Unreferenced date December 2009 Refining also called affining is the process of List of purification methods in chemistry purification of a 1 chemical compound substance or a 2 Theory of Forms form . The term is usually used of a natural resource that is almost in a usable form, but which is more useful in its pure form. For instance, most types of natural petroleum will burn straight from the ground, but it will burn poorly and quickly clog an engine with residues and by products. The term is broad, and may include more drastic transformations, such as the reduction of ore to metal for which see Refining metallurgy . The refining of liquid s is often accomplished by distillation or fractional distillation fractionation . Gas es can be refined in this way as well, by being cooled and or compressed until they liquefy. Gases and liquids can also be refined by solvent extraction extraction with a selective solvent that dissolves away either the substance of interest, or the unwanted impurities. Many solid s can be refined by growing crystal s in a solution of the impure material the regular structure of the crystal tends to favor the desired material and exclude other kinds of particles. Chemical reaction s are often used to remove impurities of particular types. The use of silicon and other semiconductor s in electronics is highly dependent on precise control of impurities, and a number of special techniques have been developed, such as zone refining . Types of materials that are usually refined metal s see Refining metallurgy petroleum silicon sugar table salt vegetable oil See also Refinery Continuous distillation Oil refinery Natural gas processing Wafer electronics Category Industrial processes cs Rafinace da Raffinering de Raffination es Refinaci n fa ko is Hreinsun it Raffinazione ka nl Raffinage ja no Foredling pl Rafinacja pt Refino ro Rafinare ru sh Rafiniranje fi Raffinointi sv Raffinering zh ... more details
Refimprove date December 2009 No footnotes date December 2009 Infobox company name Western Refining, Inc. logo Image Western Refining Logo.JPG type Public company Public nyse WNR genre fate predecessor successor foundation founder defunct location city El Paso, Texas El Paso , Texas location country United States USA location locations area served United States key people Paul L. Foster small Chief Executive Officer CEO & br Chairman of the Board of Directors Board small industry Oil products Refined products production Crude oil services Convenience stores br filling station Service stations revenue profit United States Dollar 10.725 billion small 2008 small operating income decrease 187.90 million small 2008 small net income decrease 64.20 million small 2008 small aum assets decrease 3.076 billion small 2008 small equity increase 811.49 million small 2008 small owner num employees parent divisions subsid homepage http www.wnr.com WNR.com footnotes intl Western Refining Company, L.P. is an independent crude oil refiner and marketer headquartered in El Paso , Texas . Western Refining Company operates primarily in the Southwestern and Mid Atlantic regions of the United States. Western Refining WNR has been publicly traded on the New York Stock Exchange since January, 2006. It s refineries are located in El Paso , Texas near Gallup , New Mexico and in Yorktown , Virginia . These refineries have a combined crude oil processing capacity of approximately 235,000 barrels per day. A majority of products produced at these refineries are light products, consisting of gasoline, diesel, and jet fuel. All four refineries have truck loading terminals. The El Paso refinery delivers to a number ... it to receive and deliver by barge and ship. ref www.wnr.com ref Western Refining owns and operates a wholesale division that works in conjunction with the refining operations. Through the refineries and these affiliated companies, Western Refining serves a broad customer base in Arizona , southern ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Saudi Refining, Inc., SRI with headquarters in Houston , purchases and sells crude oil and maintains a significant inventory of crude oil outside the United States . SRI has an interest in a limited liability company known as Motiva Enterprises , LLC. Motiva refines and markets petroleum products in the eastern and Gulf Coast regions of the United States under the Royal Dutch Shell Shell brand. Category Saudi Aramco Petroleum company stub SaudiArabia company stub ... more details
