A referencedose is the United States Environmental Protection Agency s maximum acceptable oral Dose biochemistry dose of a toxic substance. Reference doses are most commonly determined for pesticide s. The EPA defines an oral referencedose abbreviated RfD as blockquote A n estimate, with uncertainty spanning perhaps an order of magnitude , of a daily oral exposure to the human population including sensitive subgroups that is likely to be without an appreciable risk of deleterious effects during a lifetime. ref http www.epa.gov economics children basic info glossary.htm r EPA Glossary ref blockquote Regulatory Status Unlike National Ambient Air Quality Standards , RfDs are not enforceable standards. Instead, the EPA uses RfDs as risk assessment benchmarks and tries to set other regulations so that people are not exposed to chemicals in amounts that exceed RfDs. According to the EPA, a n ... endosulfan red.pdf Reregistration Eliligibility Decision for Endosulfan ref Types of RfDs Reference doses are chemical specific, i.e. the EPA determines a unique referencedose for every substance ... substance. Reference doses are specific to dietary exposure. When assessing inhalation exposure, EPA uses Reference Concentrations, RfC s , instead of RfDs. Note that RfDs apply only to non ... of the substance in question, and the largest dose at which no effects are observed is identified. This dose level is called the No observable effect level, or NOEL. To account for the fact that humans ... of a NOEL. If adverse effects are observed at all dose levels tested, then the smallest dose tested ... to be 0.005 mg kg day based on a study in which male rats were administered a one time dose of chlorpyrifos ... dose levels tested, the lowest of which was 1.5 mg kg. This level was thus identified at the lowest ... dose or PAD. For chlorpyrifos, the acute PAD or aPAD is thus 5 10 sup 4 sup mg kg day, and it applies ... for 2 years. Cholinesterase inhibition was observed at all dose levels tested, and a NOAEL of 0.03 ... more details
Referencedose , the United States Environmental Protection Agency s maximum acceptable oral dose of a toxic substance Dose may also refer to Dose Artist , a New Zealand Drum & Bass producer International Dnb Dj, who is now based in London,U.K www.myspace.com nzdose Dose album , a 1998 album by the jam band Gov t Mule Dose magazine , a free daily Canadian magazine Dose song , a song by the band ...wiktionary Dose Dosis dosage dose doses dosis Dose means quantity in the following fields In nutrition , medicine , and toxicology Dose biochemistry , the quantity of something that may be eaten by or administered to an organism, or that an organism may be exposed to Medicine and toxicology Absorbed dose , an amount of radiation received Dose profile , taken by a radiation detector in order to characterise the radiation beams from medical linear accelerators Dosing , the process of administering ... dose , is the dose of a toxic substance or radiation required to kill half the members of a tested population after a specified test duration Defined daily dose , a World Health Organization statistical measure of drug consumption Effective dose , the smallest amount of a substance required to produce a measurable effect on a living organism Equivalent dose , a measure of radiation dosage to tissue Maximum tolerated dose , the highest dose of a radiological or pharmacological treatment that will produce the desired effect without unacceptable toxicity Optimal Biological Dose , the quantity of a radiological ... Dose , a compilation album released by the American hard rock band Great White in 2004 Double Dose ..., and poet from Idaho Gerd Dose 1942 2010 , professor of English literature and culture at the University of Hamburg from 1985 to 2007 Dosage is a synonym for the biochemical term dose, but it can ..., or inability, to negotiate the various distances at which horse races are run disambig de Dose Begriffskl rung fr Dose nl Dosis ja ru ... more details
