Refimprove date December 2008 Reciprocity in socialpsychology refers to responding to a positive action with another positive action, and responding to a negative action with another negative one. Positive reciprocal actions differ from altruistic actions as those only follow from other positive actions and they differ from social gift giving in that those are not actions taken with the hope or expectation of future positive responses. Reciprocal actions are important to socialpsychology as they can help explain the maintenance of social norms . If a sufficient proportion of the population interprets the breaking of a social norm by another as a hostile action and if these people are willing to take potentially costly action to punish the rule breaker then this can maintain the norm in the absence of formal sanctions. The punishing action may range from negative words to complete social ostracism . In public good experiments, behavioral economists have demonstrated that the potential for reciprocal actions by players increases the rate of contribution to the public good, providing evidence for the importance of reciprocity in social situations. ref cite journal first Ernst last Fehr coauthors and Simon G chter year 2000 month Summer title Fairness and Retaliation The Economics of Reciprocity journal Journal of Economic Perspectives volume 14 issue 3 pages 159 181 id ISSN 0895 3309 doi 10.1257 jep.14.3.159 ref In mathematics , game theory describes reciprocity as a highly effective Tit for Tat strategy for the iterated prisoner s dilemma . In the animal world reciprocity exists in the social behaviour of Baboons . Male Baboons will form alliances with one another in order ... for returning favor activity favors from others. See also Reciprocity cultural anthropology Reciprocitysocial and political philosophy References references Category Socialpsychology Category Community ... social sv Reciprocitetsprincipen ... more details
Books, 1986. ref evolutionary psychology , reciprocitysocialpsychologysocialpsychology , ref Gergen, Kenneth J., Martin Greenberg, and Richard H. Willis, eds. Social Exchange Advances in Theory and Research . New York Plenum, 1980. ref reciprocity cultural anthropology cultural anthropology and rational ... altruism tit for tat prisoner s dilemma Reciprocitysocialpsychology References references Aristotle ...The social norm of reciprocity is the expectation that people will respond to each other in similar ways ... of reciprocity, along with related ideas such as gratitude , have been central to social ... of reciprocity for social life, in which the qualitative similarity or fittingness of the response ... the social and personal benefits of the norm of reciprocity itself. How, for example, may .... Socialpsychology. Allan Gibbard Gibbard, Allan . Constructing Justice. Philosophy & Public Affairs .... Social contract, with reference to mutuality and reciprocity. Henry Sidgwick Sidgwick, Henry . The Methods ... donations to an international organization can be a form of reciprocity for the receipt of very personal benefits, such as the love of a parent. The norm of reciprocity varies widely in its details ... often claimed, however, that having some version of the norm appears to be a social inevitability. ref Gouldner, Alvin. The Norm of Reciprocity. American Sociological Review 25 1960 161 78. ref Reciprocity figures prominently in social exchange theory , ref Blau, Peter M. Exchange and Power in Social ... Basic Books, 2006. ref Patterns of Reciprocity One to one reciprocity .Some reciprocal relationships ... ring Kula exchange in the Trobriand Islands. One to many and many to one reciprocity often lies somewhere between direct reciprocal arrangements and generalized reciprocity. Informal clubs in which ... communities. All of these are similar to direct reciprocity, since the beneficiaries are identified ..., these cases differ significantly from precisely defined one to one cases. Generalized reciprocity ... more details
