Kuntze , 1754. The concept of a randomsequence is essential in probability theory and statistics . The concept generally relies on the notion of a sequence of random variable s and many statistical discussions begin with the words let X sub 1 sub ,..., X sub n sub be independent random variables... . Yet as D. H. Lehmer stated in 1951 A randomsequence is a vague notion... in which each term ... avoids a definition of a randomsequence. ref Inevitable Randomness in Discrete Mathematics by J zsef ... sequence is random, but generally proceeds to discuss the properties of random variables and stochastic ... the statement let us consider a randomsequence an abuse of language . ref Algorithms main ideas and applications ... of large numbers, although he used the term collective rather than randomsequence. Using the concept of the impossibility of a gambling system , von Mises defined an infinite sequence of zeros and ones as random if it is not biased by having the frequency stability property i.e. the frequency of zeros goes to 1 2 and every sub sequence we can select from it by a proper method of selection is also ... , On the Concept of RandomSequence, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 46 1940 , 254 260 ref This definition ..., 1 1 1 7, 1965. ref ref D.W. Loveland, A new interpretation of von Mises concept of randomsequence ... of the randomsequence the new sequence will still be considered random. Hence any application ... Statistical randomness References Sergio B. Volchan What Is a RandomSequence? The American ... RES RANDTEST.HTM vonNeumann63 Randomness tests by Terry Ritter DEFAULTSORT RandomSequence ... . ref What is meant by the word Random in Mathematics and common sense by Philip J. Davis ... page 166 ref During the 20th century various technical approaches to defining random sequences were ... sequence selection criterion imposed by von Mises is important, because although 0101010101... is not biased, by selecting the odd positions, we get 000000... which is not random. Von Mises never ... more details
In mathematics, the random Fibonacci sequence is a stochastic analogue of the Fibonacci sequence defined ... of the random Fibonacci sequence is equal to 1.13198824&hellip , a mathematical constant that was later named Viswanath s constant . Description The random Fibonacci sequence is an integer randomsequence ... , , , , , , , , ldots. math Similarly to the deterministic case, the random Fibonacci sequence may ... sub k sub is a sequence of Independent and identically distributed random variables independent identically distributed random matrices taking values A or B with probability 1 2 math A begin pmatrix ... sup , where n is the number of factors. Their results apply to a broad class of randomsequence generating processes that includes the random Fibonacci sequence. As a consequence, the n th root of f ... of the randomsequence with the recurrence relation math f n f n 1 pm beta f n 2 math for different ... explanation MathWorld urlname RandomFibonacciSequence title Random Fibonacci Sequence SloanesRef sequencenumber ... are chosen Bernoulli distribution at random with equal probability 1 2, Independence probability theory independently for different n . By a theorem of Harry Kesten and Hillel Furstenberg , random ... are determined from the random recurrence relation math f n begin cases f n 1 f n 2 , & text with probability 1 2 f n 1 f n 2 , & text with probability 1 2 . end cases math A run of the random Fibonacci sequence starts with 1,1 and the value of the each subsequent term is determined by a fair coin toss given two consecutive elements of the sequence, the next element is either their sum or their difference with probability 1 2, independently of all the choices made previously. If in the random Fibonacci sequence the plus sign is chosen at each step, the corresponding run is the Fibonacci sequence ... minus plus plus ... pattern, the result is the sequence math 1,1,0,1,1,0,1,1,0,1, ldots. math However, such patterns occur with vanishing probability in a random experiment. In a typical run, the terms ... more details
Intuitively, an algorithmically randomsequence or randomsequence is an infinite Sequence Infinite sequences in theoretical computer science sequence of binary digits that appears random to any algorithm ... forms of randomness also exist. The term random used to refer to a sequence without clarification ... of a randomsequence was given by Per Martin L f in 1966. Earlier researchers such as Richard ... a randomsequence as one that passed all tests for randomness however, the precise notion of a randomness ... Martin L f s original definition of a randomsequence was in terms of constructive null covers he defined a sequence to be random if it is not contained in any such cover. Leonid Levin and Claus Peter Schnorr proved a characterization in terms of Kolmogorov complexity a sequence is random if there is a uniform ... of the sets math U i math . A sequence is defined to be Martin L f random if it is not contained ... t , math lim t to infty widehat d w,t d w . math A sequence is Martin L f random if and only if no constructive ... complexity characterization conveys the intuition that a randomsequence is incompressible no prefix ... a countable collection of effectively describable measure 0 sets and defines a sequence to be random ... to make money betting against a randomsequence. A martingale d is a betting strategy. d reads a finite ... on a randomsequence. Properties and examples of Martin L f random sequences Chaitin s constant Chaitin s halting probability is an example of a randomsequence. RAND sup c sup the Complement .... Every randomsequence is Normal number normal . There is a constructive null cover of RAND sup c sup ... can be seen to be definable by a math Sigma 0 2 math formula. There is a randomsequence ... 