The reflectioncoefficient is used in physics and electrical engineering when wave propagation in a medium containing discontinuity mathematics discontinuities is considered. A reflectioncoefficient describes either the amplitude or the intensity physics intensity of a reflection physics reflected wave relative to an incident wave. The reflectioncoefficient is closely related to the transmission coefficient . Image Partial transmittance.gif right frame A wave experiences partial transmittance and partial ... Gamma frac E E math The reflectioncoefficient may also be established using other field or Electronic circuit circuit quantities. The reflectioncoefficient can be given by the equations below ... toward the External electric load load Image ReflectionCoefficient Circuit.svg thumb right Simple circuit configuration showing measurement location of reflectioncoefficient. math Gamma Z L Z S over Z L Z S math Notice that a negative reflectioncoefficient means that the reflected wave ... bars of the reflectioncoefficient can be calculated from the standing wave ratio , math SWR math math Gamma SWR 1 over SWR 1 math The reflectioncoefficient is displayed graphically using a Smith chart . Seismology main Reflection seismology Reflection coefficent is used in feeder testing for reliability of medium. Optics main Fresnel equations In optics , intensity and amplitude reflection ... by a lower case r . Semipermeable membranes The reflectioncoefficient in semipermeable ... rf concepts reflection.html Flash tutorial for understanding reflection A flash program that shows how a reflected wave is generated , the reflectioncoefficient and VSWR Category Geometrical ... have different applications for the term. Telecommunications In telecommunication s, the reflectioncoefficient is the ratio of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the amplitude of the incident .... It is used in the Starling equation . Power cables in high power electrical drives The reflection ... more details
Summary This is a picture I created using Inkscape depicting a basic circuit configuration with the reflectioncoefficient marked. Licensing PD self date July 2007 ... more details
wiktionarypar reflection TOC right Reflection or reflexion may refer to Science Reflection electrical , reflected voltage in an electrical signal due to an impedance change Reflection physics , a common wave phenomenon Reflection nebula , a nebula that is extended and has no boundaries Mirror image , a reflection in a mirror Psychology Introspection , self reflection Computers Reflection computer graphics , the techniques for simulating optical reflectionReflection computer science , a programming language feature for metaprogramming Reflection , a piece of installation art by Shane Cooper also called Parasight Reflection , a brand name for a family of terminal emulation and PC X server software products by Attachmate Entertainment Reflection , a song by progressive rock band Tool from their 2001 album Lateralus Reflection song Reflection song , a song by Lea Salonga, covered by Christina Aguilera Reflection band , a German thrash metal band Reflexion band , a Finnish Gothic metal band Reflection Pentangle album Reflection Pentangle album , an album by Pentangle Reflection Demis Roussos album Reflection Demis Roussos album Reflection , an online card game developed by Free Fall Associates List of Power Rangers S.P.D. episodes Reflection , an episode of Power Rangers SPD Steamhammer album Steamhammer album , by Steamhammer, also known as Reflection Mathematics Reflection mathematics , a transformation of a space Reflection formula , which relates function values for arguments on opposite sides of a point Reflection group , a group generated by reflections Reflection principle , a theorem of set theory Point reflection , a reflection across a point Reflection theorem , a collection of theorems in number theory Reflection symmetry , symmetry with respect to reflection See also lookfrom intitle Reflector disambiguation Reflections disambiguation Reflexive disambiguation disambig ... Reflexia sv Reflexion tr Reflection uk vi Reflection zh ... more details
