooling of the liquid helium 3, usually driven by adsorption since due to its high price the helium 3 is usually contained in a closed system to avoid losses, cools the helium 3 pot to a fraction of a kelvin. See also Dilution refrigerator References reflist External links http www.its.caltech.edu jpelab Group 20Website cryogenics.html Helium 3 refrigerators at Caltech Category Cryogenics Category Cooling technology thermodynamics stub ... more details
Ruth s Refrigerator were a psychedelic rock indie pop band from Leicester , England , formed in 1990 as a collaboration between guitarist songwriter Alan Jenkins of The Deep Freeze Mice and The Chrysanthemums , singer guitarist Ruth Miller and bassist Terri Lowe both of Po , keyboardist and Jenkins future wife Blodwyn P. Teabag, and drummer Robyn Gibson formerly of The Ammonites . ref name allmusic cite web url Allmusic class artist id p14134 biography pure url yes title Ruth s Refrigerator Biography accessdate 11 March 2008 author Mason, Stewart year month work allmusic.com publisher Macrovision Corporation quote ref The band released two albums, 1990 s Suddenly a Disfigured Head Parachuted and 1991 s A Lizard Is a Submarine on Grass , featuring new songs and reworkings of Deep Freeze Mice, Po and Originals another of Lowe s former bands tracks. They split up in 1992, with Miller, Jenkins, Teabag, and Gibson going on to form Jody & The Creams , ref name obio cite web url http cordelia.stayfree.co.uk Pages Refrigerator.html title The History of Ruth s Refrigerator accessdate 11 March 2008 author year month work publisher quote ref , later minus Miller as The Creams , and Jenkins later forming The Thurston Lava Tube . ref name allmusic2 cite web url Allmusic class artist id p296801 biography pure url yes title The Creams Biography accessdate 11 March 2008 author Mason, Stewart year month work allmusic.com publisher Macrovision Corporation quote ref Discography Suddenly a Disfigured Head Parachuted 1990 Madagascar A Lizard Is a Submarine on Grass 1991 Madagascar References reflist External links http www.discogs.com artist Ruth s Refrigerator Ruth s Refrigerator at discogs.com Category English indie rock groups Category 1990s music groups Category Leicester musical groups ... more details
of a small room. GE Monitor Top shown here. The Einstein Szilard or Einstein refrigerator is an absorption refrigerator which has no moving parts and requires only a heat source to operate. It was jointly ... been killed when a seal in their refrigerator broke and leaked toxic fumes into their home. Einstein ..., Einstein s name lent the research prestige and credibility. The refrigerator was not immediately ... The machine is a single pressure absorption refrigerator, similar in design to a gas absorption refrigerator. The refrigeration cycle uses ammonia pressure equalizing fluid, butane refrigerant ... only a heat source, e.g. a small gas burner or electric heating element. In an Einstein refrigerator ... refrigerator, a refrigerant evaporates at a temperature dependent pressure, P sub rfr sub T sub .... In an equivalent Einstein refrigerator, the refrigerant liquid evaporates at what is now a partial ... of a conventional refrigerator, a compressor raises the pressure of the refrigerant vapor, enabling ... side of an Einstein refrigerator, an ammonia absorber raises the partial pressure of the refrigerant ... sink, as in a conventional refrigerator. The condensed refrigerant liquid cannot dissolve in water ... the refrigerator raises the temperature of the solution, driving out the ammonia and providing ... liquids and vapors, and so forth. The Einstein refrigerator has been described as noiseless, inexpensive ... be used in locales lacking electricity, and that his team had completed a prototype Einstein refrigerator ... accessdate ref See also Refrigeration Refrigeration cycle Absorption refrigerator Rudolf Goldschmidt .... June 1998. Goettling, Gary http gtalumni.org Publications magazine sum98 einsrefr.html Einstein s Refrigerator .... Category Cooling technology Category Albert Einstein Refrigerator he ru ... more details