Refimprove date April 2010 about help in citing references Wikipedia Citing sources the Wikipedia Reference Desk Wikipedia Reference desk Wiktionary A reference , is derived from Middle English referren ... from this root, including referee, reference, referendum , all retaining the basic meaning of the original ... reference is use in every sphere of human knowledge, adopting shades of meaning particular to the contexts ... form. This includes methods that intentionally hide the reference from some observers, as in cryptography . The following sections give specific usages of reference in different subjects. Knowledge ... science Main Reference computer science In computer science , Reference computer science reference ... variety of data structure s, such as linked list s. Generally, a reference is a value that enables ... of reference. Computer programming, programs & data Expand section date February 2011 The C programming language has a specific type of reference also referred to as a reference see reference C . Bibliographies Expand section date February 2011 Bibliographies are special reference work s that are used ... for other authors or researchers. Library & information sciences In a library , reference may refer to a dictionary , an encyclopedia or other reference work , that contains many brief articles that cover a broad scope of knowledge in one book, or a set of books. However, the word reference is also used to mean a book that cannot be taken from the room, or from the building. Many of the books in the reference department of a library are reference works, but some are books that are simply too large or valuable to loan out. Conversely, selected reference works may be shelved with other library circulation ... Uniform Resource Identifier URI . Librarians also conduct reference interview s at the library reference ... though virtual reference and digital reference services . Encyclopedias & books of facts Expand section date February 2011 Some published sources are produced as reference work s that allow ... more details
Up the Dose may refer to Up the Dose Skrape album Up the Dose Skrape album Up the Dose The Mentors album Up the Dose The Mentors album disambig ... more details
Collective dose is a measure of the total amount of effective dose multiplied by the size of the exposed population. Collective dose is usually measured in units of person R ntgen equivalent man rem or person sievert s, or man rem or man sievert. References Reflist http www.euronuclear.org info encyclopedia collectivedose.htm European Nuclear Society Glossary http www.hps.org publicinformation ate q525.html Health Physics Society See also Radioactivity Radiation poisoning Ionizing radiation Total effective dose equivalent Deep dose equivalent Cumulative dose Committed dose equivalent Committed effective dose equivalent Radiation Category Radioactivity Category Radiation health effects nuclear stub fr Dose collective ... more details
A unit dose is the amount of a medication administered to a patient in a single dose. Unit dose packaging is the packaging of a single dose in a nonreusable container. It is increasingly used in hospital s, nursing home s, etc. Medications in unit dose packaging are easily identifiable and can be returned to the pharmacy if the medication is discontinued. http www.fda.gov ora compliance ref cpg cpgdrg cpg430 100.html Category Packaging Category Pharmacy es Dosis unitaria ... more details
Cumulative dose is the total dose resulting from repeated exposures of ionizing radiation to an occupationally exposed worker to the same portion of the body, or to the whole body, over a period of time. References Reflist http www.nrc.gov reading rm basic ref glossary cumulative dose.html USNRC Glossary See also Radioactivity Radiation poisoning Collective dose Committed dose equivalent Committed effective dose equivalent Radiation Category Radioactivity Category Radiation health effects nuclear stub ... more details
Tolerable dose may refer to Maximum tolerated dose before death Tolerable upper intake levels , maximal recommended dietary intake not to have harmful effects disambig ... more details
Unreferenced date February 2007 In External Beam Radiotherapy , transverse and longitudinal dose measurements are taken by a radiation detector in order to characterise the radiation beams from medical linear accelerators . Typically, an ionisation chamber and water phantom are used to create these radiation dose profiles. Water is used due to its tissue equivalence. Image dose profile 15MV.gif Central Axis Dose profile for 15MV photon beam incident on water phantom. Here the linear accelerator collimation projects a 1x1 cm2 field at isocentre i.e. 100 cm SSD Transverse dose measurements are performed in the x crossplane or y inplane directions perpendicular to the radiation beam, and at a given depth z in the phantom. These are known dose profiles. Dose measurements taken along the z direction create radiation dose distribution known as a depth dose curve. See also Dosimetry Percentage depth dose curve Category Oncology Category Radiation Category Radiation oncology Category Medical physics de Querprofil Strahlentherapie ... more details
