Search: in
Randomizer
Randomizer in Encyclopedia Encyclopedia
  Tutorials     Encyclopedia     Videos     Books     Software     DVDs  
       
Encyclopedia results for Randomizer

Randomizer





Encyclopedia results for Randomizer

  1. Randomizer

    Mergeto Scrambler date February 2010 In telecommunication , a randomizer has the following meanings An algorithm that converts an input string into a seemingly random output string of the same length e.g., by pseudo random ly selecting bits to invert , thus avoiding long sequences of bits of the same value in this context, a randomizer is also referred to as a scrambler . An analog or digital source of unpredictable i.e., high entropy , unbiased, and usually independent i.e., random output bits. A truly random generator may be used to feed a more practical deterministic pseudo random random number generator , which extends the random seed value. note the MIL reference is very unclear on that point does it refer to true randomness, statistical randomness, or cryptographically secure randomness? Scrambling Scramblers are primarily used for two reasons For energy dispersal on the carrier, reducing inter carrier signal interference communication interference . To enable accurate timing recovery on receiver equipment without resorting to redundant line coding. Scramblers are essential components of physical layer system standards besides interleaving interleaved forward error correction coding and modulation . They are usually defined based on linear feedback shift register s LFSRs due to their good statistical properties and ease of implementation in hardware. It is common for physical layer standards bodies to refer to lower layer physical layer and link layer encryption as scrambling as well. ref EN 301 192, Specifications for Data Broadcasting , European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI , 2004. ref ref ETR 289, Support for use of scrambling and Conditional Access CA within digital broadcast systems , European Telecommunications Standards Institute ETSI , 1996. ref This may well be because traditional mechanisms employed are based on feedback shift registers as well. Some standards for digital television , such as Conditional access DVB CA and Multiprotocol ...   more details



  1. Hyper Techno Mix Revolution I

    Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Orphan date December 2009 HYPER TECHNO MIX REVOLUTION I released on May 30, 2001, is the first of three remix albums with the HYPER TECHNO MIX name in it. This is m.o.v.e s third remix album. Track listing gimme3 remixed by RAVEMAN knock em out remixed by D Z Gamble Rumble remixed by FRAGMA ROCK IT DOWN remixed by Achilles Damigos Bust the Future Wall remixed by DJ VISAGE Rage your dream remixed by RANDOMIZER RIDE ON THE WAVE Category Move Japanese band albums Category 2001 remix albums Category Avex Group remix albums 2000s electronic album stub ...   more details



  1. Social Psychology Network

    primary sources date March 2011 The Social Psychology Network SPN is an educational organization with more than 1,500 members worldwide. Founded by Scott Plous in 1996, the Network grew in its first three years to include more than 3,500 searchable links and three affiliated partner sites the Society of Experimental Social Psychology SESP.org the Society for Personality and Social Psychology and Research Randomizer Randomizer.org, a web based tool for random sampling and random assignment . By late 1998, the pages of SPN had been visited more than 750,000 times, and the National Science Foundation invited Dr. Plous to apply for a grant to further develop the Network. External links http socialpsychology.org socialpsychology.org Uncategorized date March 2011 ...   more details



  1. Dance Machine

    dancers and one dancing routine left. The randomizer selects the power dancer and the power dancer ... 2 Freestyle Semifinals The randomizer selects a power dancer from the three semifinalists and the power ... who did not dance yet would pass or play, or the randomizer would choose a new power dancer who ... which features the artist s name and the song s name. In the first episode, the randomizer would select ...   more details



  1. ShareTheMusic

    , date and place of birth, years of activity and represented music styles. Randomizer Another feature that allows to listen to the music on ShareTheMusic is Randomizer a multi channel, narrowly profiled radio station, in which users themselves are broadcasters. Each channel of Randomizer consists of a list .... Randomizer, similarly to the whole ShareTheMusic, is based on the principle of One 2 One Streaming ... on the site also Randomizer channels , and share the music with other users of the portal. Shared ...   more details