dablink For other uses of this word, see coefficient disambiguation . In mathematics , a coefficient ... the coefficient is the term itself it is called the constant term or constant coefficient of this expression . The final term does not have any explicitly written coefficient, but is usually considered to have coefficient 1, since multiplying by that factor would not change the term. Often coefficients ... in all cases one must allow introducing terms with 0 as coefficient. For the largest i with nowrap a sub i sub 0 if any , a sub i sub is called the leading coefficient of the polynomial. So for example the leading coefficient of the polynomial math , 4x 5 x 3 2x 2 math is 4. Specific coefficients arise in mathematical identities, such as the binomial theorem which involves binomial coefficient ... , the leading coefficient of a row in a matrix is the first nonzero entry in that row. So, for example ... . math The leading coefficient of the first row is 1 2 is the leading coefficient of the second row 4 is the leading coefficient of the third row, and the last row does not have a leading coefficient ... 2 e 2 ... x n e n . math Examples of physical coefficients coefficient of thermal expansion Coefficient ... in a material s dimensions. Partition Coefficient K sub D sub chemistry The ratio of concentrations ... coefficient electrical physics Relates a magnetic field applied to an element to the voltage created ... the conductor is made. Lift coefficient C sub L sub or C sub Z sub Aerodynamics dimensionless Relates ..., and the planform area of the airfoil. Ballistic coefficient BC Aerodynamics units of kg m sup 2 sup ..., and drag coefficient. Transmission coefficient physics Transmission Coefficient quantum mechanics ... through a barrier. Damping Damping Factor a.k.a. viscous damping coefficient Physical Engineering units ... is being Chemistry A coefficient is a number placed in front of a term in a chemical equation to indicate ... Koefficient de Koeffizient es Coeficiente matem ticas eo Koeficiento fa fr Coefficient ko io ... more details
seealso Reflectioncoefficient Attenuation coefficient Image Partial transmittance.gif right frame An electromagnetic or any other wave experiences partial transmittance and partial reflectance when the medium through which it travels suddenly changes. The transmission coefficient is used in physics and electrical engineering when wave propagation in a medium containing discontinuity mathematics discontinuities is considered. A transmission coefficient describes either the amplitude or the intensity of a transmitted wave relative to an incident wave. Different fields have different definitions for the term. Optics main transmittance In optics , transmission is the property of a substance to permit the passage of light, with some or none of the incident light being absorbed in the process. If some ... mechanics , the transmission coefficient and related reflectioncoefficient are used to describe the behavior of waves incident on a barrier. The transmission coefficient represents the probability flux ... in the wave moving away from the barrier on the other side. The reflectioncoefficient R is defined ... coefficient is a measure of how much of an electromagnetic wave light passes through ... of a particle Quantum tunnelling tunneling through a barrier. The transmission coefficient ... main WKB approximation Using the WKB approximation, one can obtain a tunnelling coefficient that looks ... see that the transmission coefficient correctly goes to zero. This classical limit would have failed in the situation of a square potential . If the transmission coefficient is much less than 1, it can .... Seealso Quantum tunnelling Telecommunication The transmission coefficient is the ratio of the amplitude ... criteria is also sometimes called the transmission coefficient of that portion of the system. The value of the transmission coefficient is inversely related to the quality of the line, circuit, channel or trunk. Chemistry The transmission coefficient is a state of 1 number unity for monomolecular ... more details
Wiktionarypar coefficientCoefficient could have one of the following meanings In mathematics, a coefficient is a constant multiplication of a function The mathematical term differential coefficient has been mostly displaced by the modern term Derivative . In physics, a physical coefficient is an important number that characterizes some physical property of an object. Also, The Coefficients dining club Coefficients were an Edwardian London dining club. disambig es Coeficiente eu Koefiziente pl Wsp czynnik pt Coeficiente desambigua o ro Coeficient dezambiguizare simple Coefficient disambiguation sk Koeficient ... more details
refraction Ocean surface wave Reflectioncoefficient Reflectivity Refraction Ripple tank Signal ...File MtHood TrilliumLake.jpg thumb The reflection of Mount Hood in Mirror Lake Mount Hood, Oregon Mirror Lake . Reflection is the change in direction of a wavefront at an wikt interface interface between .... Common examples include the reflection of light , sound and water wave s. The law of reflection says that for specular reflection the angle at which the wave is incident on the surface equals the angle at which it is reflected. Mirror s exhibit specular reflection. In acoustics , reflection ... wave s. Reflection is observed with surface wave s in bodies of water. Reflection is observed with many types of electromagnetic wave , besides visible light . Reflection of Very