Image Helium dilution refrigerator.jpg 325px thumb Gas control system for a helium dilution refrigerator A dilution refrigerator is a cryogenics cryogenic device first proposed by Heinz London . Its refrigeration process uses a mixture of two isotope s of helium helium 3 and helium 4 . When cooled below approximately Orders of magnitude temperature 870 Kelvin millikelvin , the mixture undergoes spontaneous phase separation to form a sup 3 sup He rich phase and a sup 3 sup He poor phase. As with evaporative cooling , energy is required to transport sup 3 sup He atoms from the sup 3 sup He rich phase into the sup 3 sup He poor phase. If the atoms can be made to continuously cross this boundary, they effectively cool the mixture. Because the sup 3 sup He poor phase cannot have less than 6 helium 3 at equilibrium, even at absolute zero, dilution refrigeration can be effective at very low temperatures. The volume in which this takes place is known as the mixing chamber . The simplest application is a single shot dilution refrigerator. In single shot mode, a large initial reservoir of helium 3 is gradually moved across the boundary into the sup 3 sup He poor phase. Once the sup 3 sup He is all in the sup 3 sup He poor phase, the refrigerator cannot continue to operate. More commonly, dilution refrigerators run in a continuous cycle. The sup 3 sup He sup 4 sup He mixture is liquified in a Condenser heat transfer condenser , which is connected through an impedance to the sup 3 sup He rich area of the mixing chamber. Atoms of sup 3 sup He migrate across into the sup 3 sup He poor phase, providing cooling power, and then into a still where the liquid sup 3 sup He evaporates. Outside the refrigerator, this gas is pumped up to a higher pressure and usually purified, and finally returns ... of Magnetic refrigeration . Dry dilution refrigerator Helium 3 refrigerator Refrigerated transport ... how to Fridge.pdf Harvard University, Marcus Lab Hitchhiker s Guide to the Dilution Refrigerator ... more details
Deleted image removed Image Mirofret.JPG thumb right Modern European refrigerated semi trailer Deleted image removed Image Frig 3.JPG thumb left Three Spanish Pegaso refrigerator trucks. deletable image caption A refrigerator truck is a van or truck designed to carry perishable freight at specific temperatures. File MAN B ssing 320 U.jpg thumb 150px Truck with cooling system File Sainsburys lorry refrigerated trailer.jpg thumb 150px Articulated lorry with refrigerated trailer Like refrigerator car s, refrigerated trucks differ from simple Thermal insulation insulated and Ventilation architecture ventilated vans commonly used for transporting fruit , neither of which are fitted with cooling apparatus. Refrigerator trucks can be ice cooled, equipped with any one of a variety of mechanical refrigeration systems powered by small displacement diesel engines, or utilize carbon dioxide either as carbon dioxide dry ice or in liquid form as a cooling agent. Most of the long distance refrigerated transport by truck is done in Semi trailer truck articulated trucks pulling refrigerated semi trailer s. Research is done on fuel cell auxiliary power unit s. ref http www.hydrogen.energy.gov pdfs review05 fcp 32 brodrick.pdf Fuel cell TRU ref See also Reefer ship Reefer container Cold chain References reflist External links http www.transport.qld.gov.au qt LTASinfo.nsf ReferenceLookup Guideline for 14.9m long refrigerated trailers.pdf file Guideline for 14.9m long refrigerated trailers.pdf Guideline for long refrigerated trailers in Queensland http www33.brinkster.com iiiii inventions reftranstimeline.asp Refrigerated Transportation Timeline, pre WWII http www33.brinkster.com iiiii inventions reftruck.asp Early Mechanically Refrigerated Trucks Category Trucks Category Cooling technology Category Food preservation Category Freight equipment de K hlwagen Lkw nl Ge soleerde oplegger ... more details
refimprove date July 2009 no footnotes date July 2009 Infobox Korean name hangul hanja rr gimchi naengjanggo mr kimch i naengjanggo A kimchi refrigerator is a refrigerator designed specifically to meet storage requirements of various kimchi types, including temperature control and different fermentation food fermentation processes. In a consumer survey aimed at Koreans Korean homemaker housewives conducted by a top ranking Korean media agency in 2004, the kimchi refrigerator was ranked first for most wanted household appliance . Kimchi refrigerators have carved out a big niche for this new appliance, which has proven to be the most wanted household item in Korea and other parts of the world as well where kimchi is eaten. History File Kimchi refrigerator3.jpg thumb left Kimchi refrigerator The prototype of kimchi refrigerators was created