  1. Cryptographic Test Correction

    k,g 1,2 math means that math m i math is a bit. math epsilon i,j math math r i math first randomizer math r i,j math math q i math second randomizer math p math math p math secret key References references ...   more details



  1. Theatre-style live-action role-playing

    Unreferenced date March 2009 In role playing game s, theatre style live action role playing LARP is a style of freeform role playing game freeform , live action role playing game live action game distinguished by four principal attributes. While not every theatre style LARP has all of these attributes, strength in these areas distinguishes theatre style LARP The organizers are likely to have pre written characters for the players to play if not, they may provide much more proactive plotting and guidance during the event. The organizers in general provide more direction and are more likely to supply goals for the character. The action is likely to be generated or instigated by the players in what is called Player versus Player or PVP style game play. Theatre style describes an event in which players play in a background, ethos, or environment set up by the organizers, but may have a great deal of latitude in choosing how to behave and what to do within the setting. Organizers are more likely to provide guidance and less likely to prohibit or penalize changes of heart or compromises. It is likely that the game setup will involve elements of character versus character play. This means that characters may have mutually exclusive or irreconcilable goals, and may be in direct conflict, in some cases actually killing or sending each other out of the game. It is likely that combat will be symbolic combat, simulated with cards or a numeric system involving dice or some other randomizer such as rock, paper, scissors , or other more complex rules methods, rather than by fighting with padded weapons. Historically, the distinction of not involving live combat was seen as paramount, though some modern theatre style games have used elements of live combat successfully. Theatre style is not a specific brand or genre of LARP, but rather a style of LARP. Most Mind s Eye Theatre games could be described as theater style, for example, though their organizers tend to identify them more ...   more details



  1. Where the Ragged People Go

    Infobox Album See Wikipedia WikiProject Albums Name Where The Ragged People Go Type Album Artist Shining Norwegian band Shining Cover Shining Where The Ragged People Go.jpg Released 5 November 2001 ref name ballade cite web url http www.mic.no nmi.nsf doc art2001121012314231544518 title Shining p Herr Nilsen date 10 December 2001 work ballade.no language Norwegian accessdate 11 January 2010 ref Recorded May 2001 Genre Jazz Label BP Productions This album Where The Ragged People Go br 2001 Next album Sweet Shanghai Devil br 2003 Where the Ragged People Go is the first album by the Norwegian band Shining Norwegian band Shining . It was released in 2001 on BP Productions. All tracks are composed by J rgen Munkeby . The album title, Where the Ragged People Go , is a line from the song The Boxer by Simon & Garfunkel . ref name pf interview cite web url http pitchfork.com features interviews 6019 shining title Interview Shining author Matthew Murphy date 17 April 2005 work Pitchfork Media accessdate 11 January 2010 ref Track listing Spooks in the Hall 05 03 The Fool 05 21 Small Steps 04 13 Dalton City 07 05 Randomizer 04 35 Song of a Long Gone Girl 08 00 Hell s Bells 08 00 The Fool 06 34 Notes Reflist External links http www.last.fm music Shining Where The Ragged People Go 5B2001 5D Last.fm album page http www.youtube.com watch?v tKfH1qxTLYs Hell s Bells performed live at John Dee, Oslo 2005 on YouTube Category Shining Norwegian band albums Category 2001 albums 2000s jazz album stub no Where the Ragged People Go ...   more details