Mergewith Equivalent dose date December 2008 Absorbed dose also known as total ionizing dose , TID is a measure of the energy deposited in a medium by ionizing radiation . It is equal to the energy deposited per unit mass of medium, which may be measured as joules per kilogram and represented by the equivalent SI unit, Gray unit gray Gy , or the U.S. customary unit, rad unit rad . Note that the absorbed dose is not a good indicator of the likely biological effect. 1 Gy of alpha particle alpha radiation would be much more biologically damaging than 1 Gy of photon radiation for example. Appropriate weighting factors can be applied reflecting the different relative biological effects to find the equivalent dose . The risk of stochastic effects due to radiation exposure can be quantified using the effective dose , which is a weighted average of the equivalent dose to each organ depending upon its radiosensitivity. When ionising radiation is used to treat cancer, the doctor will usually prescribe the radiotherapy treatment in Gy. When risk from ionising radiation is being discussed, a related SI unit for equivalent dose, the sievert , would be used. See also Specific absorption rate External links http www.ornl.gov info reports 1982 3445603573381.pdf Specific Gamma Ray Dose Constants for Nuclides Important to Dosimetry and Radiological Assessment , Laurie M. Unger and D. K . Trubey, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, May 1982 contains gamma ray dose constants in tissue for approximately 500 radionuclides. Category Physical quantities Category Units of radiation dose Category Radiobiology be x old ca Dosi absorbida de Energiedosis es Dosis absorbida fa it Dose assorbita nl Geabsorbeerde dosis ja no Absorbert dose pl Dawka poch oni ta ru sl Absorbirana doza fi Absorboitunut annos sv Absorberad dos tr Radyasyon dozu ... more details
Unreferenced date November 2006 orphan date November 2009 Dose concentration is the measure of the ratio of the mass physics mass of the drug to the volume that contains it, often measured in units of mole chemistry mole s m sup 3 sup . DEFAULTSORT Dose Concentration Category Pharmacology Category Toxicology med toxic stub Pharmacology stub ... more details
A loading dose is an initial higher dose of a drug that may be given at the beginning of a course of treatment before dropping down to a lower maintenance dose . ref name urlCp vs time iv infusion with loading dose cite web url http www.chm.davidson.edu erstevens iv 20load 20Cp 20v 20t iv 20load 20Cp 20v 20t.html title Cp vs time iv infusion with loading dose format work accessdate ref A loading dose is most useful for drugs that are eliminated from the body relatively slowly. Such drugs need only a low maintenance dose in order to keep the amount of the drug in the body at the appropriate level, but this also means that, without an initial higher dose, it would take a long time for the amount of the drug in the body to reach that level. Drugs which may be started with an initial loading dose include digoxin , teicoplanin , voriconazole and procainamide . Phenytoin for acute status epilepticus should also be given with an initial loading dose, co administered with a benzodiazepine , to immediately stabilize neuronal membranes and electrical activity during a seizure. Worked example For an example, one might consider the hypothetical drug foosporin . Suppose it has a long Biological ... one gram. So, the maintenance dose of foosporin is 100 milligrams 100 mg per day&mdash just enough ... a loading dose of one gram to be taken on the first day. That immediately gets the drug s concentration ... clears 100 mg overnight, still leaving 900 mg, and so forth. Calculating the loading dose Four variables are used to calculate the loading dose C sub p sub desired peak concentration of drug V ... dose may then be calculated as math mbox Loading dose frac C p V d F S math For an intravenously .... If the patient requires an oral dose, bioavailability will be less than 1 depending upon absorption, first pass metabolism etc. , requiring a larger loading dose. Sample values and equations ... Dose de ataque ... more details