Infobox film name Refining Fires image image size caption director Tom Ricketts producer writer narrator starring Harry von Meter Harry Van Meter br Charlotte Burton br Jean Durrell br Louise Lester br Jack Richardson actor Jack Richardson br Vivian Rich music cinematography editing distributor Mutual Film released January 18, 1915 runtime country FilmUS language Silent film br English intertitles Refining Fires is a 1915 in film 1915 American silent film silent short film short drama film directed by Tom Ricketts . The film stars Harry von Meter Harry Van Meter , Charlotte Burton , Jean Durrell , Louise Lester , Jack Richardson actor Jack Richardson , and Vivian Rich . Cast Harry Van Meter as John Alstrom Vivian Rich as Mary Jack Richardson as Judge Stone Charlotte Burton as Nina the judge s daughter Louise Lester as Sister Superior Jean Durrell Mrs.Tom Ricketts as Florence External links imdb title id 0495412 Category 1915 films Category 1910s drama films Category American drama films Category American short films Category American silent films Category Black and white films short silent film stub ... more details
No footnotes date November 2008 Refining as in non metallurgical uses consists of purifying an impure material, in this case a metal. It is to be distinguished from other processes such as smelting and calcining in that those two involve a chemical change to the raw material, whereas in refining, the final material is usually identical chemically to the original one, only it is purer. The processes used are of many types, including pyrometallurgy pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgy hydrometallurgical techniques. Lead Cupellation Main Cupellation One ancient process for extracting the silver from lead was cupellation . Lead was melted in a bone ash test or cupel and air blown across the surface. This oxidise d the lead to litharge , leaving a button of silver. In ancient times, the litharge was discarded, but more usually it was re smelted to lead. Pigs of Roman lead have been found marked EX ARG argentum is Latin for Silver . This presumably indicated that the lead had already been de silvered. This process was viable economically if the lead contained at least 8 troy ounce s of silver per ton of lead 178 ppm . Citation needed date September 2009 In the 18th century, the process was carried on using a kind of reverberatory furnace , but differing from the usual kind in that air was blown over the surface of the molten lead from bellows or in the 19th century blowing cylinders ... Fire refining The initial product of copper smelting was impure black copper, which was then repeatedly ... refining processes was capable of producing copper that was 99.25 pure Electrolytic refining The purest ... process was needed, usually described as fining , rather than refining . From the 16th century, this was undertaken ... refining is used in a narrower context. Henry Cort s original Puddling metallurgy puddling process ... raw material for finery forges. To use grey pig iron , a preliminary refining process was necessary ... metal and refined iron . Precious metals Precious metal refining is the separation of precious ... more details
Orphan date November 2010 Zinc refining is the process of purifying zinc to super high grade SHG zinc, which is at least 99.995 pure. This process isn t usually required when smelting zinc through electrolysis processes, but is needed when zinc is produced by pyrometallurgical processes, because it is only 98.5 pure. There are various refining methods, but the refluxing process is the most commonly used. High purity zinc is required industrially to avoid zinc pest , a slow distortion and cracking of zinc die castings caused by impurities precipitating out. Refluxing process The New Jersey Zinc Company invented this process in 1930. The process take advantage of the relatively low boiling point of zinc convert 907 C F as compared to the impurities being removed in the first column iron and aluminium . Therefore, in the first column the zinc is heated above its boiling point and allowed to rise to a condenser. The other impurities sink to the bottom in the form of a solid or liquid. There is still lead and cadmium , in the form of vapor, impurities. In order to remove the lead 2 3 of the vapor is condensed, which draws the majority of the lead out of the vapor down to the point where it is only 0.003 of the total contents. Finally the vapor is pumped into the cadmium column where it is cooled to an intermediate temperature below the boiling point zinc, but still above the boiling point of cadmium convert 767 C F . The zinc leaves out the bottom as a refined liquid, while the cadmium leaves out the top as vapor. See also Zinc smelting ZAMAK References Citation last