Wiktionarypar reciprocityReciprocity may refer to Social sciences and humanities Norm of reciprocity , social norm of in kind responses to the behavior of others Reciprocity cultural anthropology , way of defining people s informal exchange of goods and labour Reciprocity evolution , mechanisms for the evolution of cooperation Reciprocity international relations , principle that favours, benefits, or penalties that are granted by one state to the citizens or legal entities of another, should be returned in kind Reciprocitysocial and political philosophy , concept of reciprocity as in kind positive or negative responses for the actions of others relation to justice related ideas such as gratitude, mutuality, and the Golden Rule Ethic of reciprocityReciprocitysocialpsychology , in kind positively or negatively connotated responses of individuals towards the actions of others Serial reciprocity , where the benefactor of a gift or service will in turn provide benefits to a third party Natural sciences and mathematics Reciprocity electromagnetism , theorems relating sources and the resulting fields in classical electromagnetism Reciprocity mathematics Reciprocity network theory , theorem about transfer function of passive networks Screw theory Reciprocity of twist and wrench Reciprocity of twist and wrench , in screw theory Reciprocity theorem disambiguation , several unrelated results Particular Reciprocity Canadian politics Reciprocity photography , the relationship between the intensity of the light and duration of the exposure that result in identical exposure Traffic violations reciprocity where non resident drivers are treated like residents Reciprocity Fringe Reciprocity Fringe , an episode of the television series Fringe Place Reciprocity No. 32, Saskatchewan , rural municipality in Canada See also Mutual assent in Contract law, sometimes called Reciprocity Symbiosis , an interaction between two organisms living together in more or less intimate association Reciprocal ... more details
Socialpsychology is the study of the relations between people and groups or how situational factors ... interdisciplinary area are typically either psychology psychologists or sociology sociologists , though all social psychologists employ both the individual and the group sociology group as their Unit of analysis units of analysis . ref http books.google.com books?id hrydA45eCk0C&q social psychology&dq social psychology&pgis 1 SocialPsychology, David G. Myers, McGraw Hill, 1993. ISBN 0070442924 ... on the golden age of interdisciplinary socialpsychology. Annual Review of Sociology , Vol. 15 ... The Psychology of the Social, Uwe Flick, Cambridge University Press, 1998. ISBN 0521588510. ref Psychology Portal Psychology Main SocialpsychologypsychologySocial psychologists are trained in rigorous experimental methods within the academic discipline of psychology. Their approach to the field ... Contemporary socialpsychology is characterised by a fundamental commitment to the experimental method ... The Scientific Status of SocialPsychology title Controversial Issues in Social Research Methods ... psychology are interested in such topics as Attitude psychology attitudes , social cognition , cognitive ... and SocialPsychology , the Journal of Experimental SocialPsychology , and the Personality and SocialPsychology Bulletin . There are also many other general and specialized socialpsychology journals. Sociology Main Socialpsychology sociology Sociologists work has a greater focus on the behavior ..., social identity, and symbolic interactionism. The key sociological journal is SocialPsychology Quarterly . See also Portal Sociology Crowd psychology Interactionism Labeling theory List of social psychologists Neuroculture Social neuroscience Us and Them The Science of Identity book SocialPsychology ... SocialPsychology Network DEFAULTSORT SocialPsychology Category Socialpsychology af Sosiale ... simple Socialpsychology sk Soci lna psychol gia sl Socialna psihologija sr ... more details
Reciprocity law may refer to Reciprocity law mathematics , typefied by the law of quadratic reciprocityReciprocity photography disambig ... more details
and Reciprocitysocialpsychology . The power and ubiquity of the norm of reciprocity can be used ... Google Scholar Norm of reciprocity Category Advertising Category Socialpsychology Category Ethical ...The norm of reciprocity is the social expectation that people will respond to each other in kind returning benefits for benefits, and responding with either indifference or hostility to harms. The social norm of reciprocity often takes different forms in different areas of social life, or in different ... , or mutual goodwill. See Reciprocitysocial and political philosophy for an analysis of the concepts involved. An underlying norm of reciprocity is by itself a powerful engine for motivating, creating, sustaining, and regulating the cooperative behavior required for self sustaining social organizations ... in a hostile world. Thus, the norm of reciprocity ultimately has survival value. ref Aronson, W. A. 2007 . SocialPsychology 6th Edition. New Jersey Pearson Education, Inc. ref Furthermore, being ... PPCV are the two most common