Mergewith Absorbed dose discuss talk relative biological effectiveness date December 2008 Mergewith Relative biological effectiveness discuss talk relative biological effectiveness date January 2011 class wikitable style float right Weighting factors W sub R sub for equivalent dose Radiation Energy w sub R sub x ray s, gamma ray s, electron s, br positron s, muon s 1 neutron s 10 keV 5 10 keV 100 keV 10 100 keV 2 MeV 20 2 MeV 20 MeV 10 20 MeV 5 proton s 2 MeV 2 alpha particle s, Nuclear fission product s, br heavy atomic nucleus nuclei 20 The equivalent dose H sub T sub is a measure of the radiation dose to tissue where an attempt has been made to allow for the different relative biological effects of different types of ionizing radiation . Equivalent dose is therefore a less fundamental quantity than radiation absorbed dose , but is more biologically significant. Equivalent dose has the SI unit of sievert . Another unit, roentgen equivalent man rem , is still in common use in the United States, although regulatory and advisory bodies are encouraging transition to sieverts 1 sievert 100 Roentgen equivalent man rem . ref name nrc definitions cite web url http www.nrc.gov reading rm doc collections cfr part034 part034 0003.html title NRC Regulations ... Government ref Equivalent dose H sub T sub is calculated by multiplying the absorbed dose to the organ ... H sub T , R sub equivalent dose to tissue T from radiation R D sub T , R sub absorbed dose D in grays ... Rad unit Gray unit Banana equivalent dose Counts per minute Curie Becquerel Roentgen unit Roentgen ... Dose equivalent glossary of the European Nuclear Society Category Physical quantities Category Units of radiation dose Category Radiobiology de quivalentdosis es Dosis equivalente eo Ekvivalenta dozo fa fr Dose quivalente is Geisla lag it Dose equivalente mk nl Equivalente dosis ja pl R wnowa nik dawki poch oni tej pt Dose equivalente ru sl ... more details
Unreferenced date August 2009 A lethal dose LD is an indication of the lethality of a given substance or type of radiation . Because resistance varies from one individual to another, the lethal dose represents a dose usually recorded as dose per kilogram of subject body weight at which a given percentage of subjects will die. The most commonly used lethality indicator is the LD50 , a dose at which 50 of subjects will die. LD measurements are often used to describe the power of venoms in animals such as snakes . Animal based LD measurements are a commonly used technique in drug research, although many researchers are now shifting away from such methods. LD figures depend not only on the species of animal, but also on the mode of administration. For instance, a toxic substance inhaled or injected into the bloodstream may require a much smaller dosage than if the same substance is swallowed. LD values for humans are generally estimated by extrapolating results from testing on animals or on human cell culture s. One common form of extrapolation involves measuring LD on animals like mice or dogs, converting to dosage per kilogram of biomass, and extrapolating to human norms. While animal extrapolated LD values are correlated to lethality in humans, the degree of error is sometimes very large. The biology of test animals, while similar to that of humans in many respects, sometimes differs in important aspects. For instance, mouse tissue is approximately fifty times less responsive than human tissue to the venom of the Australasian funnel web spider Sydney funnelweb . The square cube law can also complicate the scaling relationships involved. The minimum number of animal that can ... result. See also Lowest published lethal dose Toxicology DEFAULTSORT Lethal Dose Category Medical emergencies Category Toxicology cs Smrteln d vka de Letale Dosis es Dosis letal fr Dose l tale lt Mirtinoji doz ja nds D dlich Dosis pl Dawka miertelna pt Dose letal ro Doz letal sl Smrtni ... more details