  1. Laromlab

    Laromlab is the stage name of Brandon Harrod , an American electronic music ian and computer artist working in the chiptune genre. Brandon Harrod had just released an album on the American label Mushpot Records in February 2008 when it was revealed that all of the tracks on the record were made by European chipmusicians in the collective YM Rockerz specifically Crazy Q, Dubmood , DMA SC and Lotek Style. ref name cmj http prod1.cmj.com articles display article.php?id 63047429 CMJ Laromlab Steals Entire Album ref In addition to the use of the YM Rockerz music on his self titled record, Laromlab has admitted to the use of songs by chipmusicians Aleksi Eeben , Goto 80 , Ikuma , Gasman and http randomizer.se 2008 04 dont imitate just innovate Randomizer . Laromlab had about 39 tour dates across the United States playing these artists music without their permission, ref http www.jivemagazine.com article.php?pid 26464 Jive Magazine Chiptune maestro Laromlab creator of new dance hits out of old video games ref as well as notable radio air play and featured music in podcasts. Mushpot Records dropped him from their label. ref name cmj ref http www.lastfm.se label Mushpot Records journal 2008 04 17 113w mushpot weekly ver 041208 Mushpot Weekly ver 041208 ref ref http mushpotrecords.com news ?p 37 Mushpot Records statement ref As of July 2008 no legal action has been taken in the matter. References reflist Similar cases Fitts for Fight 2007 Timbaland plagiarism controversy Crystal Castles band copyright Crystal Castles copyright disputes Persondata Metadata see Wikipedia Persondata . NAME ALTERNATIVE NAMES SHORT DESCRIPTION DATE OF BIRTH 1980 PLACE OF BIRTH DATE OF DEATH PLACE OF DEATH Category 1980 births Category Living people Category American electronic musicians Category Plagiarism Category 2008 in music Category Show business scandals ...   more details



  1. FractMus (software)

    Infobox Software name FractMus screenshot Image fractmus.jpg 250px caption A set of FractMus written and used by Gustavo D az Jerez latest release version 2000 3.0 developer Gustavo D az Jerez operating system Microsoft Windows Windows genre algorithmic music and Musical form composition license freeware website http www.gustavodiazjerez.com fractmus overview.html FractMus is a freeware algorithmic music generator program developed and maintained by Spanish people Spanish pianist and composer Gustavo D az Jerez . It has been primarily used by composers, performers, software designers, researchers and artists for creating music. Overview FractMus employs twelve algorithm algorithms for pitch generation drawn from number theory Thue Morse sequence , Collatz Conjecture Hailstone numbers , Pickover Earthwork sequence , chaos chaotic dynamics Logistic map , Lorentz attractor , H non map , Hopalong attractor, Gingerbreadman map , Martin attractor , cellular automata Cellular automaton Wolfram classes Wolfram 1D CA , noise 1 f noise , and randomness . It offers a set of tools to assist the compositional process. These include a data randomizer and a composition wizard , among others. Compositions data sets can be saved to a standard MIDI file for later refinement in a sequencer program or music editor. See also Algorithmic music External links http www.gustavodiazjerez.com fractmus overview.html FractMus Homepage Category Computer music software Category Windows software ...   more details



  1. Kiss Me Kiss Me, Baby

    Infobox Single Name Kiss me Kiss me, Baby Cover Artist MAX band MAX from Album Maximum MAX album Maximum B side Released August 21, 1995 Format CD Single Recorded Genre Eurobeat Length 3 22 Label Avex Trax Writer Kazumi Suzuki, Hinoky Team Producer Max Matsuura Certification Last single Koi Suru Velfarre Dance Saturday Night br 1995 This single Kiss me Kiss me, Baby br 1995 Next single Tora Tora Tora song Tora Tora Tora br 1996 Misc Kiss me Kiss me, Baby is a song by Ryukyuan people Okinawan dance unit, MAX band MAX . It is a Japanese language Japanese cover of Kiss me Kiss me, Babe by the Italo Disco artist Virginelle . It was composed by Hinoky Team with Japanese lyrics written by Kazumi Suzuki. It was released as their second single and appears on the albums, Maximum MAX album Maximum 1996 and Precious Collection 1995 2002 2002 . Track list class wikitable bgcolor CCCCCC width 300 Title width 150 Songwriters Time 1. Kiss me Kiss me, Baby Original Mix small Kazumi Suzuki, Hinoky Team small 3 22 2. Kiss me Kiss me, Baby Randomizer Mix small Suzuki, Hinoky Team small 3 32 3. Kiss me Kiss me, Baby Karaoke small Suzuki, Hinoky Team small 3 19 MAX band Category 1995 singles Category MAX songs ja Kiss me Kiss me, Baby ...   more details