measures of the reciprocity norm in organizational research. POS is the degree ..., R., Huntington, S., & Sowa, D. 1986. Perceived organizational support. Journal of Applied Psychology ... reciprocity dynamic with employees, as employees tend to perform better to pay back POS Rhoades ... of the literature. Journal of Applied Psychology, 87 698 714. ref PPCV is a construct that regards ... thought to be the organization s contribution to a negative reciprocity dynamic, as employees ... and Professional Identification on the Reciprocity Dynamic for Professional Employees. Academy of Management ... id 473&p id 1&p short AMJ ref In evolutionary psychology Evolutionary psychologists have used the norm of reciprocity to explain altruism by emphasizing our expectations that helping others will increase ..., 2006. Becker, Lawrence C. 1986 Reciprocity . London and New York Routledge. Paperback,1990 Chicago University of Chicago Press. Blau, Peter M. Exchange and Power in Social Life . New York John Wiley ... more details
Reciprocity theorem could refer to one of several completely different results. In pure mathematics Quadratic reciprocity , a theorem about modular arithmetic , along with several generalizations cubic reciprocity quartic reciprocity Artin reciprocity Weil reciprocity for algebraic curves Frobenius reciprocity theorem for group representation s. Stanley s reciprocity theorem for generating functions . Dedekind sums Reciprocity law Reciprocity theorem for Dedekind sums In physics Reciprocity electromagnetism , theorems relating sources and the resulting fields in classical electromagnetism Tellegen s theorem , a theorem about the transfer function of passive networks See also Reciprocity disambiguation Reciprocity mathematics disambig ... more details
A. Network reciprocity Real populations are not well mixed, but have spatial structures or social networks ...Reciprocity in evolutionary biology refers to mechanisms whereby the evolution of cooperative or altruistic behaviour may be favoured by the probability of future mutual interactions. A corollary is how a desire for revenge can harm the collective and therefore be naturally deselected. Main types of reciprocity Three types of reciprocity have been studied extensively Direct reciprocity Indirect reciprocity Network reciprocity Direct reciprocity Direct reciprocity was proposed by Robert Trivers as a mechanism for the evolution of cooperation ref R. Trivers, Q. Rev. Biol. 46, 35 1971 . ref . If there are repeated ... even if it pays each player, in the short term, to defect when the other cooperates. Direct reciprocity ... the same two individuals exceeds the cost to benefit ratio of the altruistic act w c b Indirect reciprocity In the standard framework of indirect reciprocity, there are randomly chosen pairwise encounters ... of cooperation by indirect reciprocity. Natural selection favors strategies that base the decision ... to receive help. The calculations of indirect reciprocity are complicated and only a tiny fraction ... , Karl Sigmund K. Sigmund , Nature 393 , 573 1998 . ref . Indirect reciprocity can only promote ... nature04201 22 September 2005 ref Individual acts of indirect reciprocity may be classified as upstream ... reciprocity occurs when an act of altruism causes the recipient to perform a later act of altruism ... reciprocity occurs when the performer of an act of altruism is more likely to be the recipient ..., and defectors have no costs, and their neighbors receive no benefits, network reciprocity can favor ... for the Evolution of Cooperation Science 314 , 1560 2006 See also Ethic of reciprocity Polytely Reciprocal altruism References references Further reading Panchanathan K. & Boyd, R. 2004 . Indirect reciprocity .... 2003 A Tale of Two Defectors The Importance of Standing for the Evolution of Indirect Reciprocity ... more details
about the sociological approach to this discipline Socialpsychology sociology other approaches to this topic Group dynamics Psychology sidebar Socialpsychology is the science scientific study of how ... of others. ref Allport, G. W. 1985 . The historical background of socialpsychology. In G. Lindzey & E. Aronson Eds. , The handbook of socialpsychology. New York McGraw Hill. ref By this definition ... as a result of the interaction of mind mental states and immediate social situationism psychology situations ... a preference for laboratory based, empirical findings. list of socialpsychology theories Socialpsychology theories tend to be specific and focused, rather than global and general. Socialpsychology ... variables e.g. social