high frequency ... ray s can be reflected at shallow angles with special grazing mirrors. Reflection of light Image Kayaking Deep Fork Wildlife Refuge Oklahoma.jpg right thumb 220px upright Double reflection The sun is reflected in the water, which is reflected in the paddle. Reflection of light is either Specular reflection specular mirror like or Diffuse reflection diffuse retaining the energy , but losing ... model for specular light reflection, and typically consists of a glass sheet with a metallic coating where the reflection actually occurs. Reflection is enhanced in metals by suppression of wave propagation beyond their skin depth s. Reflection also occurs at the surface of transparency optics transparent media, such as water or glass . Image Reflection angles.svg frame left upright Diagram of specular reflection In the diagram at left, a light ray PO strikes a vertical mirror at point O , and the reflected ..., known as the normal , we can measure the angle of incidence , sub i sub and the angle of reflection , sub r sub . The law of reflection states that sub i sub sub r sub , or in other words, the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection. In fact, reflection of light may occur whenever ... more details
Atomic mirror , a device for specular reflection of atoms Reflectioncoefficient Fresnel equations which ...Refimprove date January 2009 Image Reflection angles.svg frame Diagram of specular reflection Image Tso Kiagar Lake Ladakh.jpg thumb Reflections on still water are an example of specular reflection. Specular reflection is the mirror like reflection physics reflection of light or of other kinds of wave ... outgoing direction. Such behavior is described by the law of reflection , which states that the direction ... equals the angle of reflection math theta i theta r math in the figure , and that the incident, normal ... 9780486240749 year 1981 ref Explanation Specular reflection is distinct from diffuse reflection , where ... specular and diffuse reflection would be glossy and Matte surface matte paint s. Matte paints have almost exclusively diffuse reflection, while glossy paints have both specular and diffuse reflection ... reflection with no diffuse reflection, not all of the light is necessarily reflected. Some of the light ... than the material whose surface it strikes, then total internal reflection may occur if the angle of incidence is greater than a certain critical angle. Specular reflection from a dielectric ... linearly polarized parallel to the interface. The law of reflection arises from diffraction ... of reflection no longer holds and the behavior of light is more complicated. Waves other than visible light can also exhibit specular reflection. This includes other electromagnetic waves , as well as non electromagnetic waves. Examples include ionospheric reflection of radiowave s, reflection of radio ... mirror physics atomic mirror s, which reflect neutral atom s. For the efficient reflection of atoms ... in order to provide significant quantum reflection ridged mirror s are used to enhance the specular reflection of atoms. The reflectivity of a surface is the ratio of reflected power to incident power ... index. Measurements of specular reflection are performed with normal or varying incidence ... more details
Extinction coefficient refers to several different measures of the absorption of light in a medium In chemistry, the mass attenuation coefficient mass extinction coefficient also called mass attenuation coefficient or mass absorption coefficient and the molar absorptivity molar extinction coefficient are parameters defining how strongly a substance absorbs light at a given wavelength, per Mole unit mass unit or per molar concentration , respectively. In physics, the extinction coefficient is the imaginary part of the complex index of refraction , which also relates to light absorption. For the quantitative relationship between the chemistry and physics definitions, see Mathematical descriptions of opacity . disambig es Coeficiente de extinci n fr Absorptivit molaire de Extinktionskoeffizient ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2007 Signal reflection occurs when a signal is transmitted along a transmission medium, such as a reflections on copper lines copper cable or an optical fiber , some of the signal power may be reflected back to its origin rather than being carried all the way along the cable to the far end. This happens because imperfections in the cable cause Electrical impedance impedance mismatches and non linear changes in the cable characteristics. These abrupt changes in characteristics cause some of the transmitted signal to be reflected. In radio frequency RF practice, this is often measured in a dimensionless ratio known as voltage standing wave ratio VSWR with a VSWR bridge. The