Porter first Frank title Zinc Handbook Properties, Processing, and Use in Design publisher CRC Press pages 21 22 year 1991 url http books.google.com ?id laACw9i0D wC isbn 0 8247 8340 9 . Category Metallurgical processes Category Zinc ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Turnarounds or TAR s are scheduled events wherein an entire process unit of an industrial plant refinery , petrochemical plant, power plant , pulp and paper mill, etc. is taken offstream for an extended period for revamp and or renewal. Turnaround is a blanket term that encompasses more specific terms such as I&Ts Inspection & Testing , debottlenecking projects, revamps and catalyst regeneration projects. Turnaround can also be used as a synonym of Downtime shutdowns and outages . Turnarounds are expensive both in terms of lost production while the process unit is offline and in terms of direct costs for the labour, tools, heavy equipment and materials used to execute the project. They are the most significant portion of a plant s yearly maintenance budget and can affect the company s bottom line if mismanaged. ref http www.maintenanceresources.com bookstore maintenancemanagement plantturnarounds.pdf Practical Management for Plant Turnarounds Chapter 1 ref Turnarounds have unique project management characteristics ref http www.interplansystems.com html docs atc wht.paper.html Project Vs. Turnaround Breakdown of differences from Engineering, Procurement and Construction projects ref which make them volatile and challenging. References Reflist Category Chemical engineering Category Oil refining ... more details
Orphan date October 2006 refimprove date March 2010 Houston Refining formerly known as Lyondell Citgo Refining or LCR . The convert 270200 oilbbl d m3 d sing on July, 2007 refinery is located on the Texas Gulf Coast in Houston , covering nearly convert 700 acre km2 along the Houston Ship Channel . History The origins of Houston Refining date to 1918 when Harry Sinclair Sinclair Oil began building a battery still on the site. As the refinery grew, additional processing units were built to produce lubricants and aromatic chemicals, and with the addition of the fluid catalytic cracker in 1952 and the 736 coker in 1968 the refinery emerged as one of the earliest full conversion refineries on the Texas Gulf Coast. In 1969 Sinclair Oil was acquired by Atlantic Richfield Arco . Although Arco was primarily an oil company, the company realized the potential synergies between the Houston refinery and a chemicals complex it owned in nearby Channelview, Texas. To take advantage of this, Arco invested in a major expansion of the refinery that was completed in 1976 and that enabled it to process heavy sour crude to produce refined products and chemical plant feeds. At the same time, two world scale ethylene crackers were built at the Channelview complex that were capable of processing naphtha and heavier liquids from the refinery. By the early 1980s, however, the commodity chemicals business entered a prolonged period of oversupply, and the performance of Arco s Houston area assets began to decline. In addition, Arco s strategic planning group in Los Angeles, headed by Dr. Bob Gower, developed a long range forecast calling for a decline in the price of crude oil. At the time Arco was in a bidding war with Chevron for Gulf Oil, but the crude oil price forecast made that acquisition look increasingly less favorable. Adding to the uncertainty was the value of Gulf s chemical assets. Bob ... bought CITGO s share, and as a result, Houston Refining became a wholly owned subsidiary of Lyondell ... more details
The Colonial Sugar Refining Company may refer to CSR Limited Australian company Colonial Sugar Refining Company Fiji the sugar plantations in Fiji Chelsea Sugar Refinery the New Zealand company formed by Colonial Sugar Disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date May 2008 Eddy Refining Company is an petroleum oil oil refinery refinery business with headquarters located in Houston, Texas . Founded in 1946 by Eddy C. Scurlock , owner and founder of Scurlock Oil Company , the refining company is a private business with annual sales of 1,700,000. Category Oil companies of the United States Category Companies established in 1946 Category Companies based in Houston, Texas petroleum company stub ... more details