structure to a much greater extent. Nevertheless, Socialpsychology sociology sociological approaches to socialpsychology remain an important counterpart to psychological .... ref Moscovici, S. & Markova, I. 2006 . The making of modern socialpsychology . Cambridge, UK Polity ... of socialpsychology. The discipline of socialpsychology began in the United States at the dawn ... effect bystander intervention , and aggression . By the 1970s, however, socialpsychology in America ... see Kenneth Gergen Gergen , 1973 . ref Gergen, K. J. 1973 . Socialpsychology as history. Journal of Personality and SocialPsychology , 26 , 309 320. ref This was also the time when a radical situationism .... Socialpsychology reached maturity in both theory and method during the 1980s and 1990s. Careful ... phenomena, but attribution psychology attribution , social cognition , and the self concept ... In socialpsychology, Attitude psychology attitudes are defined as learned, global evaluations of a person ... Conformity psychology conformity , interpersonal attraction , social perception , and prejudice ... is a growing area of socialpsychology that studies how people perceive, think about, and remember ... perception . A major research topic in social cognition is Attribution psychology attribution . Attributions ... more details
In mathematics, reciprocity may mean Quadratic reciprocity , a fundamental result in number theory. Generalisations include cubic reciprocity quartic reciprocity Artin reciprocity Weil reciprocity for algebraic curves Mathematics of CRC Reciprocal polynomials Reciprocal polynomials Reciprocal square root Iterative methods for reciprocal square roots Reciprocal square root Reciprocity projective geometry Unrelated theorems Frobenius reciprocityReciprocity law for Dedekind sums Stanley s reciprocity theorem . See also Reciprocity theorem disambiguation for other results of this name, including results in physics . mathdab zh ... more details
There have been a number of Reciprocity Treaties , including the Canadian American Reciprocity Treaty of 1855 the Reciprocity Treaty of 1875 between the United States and the Hawaiian Kingdom the Inter American Treaty of Reciprocal Assistance of 1947 also known as the Rio Treaty See also Reciprocity international relations disambig ... more details
unreferenced date August 2010 The Helmholtz reciprocity principle refers to the fact that incoming and outgoing light can be reversed without affecting the bidirectional reflectance distribution function BRDF outcome. If light was measured with a sensor and that light reflected on a material with a BRDF that holds the Helmholtz reciprocity principle one would be able to swap the sensor and light source and the measurement of flux would remain equal. In the larger scheme of global illumination , the Helmholtz reciprocity principle is important if the global illumination algorithm reverses light paths for example Raytracing versus classic light path tracing . See also Reciprocity electromagnetism Category Optics ... more details
often treat them as undirected ones for simplicity therefore the information obtained from reciprocity ... for example, when measuring the cluster coefficient . Finally, detecting nontrivial patterns of reciprocity ... A traditional way to define the reciprocity r is using the ratio of the number of links pointing ... of reciprocity has some defects. It cannot tell the relative difference of reciprocity compared with purely random network with the same number of vertices and edges. The useful information from reciprocity ... reciprocity as the correlation coefficient between the entries of the adjacency matrix of a directed ... r bar a 1 bar a math The new definition of reciprocity gives an absolute quantity which directly ... it has to be regarded as a less pronounced effect in sparser networks. Reciprocity for various types of networks The following table shows the calculated values of reciprocity for various types of networks, from the result we can see that networks of same type displays similar value of reciprocity ref name autogenerated1 Diego Garlaschelli, and Maria I. Loffredo. Patterns of Link Reciprocity in Directed Networks. Phys. Rev. Lett. 93 , 268701 2004 ref . Fig. 1 shows the reciprocity for three kinds ... more details