ratio of energy bounced back depends on the Impedance matching impedance mismatch . Mathematically, it is defined using the reflectioncoefficient . Because the principles are the same, this concept is perhaps easiest to understand when considering an optical fiber. Imperfections in the glass create mirrors that reflect the light back along the fiber. Impedance discontinuities cause attenuation , attenuation distortion , standing waves , ringing signal ringing and other effects because a portion of a transmitted signal will be reflected back to the transmitter transmitting device rather than continuing to the receiver radio receiver , much like an echo. This effect is compounded if multiple discontinuities cause additional portions of the remaining signal to be reflected back to the transmitter. This is a fundamental problem with the daisy chain method of connecting electronic components. When a returning reflection strikes another discontinuity, some of the signal rebounds in the original ... the reflection takes to return. If only reflection magnitudes are desired, however, and exact fault ... linear and non linear models, evaluates the reflection s effects in an electric line. See also Bergeron ... matching Signal integrity Reflections of signals on conducting lines DEFAULTSORT Signal Reflection ... more details
In mathematics, the differential coefficient of a function f x is what is now called its derivative df x dx , the not necessarily constant multiplicative factor or coefficient of the differential dx in the differential df x . A coefficient is usually a Constant mathematics constant quantity, but the differential coefficient of f is a constant function only if f is a linear function . When f is not lineive Differen , hence, the modern term, derivative. Early editions of Silvanus P. Thompson s Calculus Made Easy use the older term. Martin Gardner lets the first use of differential coefficient stand, along with Thompson s criticism of the term as a needlessly obscure phrase that should not intimidate students, and substitutes derivative for the remainder of the book. Category Mathematical analysis Category Differential calculus Category Functions and mappings simple Differential coefficient ... more details
unreferenced date January 2010 In a nozzle or other constriction, the discharge coefficient also known as coefficient of discharge is the ratio of the mass flow rate at the discharge end of the nozzle to that of an ideal nozzle which expands an identical working fluid from the same initial conditions to the same exit pressures References http mysite.du.edu jcalvert tech fluids orifice.htm Coefficient of Discharge , J. B. Calvert, 15 June 2003 Category Fluid dynamics fluiddynamics stub ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2008 A physical coefficient is an important number that characterizes some physical property of a technical or scientific object. A coefficient also has a scientific reference which is the reliance on force. To find the coefficient of a chemical compound , you must balance the elements involved in it. For example, water H sub 2 sub O. It just so happens that hydrogen H and oxygen O are both diatomic molecules, thus we have H sub 2 sub and O sub 2 sub . To form water, one of the O atoms breaks off from the O sub 2 sub molecule and react with the H sub 2 sub compound to form H sub 2 sub O. But, there is one oxygen atom left. It reacts with another H sub 2 sub molecule. Since it took two of each atom to balance the compound, we put the coefficient 2 in front of H sub 2 sub O 2 H sub 2 sub O. The total reaction is thus 2 H sub 2 sub O sub 2 sub 2 H sub 2 sub O. Examples of physical coefficients Coefficient of thermal expansion thermodynamics dimensionless Relates the change in temperature to the change in a material s dimensions. Partition coefficient K sub D sub chemistry The ratio of concentrations of a compound in two phases of a mixture of two immiscible solvents at equilibrium. Hall Effect Hall coefficient electrical physics Relates a magnetic field applied to an element to the voltage created, the amount of current and the element thickness. It is a characteristic of the material from which the conductor is made. Lift coefficient C sub L sub or C sub ... of the fluid flow around the airfoil, and the planform area of the airfoil. Ballistic coefficient BC ... is a function of mass, diameter, and drag coefficient. Transmission coefficient physics Transmission coefficient quantum mechanics dimensionless Represents the probability flux of a transmitted wave relative ... tunnelling tunnelling through a barrier. Damping Damping factor a.k.a. viscous damping coefficient ... coefficient ta ... more details