by Billtec in 1992. In December 1995, WiniaMando launched its first commercial brand name of DIMCHAE hangul into the mass market, after three years of all comprehensive work on developing software to meet the most ergonomic nature of kimchi fermentation and storage. Now, more than a dozen home appliance manufacturers, such as Samsung Electronics Samsung and LG , are vigorously involved in commercial production of kimchi refrigerators. Currently, the top loading types are the main stream of production, but more ergonomic design improvements are finding their way to front loading drawer types, which can save the unnecessary hassle of lifting heavy kimchi jars or containers. The drawer types can also contribute to proper separation of different varieties of kimchi. See also Kimchi References http safe.cpb.or.kr textdata HOMEPAGE 200312 3000020 04.pdf How to select kimchi fridges Kimchi Korean cuisine tool stub Category Home appliances Category Kimchi ko ... more details
Refimprove date July 2007 Image TummyHurtsFridge.jpg thumb right Refrigerator and other damaged item set on curb as trash made into a tableau Image FridgesPumpkins.jpg thumb right Refrigerators with Halloween theme Katrina refrigerators are the many refrigerator s that were destroyed or rendered unusable during Hurricane Katrina , and later, Hurricane Ike , and their aftermath. Many were made into temporary folk art . Description During the storms, much of the Gulf Coast of the United States Gulf Coast Region and almost the entire New Orleans, Louisiana Metro New Orleans Area was forced Emergency evacuation to evacuate for several weeks, as Local government in the United States local governments re established basic infrastructure for electricity and water. Some residents emptied their refrigerators before they evacuated. However, most residents in the region did not know that they would ... plastic , Corrosion corroded metal , and dissolved Seal mechanical rubber refrigerator liners . Even ..., several krewe s had floats depicting Katrina refrigerators, and some revelers wore Katrina refrigerator costumes. Katrina refrigerator quotations Image MailUMagots.jpg thumb right Refrigerator criticizing ... levees. Some inscriptions advocated the refrigerator be sent to politicians whose response to the disaster ..., Michael D. Brown Brownie Sample images gallery File DangerFreeGumboInside.jpg Refrigerator with Danger tape and sarcastic Free Gumbo Inside inscription File DefrostyTheFridgeman.jpg Refrigerator with cheery Christmas decoration File BywaterFridgeFinCold.jpg F in Cold File FridgeIWentLooting.jpg Refrigerator ... File Low9th4Jan06FridgeGraveyardRows.jpg Dead refrigerator graveyard, Lower 9th Ward. File MidCity06FridgeHeaven.jpg Carnival float depicting Katrina refrigerators going to Refrigerator Heaven File ... of opening a Katrina refrigerator File RbtELeeFleurdeLisFridge.jpg Trashed refrigerator for pickup ... on Times Picayune website http peoplegetready.blogspot.com 2005 12 katrina refrigerator photos.html ... more details
sided, ice bunker reefer of the American Refrigerator Transit Company ART , one specially designated for the transport of dairy products, circa 1940 A refrigerator car or reefer is a Refrigeration ... temperatures. Refrigerator cars differ from simple Thermal insulation insulated boxcars and Ventilation ... the 1st edition 1879 of the Car Builders Dictionary for the Tiffany Refrigerator Car Company , a pioneer ... air to circulate around the contents Detroit, Michigan Detroit s William Davis patented a refrigerator ... to Swift, and the Swift Refrigerator Line SRL was created. Within a year the Line s roster ... of American Car & Foundry Built 1899 for Swift Refrigerator Line Chicago Historical Society.jpg thumb A builder s photo of one of the first refrigerator cars to come out of the Detroit plant of the American Car and Foundry Company ACF , built for the Swift Refrigerator Line in 1899 Live cattle ... center small Refrigerator Cars align center Year align center Live Cattle align ... Source Railway Review , January 29, 1887, p. 62. small File Early refrigerator car design circa 1870.jpg thumb A circa 1870 refrigerator car design. Hatches in the roof provided access to the ice tanks at each end 19th Century American Refrigerator Cars class toccolours align center ... ice harvested from ponds and lakes was used to supply refrigerator cars. At high altitudes or northern ... icing reefer.jpg thumb Top icing of bagged vegetables in a refrigerator car By the turn of the 20th ... for refrigerator car use annually. Top Icing Top icing is the practice of placing a convert ... The business end of a mechanical ice loading system services a line of Pacific Fruit Express refrigerator ... almost to the inception of the refrigerator car, saved ice and resulted in fresher cargo. The cars ... Car appeared in the Railroad Gazette just before Joel Tiffany received his refrigerator car patent ... 1898 cyc ACF builders photo.jpg A rare double door refrigerator car utilized the Hanrahan System ... more details