  1. Scrambler

    Other uses Mergefrom Randomizer date March 2010 In telecommunication s, a scrambler is a device that transposes or inverts signals or otherwise encodes a message at the transmitter to make the message unintelligible at a receiver not equipped with an appropriately set descrambling device. Whereas encryption usually refers to operations carried out in the digital domain, scrambling usually refers to operations carried out in the Analog transmission analog domain. Scrambling is accomplished by the addition of components to the original signal or the changing of some important component of the original signal in order to make extraction of the original signal difficult. Examples of the latter might include removing or changing vertical or horizontal sync pulses in television signals televisions will not be able to display a picture from such a signal. Some modern scramblers are actually encryption devices, the name remaining due to the similarities in use, as opposed to internal operation. In telecommunications and recording , a scrambler also referred to as a randomizer is a device that manipulates a data stream before transmitting. The manipulations are reversed by a descrambler at the receiving side. Scrambling is widely used in satellite communications satellite , Microwave radio relay radio relay communications and PSTN modems. A scrambler can be placed just before a Forward error correction FEC coder, or it can be placed after the FEC, just before the modulation or line code . A scrambler in this context has nothing to do with encryption encrypting , as the intent is not to render the message unintelligeable, but to give the transmitted data useful engineering properties ... scramblers File Scrambler randomizer additive.png right thumb 350px An additive scrambler descrambler ... initial state . Multiplicative self synchronizing scramblers File Scrambler randomizer multiplicative ... Scrambler randomizer multiplicative descrambler.png right thumb 350px A multiplicative descrambler ...   more details



  1. Villains in Power Rangers Dino Thunder

    with a fallen monster s copy ability Copyotter and the Geno Randomizer to create the White Dino ... to by this name. Each Mutation is created in the Geno Randomizer by combining the DNA of an animal ... Actor Cameron Rhodes Elsa used the Geno Randomizer to turn Marty the Mackerel into this bonito ... Clone. In its official appearance in Isn t It Lava ly, Elsa used the Geno Randomizer to turn a volcanologist ... perscription monster. Elsa s Dream Machine hooked up to the Geno Randomizer had this monster manifested ... Randomizer had this monster manifested into Kira s dream after having to do a report on reptiles ... drums monster. Elsa s dream machine hooked up to the Geno Randomizer had this monster manifested ... up to the Geno Randomizer had this monster manifested into Conner s dream upon having to do early ...   more details



  1. Catch Phrase (US game show)

    could remove one of these squares by hitting his her buzzer to stop a randomizer on one of them. Once ...   more details



  1. Burgo's Catch Phrase

    Unreferenced date April 2008 Infobox television show name Burgo s Catch Phrase image caption format Game Show runtime 30 minutes small inc. commercials small creator starring John Burgess TV Host John Burgess country Australia language English language English network Nine Network picture format PAL audio format Stereo first aired 1997 last aired 2003 num episodes Burgo s Catch Phrase was an Australia n game show that ran between 1997 and 2003, produced by Southern Star Group and later by the joint venture Endemol Southern Star for the Nine Network . The show was based on the United Kingdom British and United States American versions of the game, and was originally known as simply Catch Phrase until renamed in honour of its host. The show was cancelled in 2001 and again in 2003 after failing ratings despite a revamp of the set in 2002. Contestants would have to identify the familiar phrase represented by a piece of animation, with the show s mascot &mdash a character called Jimmy &mdash often appearing. In the original run, two contestants played in each game, but in the 2002 revamp, this was increased to three. The Main Game In the main game, at the start of each round, one contestant stopped a randomizer which consisted of money amounts by hitting his her button. The value that was landed would then be the amount for the normal catch phrases. On each normal catch phrase, the computer would draw it on the screen. When it was done, a bell would ring, signifying the contestants to buzz in when they think they know the answer. A correct answer won the contestant the predetermined money amount, plus a chance to solve the Bonus Catch Phrase which was hidden behind nine squares with the show s logo on each. To choose a square, the contestant had to hit their button to stop a randomizer from flashing around the board after which the square was revealed, and they had a chance to guess. A correct answer won bonus money for the player 100 for the first round, 200 for the sec ...   more details