Confusing date January 2009 Reciprocity in linear system s is the principle that a response Rab , measured at a location and direction if applicable a , when the system has an excitation signal applied at a location and direction if applicable b , is exactly equal to Rba which is the response at location b , when that same excitation is applied at a . This applies for all frequencies of the excitation signal. If Hab is the transfer function between a and b then Hab Hba , if the system is linear. In the special case of a modal analysis this is known as Maxwell s reciprocity theorem ref http www.sdrl.uc.edu academic course info academic course info docs ucme663 v3 1.pdf ref The reciprocity principle is also used in the analysis of structures ref http books.google.com.au books?id FEQ0H3o lfoC&pg PA339&lpg PA339&dq reciprocity load deflection&source web&ots wkUItlfXxo&sig 8gKYuUF jYUM 5j8DdTX CpGvtU&hl en&sa X&oi book result&resnum 10&ct result ref . When combined with Superposition principle superposition , symmetry and anti symmetry, it can be used to resolve complex load conditions. References reflist Category Applied mathematics Category Engineering ... more details
Refimprove date January 2009 In photography reciprocity refers to the inverse relationship between the intensity ... exposure photography exposure range for film stock, for example, the reciprocity law states ... of reciprocity, once known as Bunsen Roscoe reciprocity, originated from the work of Robert Bunsen ...&dq Bunsen Roscoe reciprocity ref ref cite book title The Manual of Photography Photographic and Digital ... 0 240 51574 9 page 238 url http books.google.com ?id MblHnLN2N2kC&pg PA238&dq Bunsen Roscoe reciprocity ... ref Deviations from the reciprocity law were reported by Captain William de Wiveleslie Abney ... year 1907 page 214 url http books.google.com ?id luNIAAAAIAAJ&pg PA214&dq Abney Schwarzschild reciprocity ... ?id Q7M0zOHcUxsC&pg PA113&dq Abney Schwarzschild reciprocity failure ref Schwarzschild ... 1927 pages 109 123 url http books.google.com ?id Zi0rAAAAYAAJ&pg PA111&dq Kron catenary reciprocity ... The Effect of Temperature upon Reciprocity Law Failure in Photographic Exposure author J. H. Webb volume ... B cyAAAAMAAJ&q Kron halm&dq Kron halm ref to describe departures from reciprocity. In chemical photography In photography , reciprocity refers to the relationship whereby the total light energy proportional .... Reciprocity failure For most photographic materials, reciprocity is valid with good accuracy ... this range reciprocity failure , reciprocity law failure , or Schwarzschild effect . ref cite book title ... effect 22 ref As the light level decreases out of the reciprocity range, the increase in duration ... reciprocity factors see model below . At very low light levels, Photographic film film is less responsive ... as reciprocity failure. Each different film type has a different response at low light levels. Some films are very susceptible to reciprocity failure, and others much less so. Some films that are very ... a reciprocity correction factor of 1.5 would require the exposure to be extended to 6 seconds for the same result. Reciprocity failure generally becomes significant at exposures of longer than about ... more details
This page is about reciprocity theorems in classical electromagnetism. See also Reciprocity mathematics for unrelated reciprocity theorems, and Reciprocity disambiguation for more general usages of the term. In Maxwell s equations classical electromagnetism , reciprocity refers to a variety of related ... invariant linear media under certain constraints. Reciprocity is closely related to the concept of Hermitian ... such theorem is Lorentz reciprocity and its various special cases such as Rayleigh Carson reciprocity ... to the first. There is also an analogous theorem in electrostatics , known as Green s reciprocity , relating the interchange of electric potential and electric charge density . Forms of the reciprocity ... radio antenna systems. For example, reciprocity implies that antennas work equally well as transmitters ... patterns are identical. Reciprocity is also a basic lemma that is used to prove other theorems ... from the symmetries of the Eigenvalue, eigenvector and eigenspace eigen operators . Lorentz reciprocity ... reciprocity theorem then states, under certain simple conditions on the materials of the medium ... reciprocity theorem , after Lord Rayleigh s work on sound waves and an extension by John R. Carson ... voltage across another and vice versa see also below. Another special case of the Lorentz reciprocity ... mathbf dA oint S mathbf E 2 times mathbf H 1 cdot mathbf dA math Reciprocity for electrical networks Above, Lorentz reciprocity was phrased in terms of an externally applied current source and the resulting ... applied voltage and the resulting currents. The Lorentz reciprocity theorem describes this case as well ... hand side of the Lorentz reciprocity theorem can be rewritten by moving the from the external ... versa. In particular, the Rayleigh Carson reciprocity theorem becomes a simple summation math sum ... and proof of Lorentz reciprocity The Lorentz reciprocity theorem is simply a reflection of the fact ... of this the reciprocity theorem does not require time reversal invariance . The condition ... more details