Infobox Company company name United Refining Company company logo File United Refining logo.png company type Privately held company Private foundation 1902 location Warren, Pennsylvania Warren , Pennsylvania , United States locations key people John Catsimatidis small Chief executive officer CEO small br James E. Murphy small Chief financial officer CFO small br Myron L. Turfitt small Chief operating officer COO small area served Ohio , Pennsylvania, br and New York industry List of petroleum companies Oil and natural gas , Convenience store s products Petroleum and derived products revenue United States dollar 2,387,171,000 ref name report cite press release title United Refining Company Reports Fiscal 2009 Year End Results publisher United Refining Company date November 30, 2009 format Portable document format PDF accessdate April 28, 2010 url http www.urc.com pdfs media center 2009 11 ... www.urc.com www.urc.com footnotes intl The United Refining Company is an oil company in Warren, Pennsylvania ... last Carroll first Jim title United Refining hikes capacity newspaper Erie Times News date May 10, 2007 ... Refining Company was founded in 1902 by Harry Logan, Sr. Harry Logan, Jr. succeeded his father as president and chairman of the United Refining in 1957. In 1981, John Catsimatidis acquired United Refining ... 70000 oilbbl d m3 d in 2007. Citgo United Refining acquired the brand name of Citgo, when in 2002 ... . ref cite news last Martin first Jim title Warren, Pa. based United Refining buys convenience ... Refining officials watched to see if the brand became too hot to handle ref name boycott and drop ... Refining also removed some Citgo signs from gas stations they were operating in upstate New York and Pennsylvania ... archivedate September 28, 2007 ref Alternate energy United Refining is looking for sources of ethanol ... News title Ethanol panel has customer ref Convenience stores United Refining Company distributes its ..., Pennsylvania reflist External links http www.urc.com United Refining Co. website Convenience ... more details
American Sugar Refining, Inc. , headquartered in Yonkers , New York , is the world s largest cane sugar refining company, with a production capacity of more than seven million tons of sugar. The company produces a full line of consumer, industrial, food service and specialty sweetener products. Across North America , American Sugar Refining owns and operates six sugar refineries as well as specialty sweetener production facilities and a strategic warehousing and distribution system that combine to provide seamless production and delivery of its products to customers across the United States , Canada and Mexico . In the European Union , the company owns and operates sugar refineries in England and Portugal . The company s products are sold through a brand portfolio that includes the premiere sugar brands http www.dominosugar.com Domino , http candhsugar.com C&H , http www.floridacrystals.com Florida Crystals , http www.redpathsugars.com Redpath and Tate & Lyle . American Sugar Refining is owned by http www.floridacrystals.com Florida Crystals Corporation and the http www.scgc.org Sugar Cane Growers Cooperative of Florida . Category Sugar Category Corporations ... more details
Summary logo fur REQUIRED Article Western Refining Use Org HIGHLY RECOMMENDED Source http www.wnr.com images wf logo.jpg ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Used for Owner Website History Commentary OVERRIDE FIELDS Description Portion Low resolution Purpose Replaceability other information Licensing Non free logo ... more details
Infobox Company company name North Atlantic Refining Ltd. company logo Image Northatlantic.png center 250px company type Subsidiary company slogan foundation 1994 location St. John s, Newfoundland and Labrador St. John s , Newfoundland and Labrador Newfoundland key people revenue industry Petroleum refining and marketing num employees products parent Korea National Oil Corporation homepage http www.northatlantic.ca North Atlantic North Atlantic Refining is a petroleum company based in Newfoundland and Labrador , Canada . The company operates the Come By Chance Refinery in Come By Chance, Newfoundland and Labrador Come By Chance that produces 115,000 barrels of oil per day. The company was formed in 1994 as a subsidiary of Vitol , which acquired the refinery from Cumberland Farms that same year. It was sold to Harvest Energy Trust in 2006. In 2009, the company was purchased by the Korea National Oil Corporation . ref cite web title History of the Refinery at Come by Chance url http www.northatlantic.ca history.asp publisher North Atlantic Refining accessdate 9 August 2010 ref Gas stations North Atlantic Refining operates or supplies 70 gas stations in Newfoundland and Labrador. Of these, the 36 larger stations are branded North Atlantic , most having been purchased from Petro Canada . These