1971 Chaitin s Chaitin s constant is an example of such a sequence. No randomsequence is decidable ... where random sequences can be found. Every sequence is Turing reducible to some randomsequence ... degree . Relative randomness As each of the equivalent definitions of a Martin L f randomsequence ... more details
Other uses In mathematics , a sequence is an ordered list of objects or events . Like a Set mathematics ... possibly infinite is called the length of the sequence. Unlike a set, order matters, and exactly the same elements can appear multiple times at different positions in the sequence. A sequence is a Discrete mathematics discrete function mathematics function . For example, C, R, Y is a sequence of letters ..., or Infinite set infinite , such as the sequence of all even and odd numbers even ... notions of sequence, but may be excluded depending on the context. Image Cauchy sequence illustration2.svg right thumb 350px An infinite sequence of real numbers in blue . This sequence is neither increasing, nor decreasing, nor convergent, nor Cauchy sequence Cauchy . It is bounded, however ... of which e.g. , exact sequence are not covered by the notations introduced below. In addition to identifying the elements of a sequence by their position, such as the 3rd element , elements may be given names for convenient referencing. For example a sequence might be written as a sub 1 sub , a sub ... definition of a finite sequence with terms in a set S is a function mathematics function from 1, 2, ..., n to S for some n 0. An infinite sequence in S is a function from 1, 2, ... to S . For example, the sequence of prime numbers 2,3,5,7,11, is the function 1 2 , 2 3 , 3 5 , 4 7 , 5 11 , . A sequence of a finite length n is also called an n tuple n tuple . Finite sequences include the empty sequence ... sequence or two way infinite sequence . An example is the bi infinite sequence of all even integers , 4, 2, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 . Multiplicative Let A a sequence defined by a function f 1, 2, 3, ... 1, 2, 3, ... , such that a sub i sub f i . The sequence is multiplicative if f xy f x f y for all x , y ... of sequences A subsequence of a given sequence is a sequence formed from the given sequence by deleting ... of the sequence are a subset of an partially ordered set ordered set , then a monotonically ... more details
Infobox musical artist See Wikipedia WikiProject Musicians Name The Sequence Img Img capt Img size Only for images narrower than 220 pixels Landscape Background group or band Alias Origin Columbia, South Carolina Columbia , South Carolina , United States U.S. Genre Old school hip hop br Funk Years active Label Sugar Hill Records rap Sugar Hill Associated acts Spoonie Gee URL Past members Angie Stone Angie Brown Stone Angie B. br Cheryl Cook Cheryl The Pearl br Gwendolyn Chisolm Blondie The Sequence is a former female old school hip hop trio signed to the Sugar Hill Records rap Sugar Hill label in the early 1980s. The group consisted of Cheryl Cook Cheryl The Pearl , Gwendolyn Chisolm Blondie , and lead singer rapper Angie Stone Angie Brown Stone Angie B. . The group originated from Columbia, South Carolina Columbia , South Carolina as a group of high school cheerleader s. Their most notable single was Funk You Up 1979 , which was the first rap record released by a female group and the second single released by Sugar Hill Records rap Sugar Hill Records . ref name Greenberg1999 Greenberg, Steve Light, Alan ed. 1999 . The VIBE History of Hip Hop . Three Rivers Press. p. 28. ISBN 0609805037 ref Elements of Funk You Up were later used by Dr. Dre for his 1995 single Keep Their Heads Ringin ... and later a solo artist. Discography Albums Sugarhill Presents the Sequence 1980 , Sugar Hill Records rap Sugar Hill The Sequence 1982 , Sugar Hill 51 Black Albums The Sequence Party 1983 , Sugar Hill Compilations Funky Sound 1995 , P Vine The Best of the Sequence 1996 , Deep Beats Monster Jam Back ... 1982 , Sugar Hill References Reflist Hogan, Ed. Allmusic class artist id p194849 pure url yes The Sequence . Allmusic . External links http www.discogs.com artist Sequence, The Discography DEFAULTSORT Sequence, The Category African American musical groups Category African American rappers Category ... Category Musical trios Hiphop band stub no The Sequence ... more details