Infobox Television episode Title Reciprocity Series Fringe TV series Fringe Image Caption Season 3 Episode 11 Airdate January 28, 2011 Production Writer Josh Singer Director Jeannot Szwarc Guests Ryan McDonald as List of Fringe characters Brandon Fayette Brandon Fayette Charles Parnell actor Charles Parnell as Dr. James Falcon Sean Campbell as Zach Alpert Episode list Fringe season 3 Fringe season 3 br List of Fringe episodes List of Fringe episodes Prev The Firefly Fringe The Firefly Next Concentrate and Ask Again Reciprocity is the eleventh List of Fringe episodes episode of the Fringe season 3 third season of the American science fiction drama television program television series Fringe TV series Fringe , and the fifty fourth episode overall. The episode has the Fringe division following a chain of shapeshifting shapeshifter murders as the assembly of the doomsday device nears completion. Plot The Fringe division visits a secured Massive Dynamic facility where the prime universe s version of the doomsday device , believed an artifact of the First People , has been assembled. The company ... section date January 2011 Reception Ratings On its initial broadcast, Reciprocity maintained similar ... to move that episode to the following week, when it airs opposite Concentrate and Ask Again . Reciprocity ... from the Los Angeles Times thought Reciprocity had all the aspects of Fringe I loved . Hanson particularly ... Reciprocity with a B , explaining that despite the awe inspiring opening which reminded him of the film ... reciprocity,50676 title Reciprocity first Noel last Murray date 2011 01 28 accessdate 2011 03 02 publisher A.V. Club ref References Reflist 2 External links Wikiquote Fringe Reciprocity .5B3.11.5D Reciprocity http www.fox.com fringe recaps season 3 episode 11 Reciprocity at Fox Broadcasting Company Fox IMDb episode 1635943 Reciprocity Tv.com episode 1371311 Reciprocity Fringe Fringe episodes DEFAULTSORT Reciprocity Category Fringe TV series episodes Category 2011 television episodes Category ... more details
dablink Law of Reciprocity redirects here. For the philosophical concept also known as the Golden Rule, see Ethic of reciprocity . In number theory , the law of quadratic reciprocity is a theorem about ..., which consists of two supplements and the reciprocity law Let p , q 2 be two distinct positive ... . Quadratic reciprocity br Let q sup sup q where the sign is plus if q 1 mod 4 and minus if q ... first proved quadratic reciprocity . See http books.google.com books?id NM36hgqmOLkC&pg PA30&lpg PA30 ... the formulations of quadratic reciprocity found by Legendre and Gauss. The Legendre Jacobi ..., it is a nonresidue mod p . The quadratic reciprocity law is the statement that certain patterns found ... 3 mod 4 . This leads to The first supplement to quadratic reciprocity math mbox The congruence x 2 ... are all 3 mod 8 . This leads to The second supplement to quadratic reciprocity math mbox ... of quadratic reciprocity math mbox If q equiv 1 pmod 4 mbox then math math mbox the congruence x ... s statement of quadratic reciprocity math mbox If p equiv1 pmod4 mbox or q equiv1 pmod4 mbox ... mbox or p equiv 1 pmod3. math He did not state the law of quadratic reciprocity, although the cases ... that led mathematicians to the reciprocity theorem. Euler Translated into modern notation, Euler stated ... . This is equivalent to quadratic reciprocity. He could not prove it, but he did prove the second ... are equivalent to quadratic reciprocity border 1 Theorem width 200 When width 200 it follows that I .... end cases math Legendre s version of quadratic reciprocity math left frac p q right begin ... reciprocity is based on a theorem of his math mbox Let a, b, mbox and c mbox be integers that satisfy ... of the Disquisitiones Arithmeticae Disquisitiones , listing the 8 cases of quadratic reciprocity ..., he christens it the fundamental theorem Gauss never used the word reciprocity . Introducing the notation ... reciprocity is by complete induction i.e. assuming it is true for all numbers less than n allows ... more details
