wiktionarypar Runoff Run off or runoff may refer to Surface runoff , the flow of water, from rain, snowmelt, or other sources, over land Runoff model reservoir , a mathematical model describing the rainfall runoff relations of a rainfall catchment area or watershed Bleed printing , printing that goes beyond the edge of the sheet after trimming Two round system or runoff voting, a voting system used to elect a single winner, whereby only two candidates from the first round continue to the second round Instant runoff voting , an electoral system in which voters rank the candidates in order of preference RUNOFF , the first computer type setting program, running on the CTSS operating system runoff program , the type setting program on the Multics operating system http www.hammondpi.com images stories pdf coverstory run off one.pdf Professional Indemnity Run Off , which is a form of professional indemnity insurance policy which covers insureds who are no longer Trading, but still require the Insurance against work they had previously carried out. Policies are usually maintained at least 6 years from ceasing trading but often longer. disambig ... more details
Unimpaired runoff , also known as full natural flow , is a hydrology term that is used to describe the natural Surface runoffrunoff of a Drainage basin watershed or waterbody that would have occurred prior to anthropogenic or human influences on the watershed. Flow readings from river gauge s are influenced by Source river or stream upstream diversion s, impoundments, and many other alternations of the land that drains into a watershed or of alternatives of a river channel itself. Engineers estimate unimparied or natural runoff by estimating all of the effects of human impairments to flow and then removing these effects. Since these calculation s involve many assumptions, they tend to be more accurate for either smaller watersheds or when expressed as longer period averages. Unimpaired runoff is important for legal and scientific reasons. Since human development continues to alter watersheds, unimparied runoff provide fixed frames of references for flow rates. The reason unimpaired runoff is important is because long term hydrologic records are often used to develop relationships between Precipitation meteorology precipitation , runoff, and water supply. By removing changes in the timing between precipitation and runoff due to human influences, the long term relationships will be more useful. Calculating unimparied runoff is also extremely important in identifying long term climate change impacts. By subtracting the known human influences on a long term hydrologic record, the records may still show signs of a long term change. These long term signals are sometimes described as long term climate change. It is still possible that the long term climate signal is caused by larger scale antropogenic sources. Examples of Use Unimpaired runoff calculations are used extensively in western United States states such as California for water resources management applications, particularly ... of some examples of use of unimpaired runoff calculations Sacramento Valley 40 30 30 Index California ... more details
Runoff voting can refer to Two round system , a voting system used to elect a single winner, whereby only two candidates from the first round continue to the second round Instant runoff voting , an electoral system whereby voters rank the candidates in order of preference Contingent vote , a two round system of instant runoff voting. Exhaustive ballot , a reiterative voting system whereby rounds of voting continue with or without elimination until one candidate achieves a majority, also called repeated balloting Disambig ... more details
RUNOFF was the first computer text formatting computer program program to see significant use. It was written in 1964 for the Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS operating system by Jerome H. Saltzer in MAD programming language MAD Assembly language assembler . It actually consisted of a pair of programs, TYPSET which was basically a document editor , and RUNOFF the output processor . RUNOFF had support for pagination and headers, as well as text justification typesetting justification TJ 2 appears to have been the earliest text justification system, but it did not have the other capabilities . RUNOFF is a direct predecessor of the runoff program runoff document formatting program of Multics , which in turn was the ancestor of the roff and nroff document formatting programs of Unix , and their descendants. It was also the ancestor of FORMAT for the IBM System 360 , and of course indirectly for every computerized word processing system. Likewise, RUNOFF for CTSS was the predecessor of the various RUNOFFs for Digital Equipment Corporation DEC s operating systems, via the RUNOFF developed by the University of California, Berkeley University of California, Berkeley s Project Genie for the Scientific Data Systems SDS SDS 940 940 system. ref cite newsgroup title Re Runoffs was TJ 2, a very early word processor like program for the PDP 1 author John V. Everett date 1997 02 08 newsgroup ... accessdate 2008 11 14 ref ref cite book last Barnes first Larry title RUNOFF A Program ... 244.html TYPSET and RUNOFF Memorandum editor and type out commands MIT Computation Center CC 244, Project ... Manuscript typing and editing TYPSET, RUNOFF Section AH.9.01, CTSS Programmer s Guide, Project ... publications PSN 40.html Experimental Additions to the RUNOFF Command Programming Staff Note 40, Project ... TECO TJ 2 DEFAULTSORT Typset And Runoff Category Word processors Category Troff Category History of software digital typography stub es RUNOFF ... more details