Random number may refer to A number generated for or part of a set exhibiting statistical randomness . A randomsequence obtained from a stochastic process. An algorithmically randomsequence in algorithmic information theory. The output of a random number generation random number generator . The least random number 17 , according to the Hacker s Jargon File . See also Category Randomness mathdab id Angka acak ms Nombor rawak sr ... more details
randomsequence. Methods of random variate generation Linear congruential method inverse transform ...A random variate is a particular outcome of a random variable the random variates which are other outcomes of the same random variable would have different values. Random variates are used when simulating processes driven by random influences stochastic processes . In modern applications, such simulations would derive random variates corresponding to any given probability distribution from computer procedures designed to create random variates corresponding to a Uniform distribution continuous uniform ... continuous uniform distribution of pseudorandom numbers. Procedures to generate random variates corresponding to a given distribution are known as procedures for random variate generation . In probability theory , a random variable is a measurable function from a probability space to a measurable ... are known as a random variates , or occasionally random deviates , and this represents a wider meaning ... 1986 . Non Uniform Random Variate Generation . New York Springer Verlag, pp. 1 2. http cg.scs.carleton.ca luc rnbookindex.html ref defines a random variate generation algorithm for real number s as follows Assume that Computers can manipulate real numbers. Computers have access to a source of random ... math 0 1 math . Then a random variate generation algorithm is any program that halts almost surely and exits with a real number X . This X is called a random variate . Both assumptions are violated ... certain hardware random number generator s , and instead use pseudorandom number sequences. The distinction between random variable and random variate is subtle and is not always made in the literature. It is useful when one wants to distinguish between a random variable itself with an associated probability distribution on the one hand, and random draws from that probability distribution on the other ... Box Muller transform Box Muller transform method Expand list date August 2008 See also random number ... more details
Unreferenced date July 2009 Image Random vs sequential access.svg thumb right Random access compared to sequential access . In computer science , random access sometimes called direct access is the ability to access an arbitrary element of a sequence mathematics sequence in equal time. The opposite is sequential access , where a remote element takes longer time to access. A typical illustration of this distinction is to compare an ancient scroll parchment scroll sequential all material prior to the data needed must be unrolled and the book random can be immediately flipped open to any random page paper page . A more modern example is a cassette tape sequential&mdash you have to fast forward through earlier songs to get to later ones and a phonograph record random access&mdash you can place the needle right on the groove you want . In data structure s, random access implies the ability to access the N th entry in a list of numbers in constant time. Very few data structures can guarantee this, other than array data structure array s and related structures like dynamic array s . Random access is critical to many algorithms such as quicksort and binary search . Other data structures, such as linked list s, sacrifice random access to make for efficient inserts, deletes, or reordering of data. See also Data streams, in which there is no random access. Category Computer data ar de Wahlfreier Zugriff es Acceso aleatorio fr Acc s direct he hu V letlen el r s ja pt Acesso aleat rio ru sr ur zh ... more details
A random permutation is a random ordering of a set of objects, that is, a permutation valued random variable . The use of random permutations is often fundamental to fields that use randomized algorithm s. Such fields include coding theory , cryptography , and simulation . A good example of a random permutation is the shuffling of a card deck deck of cards this is ideally a random permutation of the 52 cards. One method of generating a random permutation of a set of length n uniform distribution discrete uniformly at random i.e. each of the n permutation s is equally likely to appear is to generate a sequence by taking a random number between 1 and n sequentially, ensuring that there is no repetition, and interpreting this sequence x sub 1 sub , ..., x sub n sub as the permutation math begin pmatrix 1 & 2 & 3 & cdots & n x 1 & x 2 & x 3 & cdots & x n end pmatrix . math The above brute force method will require occasional retries whenever the random number picked is a repeat of a number already selected. A simple algorithm to generate a permutation of n items uniformly at random without retries, known as the Knuth shuffle , is to start with the Identity function identity permutation