The lift coefficient math c mathrm l , , math math c mathrm a , math or math c mathrm z math is a dimensionless coefficient that relates the Lift force lift generated by an aerodynamic body such as a wing ... as the ratio of lift pressure to dynamic pressure . Aircraft lift coefficient Lift coefficient ... of the aircraft. In this application it is called the aircraft or planform lift coefficient math C mathrm L , . math br The lift coefficient math C mathrm L , math is equal to ref name TWS1.2 ... A , math is planform area. The lift coefficient is a dimensionless number . The aircraft lift coefficient ... lift coefficient Image Lift curve.svg thumb 300px right A typical curve showing section lift coefficient versus angle of attack for a cambered airfoil Lift coefficient may also be used as a characteristic ... lift coefficient math c mathrm l , . math It is common to show, for a particular airfoil section, the relationship between section lift coefficient and angle of attack . ref Abbott, Ira H., and Von ... between section lift coefficient and drag coefficient . The section lift coefficient is based ... lift coefficient in terms of total lift and total area because they are infinitely large. Rather ... chord length of the airfoil. The section lift coefficient for a given angle of attack can be approximated ... lift and area. The relationship between the lift coefficient and angle of attack is complex ... for section lift coefficient vs. angle of attack follows the same general shape for all Airfoil ... coefficient with increasing angle of attack , up to a maximum point, after which the lift coefficient reduces. The angle at which maximum lift coefficient occurs is the Stall flight stall angle of the airfoil. The lift coefficient is a dimensionless number . Note that in the graph here, there is still a small but positive lift coefficient with angles of attack less than zero. This is true of any ... coefficient Pitching moment Circulation control wing Zero lift axis Notes reflist References Clancy ... more details
Correlation Coefficient may refer to Pearson product moment correlation coefficient , also known as r, R, or Pearson s r, a measure of the strength of the linear relationship between two variables that is defined in terms of the sample covariance of the variables divided by their sample standard deviations Correlation and dependence , a broad class of statistical relationships between two or more random variables or observed data values Goodness of fit , which refers to any of several measures that measure how well a statistical model fits observations by summarizing the discrepancy between observed values and the values expected under the model in question Coefficient of determination , a measure of the proportion of variability in a data set that is accounted for by a statistical model often called R sup 2 sup equal in linear regression to the square of Pearson s product moment correlation coefficient Intraclass correlation , a descriptive statistic that can be used when quantitative measurements are made on units that are organized into groups describes how strongly units in the same group resemble each other. Rank correlation , the study of relationships between different rankings on the same set of items Spearman s rank correlation coefficient , which measures how well the relationship between two variables can be described by a monotonic function Kendall tau rank correlation coefficient , which measures the portion of ranks that match between two data sets. Disambig ... more details
The flow coefficient of a device is a relative measure of its efficiency at allowing fluid flow. It describes the relationship between the pressure drop across an orifice , valve or other assembly and the corresponding volumetric flow rate flow rate . Mathematically the flow coefficient can be expressed as math C v F sqrt dfrac SG Delta P math where br C sub v sub Flow coefficient or flow capacity rating of valve. br F Rate of flow US gallons per minute . br SG Specific gravity of fluid Water 1 . br P Pressure drop across valve psi . In more practical terms, the flow coefficient C sub v sub is the volume in US gallons of water at 60 F that will flow per minute through a valve with a pressure drop of 1 psi across the valve. The use of the flow coefficient offers a standard method of comparing valve capacities and sizing valves for specific applications that is widely accepted by industry. The general definition of the flow coefficient can be expanded into equations modeling the flow of liquids, gases and steam as follows Coefficient of discharge is the ratio of actual flow rate to theoretical discharge. For gas flow in a pneumatic system the CV for the same assembly can be used with a more complex equation. ref Swagelok CV Flow Coefficient http www.swagelok.com downloads webcatalogs EN MS 06 84.PDF Swagelok CV Flow Coefficient ref Absolute pressures psia must be used for gas rather than simply differential pressure. For air flow at room temperature, when the outlet pressure is less than 1 2 the absolute inlet pressure, the flow becomes quite simple although it reaches sonic velocity internally . With CV 1.0 and 200 psia inlet pressure the flow is 100 standard cubic feet per minute scfm . The flow is proportional to the absolute inlet pressure so that the flow in scfm would equal the CV flow coefficient if the inlet pressure were reduced to 2 psia and the outlet were connected ... of pressure drop with flow coefficient DEFAULTSORT Flow Coefficient Category Fluid dynamics de Kv ... more details