Collegebowl name Refrigerator Bowl full name nickname defunct yes logo image size caption stadium Arad McCutchan Stadium previous stadiums location Evansville, Indiana previous locations previous tie ins conference tie ins payout sponsors prev matchup year prev matchup season prev matchup teams prev matchup score next matchup year next matchup season next matchup teams next matchup date The Refrigerator Bowl was a college football bowl game played annually from 1948 until 1956 in Evansville, Indiana . The game was named for the local refrigerator production. With 3800 units a day being manufactured, Evansville at the time was known as the refrigerator capital of the United States . ref http local.evcpl.lib.in.us views viewimage.asp?ID 43052 ref Game results class wikitable Date played colspan 2 Winning team colspan 2 Losing team Notes December 4, 1948 Evansville Purple Aces 13 Missouri Valley College Missouri Valley College Vikings 7 ref http www.moval.edu aboutmvc press 2006 FootballHoF.pdf ref ref cite news title Missouri Valley s Streak Of 41 Grid Wins Snapped work The Hartford Courant date 1948 12 05 ref December 3, 1949 Evansville Purple Aces 22 Hillsdale College Hillsdale College Chargers 7 ref http gopurpleaces.com sports 2007 10 24 GEN 1024075930.aspx?tab football Evansville Athletics Football Bot generated title ref ref cite news title EVANSVILLE ON TOP, 22 7 Pins First Defeat on Hillsdale in Refrigerator Bowl work The New York Times date 1949 12 04 ref December 2, 1950 Abilene Christian University Abilene Christian College Wildcats 14 Gustavus Adolphus College Gustavus ... 12 ref cite news title Arkansas State Wins Refrigerator Bowl work The Washington Post date 1951 12 03 ... University Official Sports Site Bot generated title ref ref cite news title REFRIGERATOR BOWL ... cite news title DELAWARE BEATS KENT STATE, 19 7 Wins in Refrigerator Bowl as Zaiser Scores Twice in Fourth ... 10 ref cite news title Rhode Island Loses Refrigerator Bowl Duel To Jacksonville, Ala., State, 12 10 ... more details
thermodynamics cTopic Processes and Cycles An absorption refrigerator is a refrigerator that uses a heat source e.g., Solar thermal energy solar , kerosene fueled flame to provide the energy needed to drive the cooling system. Absorption refrigerators are a popular alternative to regular Vapor compression refrigeration compressor refrigerators where electricity is unreliable, costly, or unavailable, where noise from the compressor is problematic, or where surplus heat is available e.g., from turbine exhausts or industrial processes . For example, absorption refrigerators powered by heat from the combustion of liquefied petroleum gas are often used for food storage in recreational vehicle s. Both absorption and compressor refrigerators use a refrigerant with a very low boiling point less than convert 0 F C abbr on disp . In both types, when this refrigerant evaporates boils , it takes some ... refrigerator changes the gas back into a liquid using a different method that needs only heat, and has no moving parts. In comparison, a compressor refrigerator uses an electrically powered compressor ... refrigerator is given by the ANSI AHRI standard 560 2000 ref http www.ahrinet.org ... in a low partial pressure environment, thus extracting heat from its surroundings the refrigerator ... refrigeration Image Absorption fridge.jpg thumb right Labeled photo of a domestic absorption refrigerator. A single pressure absorption refrigerator uses three substances ammonia , hydrogen gas, and water ... pressure absorption refrigerator is pressurised to the point where the ammonia is a liquid. The cycle ... Einstein and his former student Le Szil rd proposed an alternative design known as Einstein refrigerator ... for use in third world countries at the TED Conference . The refrigerator is a small unit placed ... heat pump Einstein refrigerator Icyball Refrigerator Solar thermal cooling Timeline of low temperature ... uncollapsed DEFAULTSORT Absorption Refrigerator Category Thermodynamic cycles Category Heat pumps ... more details