  1. League Bowling

    Infobox VG title collapsible state show image image File League Bowling Cover.jpg 250px caption aspect ratio resolution developer publisher SNK Playmore SNK distributor license series engine version released vgrelease NA July 1, 1991 genre modes ratings platforms Neo Geo console Neo Geo , Neo Geo CD media requirements input League Bowling is an arcade game released in 1991 by SNK Playmore SNK for the Neo Geo console Neo Geo console and arcade systems. The game was unique in that it was the first arcade to put emphasis on bowling. The players control characters with red and blue hair and can selected balls from 9 to 16 pounds. Modes League Bowling has three types of modes. Regulation Played just like a normal game of bowling, with 300 being a perfect score. Flash Values of 100 to 500 will flash on a randomizer during the time the bowler throws his shot. A strike adds the bonus flash value to the score accumulated at the end of the game. Strike 90 Played just like regulation except that a strike adds 90 points to the next two shots, and a spare adds 60 points to the next shot. 30 points are awarded in the case of a field goal throwing the ball in between the 7 and 10 pins . Ports Tom Fulp , the founder and the CEO of Newgrounds ported the game to Flash in 2002. the port features no ball selection, a regulation mode only, less animations, and the different player s sprites are the same. Later on 2010, SNK Playmore release the Neo Geo Station, which includes the emulation of the game and other Neo Geo games for the PlayStation 3 and the PlayStation Portable PSP . Easter Egg Nadia , from the anime Nadia The Secret of Blue Water Nadia The secret of the blue water can be seen cheering in the background. External links http www.newgrounds.com portal view 43494 Play League Bowling online at Newgrounds Category 1991 video games Category Neo Geo games Category Neo Geo CD games Category Bowling video games Category Cancelled Atari Jaguar games Category PlayStation Network games ...   more details



  1. Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems

    recommends for Spacecraft to Earth communications the avoidance of or the turning off of the randomizer , as the CCSDS currently recommends a randomizer similar to the BBC NICAM randomizer avoidance ...   more details



  1. Randomization

    Randomization is the process of making something random this means Generating a random permutation of a sequence such as when shuffle shuffling cards . Selecting a random sample of a population important in sampling statistics statistical sampling . Generating random number s see Random number generation . Transforming a data stream such as when using a scrambler randomizer scrambler in telecommunications . Applications Randomization is used in statistics and in gambling. Statistics Randomization is a core principle in statistical theory , whose importance was emphasized by Charles Sanders Peirce Charles S. Peirce in Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography illus Illustrations of the Logic of Science 1877 1878 and Charles Sanders Peirce bibliography SIL A Theory of Probable Inference 1883 . Randomization based inference is especially important in experimental design and in survey sampling . Randomized experiments Main Randomized experiment Main Randomized controlled trial In the statistical theory of design of experiments , randomization involves randomly allocating the experimental units across the treatment groups . For example, if an experiment compares a new drug against a standard drug, then the patients should be allocated to either the new drug or to the standard drug control using randomization. Randomized experimentation is not haphazard. Randomization reduces bias by equalising so called factors dependent and independent variables independent variables that have not been accounted for in the experimental design. Survey sampling Survey sampling uses randomization, following the criticisms of previous representative methods by Jerzy Neyman in his 1922 report to the International Statistical Institute . Resampling Main Resampling statistics Some important methods of statistical inference use Resampling statistics resampling from the observed data. Multiple alternative versions of the data set that might have been observed are created by randomization of the origin ...   more details