In medicine, a booster dose is an extra administration of a vaccine after an earlier dose. After initial immunization , a booster injection or booster dose is a re exposure to the immunizing antigen . It is intended to increase immunity against that antigen back to protective levels after it has been shown to have decreased or after a specified period of time. For example, tetanus shot boosters are often recommended every 10 years. ref Citation publisher Mayo Clinic date 2006 09 21 accessdate 2008 07 17 title Tetanus Prevention url http www.mayoclinic.com health tetanus DS00227 DSECTION prevention ref If a patient receives a booster dose, but already has a high level of antibody, then a reaction called an Arthus reaction could develop, a localized form of Type III hypersensitivity , induced by fixation of complement by preformed circulating antibodies. In severe cases, the degree of complement fixation can be so substantial that it induces local tissue necrosis . ref citebook title Remington the science and practice of pharmacy author University of the Sciences in Philadelphia, David B. Troy, Joseph Price Remington, Paul Beringer year 2005 publisher Lippincott Williams & Wilkins isbn 0781746736 ref See also DPT vaccine References refs Category Vaccination he ja ... more details
Dose dumping is a phenomenon of drug metabolism in which environmental factors can cause the premature and exaggerated release of a medication drug . This can greatly increase the concentration of a drug in the body and thereby produce Adverse effect medicine adverse effects or even drug induced toxicity . ref http www.chestjournal.org cgi content abstract 87 6 758 Food induced dose dumping from a once a day theophylline product as a cause of theophylline toxicity , a landmark 1985 study on dose dumping observed when theophylline was taken with fatty meals. ref Dose dumping is most commonly seen in drugs taken by mouth and digested in the gastrointestinal tract . Around the same time patients take their medication, they can also ingest other substances like fatty meals or Ethanol alcohol that increase drug delivery . The substances may act on the drug s capsule pharmacy capsule to speed up drug release, or they may stimulate the body s absorptive surfaces to increase the rate of drug uptake. In general, Pharmaceutical company drug companies try to avoid drugs with significant dose dumping effects. Such drugs are prone to problems and are often pulled from the market. Such was the case with the pain medication Palladone SR due to its dose dumping effects when taken with alcohol. ref http www.webmd.com pain management news 20050714 palladone pain drug pulled off market Palladone Pain Drug Pulled Off the Market as reported by WebMD in July 2005. ref References references Category Pharmacokinetics pharma stub ... more details
about a measure of medication or chemical exposure Dose disambiguation A dose is a quantity of something chemical , physical, or biological that may impact an organism biologically the greater the quantity, the larger the dose. In nutrition , the term is usually applied to how much of a specific nutrient is in a person s diet or in a particular food, meal, or dietary supplement . In medicine , the term is usually applied to the quantity of a drug or other agent administered for therapeutic purposes. In toxicology dose may refer to the amount of a harmful agent such as a poison , carcinogen , mutagen , or teratogen , to which an organism is exposed. Chemicals are the most common things for which doses are measured, but there are others, such as radiation exposure. For humans, most doses of micronutrients and medications are measured in milligrams mg , but some are measured in microgram s because of their potency. Nonmedicinal poisons span the measurement scale some poisons are so dangerous that a single microgram of it could be deadly, while other substances take much more. For example, even Water intoxication water is toxic when consumed in large enough quantities. Effects are dose dependent Dosage quantity the size of each dose determines the strength and duration of the health benefits ... of exposure, that is, the period of time over which the dose was received all at once or gradually ... immediate dose could be deadly . The Drug delivery route by which a dose is exposed to, may affect ... health. Calculation of dose Calculating drug dosages for humans based on the doses used in animal studies ... usage. These include LD50 Median lethal dose , a dose which will kill 50 of an exposed population NOEL No Observed Effect Level, the highest dose known to show no effect NOAEL No Observed Adverse Effect Level, the highest dose known to show no adverse effects PEL Personal Exposure Limit, the highest ... Doz ja pl Dawka pt Dose ro Doz ru sl Odmerek sv Dos medicin tr Doz ... more details