For the documentary film Refrigerator Mothers The term refrigerator mother was coined around 1950 as a label for mothers of children diagnosed with autism or schizophrenia . These mothers were often blamed for their children s atypical behavior, which included rigid ritual s, speech difficulty, and self isolation. The refrigerator mother label was based on the assumption that autistic behaviors stem from the emotional frigidity of the children s mothers. As a result, mothers of some children on the autistic spectrum suffered from blame, guilt, and self doubt from the 1950s throughout the 1970s and beyond Citation needed date February 2010 when the prevailing medical belief that autism resulted from inadequate parenting was widely assumed to be correct. Some present day proponents of the psychogenic theory of autism continue to maintain that the condition is a result of poor parenting. However, others merely point out that some conditions are perhaps psychological in origin rather than physiological, and that this is not necessarily a reflection on parenting skills. Origins of theory In his ... and its Implications for a Neural Theory of Behavior , attacked the refrigerator mother hypothesis ... article.php3?id article 3709 ref Although Kanner was instrumental in framing the refrigerator ... and the medical establishment cognoscenti in the 1950s and 1960s. In 1969, Kanner addressed the refrigerator ..., I was misquoted often as having said that it is all the parents fault. ref cite web title Refrigerator ... lead to the complete blossoming of the child s personality. The refrigerator mother theory, widely ... behaviors and symptoms, these ideas are distinct from the refrigerator mother hypothesis. ref cite ... 18702558 pmc 2826841 ref In Popular Culture In 2003, Kartemquin Films released Refrigerator Mothers ... http www.kartemquin.com films refrigerator mothers Refrigerator Mothers Kartemquin Films ref Making its television premiere on PBS PBS s P.O.V. series, Refrigerator Mothers was featured in a January ... more details
Vaccine refrigerators are designed to store vaccine s and other medical products at a stable temperature to ensure they do not degrade. In developing countries with a sunny climate, solar powered vaccine refrigerators are common. Requirements for vaccine refrigeration Many vaccines must be stored at low temperatures, some below 15 C, and others between 2 and 8 C. ref http www.immunize.org catg.d p3048.pdf Vaccine Handling Tips , Immunization Action Coalition ref ref name Nigeria http www.ashdenawards.org winners kxn KXN Nigeria Ltd, Nigeria PV powered vaccine fridges , Ashden Awards ref If vaccines are not stored correctly they can lose their effectiveness. Solar powered vaccine refrigerators In developing countries the electricity grid often does not reach rural areas, and is not always reliable. As keeping vaccines at the appropriate temperature is vital, Solar powered refrigerator s are a cost effective alternative that can be highly reliable. A typical system will use a solar photovoltaic panel to generate electricity from sunlight, and a deep cycle battery to store energy for operation overnight. WHO approved products The World Health Organisation maintains a list of products related to vaccines that it approves for use, including refrigerators ref http www.who.int vaccines documents DocsPDF00 www518.pdf WHO Product Information Sheets 1.6MB ref . See also Solar power Vaccines References reflist External links http www.ashdenawards.org winners kxn Solar vaccine refrigerators in Nigeria http www.dulas.org.uk ?id 233 Solar vaccine refrigerators for developing countries med stub Category Cooling technology ... more details