  1. The Hollywood Game

    Unreferenced date December 2009 Infobox Television show name The Hollywood Game format Game show Game Show runtime 30 Minutes creator CBS Entertainment Productions presenter Peter Allen pilot br Bob Goen series narrated John Cramer announcer John Cramer country USA network CBS first aired June 19 last aired July 10, 1992 num episodes 6 4 aired The Hollywood Game was a prime time game show hosted by Bob Goen that ran for four weeks on CBS during the summer of 1992. It involved two teams of two contestants each, who answered trivia questions about film and television . In most rounds, the teams chose trivia categories that were represented by the nine letters in H O L L Y W O O D . Peter Allen hosted the pilot, which taped on May 14, 1991. However, he was too ill to host the series and died the day before its premiere. The show was taped at CBS Television City s Studio 33 and was the first game show John Cramer announcer John Cramer announced. Gameplay Round 1 After choosing a category, each team was asked two questions worth 100 and 200, respectively. Each question was preceded by a TV film clip or a picture. If a team failed to answer correctly, the opposing team had the chance to steal the question and the money. On the pilot episode, each team s category was determined by stopping a randomizer. Rounds 2 & 3 Both teams competed to answer three questions in a chosen category. Questions were worth 200, 400, and 800 respectively. Round 3 was identical, except that the question values increased to 500, 1,000, and 2,000. The Double Feature Round Similar to the final round on Jeopardy , each team could wager all, half, or none of their accumulated bankroll on a question in a predetermined category. Afterwards, the teams were shown 2 film clips from the same category, then were asked a question related to both clips. The teams then wrote down their answers. The team with the highest score at the end of the round won the game and proceeded to the bonus round. Both teams ke ...   more details



  1. Common pilot channel

    Expert subject telecommunications date November 2008 CPICH stands for Common Pilot CHannel in UMTS and some other CDMA communications systems. In WCDMA Duplex telecommunications Frequency division duplex FDD cellular systems, CPICH is a downlink channel broadcast by Node B s with constant power and of a known bit sequence. Its power is usually between 5 and 15 of the total Node B transmit power. Commonly, the CPICH power is 10 of the typical total transmit power of 43 dBm . The Primary Common Pilot Channel is used by the UE s to first complete identification of the Primary Scrambler randomizer Scrambling Code used for scrambling Primary Common Control Physical Channel P CCPCH transmissions from the Node B . Later CPICH channels provide allow phase and power estimations to be made, as well as aiding discovery of other Multipath propagation radio paths . There is one primary CPICH P CPICH , which is transmitted using spread spectrum spreading code 0 with a Orthogonal variable spreading factor spreading factor of 256, notationally written as C sub ch,256,0 sub ref http www.3gpp.org ftp Specs archive 25 series 25.213 25.213 , section 5.2.1 Channelisation codes ref . Optionally a Node B may broadcast one or more secondary common pilot channels S CPICH , which use arbitrarily chosen 256 codes, written as C sub ch,256,n sub where math 0 n 256 math . The CPICH contains 20 bits of data, which are either all zeros, or in the case that Space Time Transmit Diversity STTD is employed, is a pattern of alternating 1 s and 0 s for transmissions on the Node B s second antenna ref http www.3gpp.org ftp Specs archive 25 series 25.211 25.211 , section 5.3.3.1 Common Pilot Channel CPICH ref . The first antenna of a base station always transmits all zeros for CPICH. A UE searching for a WCDMA Node B will first use the primary and secondary synchronisation channels P SCH and S SCH respectively to determine the slot and frame timing of a candidate P CCPCH, whether STTD is in use, as well a ...   more details