Dose is a daily Canadian news website and former daily print magazine . Dose was a mixture of standalone features and coverage of daily news, sometimes from an irreverent perspective. Each daily issue had a theme, and the top margins of every page usually included trivia items related to the theme. History Dose magazine was launched on April 4, 2005, and was distributed in five major Canadian cities Toronto , Vancouver , Calgary , Edmonton , and Ottawa . Different news articles from the five cities are still featured on the website. The magazine hoped to earn revenue through advertising and selling mobile content via the website and was aimed at the lucrative demographic of 18 to 34 year olds. The website targets this market too. Dose was published by Noah Godfrey , son of CanWest board of directors member Paul Godfrey . The content team included editor in chief, Pema Hegan and creative director, Jaspal Riyait . The magazine was the product of Canwest Mediaworks Publications Inc. originally the Calgary Herald Group , which was in turn part of the same corporate conglomerate, Canwest , that publishes the National Post , among many other newspapers in Canada, including the Montreal Gazette and the Ottawa Citizen . Canwest also controls the Global Television Network in Canada. Known for its artistic covers, Dose magazine won design awards at Communication Arts , Society for News Design , Society of Illustrators and the Canadian National Magazine Awards . On May 17, 2006, Canwest discontinued publication of the print edition of Dose , but indicated that the magazine s online presence and selling of mobile content would continue. On July 14, 2010, Canwest completed the sale of its publishing division, which includes Dose, to the new company Postmedia Network . ref http www.marketingmag.ca ... www.dose.ca Dose Postmedia Category Canadian news magazines Category National newspapers published ... Dose dergi ... more details
Unreferenced date March 2008 Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Dose Type studio Artist Gov t Mule Cover Dose cover.jpg Released February 24, 1998 Recorded Genre Southern rock br Blues rock Length Label Producer Reviews Allmusic Rating 4 5 Allmusic class album id r333154 pure url yes link Last album Live from Roseland Ballroom br 1996 This album Dose br 1998 Next album Live... With a Little Help from Our Friends br 1999 Dose is the second studio album released by Gov t Mule . It is a much darker record than Gov t Mule s self titled debut album. The songs Thelonius Beck and Birth of the Mule were tributes to jazz musicians Thelonious Monk and Miles Davis , respectively. Track listing All songs by Warren Haynes unless otherwise noted. Blind Man in the Dark 6 47 Thorazine Shuffle Haynes Abts 6 46 Thelonius Beck 3 33 Game Face 7 55 Towering Fool Haynes Abts 6 22 Birth of the Mule Haynes Woody Abts 6 41 John the Revelator song John the Revelator traditional 3 49 She Said, She Said Lennon McCartney 6 57 Larger Than Life 5 13 Raven Black Night 5 29 I Shall Return 5 40 Personnel Warren Haynes vocals, guitar , percussion instrument percussion Matt Abts Drum kit drums , percussion Allen Woody bass guitar bass , mandolin Michael Barbiero production, tambourine on John the Revelator Category Gov t Mule albums Category 1998 albums fr Dose album ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name A Double Dose Type compilation Artist Great White band Great White Cover DoubleGW.jpg Released 2004 Recorded Genre Hard Rock Length Label Deadline Music Producer Reviews Last album Thank You...Goodnight br 2002 This album A Double Dose br 2004 Next album Rock Me The Best of Great White br 2006 A Double Dose is a compilation album released by the United States American hard rock band Great White in 2004. The album combines the band s two cover albums Recover Great White album Recover and Great Zeppelin A Tribute to Led Zeppelin . Track listing Disc one In the Light Living Loving Maid She s Just a Woman Ramble On Since I ve Been Loving You No Quarter Tangerine Going to California Thank You D Yer Maker All My Love Immigrant Song When the Levee Breaks The Rover Stairway to Heaven Disc two Love Removal Machine Again and Again Ready for Love Bitches and Other Women medley Bitch It s Only Rock and Roll Women Tangled Up in Blue Burning House of Love Ain t No Way to Treat a Lady Sin City No Matter What Fire and Water Down to the Doctor Lady Love Great White DEFAULTSORT Double Dose, A Category Great White compilation albums Category Double compilation albums Category 2004 compilation albums 2000s hard rock album stub ... more details