In mass transfer , the sieving coefficient is a measure of Mass transfer equilibration between the concentration s of two mass transfer streams. It is defined as the mean pre and post contact concentration of the mass receiving stream divided by the pre and post contact concentration of the mass donating stream. math S frac C r C d math where S is the sieving coefficient C sub r sub is the mean concentration mass receiving stream C sub d sub is the mean concentration mass donating stream A sieving coefficient of 1 number unity implies that the concentrations of the receiving and donating stream equilibrate, i.e. the out mass flow rate flow concentrations post mass transfer of the mass donating and receiving stream are equal to one another. Systems with sieving coefficient that are greater than one require an external energy source, as they would otherwise violate the laws of thermodynamics . Sieving coefficients less than one represent a mass transfer process where the concentrations have not equilibrated. Contact time between mass streams in important in consider in mass transfer and affects the sieving coefficient. In kidney In renal physiology , the sieving coefficient can be expressed as sieving coefficient renal clearance clearance ultrafiltration rate ref http www.aic.cuhk.edu.hk web8 Renal 20replacement 20therapy 20 20CVVH.htm Sieving coefficient in drug clearance cuhk.edu.hk ref See also Heat exchanger Condenser pinch point Sieve References references Category Transport phenomena Category Chemical engineering Category Mechanical engineering ... more details
For attenuation coefficient as it applies to electromagnetic theory and telecommunications see Propagation constant Attenuation constant propagation constant . For the mass attenuation coefficient , see the article mass attenuation coefficient . The attenuation coefficient is a quantity that characterizes ... , particle s, or other energy or matter . A large attenuation coefficient means that the beam is quickly attenuated weakened as it passes through the medium, and a small attenuation coefficient means that the medium is relatively transparent to the beam. Attenuation coefficient is measured using units of reciprocal length . The attenuation coefficient is also called linear attenuation coefficient , pencil beam narrow beam attenuation coefficient , or absorption coefficient . Although all four ... Attenuation versus absorption below . Overview The attenuation coefficient describes the extent to which ... colloids , Elsevier, 2002 ref The attenuation coefficient is widely used in acoustics for characterizing ... ref Note that the sabin is not a unit of attenuation coefficient rather, it is the unit of a related quantity. A small linear attenuation coefficient indicates that the material in question is relatively ... opacity . The linear attenuation coefficient is dependent upon the type of material and the energy ... coefficient will be. Definitions and formulas The measured intensity math I math of transmitted through ... I I 0 , e alpha , x , math where math x math denotes the path length. The attenuation coefficient or linear attenuation coefficient is math alpha math . The Half Value Layer HVL signifies the thickness ... and incident radiation intensities math I I 0 math . The linear attenuation coefficient and mass attenuation coefficient are related such that the mass attenuation coefficient is simply math alpha rho math , where math rho math is the density in g cm sup 3 sup . When this coefficient is used ... of length times density. The linear attenuation coefficient is also inversely related to mean ... more details
The overlap coefficient is a similarity measure related to the Jaccard index that computes the overlap between two sets which is defined as follows math mathrm overlap X,Y frac X cap Y min X , Y math If set X is a subset of Y or the converse then the overlap coefficient is equal to one. References http www.dcs.shef.ac.uk sam stringmetrics.html Similarity Metrics , University of Sheffield, Department of Computer Science Category Information retrieval Category String similarity measures Category Measure theory ... more details