Infobox Film name Refrigerator Mothers image Refrigerator Mothers Poster.jpg image size caption director David E. Simpson producer David E. Simpson, J.J. Hanley & Gordon Quinn writer starring music cinematography editing distributor Kartemquin Films released 2003 runtime 60min country Cinema of the United States United States language English budget gross preceded by followed by Refrigerator Mothers is a documentary released in 2003 by Kartemquin Films for PBS s P.O.V. series. The film paints an intimate portrait of an entire generation of American mothers whose children were diagnosed with autism . Labeled refrigerator mother s in the 1950s and 1960s by the medical establishment for their supposedly frigid and detached mothering, these women have emerged with strong, resilient voices to share the details of their personal journeys. ref http www.kartemquin.com films refrigerator mothers Refrigerator Mothers Kartemquin Films ref Refrigerator Mothers was awarded First Prize at the 2002 National Council of Family Relations Media Awards. The film won Best of Show at the 2002 Indiana Film Festival as well as named as an Official Selection to numerous international film festivals. ref http icarusfilms.com fanlight refr.html Icarus Films Retrieved 25 Jan. 2011. ref Refrigerator Mothers was featured in a January 2010 issue of Psychology Today that focused on the racial and class stereotyping of autism. ref http www.psychologytoday.com blog aspergers diary 201001 bias bettelheim and autism is history repeating itself 0 Bias, Bettelheim and Autism Is History Repeating Itself? . Soraya, Lynne. Psychology Today. 10 Jan. 2010. Retrieved 25 Jan. 2011. ref Notes references External links http www.imdb.com title tt0458234 Refrigerator Mothers 2003 TV at the Internet Movie Database http www.snagfilms.com films title refrigerator mothers Refrigerator Mothers at Snagfilms Autism films state collapsed portal Pervasive Developmental Disorders Kartemquin Films Category 2003 films Category ... more details
Image Art2471940.jpg thumb 300px right A wood sided, ice bunker reefer of the American Refrigerator Transit Company ART , one specially designated for the transport of dairy products, circa 1940. Image Art307981950.jpg thumb 300px right All steel refrigerator car 30798 of the American Refrigerator Transit Company, circa 1950. The car displays both the MoPac Lines and Wabash logos. The American Refrigerator Transit Company ART was a St. Louis, Missouri based private refrigerator car line established in 1881 by the Missouri Pacific Railroad Missouri Pacific and Wabash Railroad Wabash railroads. It is now a subsidiary of the Union Pacific Corporation . ref http www.stb.dot.gov econdata.nsf f039526076cc0f8e8525660b006870c9 c47c345c03f9d3668525744300675f26 FILE 2007 20Annual 20Report 20Form 20R 1 s 20Union 20Pacific 20Railroad.pdf Class I Railroad Annual Report R 1 Union Pacific Railroad Company to the Surface Transportation Board for the Year Ending Dec. 31, 2007 ref American Refrigerator Transit Company, 1900&ndash 1970 class toccolours align center 1900 align center 1910 align center 1920 align center 1930 align center 1940 align center 1950 align center 1960 align center 1970 align center 1,500 align center &mdash align center 3,000 align center 12,500 align center 13,000 align center 11,457 align center 9,670 align center 6,158 nowiki nowiki estimated. small Source The Great Yellow Fleet , p. 16. small References Reflist added under references heading by script assisted edit White, John W. 1986 . The Great Yellow Fleet . Golden West Books , San Marino, CA . ISBN 0 87095 ... Press, Baltimore, Maryland. ISBN 0 8018 5236 6. Refrigerator Car Lines of the United States Green, Gene 2005 Refrigerator Car Color Guide , Morning Sun Books, Scotch Plains, NJ. ISBN 1 58248 165 2. A color pictorial of US refrigerator cars. Category Companies established in 1881 Category Refrigerator ... more details
File dry dilution unit.JPG thumb A dry dilution system A dry or cryogen free dilution refrigerator is a type of dilution refrigerator that does not require the use of any external cryogens, in particular liquid helium , to operate. In the traditional design of a dilution refrigerator Figure 1a a liquid helium bath is used. It mainly serves the following purposes It initially precools the unit from room temperature to 4.2 K. It acts as a thermal radiation shield. It cools the returning incoming helium 3 sup 3 sup He and helps to condense it. In a dry dilution refrigerator a cryocooler is integrated in the design of the refrigerator in order to replace the liquid helium bath see Figure 1 below . The first experimental machines were built in the 1990s, ref K. Uhlig and W. Hehn, Cryogenics 37 , 279 1997 . ref when commercial cryocooler cryocoolers became available, capable of reaching a temperature lower than that of liquid helium and having sufficient cooling power on the order of 1 watt at 4.2 K . At present the