or any other permutation, and then go through the positions 1 through n 1, and for each position i swap the element currently there with an arbitrarily chosen element from positions i through n , inclusive. It s easy to verify that any permutation of n elements will be produced by this algorithm with probability ... distributed random permutation, see rencontres numbers . That distribution approaches a Poisson .... In some circumstances, random permutations might be generated at high speed by a simple ... Dickman constant Perfect shuffle Random permutation statistics Shuffle Shuffling algorithms Shuffling algorithms random sort method, iterative exchange method External links http mathworld.wolfram.com RandomPermutation.html Random permutation at MathWorld http www.techuser.net randpermgen.html Random ... more details
consists in proving convergence results for certain sequence s of random variables see for instance ...In Probability theory probability and statistics , a random variable or stochastic variable is a Variable mathematics variable whose value results from a measurement on some type of random process. A random ... dice 1, 1 , 1, 2 , etc. to real numbers e.g., their sum . A random variable s possible values might ... measurements . Intuitively, a random variable can be thought of as a quantity whose value is not fixed ... of different values occurring. Realizations of a random variable are called random variate s. Random variables are usually real valued, but one can consider arbitrary types such as indicator random variable boolean values , Covariance matrix Complex random vectors complex numbers , random vector vectors , random matrix matrices , randomsequence sequences , random tree trees , random compact set sets , random shape shapes , random manifold manifolds , random function functions , and stochastic process processes . The term random element is used to encompass all such related concepts. A related concept is the stochastic process , a set of indexed random variables typically indexed by time or space . Introduction Real valued random variables those whose range is the real numbers ... . In addition to scientific applications, random variables were developed for the analysis ... described. In many cases, however, it is useful to consider random variables that are functions of other random variables, and then the mapping function included in the definition of a random variable becomes important. As an example, the square of a random variable distributed according to a standard normal distribution is itself a random variable, with a chi square distribution . One ... of a number of samples. When these samples are independent observations of the same random event they can be called independent identically distributed random variables. Since each sample is a random ... more details
Image Random Walk example.svg thumb right 420px Example of eight random walks in one dimension starting ... axis . File 2D Random Walk 400x400.ogv thumb right 300px An animated example of a Brownian motion like random walk on a torus . A random walk , sometimes denoted RW , is a mathematical formalisation of a trajectory that consists of taking successive random steps. For example, the path traced by a molecule ... random walk hypothesis stock and the financial status of a gambler can all be modeled as random walks. The term random walk was first introduced by Karl Pearson in 1905. ref Pearson, K. 1905 . The problem of the Random Walk. Nature. 72 , 294. ref The results of random walk analysis have ... fields as a fundamental Statistical model model for Stochastic process random processes in time. Various different types of random walks are of interest. Often, random walks are assumed to be Markov chain s or Markov process es, but other, more complicated walks are also of interest. Some random walks ... random walks are on group theory groups . Random walks also vary with regard to the time parameter ... math . However, some walks take their steps at random times, and in that case the position math X t math is defined for the continuum of times math t ge 0 math . Specific cases or limits of random walks include the drunkard s walk and L vy flight . Random walks are related to the diffusion models and are a fundamental topic in discussions of Markov process es. Several properties of random walks ... studied. Lattice random walk Refimprove date April 2011 reason no sources in this entire section A popular random walk model is that of a random walk on a regular lattice, where at each step the walk jumps to another site according to some probability distribution. In simple random walk , the walk can only jump to neighbouring sites of the lattice. In simple symmetric random walk on a locally finite ... studied example is of random walk on the d dimensional integer lattice sometimes called the hypercubic ... more details