of the incoming wave by the seismic reflectioncoefficient math R math , determined by the Acoustic ... normal normal incidence head on , the expression for the reflectioncoefficient is simply math ...Image Seg y picture.gif thumb right 300px Seismic reflection data Reflection seismology or seismic reflection ... of the Earth s subsurface from reflection physics reflected seismic wave s. The method ... vibrator, commonly known by the trademark name Vibroseis. Reflection seismology is similar to sonar ... methods, reflection seismology may be seen as a type of inverse problem . That is, given a set of data ... of reflection seismology, the experimental data are recorded seismograms, and the desired result ... of inverse problems, the results obtained from reflection seismology are usually not unique more ... of a reflection seismic survey. Reflection experiments A reflection experiment is carried out ... one or more seismometer s. On land, the typical seismometer used in a reflection experiment is a small ... required to perform the data processing. Modern reflection seismic surveys require large amounts of computer processing, often performed on supercomputer s or on computer cluster s. Reflection and transmission ... coefficient to predict the amplitude of the wave transmitted through the boundary. The formula for the normal incidence transmission coefficient the ratio of transmitted to incident pressure ... will be bent, or refraction refracted , according to Snell s law . The expressions for the reflection ... of the 20th century, are known as the Zoeppritz equations . The reflection and transmission ... new petroleum reservoirs. Interpretation of reflections The time it takes for a reflection from a particular ... of apparently related reflections on several seismograms is often referred to as a reflection event . By correlating reflection events, a seismologist can create an estimated cross section of the geology ... section date December 2010 Reflection seismology is extensively used in exploration for hydrocarbon ... more details
The luminous coefficient is a coefficient that measures the integral integrated fraction of the radiant power that contributes to its luminous properties as evaluated by means of the standard luminosity function . ref cite book title Van Nostrand s Scientific Encyclopedia, 3rd Edition publisher D. Van Nostrand Company, Inc. location Princeton, New Jersey, Toronto, London, New York month January year 1958 ref The luminosity coefficient is math frac int lambda infin lambda 0 y lambda J lambda d lambda int lambda infin lambda 0 J lambda d lambda , math where y sub sub is the standard luminosity function, J sub sub is the spectral power distribution of the radiant intensity. The luminous coefficient is unity for a narrow band of wavelengths at 555 nanometre s. See also Luminous efficacy Luminous efficiency , the more common name for luminous coefficient Photometry optics Photometry References references Category Photometry color stub ... more details
The coefficient of haze also known as smoke shade is a measurement of visibility interference in the Earth s atmosphere atmosphere . ref name Somani1992 References references ref name Somani1992 cite encyclopaedia encyclopedia Dictionary of agricultural and allied sciences P , Part 7 author L. L. Somani publisher Mittal Publications date 1992 isbn 8170991137 isbn13 9788170991137 article Coefficient of Haze pages 322 ref references Further reading cite encyclopaedia encyclopedia IUPAC Compendium of Chemical Terminology edition 2nd Edition date 1997 article Coefficient of Haze publisher International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry url http iupac.org. goldbook C01125.pdf format Portable Document Format PDF author Alan D. McNaught and Andrew Wilkinson isbn10 0865426848 isbn 9780865426849 cite book title Methods of air sampling and analysis author James P. Lodge edition 3rd publisher CRC Press year 1988 isbn 0873711416 isbn13 9780873711418 chapter Continuous Tape Sampling of Coefficient of Haze DEFAULTSORT Coefficient Of Haze Category Visibility Climate stub ... more details
Phenol coefficient is a measure of the bactericidal activity of a chemical compound in relation to phenol . When listed numerically, the figure expressing the Disinfection disinfecting power of a substance by relating it to the disinfecting power of phenol may be a function of the standardized test performed. For example, the Rideal Walker method gives a Rideal Walker coefficient and the U.S. Department of Agriculture method gives a U.S. Department of Agriculture coefficient. To calculate phenol coefficient, the concentration of the test compound at which the compound kills the test organism in 10 minutes, but not in 5 minutes, is divided by the concentration of phenol that kills the organism under the same conditions. The phenol coefficient may be determined in the presence of a standard amount of added organic matter or in the absence of organic matter. and the formula is given by N 1 CT where C is the conc. of agent applied and T is the time for which agent is applied and N is the number of survivors so N is inversely proportional to dose CT is collectively called dose References Dorland s Illustrated Medical Dictionary. 2004 . http www.mercksource.com pp us cns cns hl dorlands.jspzQzpgzEzzSzppdocszSzuszSzcommonzSzdorlandszSzdorlandzSzdmd c 44zPzhtm Phenol c. Obtained Nov. 6, 2006. Salmonella typhosa is used as test orgnism for this test. Category Antiseptics cs Fenolov koeficient es Coeficiente fen lico ja ... more details