most commonly used cryocooler is a pulse tube refrigerator pulse tube cooler . Image DR designs.gif 600px Different designs The dry dilution refrigerator design shown in Figure 1b is the easiest to realize from an engineering point of view, but not the easiest in operation. The design incorporates an inner vacuum can, which is used to initially precool the machine from room temperature down to the base temperature of the pulse tube refrigerator pulse tube cooler using heat exchange gas . However, it implies that every time the refrigerator is cooled down, a vacuum seal that holds at cryogenic temperatures needs to be made. It also implies complications low temperature vacuum feed through in the experimental wiring. A design as shown in Figure 1c is possible, but technically more demanding to realize. It requires the use of heat switch es, which are necessary for precooling. The heat switches and thermal radiation shields are not shown in the figure. This type of refrigerator ... more details
Image OP 2764.jpg thumb 350px right Burlington Refrigerator Express 74637, an all steel, ice cooled refrigerator car. Burlington Refrigerator Express BREX was a railroad refrigerator car leasing company that was formed on May 1, 1926 as a joint venture between the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad CB&Q and the Fruit Growers Express Company. The move helped the FGE expand its business into the Pacific Northwest , and added almost 2,700 ice bunker units to the existing car pool already under lease by the Burlington to the FGE and Western Fruit Express WFE . Burlington Refrigerator Express Roster, 1930&ndash 1970 class toccolours align center 1930 align center 1940 align center 1950 align center 1960 align center 1970 align center 2,448 align center 2,025 align center 1,895 align center 1,581 align center 1,987 small Source The Great Yellow Fleet , p. 16. small References White, John H. 1986 . The Great Yellow Fleet . Golden West Books , San Marino, CA . ISBN 0 87095 091 6. White, Jr., John H. 1993 . The American Railroad Freight Car . The Johns Hopkins University Press , Baltimore, Maryland . ISBN 0 8018 5236 6. External links http www.flarr.com fgeco.htm The Florida Railroad Company Inc. The Fruit Growers Express Company official website Refrigerator Car Lines of the United States Category Companies established in 1926 Category Refrigerator car lines of the United States US train stub ... more details
to invest millions of dollars toward the purchase of new, mechanically cooled refrigerator cars ... tractor trailer sets . A handful of the original wood refrigerator cars were converted for ice service on the WP system. The Western Refrigerator Line Company WRX was established in 1929 to operate a 500 ... emblem. By 1981 , the WRX had become part of the Burlington Northern Railroad . Western Refrigerator ... Route Western Refrigerator Line Company WRX Refrigerator Car Lines of the United States Category Companies established in 1923 Category Refrigerator car lines of the United States ... more details
Image URT 6699.jpg thumb 350px right Insulated wood boxcar s such as Union Line 6699, built in 1895, were used to transport dairy products such as milk, cheese, and eggs to market. The Union Refrigerator Transit Line URT was a St. Louis, Missouri and Milwaukee, Wisconsin based private refrigerator car line established in 1895 by the Joseph Schlitz Brewing Company . In 1929, the General American Tank Car Corporation acquired the URT and placed its rolling stock into lease service. In the early 1970s the company, then operating as the General American Transportation Corporation GATX liquidated its URT subsidiary along with its outdated wooden reefer fleet. Union Refrigerator Transit Line, 1930&ndash 1970 class toccolours align center 1930 align center 1940 align center 1950 align center 1960 align center 1970 align center 4,581 align center 7,481 align center 5,726 align center 5,237 align center 3,340 small Source The Great Yellow Fleet , p. 17. small References White, John W. 1986 . The Great Yellow Fleet . Golden West Books , San Marino, CA . ISBN 0 87095 091 6. White, Jr., John H. 1993 . The American Railroad Freight Car . The Johns Hopkins University Press , Baltimore, Maryland . ISBN 0 8018 5236 6. Further reading Greedy, John A. 1997 . Milwaukee Road s Union Refrigerator Transit Lines 37000 Series Steel Ice Reefers. The Milwaukee Railroader 27 2 4&ndash 7. Refrigerator Car Lines of the United States Category 1895 establishments Category Refrigerator car lines of the United States US rail stub ... more details