on factors such as programmed probabilities Pseudo random number generator s create the sequence ...Refimprove date November 2010 About the feature in role playing games Random Encounter disambiguation Random Encounter A random encounter is a feature commonly used in various role playing game s whereby encounters with non player character NPC enemies or other dangers occur sporadically and at random. In general, random encounters are used to simulate the challenges associated with being in a hazardous ... and makeup as opposed to a placed encounter . Frequent random encounters are common in games like ... Fantasy series. Role playing games Random encounters sometimes called wandering monsters were ... offshoots to this day. Random encounters are usually determined by the gamemaster by rolling dice against a random encounter table . The tables are usually based on terrain and or time weather , and have ... section date March 2010 Random encounters were incorporated into early role playing video game s and have ... 2009 12 10 accessdate 2010 11 09 ref Placed and random encounters were both used in 1981s Wizardry ... 1980s, random encounters made up the bulk of battles in genre defining games such as Dragon Warrior ... 23 accessdate 2010 11 09 ref Random encounters happen when the player is traversing the game world often ... differently than with enemies. Random encounters are random in the respect that players cannot anticipate ... character . In some games, items can be found to increase or decrease the frequency of random .... Random encounters often occur more frequently in cave s, forest s, and swamp s than in open plain s. The simplest sort of random encounter algorithm would be as follows Each step, set X to a random integer between 0 and 99. If in plains, and X 8, a random encounter occurs. If in swamp, desert, or forest, and X 16, a random encounter occurs. The problem with this algorithm is that random encounters .... Random encounters in rapid succession are considered undesirable ref cite web url ... more details
Image HAR2009 Canonical logo.png thumb right HAR2009 logo Hacking at Random was an outdoor Hacker programmer subculture hacker conference that took place in The Netherlands from August 13 to August 16, 2009. It was situated on a large camp site near the small town Vierhouten in The Netherlands called the Paasheuvel. ref http www.paasheuvel.nl ref Which is, like former events, in the middle of nowhere. This conference was the most recent event in a sequence that began with the Galactic Hacker Party in 1989, followed by Hacking at the End of the Universe in 1993, Hacking In Progress in 1997, Hackers At Large in 2001, and What the Hack in 2005. Like these well known predecessors, Hacking at Random was one of the most important hacker conventions of the year, ref http www.hackaday.com 2008 07 22 hacking at random 2009 ref ref http rop.gonggri.jp ?p 81 I realize our events have been and continue to be important milestones in hacker culture and that they serve as places in space and time for the hacker community to get together. Rop Gonggrijp ref bringing together hackers and techno enthusiasts from all over the world. But, unlike its predecessors, HAR was not a project by exactly the same people as before ref http rop.gonggri.jp ?p 81 ref there were new people involved in the organization process. ref http wordpress.metro.cx 2008 07 25 hacking at random ref Like the previous Dutch Computer security conference hacker cons this event thrived by using its volunteers, and called everyone including the visitor sponsors a volunteer. Everyone was expected to do their part in making the event a success. With over 170 talks ref https har2009.org program ref and 3 large lecture halls, this edition was by far the largest in the series of quadrennial Dutch events. See also Previous conference ... Official website coord 52.33 5.824 display title DEFAULTSORT Hacking At Random Category Free software related events and awards Category Hacker conventions compu conference stub fr Hacking at Random ... more details
Random encounter could refer to Random encounter , a method governing encounters with enemies in many RPG video games Random Encounter film Random Encounter film , a movie Random Encounter comic Random Encounter comic , a comic published by Viper Comics disambig ... more details
wiktionary randomRandom can refer to Randomness , the property of lacking any sort of order Science and technology Random number Random variable dev random , a Unix device file See also Category Randomness Places Random Lake , Wisconsin Random Island , Canada The former name of Brighton, Vermont Music Random musician Random band Random Lady Sovereign song , a song by Lady Sovereign Random , a song by Gary Numan released as a bonus track on his album The Pleasure Principle Gary Numan album The Pleasure Principle Random , a song from the 311 album 311 album by the band 311 Other Robert Random , a Canadian actor Random comics , a fictional character in the Marvel Universe Random, Prince of The Chronicles of Amber Amber , in the novels of Roger Zelazny Random Dent Random Frequent Flyer Dent , the daughter of Arthur Dent in the Hitchhikers Guide book Mostly Harmless Random House , Book Publisher Random refers to things in no sense or order See also Non sequitur , for which random is a common ally with today s youth. disambig pt Random ... more details