The temperature coefficient is the relative change of a physical property when the temperature is changed ... T is the difference between T and T sub 0 sub . Finally, is the linear temperature coefficient ... with temperature, it may be possible to calculate a temperature coefficient that is a useful approximation ... with temperature, such as Arrhenius equation the rate of a chemical reaction , any temperature coefficient ... coefficient A negative temperature coefficient NTC occurs when the thermal conductivity of a material ... temperature coefficient have been used in floor heating since 1971. The negative temperature coefficient ... for the electrical conduction from these defect centers. Reversible temperature coefficient Residual ... temperature coefficient RTC of Br is defined as math RTC frac Delta Br Br Delta T times 100 ... temperature ranges. By combining samarium and gadolinium in the alloy, the temperature coefficient can be reduced to nearly zero. Temperature coefficient of electrical resistance see also Resistivity ... T right T T 0 math math rho 0 math just corresponds to the specific resistance temperature coefficient ..., math alpha math is referred to as the resistance temperature coefficient. ref cite book last Alenitsyn ... This property is used in devices such as thermistors. Positive temperature coefficient of resistance A positive temperature coefficient PTC refers to materials that experience an increase in electrical ... usually show a relatively rapid increase with temperature, i.e. a higher coefficient. The higher the coefficient, the greater an increase in electrical resistance for a given temperature increase. Coefficient of thermal expansion main Coefficient of thermal expansion The physical dimensions of matter can be affected by temperature. The coefficient of thermal expansion for a given sample of matter can be used to approximate its change in volume given a change in temperature. A similar coefficient, the linear thermal expansion coefficient , is also often used to measure the change of length of an object ... more details
Refimprove date July 2009 Merge Matthews correlation coefficient discuss Talk Matthews correlation coefficient Merger proposal date July 2009 In statistics , the phi coefficient also referred to as the mean square contingency coefficient and denoted by or r sub sub is a measure of association for two binary variables introduced by Karl Pearson ref Cramer, H. 1946. Mathematical Methods of Statistics . Princeton Princeton University Press, p282 second paragraph . ISBN 0691080046 ref . This measure is similar to the Pearson correlation coefficient in its interpretation. In fact, a Pearson correlation coefficient estimated for two binary variables will return the phi coefficient. ref Guilford, J. 1936 . Psychometric Methods. New York McGraw&ndash Hill Book Company, Inc. ref The square of the Phi coefficient is related to the chi square statistic for a 2 2 contingency table see Pearson s chi square test ref Everitt B.S. 2002 The Cambridge Dictionary of Statistics , CUP. ISBN 0 521 81099 x ref math phi 2 frac chi 2 n math where n is the total number of observations. Two binary variables are considered positively associated if most of the data falls along the diagonal cells. In contrast, two binary variables are considered negatively associated if most of the data falls off the diagonal ... cell cell counts that sum to n , the total number of observations. The phi coefficient that describes ... n bullet0 n bullet1 math Phi is related to the point biserial correlation coefficient and Cohen s d ... the Pearson correlation coefficient reduces to the phi coefficient in the 2 2 case, the interpretation of a Pearson correlation coefficient and phi coefficient must be taken cautiously. The Pearson correlation coefficient ranges from &minus 1 to 1, where 1 indicates perfect agreement or disagreement, and 0 indicates no relationship. The phi coefficient has a maximum value that is determined ... of association between nominal variables. References references DEFAULTSORT Phi Coefficient Statistics ... more details
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