stations are involved in North Atlantic s YAY Card http www.yaycard.ca Yay Rewards Website points program and offer a wider range of services than the remaining stations. The 34 smaller stations are branded Home Town and are located in smaller communities, usually off of Newfoundland s main routes. References reflist External links http www.northatlantic.ca Official North Atlantic website http www.vitol.com Vitol website http www.cbc.ca news story 2005 12 16 come 051216.html Come By Chance refinery up for sale , Canadian Broadcasting Corporation CBC .ca, December 16, 2005 http nlrefining.com pdf art 1156445625.pdf Harvest Energy Pays C 1.6B for Vitol s North Atlantic Refining petroleum ... more details
Hunt Refining Company was founded by oilman H.L. Hunt as an asphalt refining company in 1946. Today it owns and operates a convert 52000 oilbbl d m3 d sing on petroleum refinery in Tuscaloosa, Alabama Tuscaloosa , Alabama . The plant also includes a convert 16000 oilbbl d m3 d sing on Coker unit coker and a convert 15000 oilbbl d m3 d sing on diesel Hydrodesulfurization hydrotreater . ref name Hunt cite web title Hunt Refining Company work Corporate Website url http www.huntrefining.com date 2006 03 30 ref In 2006, they announced plans for a 500 million expansion to the refinery. ref name Expansion cite news last Wortham first April title Hunt Plans 500 Million Expansion work Tuscaloosa News url http www.tuscaloosanews.com apps pbcs.dll article?AID 20060721 NEWS 607210333 1007 NEWS04 date 2006 07 21 ref John A. Matson has served as President of Hunt Refining since 1992. In 2010 Matson announced his retirement effective at the end of the year. Shanmuk Sharma was selected to replace Matson and became the President of Hunt Refining Company in April of 2010. Sharma joined Hunt Refining Company from COLP Peru LNG project where he was the project manager on the Hunt s joint venture to deliver natural gas from the rainforest of Peru to the new LNG plant on the West coast of Peru. Sharma has been on the Peru LNG project for the last five years. References div class references small references div Alabama stub US company stub petroleum company stub Category Energy resource facilities in Alabama Category Oil refineries in the United States Category Oil companies of the United States Category Companies based in Tuscaloosa, Alabama ... more details
Summary Non free media rationale Description logo of the United Refining Company Source http www.urc.com with minor editing to remove background Portion Resolution less than 250px Article United Refining Company Purpose This image is a low resolution image of a company s logo. This image does not limit the copyright holder s ability to profit from the original source, nor will it dilute the importance or recognition of the logo in connection with its company. This image enhances the article in which it s displayed, as it provides an immediate relevance to the reader more capably than the textual description alone. Use of the company s logo visually identifies the company and its products in a manner that mere prose cannot, and meets all criteria in WP NFCC . Replaceability Cannot be replaced by a free image Not replaceable logos are always presumed non free. Licensing Non free logo Category Company logos Category Oil company logos ... more details
Nofootnotes date January 2008 Refimprove date January 2008 Infobox Company company name U.S. Refining Co. company logo Image USOR2.jpg 125px company type Subsidiary company slogan revenue foundation 1952 as Pacific Oil & Refining Co. br 1955 as U.S. Oil & Refinin Tacoma Tacoma, Washington , USA num employees 160 industry Petroleum refining Oil Refining products Petrochemical homepage http www.usor.com www.usor.com U.S. Oil & Refining Co. is an oil refinery located in the tideflats of Tacoma , Washington U.S. state Washington . History USOR was organized in 1952 as a privately held corporation, then named Pacific Oil & Refining Co. The president of the company at that time was Dr. Ernest Lyder. The company was formed for purposes of building an oil refinery in the Pacific Northwest . In 1954, the refinery s present site in Tacoma was purchased, and in 1955 its name was changed to U.S. Oil & Refining Co. Construction of the initial facility, a convert 5000 oilbbl d m3 d stream refinery, began during the summer of 1955. Construction was completed in mid 1957. By the end of that year, the refinery was in full operation. Chico Marx entertained at the ground breaking ceremony on July 22, 1955, for the new 10 million plant. Tacoma Mayor Harold Tollefson and senators Warren G. Magnuson and Henry