Random Thoughts may refer to Random Thoughts Shulman band Shulman album Random Thoughts Star Trek Voyager Random Thoughts Star Trek Voyager , episode of Star Trek Voyager Random Thoughts Faye Wong album Random Thoughts Faye Wong album Random Thoughts Koolism album Random Thoughts Koolism album disambig ... more details
A random function is a function chosen at random from a finite family of functions. Typically, the family consists of the set of all maps from the Domain of a function domain to the codomain . Thus, a random function can be considered to map each input independently at random to any one of the possible outputs. Viewed this way it is an idealization of a cryptographic hash function . A special case of a random function is a random permutation . A random function is a useful building block in enabling cryptographic protocol s. However, there are scenarios where it is not possible for mutually distrustful parties to agree on a random function i.e, coin flipping is impossible . Therefore, cryptographers study models which explicitly allow for the use of a random function or a related object. See random oracle model , common reference string model . Category Theory of cryptography crypto stub ... more details
for the random graph Rado graph In mathematics , a random graph is a Graph mathematics graph that is generated by some random process . ref B la Bollob s , Random Graphs , 2nd Edition, 2001, Cambridge University Press ref The theory of random graphs lies at the intersection between graph theory and probability theory , and studies the properties of typical random graphs. Random graph models A random graph is obtained by starting with a set of n vertices and adding edges between them at random. Different random graph models produce different probability distribution s on graphs. Most commonly studied ... at a particular time M of the random graph process math tilde G n math , which is a stochastic process ... random graph . Except in the trivial cases when p is 0 or 1, such a G almost surely has the following ... graph . Thus any countably infinite random graph is almost surely the Rado graph, which for this reason is sometimes called simply the random graph . However, the analogous result is not true for uncountable ... model, which generalizes Gilbert s random graph model, is the random dot product model . A random dot ... probability matrix models random graphs through edge probabilities, which represent the probability ... Bollobas, B. and Riordan, O.M. Mathematical results on scale free random graphs in Handbook of Graphs and Networks S. Bornholdt and H.G. Schuster eds , Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 1st ed., 2003 ref Random regular graph s form a special case, with properties that may differ from random graphs in general. Properties of random graphs The theory of random graphs studies typical properties of random graphs, those ... connected . In studying such questions, researchers often concentrate on the asymptotic behavior of random ... theory characterizes the connectedness of random graphs, especially infinitely large ones. threshold functions, evolution of G Random graphs are widely used in the probabilistic method , where one tries to prove the existence of graphs with certain properties. The existence of a property on a random ... more details
Probabilistic In mathematics and computer science , a random tree is a tree graph theory tree or Arborescence graph theory arborescence that is formed by a stochastic process . Types of random trees include Uniform spanning tree , a spanning tree of a given graph in which each different tree is equally likely to be selected Random minimal spanning tree , spanning trees of a graph formed by choosing random edge weights and using the minimum spanning tree for those weights Random binary tree , binary trees with a given number of nodes, formed by inserting the nodes in a random order or by selecting all possible trees uniformly at random Recursive tree Random recursive tree , increasingly labelled trees, which can be generated using a simple stochastic growth rule. Treap or randomized binary search tree, a data structure that uses random choices to simulate a random binary tree for non random update sequences Rapidly exploring random tree , a fractal space filling pattern used as a data structure for searching high dimensional spaces Brownian tree , a fractal tree structure created by diffusion limited aggregation processes Random forest , a machine learning classifier based on choosing random subsets of variables for each tree and using the most frequent tree output as the overall classification Branching process , a model of a population in which each individual has a random number of children mathdab Category Trees graph theory Category Probabilistic data structures Category Random graphs ... more details