Quartic or biquadratic reciprocity is a collection of theorems in Number theory Elementary number theory elementary and algebraic number theory algebraic number theory that state conditions under which the congruence relation congruence x sup 4 sup &equiv p mod q is solvable the word reciprocity comes ... conjectures about biquadratic reciprocity. ref Euler, Tractatus , 456 ref Carl Friedrich Gauss Gauss published two monographs on biquadratic reciprocity. In the first one 1828 he proved Euler ... reciprocity law for the Gaussian integers and proved the supplementary formulas. He said ref Gauss, BQ ... states that there has been an explosion of interest in the rational reciprocity laws since ... q by the first supplement of quadratic reciprocity &minus 1 is a quadratic nonresidue mod q , and since ... his proof only requires quadratic reciprocity for the integers and put the result in the following ... such that math tfrac p q 1. math Quadratic reciprocity says that math tfrac q p 1, math where math ... Burde s rational biquadratic reciprocity law. They all assume that p a sup 2 sup b sup 2 sup and q ... monograph on biquadratic reciprocity Gauss displays some examples and makes conjectures that imply the theorems ... reciprocity in this form ref Gauss, BQ, 67 ref ref proofs are in Lemmermeyer, chs. 6 and 8 ... left frac theta pi right . math Just as the quadratic reciprocity law for the Legendre symbol is also ... Bigg . math See also Quadratic reciprocity Cubic reciprocity Artin reciprocity Notes reflist 2 References ... monographs Gauss published on biquadratic reciprocity have consecutively numbered sections the first ... Lemmermeyer first1 Franz title Reciprocity Laws from Euler to Eisenstein publisher Springer location ... title Biquadratic Reciprocity Theorem These two papers by Franz Lemmermeyer contain proofs of Burde s law and related results http matwbn.icm.edu.pl ksiazki aa aa67 aa6747.pdf Rational Quartic Reciprocity http www.fen.bilkent.edu.tr franz publ aar2.pdf Rational Quartic Reciprocity II Category Algebraic ... more details
Cubic reciprocity is a collection of theorems in Number theory Elementary number theory elementary and algebraic number theory algebraic number theory that state conditions under which the Modular arithmetic congruence x sup 3 sup &equiv p mod q is solvable the word reciprocity comes from the form of the Statement of the theorem main theorem , which states that if p and q are primary numbers in the ring of Eisenstein integer s, both coprime to 3, The congruence x sup 3 sup &equiv p mod q is solvable if and only if x sup 3 sup &equiv q mod p is. History Sometime before 1748 Leonhard Euler Euler made the first conjectures about the cubic residuacity of small integers, but they were ... s published works mention cubic residues and reciprocity three times there is one result pertaining ... ref In the introduction to the fifth and sixth proofs of quadratic reciprocity 1818 ref Gauss, Theorematis ... to cubic and biquadratic reciprocity. Finally, a footnote in the second of two monographs on biquadratic reciprocity 1832 states that cubic reciprocity is most easily described in the ring of Eisenstein ... the full blown theorems and proofs of cubic and biquadratic reciprocity around 1814. ref Cox, pp. 83 ... second monograph on biquadratic reciprocity, Gauss says blockquote The theorems on biquadratic residues ..., BQ, 30, translation in Cox, p. 84 ref blockquote In his first monograph on cubic reciprocity ref ... not affect the statement of cubic reciprocity, but it does affect the unique factorization theorem ... also Quadratic reciprocity Quartic reciprocity Artin reciprocity Notes reflist 2 References The references ... The two monographs Gauss published on biquadratic reciprocity have consecutively numbered sections ... II, pp. 65&ndash 92 and 93&ndash 148 Gauss s fifth and sixth proofs of quadratic reciprocity are in citation ... first1 Franz title Reciprocity Laws from Euler to Eisenstein publisher Springer Science Business ... CubicReciprocityTheorem title Cubic Reciprocity Theorem Category Algebraic number theory Category Modular ... more details
The Society for Personality and SocialPsychology SPSP is an academic society for Personality psychology personality and Socialpsychologypsychologysocial psychologists with over 4500 members worldwide. SPSP serves as Division 8 of the American Psychological Association and publishes the journals Personality and SocialPsychology Bulletin and Personality and SocialPsychology Review and the biannual newsletter, Dialogue . It also co publishes the journal Social and Personality and Psychology Science . External links http www.spsp.org Society for Personality and SocialPsychology Website http www.apa.org about division div8.html Division 8 description from the American Psychological Association Category Psychology organizations psych stub ... more details