Unreferenced stub auto yes date December 2009 Lowercase runoffrunoff was the text formatting computer program program on the Multics operating system . It was a descendant of the RUNOFF type setting program from Compatible Time Sharing System CTSS and was originally written by Jerome H. Saltzer . Robert Morris cryptographer Bob Morris and Doug McIlroy translated that from MAD assembler to BCPL they then moved the BCPL version to Multics when the IBM 7094 on which CTSS ran was being shut down. A later version of runoff for Multics was written in PL I by Dennis Capps, in 1974. This runoff code was the ancestor of the machine language roff that was written for the fledgling Unix . Other versions of Runoff were developed for various computer systems including Digital Equipment Corporation s PDP 11 minicomputer systems running RT 11 , RSTS E and RSX , Digital s PDP 10 and VAX mainframe computer s, as well as Sperry Unisys Univac 90 60 mainframe using the EDT text editor EDT text editor under the VS 9 operating system . These different releases of Runoff typically had had little or no relationship to each other in terms of how formatting commands and arrangement of text was performed except that they all used the convention of separating presentation text from Runoff commands by indicating a command to Runoff by beginning the line with a period. DEFAULTSORT Runoff Program Category Word processors Category Troff digital typography stub ... more details
Image Runoff.jpg thumb 190px right Runoff flowing into a storm drain stormwater drain Surface runoff ... Runoff that occurs on surfaces before reaching a Channel geography channel is also called a Nonpoint source pollution nonpoint source . If a nonpoint source contains man made contaminants, the runoff is called nonpoint source pollution . A land area which produces runoff that drains to a common point is called a drainage basin watershed . When runoff flows along the ground, it can pick up Soil contamination ... Image Runoffrazorback.jpg thumb right 260px Surface runoff from a hillside after soil is saturated Surface runoff can be generated either by rainfall or by the melting of snow, or glaciers. Snowmelt ... days and fall on cloudy ones for this reason. In areas where there is no snow, runoff will come from rainfall. However, not all rainfall will produce runoff because storage from soils can absorb light ..., B. Global Runoff Continental Comparisons of Annual Flows and Peak Discharges ref proteoid ... runoff even when substantial amounts of rain fall. In these regions, even on less infertile Vertisol ... any surface runoff, leading to specialised adaptations to extremely variable usually ephemeral streams ... filled, and rain continues to fall, the rainfall will immediately produce surface runoff. The level of antecedent soil moisture is one factor affecting the time until soil becomes saturated. This runoff ... quickly the soil becomes saturated. Once the soil is saturated, runoff occurs. Subsurface return flow ... return flow or throughflow . As it flows, the amount of runoff may be reduced in a number of possible ... hydrology infiltration of runoff as it flows overland. Any remaining surface water eventually flows .... 2004 . The Water Cycle. Minneapolis Lerner. ISBN 0 8225 4596 9 ref Human impact on surface runoff File Water runoff.jpg right 200px thumb Urban surface water runoff Urbanization increases surface runoff ... into streams or storm drain storm water runoff drains , where erosion and siltation can be major ... more details
Image Storm Drain.JPG thumb right 250px Urban runoff flowing into a storm drain Urban runoff is surface runoff of rainwater created by urbanization . This runoff is a major source of water pollution in many ... runoff Impervious surfaces road s, parking lot s and sidewalk s are constructed during land development ... , Reston, VA. http books.google.com books?id AdU VXXV H0C Urban Runoff Quality Management. WEF Manual ... thumb left A creek filled with urban runoff after a storm Pollutants in urban runoff Water ... metals nickel , copper , zinc , cadmium , and lead . Roof runoff contributes high levels of chemical ... in urban runoff. ref name ASCE1 ref cite book title Stormwater Effects Handbook A Toolbox for Watershed ..., the impervious cover in a typical city creates five times the runoff of a typical woodland ... npdes pubs nps urban facts final.pdf Protecting Water Quality from Urban Runoff. Document No. EPA 841 F 03 003. February 2003. ref div style clear left Effects of urban runoff A 2008 report by the United States National Research Council left identified urban runoff as a leading source of water .... pp. 18 20. ref blockquote The runoff also increases temperatures in streams, harming fish and other organisms. A sudden burst of runoff from a rainstorm can cause a fish killing shock of hot water ... edu urbanrun.html The effects of urbanization on water quality Urban runoff. Accessed 2009 ..., One of the most pronounced effects of urban runoff is on watercourses that historically contained ... such a stream is urbanization urbanized , the resultant runoff creates an unnatural year round ... relative to the historic ratio of sediment to water, urban runoff rushes down the stream ... Southern California beaches at the mouth of a waterway, urban runoff carries trash, pollutants ... and organic waste that urban runoff often carries, eutrophication often occurs in waterways affected by this type of runoff. After heavy rains, organic matter in the waterway is relatively high ... more details