A random seed or seed state , or just seed is a number or Array data structure vector used to initialize a pseudorandom number generator . The choice of a good random seed is crucial in the field of computer security . When a secret encryption key cryptography key is pseudorandom ly key generation generated , having the seed will allow one to obtain the key. If the same random seed is deliberately shared, it becomes a secret key , so two or more systems using matching pseudorandom number algorithms and matching seeds can generate matching sequences of non repeating numbers which can be used to synchronize remote systems, such as GPS satellites and receivers. Random seeds are often generated from the state of the computer system such as the time , a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator or from a hardware random number generator . compu soft stub Category Pseudorandom number generators Random seed ca Llavor aleat ria cs Random seed fr Graine al atoire ... more details
Infobox Company company name Random House, Inc. foundation 1925 founder Bennett Cerf and Donald Klopfer company logo Image Random House Bertelsmann.svg company type Division business Division of Bertelsmann location Random House Tower , br New York City, NY, USA area served World wide key people Markus Dohle Chairman & CEO , Random House Worldwide Random House, Inc. br N ria Cabut CEO, Random House Mondadori br Anne Davis Executive Vice President & CFO, Random House Worldwide br Brad Martin President & CEO, Random House of Canada br Dr. Joerg Pfuhl Chairman & CEO, Verlagsgruppe Random House br Gail Rebuck Chairman & CEO, The Random House Group br Frank Steinert Senior Vice President Human Resources, Random House Worldwide owner Bertelsmann num employees 5,262 as of December 31, 2010 industry ... http www.randomhouse.com www.randomhouse.com Random House, Inc. is a large English language .... Random House also has a movie production arm, Random House Films , and is currently developing a division ... Online.wsj.com , Wall Street Journal Online ref Random House, U.S.A. Image Random house2.jpg thumb left 200px Random House Tower headquarters, New York City Random House was founded ... on the side at random, which suggested the name Random House. ref http c250.columbia.edu c250 celebrates ... Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group , the Random House Audio Publishing Group, the Random House Publishing Group, and Random House Children s Books. Del Rey Manga publishes English manga in North America. Random House entered reference publishing in 1947 with the American College Dictionary , which was followed in 1966 by its first unabridged dictionary . Today it publishes the Random House Dictionary of the English Language and Random House Webster s College dictionaries, probably the main competitors .... and Pantheon Books were acquired by Random House in 1960 and 1961, respectively works continue ... of classical literature reprints. Random House has been the distributor for Shambhala Publications ... more details
Expert subject Mathematics date November 2008 A random Vector field field is a generalization of a stochastic ... on some manifold . At its most basic, discrete case, a random field is a list of random number s whose indices are mapped onto a space of n dimensions . Values in a random field are usually spatially ... of a covariance structure, many different types of which may be modeled in a random field. More generally, the values might be defined over a continuous domain, and the random field might be thought of as a function valued random variable. Definition and Examples Given a probability space math Omega, mathcal F , P math , an X valued random field is a collection of X valued random variable s indexed by elements in a topological space T . That is, a random field F is a collection math F t t in T math where each math F t math is an X valued random variable. Several kinds of random fields exist, among them the Markov random field MRF , Gibbs random field GRF , conditional random field CRF , and Gaussian random field . An MRF exhibits the Markovian property math pi X i x i X j x j, i neq j pi X i x i partial i , , math where math partial i math is a set of neighbours of the random variable X sub i sub . In other words, the probability that a random variable assumes a value depends on the other random variables only through the ones that are its immediate neighbours. The probability of a random variable in an MRF is given by math pi X i x i partial i frac pi omega sum omega pi omega , math where is the same realization of , except for random variable X sub i sub . It is difficult ... by Julian Besag in 1974. Applications Random fields are of great use in studying natural processes by the Monte Carlo method , in which the random fields correspond to naturally spatially varying .... A further common use of random fields is in the generation of computer graphics, particularly ... 36, 2 May 1974 , 192 236. cite book author Adler, RJ & Taylor, Jonathan title Random Fields and Geometry ... more details