M. Jackson also attended the ceremony. The site had been a favorite spot for fishing, swimming, and duck hunting in earlier years. The west end of the site had once been the city landfill, which at one time contained unmodified, unstripped Japanese Zero s brought over from after World War II . The east end of the site was once wetlands . A second crude unit, capable of processing heavy crude oil , used in the manufacture of paving grade asphalt, became operational in 1959. USOR was sold ... www.usor.com U.S. Oil & Refining s home page http www.aot.ch Astra Oil Trading web site http www.transcor.be ...?privcapId 4276673 Business Week company profile of U.S. Oil & Refining Category History of the petroleum ... more details
The American Sugar Refining Company ASR was the largest American business unit in the Sugar refinery sugar refining industry in the early 1900s. Establishment The ASR was incorporated in the state of New Jersey on January 10, 1891, with 50 million in capital. ref name arrington cite book last Arrington first Leonard J. title Beet sugar in the West a history of the Utah Idaho Sugar Company, 1891 1966 publisher University of Washington Press year 1966 oclc 234150 pages 54 55 ref By 1907, it owned or controlled 98 of the sugar processing capacity in the United States and was known as the Sugar Trust. ref Encyclopedia of New York City ref ref name arrington The United States Supreme Court declared in United States v. E. C. Knight Company that its purchase of the stock of competitors was not a combination in restraint of trade . ref , 156 U.S. 1, 15 S.Ct 249 1895 ref By 1901, the company had 90 million in capital. ref name arrington The company became known as Domino Sugar in 1900. Expansion The combination horizontal integration expanded horizontally for about twenty years as new competitors arose later it vertical integration expanded vertically , undertaking the production of cane sugar and raw sugar in Cuba and acquiring lumber interests. The company was investigated by the Industrial Commission in 1900 and by a special United States Congressional committee congressional committee in 1911 1912. A federal suit for its dissolution begun in 1910 was terminated by consent decree announced December 21, 1921, when it was stated that its effective control of refined sugar had dropped from 72 to 24 . According to the Encyclopedia of New York City , the struggle ended with a settlement in 1922 that allowed the firm to remain intact but forced it to refrain from unfair business practices ... , the sugar refining industry declined as alternatives to sugar and modern technology were introduced. American Sugar Refining Company continued to dominate the sugar industry in the United States ... more details
Unreferenced date December 2008 The Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited company was originally organized in 1927 as Eldorado Gold Mines Limited to develop a gold mine in Manitoba . Its president Gilbert LaBine later found radioactive deposits at Great Bear Lake , Northwest Territories in 1930, which led to the development of the Eldorado Mine at Port Radium, Northwest Territories Port Radium . They built a state of the art refinery in Port Hope , Ontario in 1933. Radium production took place between 1933 and 1940 when World War II closed European markets for radium material. The other byproduct of the company was silver , copper , and uranium salts. Uranium was useless until scientists realized the enormous energy potential of the uranium atom. The company reopened the mine at Port Radium in 1942 to supply the United States military with uranium products. The Canadian Government took over the company by purchasing share control in 1943, and in early 1944 the name was changed to Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited. The crown corporation held a monopoly on uranium prospecting and development in Canada until 1948. Together with a discovery of the Port Radium deposits, the Eldorado company opened the Beaverlodge Mine at Uranium City , Saskatchewan . It entered production in 1953. In the 1960s the nature of sales changed when the United States military ceased purchasing of Canadian uranium ores for the purpose of atomic weapons, and from then on uranium was produced for power plants. During this period the name of the company was changed to Eldorado Nuclear Limited. The crown corporation was dismantled in 1988 and merged with assets of the Saskatchewan Mining Development Corporation Saskatchewan Mining Development Corporation SMDC to become Cameco Cameco Corporation . The old records of the company are housed in the National Archives of Canada . Former mine sites partial list Umisk Island Category Defunct mining companies of Canada Category Uranium mining companies of Canada ... more details