Infobox civilian attack title Zion Square refrigerator bombing image caption location Jerusalem , Israel target date July 4, 1975 time begin time end timezone type Bombing fatalities 15 injuries 77 perps Ahmed Jabara The Zion Square refrigerator bombing was a terrorist attack in downtown Jerusalem , Israel on Friday, July 4, 1975 in which 15 civilians were killed and 77 wounded. Attack An Arab terrorist exploded a booby trapped refrigerator contained five kilograms of explosives in Zion Square in the center of Jerusalem, killing 15 people and wounding 77. A Jewish passerby, Shabtai Levi, helped the terrorist hoist the refrigerator onto the sidewalk. The refrigerator aroused the suspicions of Esther Landner and Yehuda Warshovsky, who worked near Zion Square. Landner called the police but as she was answering their questions, the refrigerator blew up. ref http www.haaretz.com hasen pages ShArt.jhtml?itemNo 101419 A short history of terror, Haaretz ref Perpetrators The bomber was Ahmed Jabara Abu Sukar , who was freed from prison in 2003 as a gesture to Yasser Arafat . ref http www.frontpagemag.com readArticle.aspx?ARTID 16829 Freeing terrorists ref Shortly after his release, he called for the kidnapping of Israeli soldiers at a rally in Bethlehem that was widely covered by the Palestinian media. ref http www.frontpagemag.com readArticle.aspx?ARTID 16829 Freeing terrorists ref Victims Among the dead were Rivka nee Soifer Ben Yitzhak, 35, an American citizen, and her husband, Michael, who left behind two small children. ref http google.com search?q cache 8tWoeM15oU8J www.zoa.org sitedocuments pressrelease view.asp 3FpressreleaseID 3D547 rivka ben yitzhak&cd 2&hl en&ct clnk ZOA call to indict killer of U.S. citizen ref The Ben Yitzhak Award, presented annually to an outstanding children s book illustrator by the Israel Museum , was established in their memory. ref http designtaxi.com news.jsp?id 18928&monthview 1&month 2&year 2004 Ben Yitzhak Award ref References reflist ... more details
The North Western Refrigerator Line NWX was a Chicago, Illinois based private refrigerator car line established in 1924, one of the last such companies to be formed. Between 1924 and 1940 the company acquired more than 3,000 used wood refrigerator cars originally built by the American Car and Foundry Company , and leased the former Ringling Brothers Circus railroad car plant in Baraboo, Wisconsin to serve as a car shop. The NWX was closely allied with the Chicago and North Western Railway as several officials also held positions at the C&NW. In 1946 the North American Car Company purchased the NWX, though all cars continued to carry the NWX reporting marks. During the 1950s the fleet was rebuilt at North American s Green Bay, Wisconsin Green Bay , Hudson, Wisconsin Hudson , and Baraboo facilities. North American closed the Baraboo shops in December 1963 as new mechanical Refrigerator car reefer s were being purchased, and refurbishment of wood cars was no longer required. By 1978, only 25 NWX cars were left in service. When North American was taken over by General Electric Railcar in 1984, the few remaining cars were stored, and dismantled soon thereafter. Preserved NWX reefers 19769, 19781, and 19786 are on display at the Mid Continent Railway Museum in North Freedom, Wisconsin . North Western Refrigerator Line Roster, 1930&ndash 1960 class toccolours align center 1930 align center 1940 align center 1950 align center 1960 align center 2,817 align center 3,000 align center 3,398 align center 2,460 nowiki nowiki estimated small Source The Great Yellow Fleet , p. 16. small References White, John W. 1986 . The Great Yellow Fleet . Golden West Books , San Marino, CA . ISBN 0 87095 091 6. White, Jr., John H. 1993 . The American ... 8018 5236 6. Refrigerator Car Lines of the United States Category Companies established in 1924 Category Refrigerator car lines of the United States US rail stub ... more details
Chief passenger train. Billboard advertising such as this was placed on the company s refrigerator ..., but have been placed by railroad personnel to indicate the car s status. Refrigerator Car Lines of the United States Category 1894 establishments Category Refrigerator car lines of the United ... more details
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