In probability theory , random element is a generalization of the concept of random variable to more complicated spaces than the simple real line. The concept was introduced by harvs first Maurice last Fr chet authorlink Maurice Fr chet year 1948 txt yes who commented that the development of probability ... random outcomes of experience can be described by number or a finite set of numbers, to schemes where ... transformations , and also Set mathematics sets or collections of sets. The modern day usage of random ... ,&thinsp P be a probability space , and E ,&thinsp a measurable space . A random element with values ... &thinsp X &thinsp &thinsp B &thinsp &thinsp . Sometimes random elements with values in math E math are called math E math valued random variables. Note if math E, mathcal E mathbb R , mathcal B mathbb ... Borel algebra , then the definition of random element is the classical definition of random variable . The definition of a random element math X math with values in a Banach space math B math is typically ... X Omega rightarrow B math , from a probability space, is a random element if math f circ X math is a random ... measurable function weakly measurable . Random elements of the various nature Random variable Discrete random variable Continuous random variable Complex random variable Simple random variable Random vector Random matrix theory Random matrix Random function Random process Random field Random measure Random set Random closed set Random compact set Random point Random figure ref name Stoyan Stoyan, D., and Stoyan, H. 1994 Fractals, Random Shapes and Point Fields. Methods of Geometrical Statistics . Chichester, New York John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 0 471 93757 6 ref Random shape ref name Stoyan Random finite set Random finite abstract set Random set of events References Reflist Literature refbegin ... espace de Banach These . Paris. Prokhorov Yu.V. 1999 Random element. Probability and Mathematical statistics ... as the Prokhorov reference listed above, with perhaps some additions Category Random process theory ... more details
In mechanical engineering , random vibration is motion which is non deterministic, meaning that future behavior cannot be precisely predicted. The randomness is a characteristic of the excitation or input, not the normal modes mode shapes or natural frequencies. Some common examples include an automobile riding on a rough road, wave height on the water or the load induced on an airplane wing during flight. Structural response to random vibration is usually treated using statistical or probabilistic approaches. A measurement of the power spectral density PSD is the usual way to specify random vibration. Image randomvibe4.svg thumb Typical Random Vibration Test specification can be established from real environment measurements using a PSD envelope or a fatigue damage equivalence criterion Extreme response spectrum and Fatigue damage spectrum . See also Random noise External links http femci.gsfc.nasa.gov random NASA Goddard website about random vibration analysis http analyst.gsfc.nasa.gov ryan MOLA random.html NASA Mars Orbiter website Random Vibrations, Spectral & Wavelet Analysis , D.E. Newland Lalanne, C., Mechanical Vibration and Shock Analysis. Volume 3 Random Vibration , Second Edition, ISTE Wiley, 2009. mech engineering stub Category Mechanical vibrations ... more details
Wikify date April 2010 Orphan date December 2008 A random stimulus is any of a class of creativity techniques that explore randomization. Most of their names start with word randomrandom word, random heuristic, random picture, random sound, etc. In each random creativity technique the user is presented with a random stimulus and explores associations that has a potential to bring novel ideas. The power of random stimulus is that it can lead you to explore some useful associations that could never be explored intentionally. Random Word technique is the simplest technique of this class where a randomly picked word is used to generate new associations. By getting a random word and thinking how ... direction from that you would normally. ref Ray, 1989 ref Low tech implementations of the random ... use computers, random number generators, and availabiliy of internet resources to extend the potential of this technique. Simple random techniques are classified by modality of association Verbal, Visual, Audial, Kinesthetic . Multi modal techniques combine different modalities, e.g. random article, website, or video. ref Kosorukoff, 2000 ref Random article link is an example of this kind of technique implemented by MediaWiki software. The best tool to explore a random website creativity ... Kosorukoff, 2000 Goldberg, 2002 ref views random stimulus creativity techniques as mutation operators ..., it is the share of random stimuli that were useful among all presented. The innovation rate depends on the distribution from which the random stimuli are sampled. Improving innovation rate ... http www.brainstorming.co.uk tutorials randomwebsitetutorial.html How to use the Random Website technique ... Mangle.ca 2002 http thatrandomwebsite.com That Random Website 2008 http randomwebsite.net randomwebsite.net 2005 http tools.blackhat seo.com strategies Random strategies , a website implementing the oblique strategies Eno & Schmidt, 1975 http werdomaker.com Werdomaker , A random word website utilizing ... more details
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