The Journal of Experimental SocialPsychology JESP is a scientific journal published by Psychology Press, and is distributed as part of dues to the membership of the Society of Experimental SocialPsychology SESP . It is highly cited and is considered one of the field s top journals. ref name elsevierjesp cite web url http www.elsevier.com wps find journaldescription.cws home 622874 description title Journal of Experimental SocialPsychology accessdate 2008 08 24 ref ref name impactfactor cite web url http www.psych.uw.edu.pl doktoranckie n2 pliki impact factor.pdf title 2001 Journal Impact Factor Psychology format pdf accessdate 2008 08 24 Dead link date October 2010 bot H3llBot ref JESP publishes original empirical papers on subjects like social cognition , Attitude psychology attitudes , group behaviour , social influence , intergroup relations, self and identity , nonverbal communication , and social psychological aspects of Affect psychology affect and emotion. Its current editor is Princeton University Department of Psychology Joel Cooper . See also Society of Experimental SocialPsychology External links http www.sciencedirect.com science journal 00221031 Website of the Journal of Experimental SocialPsychology References reflist Psychology Category Psychology journals Category Socialpsychology Psych stub socialscience journal stub bg ... more details
Italic title Infobox journal title Personality and SocialPsychology Review abbreviation cover image Personality and SocialPsychology Review.cover.gif editor Galen Bodenhausen frequency Quarterly discipline Personality psychology history website http psr.sagepub.com country UK publisher Sage impact 8.5 impact year 2008 ISSN 1088 8683 eISSN 1532 7957 OCLC Personality and SocialPsychology Review is a journal published by the Society for Personality and SocialPsychology SPSP . It publishes review and meta analytic articles on subjects like social cognition, attitudes, group processes, social influence, intergroup relations, self and identity, nonverbal communication, and social psychological aspects of affect and emotion, and of language and discourse. The current editor of the journal is Galen Bodenhausen at the Department of Psychology at Northwestern University . Its 2008 Impact Factor was 8.500, ranking it first in SocialPsychology. According to the 2008 Journal Citation Reports , its impact factor is 8.5 ranking it first in the SocialPsychology category. It is abstracted in many of the leading abstracting services including Pubmed , and Web of Science . External links http www.spsp.org pspr.htm Journal Website Psychology References references Category English language journals Category Psychology journals Category Personality journals Category SAGE academic journals sci journal stub Psych stub socialscience journal stub ... more details
The Asian Journal of SocialPsychology AJSP is a monthly psychology journal published by Blackwell Publishing . The journal is published in conjunction with the Asian Association of SocialPsychology and the Japanese Group Dynamics Association. AJSP publishes work in all aspects of social processes, including development, cognition, personality, health, counselling, organisation and education. External links http www.blackwellpublishing.com journal.asp?ref 1367 2223 Official webpage Category Psychology journals socialscience journal stub ... more details
Infobox Journal cover discipline Peer reviewed medical journal abbreviation Br J Soc Psychol publisher British Psychological Society country United Kingdom Britain history website http www.bps.org.uk publications journals bjsp bjsp home.cfm ISSN 0144 6665 British Journal of Social Psychology is a journal published by the British Psychological Society BPS . It publishes original papers on subjects like social cognition, attitudes, group processes, social influence, intergroup relations, self and identity, nonverbal communication, and social psychological aspects of affect and emotion, and of language and discourse. External links http www.bps.org.uk publications journals bjsp bjsp home.cfm British Journal of Social Psychology Psychology Category Psychology journals Category Publications with year of establishment missing Psych stub socialscience journal stub da British Journal of Social Psychology no British Journal of Social Psychology ... more details
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