  1. 64b/66b encoding

    In data networking and transmission, 64B 66B is a line code that transforms 64 bit data to 66 bit line code to achieve DC coefficient DC balance and bounded disparity, and yet provide enough state changes to allow reasonable clock recovery . This means that there are just as many 1s as 0s in a string of two symbols, and that there are not too many 1s or 0s in a row. This is an important attribute in a signal that needs to be sent at high rates because it helps reduce intersymbol interference . The overhead of the 64B 66B encoding is considerably less than the more common 8b 10b encoding scheme. Function As the scheme name suggests, 64 bit s of data are transmitted as a 66 bit entity. The 66 bit entity is made by prefixing one of two possible two bit preambles to the 64 bits to be transmitted. If the preamble is 01 , the 64 bits are entirely data If the preamble is 10 , an eight bit type field follows, plus 56 bits of control information and or data The preambles 00 and 11 are not used, and generate an error if seen. The use of the 01 and 10 preambles guarantees a bit transition every 66 bits, which means that a continuous stream of 0s or 1s cannot be valid data. It also allows easier clock timer synchronization, as a transition must be seen every 66 bits. The 56 or 64 bits of data are then scrambled using a self synchronous scrambler randomizer scrambler function, with the intention of ensuring that a relatively even distribution of 1s and 0s are normally found in the transmitted data. The intention is not to encrypt the data, but to give the transmitted data useful engineering properties. This does not guarantee that pathological data will not generate a transmitted output that has all 0s or all 1s or other undesirable properties, but simply reduces the probability that this will occur with normal data. This method is different from the codebook based approach of 8B 10B encoding . The encoding and scrambling are normally done entirely in hardware, the scrambling us ...   more details



  1. Lab Rats Challenge

    Happen If or the Rat Race , there is a tie breaker known as the Randomizer . Both teams are given a beaker ...   more details



  1. Battlestars (game show)

    . The randomizer was only used when control passed between contestants. Upon getting a correct answer ...   more details



  1. Jumpman

    be taken to a special bonus round Randomizer The Randomizer option allows the user to play all the levels sequenced randomly. The Atari 800 and Commodore 64 versions of Jumpman always start the Randomizer ...   more details



  1. 4B5B

    unreferenced date March 2009 In telecommunication , 4B5B is a form of data communications line code . 4B5B maps groups of four bit s onto groups of 5 bits, with a minimum density of 1 bits in the output. When NRZI encoded, the 1 bits provide necessary clock signal clock transitions for the receiver. For example, a run of 4 bits such as 0000 contains no transitions and that causes clocking problems for the receiver. 4B 5B solves this problem by assigning each block of 4 consecutive bits an equivalent word of 5 bits. These 5 bit words are pre determined in a dictionary and they are chosen to ensure that there will be at least two transitions per block of bits. A collateral effect of the code is that more bits are needed to send the same information than with 4 bits. An alternate to using 4B5B coding is to use a Scrambler randomizer scrambler . Depending on the standard or specification of interest, there may be several 4b5b characters left unused. The presence of any of the unused characters in the data stream can be used as an indication that there is a fault somewhere in the link. Therefore, the unused characters can actually be used to detect errors in the data stream. 4B5B was popularized by Fiber distributed data interface FDDI in the mid 1980s, and was later adopted by Fast Ethernet 100BASE TX 100BASE TX standardization standard defined by IEEE 802.3u in 1995. AES10 2003 MADI http www.aes.org publications standards Multichannel Audio Digital Interface The name 4B5B is generally taken to mean the FDDI version. Other 4 to 5 bit codes have been used for magnetic recording are known as group code recording GCR . On optical fiber, the 4B5B output is NRZI encoded. FDDI over copper CDDI uses MLT 3 encoding instead, as does 100BASE TX. Encoding table class wikitable Name 4b 5b Description 0 0000 11110 hex data 0 1 0001 01001 hex data 1 2 0010 10100 hex data 2 3 0011 10101 hex data 3 4 0100 01010 hex data 4 5 0101 01011 hex data 5 6 0110 01110 hex data 6 7 0111 01111 hex ...   more details




Articles 1 - 25 of 61          Next


Search   in  
Search for Randomizer in Tutorials
Search for Randomizer in Encyclopedia
Search for Randomizer in Videos
Search for Randomizer in Books
Search for Randomizer in Software
Search for Randomizer in DVDs
Search for Randomizer in Store


Advertisement




Randomizer in Encyclopedia
Randomizer top Randomizer

Home - Add TutorGig to Your Site - Disclaimer

©2011-2013 TutorGig.com. All Rights Reserved. Privacy Statement