Radiation poisoning Experiments in radiation biology have found that as the absorbed dose of radiation increases, the number of Cell biology cells which survive decreases. They have also found that if the radiation is fractionated into smaller Gray unit doses , with one or more rest periods in between, fewer cells cell death die . This is because of self repair mechanisms which repair the damage to DNA http users.rcn.com jkimball.ma.ultranet BiologyPages D DNArepair.html http www.benbest.com lifeext aging.html dna and other biomolecules such as proteins . These mechanisms can be over expressed in cancer cells, so caution should be used in using results for a cancer cell line to make predictions for healthy cells if the cancer cell line is known to be resistant to Cytotoxicity cytotoxic drugs such as cisplatin . The DNA repair DNA self repair processes in some organisms is exceptionally good for instance, the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans can tolerate a 15 000 Gy 1.5 MRad dose. In the graph below, called a Cell survival curve , the dose vs. surviving fraction have been drawn for a hypothetical group of cells with and without a rest time for the cells to recover. Other than the recovery time partway through the irradiation, the cells would have been treated identically. Image Effectofselfrepair.png center 600px This is a graph showing the effect of fractionation on the ability of gamma rays to cause cell death. The blue line is for cells which were not given a chance to recover the red line is for cells which were allowed to stand for a time and recover. The human body contains many types of cells, and the human can be killed by the loss of a single type of cells in a vital Organ anatomy organ . For many short term radiation deaths due to what is commonly known as radiation sickness 3 days to 30 days after exposure , it is the loss of bone marrow cells which produce blood cells , and the loss of other cells in the wall of the intestines , which is fatal ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 Derby s dose was a form of torture used in Jamaica to punish slavery slaves who attempted to escape. According to Malcolm Gladwell in his 2008 book Outliers book Outliers , The runaway would be beaten, and salt pickle, lime juice, and bird pepper would be rubbed into his or her open wounds. Another slave would defecate into the mouth of the miscreant, who would then be gagged for four to five hours. ref name Gladwell cite book last Gladwell first Malcolm authorlink Malcolm Gladwell year 2008 title Outliers book Outliers The Story of Success publisher Little, Brown and Company page 282 location New York, NY isbn 978 0 316 01792 3 ref The punishment was invented by Thomas Thistlewood , a plantation owner, and named for the slave, Derby, who was made to defecation defecate on the victim. ref name race cite book last1 Tate first1 Thad W. last2 Jordan first2 Winthrop D. last3 Skemp first3 Sheila L. year 1987 title Race and Family in the Colonial South Essays publisher University Press of Mississippi page 74 url http books.google.com books?id y9F2AAAAMAAJ&q 22derby 27s dose 22&dq 22derby 27s dose 22&ei 3D iSbG4PIuiyAS4kIyMAg&client firefox a&pgis 1 accessdate February 23, 2009 ref References reflist Jamaica stub Category Feces Category Slavery Category Torture ... more details
Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Double Dose Type live Artist Hot Tuna Cover DoubleDoseHotTuna.jpg Released March 13, 1978 Recorded August 5 6, 1977 at Theatre 1839 , San Francisco Genre Blues rock Length Label Grunt Records Grunt RCA Producer Felix Pappalardi br Don Gehman associate br Gail Collins Pappalardi Gail Collins associate Reviews Allmusic Rating 2.5 5 Allmusic class album id r40927 pure url yes link Last album Flight Log album Flight Log br 1977 This album Double Dose br 1978 Next album The Last Interview? br 1978 Double Dose was the eighth album by the American blues rock band Hot Tuna , and their third live album recorded with Grunt Records . The album was originally released as a double LP. After their 1977 tour, Jorma Kaukonen moved on to a solo career and Jack Casady joined the New Wave music New Wave band SVT band SVT . Hot Tuna would not perform together again until 1983. The album had its highest peak at 92 on the Billboard magazine Billboard charts. Track listing Side A Winin Boy Blues Jelly Roll Morton 5 57 Keep Your Lamps Trimmed and Burning Reverend Gary Davis 3 08 Embryonic Journey Jorma Kaukonen 1 56 Killing Time in the Crystal City Kaukonen 6 35 Side B I Wish You Would Billy Boy Arnold 4 20 Genesis Kaukonen 4 16 Extrication Love Song Kaukonen 4 26 Talking Bout You Chuck Berry 5 34 Side C Funky 7 Kaukonen, Jack Casady 8 49 Serpent of Dreams Kaukonen 6 43 Bowlegged Woman, Knock Kneed Man Bobby Rush , Calvin Carter 4 51 Side D I See the Light Kaukonen 5 49 Watch the North Wind Rise Kaukonen 4 58 Sunrise Dance with the Devil Kaukonen 5 38 I Can t Be Satisfied McKinley Morganfield 4 58 Personnel Side A Jorma Kaukonen vocals, acoustic guitar Side B C D Jorma Kaukonen vocals, guitar Jack Casady bass Nick Buck keyboards, backup vocal on Talking Bout You Bob Steeler drums Production Felix Pappalardi producer Don Gehman associate producer ... it Double Dose ... more details
Orphan date August 2010 Primary sources date July 2010 Refimprove date July 2010 Gerd Dose 9 October 1942 in Halstenbek 16 July 2010 in Gro ensee Holstein was a professor of English literature and culture at the University of Hamburg from 1985 to 2007. His main main research interests were Medieval English Literature, English comic literature, Cultural Studies, Australian Studies and the reception of war and the military in English comic literature. Also, research on constancy and variation in behaviour in Shakespeare s Tragedy Coriolanus. He set up Modern English Language Literatures as an area of teaching and research. Major Publications Adel und Gemeinwesen Bern Frankfurt a.M. Las Vegas,1977 , 234 S. ISBN 978 3261023285 Agatha Christie und nicht P. G. Wodehouse , in Anglistik und Englischunterricht, 17 Learning English Humor,II Trier, 1982 , 9 49. Nachahmung als Illusion , in H. H. Freitag P. H hn Hg. , Literarische Ansichten der Wirklichkeit, Anglo American Forum 12 Bern Frankfurt a.M. Cirencester, 1980 , S. 1 39. England Your England George Orwell on Socialism, Gentleness, and the English Mission , in Anglistik und Englischunterricht, 46 47 Englishness Heidelberg, 1992 , S. 241 261. Alternate Worlds Kingsley Amis The Alteration und Keith Roberts Pavane , in R. Ahrens Fr. W. Neumann Hg. , Fiktion und Geschichte in der anglo amerikanischen Literatur, Festschrift f r Heinz Joachim M llenbrock zum 60. Geburtstag Heidelberg Universit tsverlag C. Winter, 1998 , S. 315 338. Oh What a Lovely War War and Humour in British Literature, Media and Society , in Th. F. Schneider Hg. , Kriegserlebnis und Legendenbildung Das Bild des modernen Krieges in Literatur, Theater, Photographie ... . NAME Dose, Gerd ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH DEFAULTSORT Dose, Gerd Category 1942 births Category 2010 deaths Category German academics de Gerd Dose ... more details
unreferenced date March 2010 Infectious dose ID is the amount of pathogen measured in number of microorganisms required to cause an infection in the host. Usually it varies according to the pathogenic agent and the consumer s age and overall health. Infectious doses for some known microorganisms Escherichia coli very large 10 sup 6 sup 10 sup 8 sup of organisms Salmonella quite large 10 sup 5 sup of organisms Cholera relatively large 10 sup 4 sup 10 sup 6 sup of organisms Bacillus anthracis relatively large 10 sup 4 sup spores Campylobacter jejuni low 500 organisms Shigella very low 10s of organisms C.parvum very low 10 to 30 oocyst s Escherichia coli O157 H7 very low 10 organisms Entamoeba coli extremely low from 1 cyst Consumer Food Safety Category Food safety Category Foodborne illnesses Category Infectious diseases Category Nutrition Category Microbiology ... more details
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