Pasadena Refining System, Inc. PRSI is a refinery company. ref http www.scandoil.com moxie bm2 news fluor selected by petrobras affiliate for refinery.shtml Fluor selected by Petrobras Affiliate for refinery study in the U.S . Scandinavian Oil Gas Magazine . February 4, 2010. Retrieved on August 9, 2010. ref The company has its headquarters in Pasadena, Texas , United States. ref http www.pasadenarefining.com PRSWeb en ContactUs.aspx Contact Us . Pasadena Refinery System. Retrieved on August 9, 2010. ref As of 2008 it is a 50 50 partnership between Petrobras and Astra Holding USA, the USA subsidiary of NPM CNP Compagnie Nationale Portefeuille CNP , and it is Petrobras s only American oil holding. ref Woodall, Bernard. http uk.reuters.com article idUKN1528936120080516 INTERVIEW Petrobras to slowly expand role in U.S. Reuters . Friday May 16, 2010. Retrieved on August 9, 2010. ref In 2006 Petrobras bought a 50 percent stake in Pasadena Refinery System for 360 million. ref http www.bizjournals.com houston stories 2006 09 18 daily25.html Petrobras buys 50 percent stake in Pasadena refinery . Houston Business Journal . Wednesday September 20, 2006. Retrieved on August 9, 2010. ref In 2007 Petrobras engaged in negotiations with Astra Holding in an attempt to buy the other half. ref http uk.reuters.com article idUKN2128374720071221 Petrobras in talks to buy US refinery s other half . Reuters . Friday December 21, 2007. Retrieved on August 9, 2010. ref References reflist External links Portalbox Houston Companies Energy http www.pasadenarefining.com PRSWeb en Default.aspx Pasadena Refining System energy company stub Category Companies based in Texas Category Pasadena, Texas Category Petrobras pt Pasadena Refinery System Inc ... more details
Image Anacortes Refinery.jpg right 300px Anacortes Refinery in Anacortes, Washington Petroleum refining processes are those chemical engineering processes and other facilities used in petroleum refineries also referred to as oil refineries to transform crude oil into useful products such as liquefied petroleum gas LPG , gasoline gasoline or petrol , kerosene , jet fuel , diesel oil and fuel oil s. ref name Handwerk cite book author Gary, J.H. and Handwerk, G.E. title Petroleum Refining Technology and Economics edition 2nd Edition publisher Marcel Dekker, Inc year 1984 id ISBN 978 0 8247 7150 8 ref ref name Leffler cite book author Leffler, W.L. title Petroleum refining for the nontechnical person edition 2nd Edition publisher PennWell Books year 1985 id ISBN 978 0 87814 280 4 ref ref cite book author James G, Speight title The Chemistry and Technology of Petroleum edition Fourth Edition publisher CRC Press year 2006 id 0 8493 9067 2 ref Petroleum refineries are very large industrial complexes ... units and storage tanks. Each refinery has its own unique arrangement and combination of refining processes ... oil. Brief history of the petroleum industry and petroleum refining Prior to the nineteenth century ... refineries in the United States consisted simply of Petroleum refining processes Thecrude oil distillation ... viscosity breakers, units to lower the viscosity of the oil . All of the many other refining ... Petroleum refining processes The crude oil distillation unit Crude Oil Distillation unit ... worldwide in 2005 was byproduct sulfur from petroleum refining and natural gas processing plants ... petroleum refinery that depicts the various refining processes and the flow of intermediate ... products and end products. ref name Handwerk ref name Leffler ref http www.uop.com refining 1010.html ... diagram of a typical petroleum refinery. Refining end products The primary end products produced in petroleum refining may be grouped into four categories light distillates, middle distillates, heavy ... more details
for the India based oil company Indian Oil Corporation Indian Refining Company was an American oil company in operation from 190? to April 2, 1943. It was bought by the Texas Company in 1931. Publications Heavy liquid asphalt binder for road construction, liquid asphalt, road preserver and dust eliminator , 1909 ref http books.google.com books?id oEoOHAAACAAJ at Google Books ref Inspection of refinery, Georgetown, Ky., by members of The National Petroleum Association, Independent Petroleum Marketers Association, and by the governor and state officials of Kentucky , 1910 ref http books.google.com books?id dLbmHgAACAAJ at Google books ref The old costly method, the economical modern method , 1910 ref http books.google.com books?id 2vlxGwAACAAJ at Google Books ref Havoline tours, book 15, California , 1911 ref http books.google.com books?id Y1DSGwAACAAJ at Google Books ref Annual statement date unknown ref http books.google.com books?id UiwCRAAACAAJ at Google Books ref References refs External links http web.archive.org web 20091027033300 http geocities.com indianrefining1931 http www.oldgas.com info texacohist.html Category Defunct American oil companies Category Texaco US company stub ... more details
Image ewrsmelt.jpg thumb lright 200px Balbach Smelting and Refining Company on the Passaic River , ca. 1870 Balbach Smelting NOTE & Ampersand by historical convention Refining Company also known as Balbach and Sons Refining and Smelting Company was a smelting plant in Newark, New Jersey operating in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It was the first commercial electrorefining electrolytic refinery in the United States. ref name wipo http www.wipo.int pctdb en wo.jsp?IA WO2004097075&DISPLAY DESC WO 2004 097075 METHODS & APPARATUS FOR CATHODE PLATE PRODUCTION Bot generated title ref , and until its closure in the 1920s, it was the second largest metal processing enterprise in the United States. ref name nh2 History The company president was Edward Balbach Jr. a metallurgist born in 1839 in Karlsruhe , Baden, Germany . He came to the United States in 1848 with his father Edward Balbach Sr. 1804 1890 who started the Balbach family fortune by collecting gold and silver dust from Newark jewelry shop floors, turning it into bullion. ref name nh ref name ww In 1865 Edward Balbach, Jr. patented the Balbach Process ref http books.google.com books?id XhIOAAAAYAAJ&pg RA10 PA1532&lpg RA10 PA1532&dq 22balbach process 22&source web&ots CKa 6RXOdb&sig 4pzbMw 81s2fskkBNfs2GZAQtQ ref which more efficiently separated gold and silver from lead ref name nh2 http www.newarkhistory.com riverbank.html Riverbank Park, Newark Bot generated title ref ref name nh ref name ww http books.google.com books?id 6sef9ko0po4C&pg PA34&lpg PA34&dq balbach newark&source web&ots YS4RXRyfF&sig hG9PKwj1 2D2ub JqKYOVxwR7Ng ref , which later evolved into the Parkes process ref http books.google.com books?id 6S8AAAAAMAAJ&pg PA561&lpg PA561&dq 22balbach process 22&source web&ots II52l 4Gf2&sig GUUSqUo6YnqOFZF78VANf5CLbzA ref . In 1881, the Balbachs began to manufacture copper, just in time for a boom in demand thanks to the inventions of the telegraph and telephone. ref name nh2 In 1883 the factory opened ... more details
Infobox Company company name Azzawiya Oil Refining Company company logo company type State owned foundation 1976 location flagicon Libya Libya key people industry Petroleum industry products Kerosene br Naphtha br Crude oil br Gasoline br Fuel oil revenue operating income net income num employees homepage The Azzawiya Oil Refining Company ARC is a subsidiary of the National Oil Corporation NOC , incorporated under Libya n Commercial Law since 1976. ARC operates the Zawia Refinery , which was built in 1974 by Snamprogetti , Italy . Zawia is currently the country s second largest oil refinery after the Ras Lanuf refinery . Primary products include naphtha, gasoline, kerosene light, vacuum gas oil, fuel oil, base lubricating oils, and asphalt . Overview In 1974, ARC began production with a nameplate capacity of 60,000 bpsd and in 1977, capacity doubled to 120,000 bpsd. The Zawia refinery is supplied with associated units for utility needs like power, steam production via boilers, desalination units, air compressors and a tankfarm for storing crude oil , intermediate and finished products. Two atmospheric distillation plants can process almost all Libyan crude oil and produce naphtha, kerosene light and heavy gas oil and fuel oil . The Crude Distillation unit has a desalter, which removes decrease salt content to acceptable levels both topping units have stabilizers to remove lighter gases which is diverted to the fuel gas system. Two naphtha hydrotreaters remove and decrease sulfur compounds, nitrogen compounds and other heavy metallic compounds and prepare feedstock for catalytic refromers. Each unit is also accompanied with a splitter to separate light and heavy naphtha. The two platforming units utilizes heavy naphtha as feedstock produces refromate, which is used as blending stock for gasoline production. The Platforming unit also produces Liquefied petroleum gas LPG as a bye product. Two kerosene hydrotreaters are utilized to produce desulfurised kerosene or Jet A 1 ... more details
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