The runoff curve number also called a curve number or simply CN is an empirical parameter used in hydrology for predicting direct Surface runoffrunoff or Infiltration hydrology infiltration from Rain rainfall excess. ref name usda86 cite book author United States Department of Agriculture title Urban hydrology for small watersheds year 1986 edition Second Edition series Technical Release 55 TR 55 publisher Natural Resources Conservation Service, Conservation Engineering Division url ftp ftp.wcc.nrcs.usda.gov ... Service or SCS the number is still popularly known as a SCS runoff curve number in the literature. The runoff curve number was developed from an empirical method empirical analysis of runoff from ... method for determining the approximate amount of direct runoff from a Precipitation meteorology rainfall event in a particular area. The runoff curve number is based on the area s hydrologic soil group ... the runoff curve numbers for characteristic land cover descriptions and a hydrologic soil group. The runoff equation is math Q frac P I a 2 P I a S math where math Q math is Surface runoffrunoff ... after runoff begins L in math I a math is the initial abstraction L in , or the amount of water before runoff, such as Infiltration hydrology infiltration , or rainfall interception by vegetation and it is generally assumed that math I a 0.2S math The runoff curve number, math CN math , is then related ... low runoff potential while larger numbers are for increasing runoff potential. The lower the curve number, the more permeable the soil is. Antecedent moisture condition AMC adjustment Runoff is affected ... factors are less than 1 reduce math CN math and potential runoff , while math CN III math factor are greater than 1 increase math CN math and potential runoff . The AMC factors can be looked up in a reference table. ref name usda86 References references See also Hydrological modelling Runoff model reservoir External links http www.lmnoeng.com Hydrology hydrology.htm SCS TR 55 Peak Discharge and Runoff ... more details
A runoff model is a mathematical model describing the rainfall Surface runoffrunoff relations of a rainfall catchment area , drainage basin or watershed . More precisely, it produces the surface runoff ... of rainfall into runoff. br A well known runoff model is the linear reservoir , but in practice it has limited applicability. br The runoff model with a non linear reservoir is more universally ... area is too large, it can be divided into sub catchments and the various runoff hydrographs may be combined using flood routing techniques. br File Water cycle.png thumb 250px Rainfall runoff models .... Hydrograph analysis for areas with mainly groundwater runoff . In Drainage Principle and Applications, Vol. II, Chapter 16, Theories of field drainage and watershed runoff. p 321 358. Publication 16 ... continuity or water balance equation R Q dS dT , with units L T where br Q is the runoff or discharge ... or small increment of S br dT is a differential or small increment of T Runoff equation br A combination ... exp &minus A T2 &minus T1 R 1 &minus exp &minus A T2 &minus T1 This is the runoff equation or discharge ... of time steps and computing, with the runoff equation , the runoff at the end of each time step from the runoff at the end of the previous time step. Unit hydrograph br The discharge may also be expressed ... unit hydrograph IUH because the Q herein equals Q2 of the foregoing runoff equation using R 0 ... runoff equation eliminates the necessity of calculating the total hydrograph by the summation .... ref D.A. Kraijenhoff van de Leur, 1973. Rainfall runoff relations and computational models . In Drainage Principle and Applications, Vol. II, Chapter 16, Theories of field drainage and watershed runoff ... A can be determined from a data record of rainfall and runoff using the method explained below under ... rainfall or recharge, i.e. when R 0, the runoff equation reduces to Q2 Q1 exp &minus Aq T2 &minus ... or response factor Aq can be determined from runoff or discharge measurements using unit time ... more details
in urban runoff... Copper is suggested to be the most significant nowiki threat nowiki of the three. Coliform bacteria are present at high levels in urban runoff. Nutrients are generally present in urban runoff, but... nowiki generally nowiki concentrations do not appear to be high in comparison with other ... runoff at concentrations approximating those in secondary treatment plant discharges. The physical aspects of urban runoff, e.g. erosion and scour, can be a significant cause of habitat disruption ... are capable of providing very effective removal of pollutants in urban runoff. retention basin Wet ... wetland Wetlands are considered to be a promising technique for control of urban runoff quality ... Urban Runoff Program Executive Summary. Water Planning Division. December 1983. ref ... basin s also called wet ponds that capture sediment from stormwater runoff as it is detained, and that are designed ... more details
Like virtually all voting system electoral system s, in Two round system runoff voting there is potential for both tactical voting and strategic nomination . ref The Gibbard Satterthwaite theorem shows that any voting method which does not allow tactical voting must be either dictatorial or non deterministic ... preferences, but instead vote insincerely in an attempt to influence the result. Runoff voting is intended ... extra candidates or withdrawing a candidate who would otherwise have stood. Runoff is intended ... strategic nomination and tactical voting in runoff voting was the French presidential election, 2002 ... Pie and Fruit. Runoff voting is used to find the winner. Round 1 In the first round of voting each .... Tactical voting Runoff voting attempts to reduce the potential for tactical voting by eliminating ... a vote for any other candidate will not affect the result. Under runoff voting this tactic, known as compromising ... be used in runoff voting because it is sometimes necessary to compromise as a way of influencing which ... effective because runoff voting eliminates many candidates in the first round, and these often ... tactically. In this example, therefore, runoff voting removes the potential for tactical voting that would ... main Strategic nomination Runoff voting can be influenced by strategic nomination this is where ... candidates or withdrawing a candidate who would otherwise have stood. Runoff voting is vulnerable to strategic ... and prevents any candidate acceptable to them from surviving to the last round. Runoff votings ... to that point. In runoff voting voters can counteract the effect of vote splitting in the first round ... to strategic nomination than runoff voting. 2002 French presidential election main French presidential ... of both tactical voting and strategic nomination in runoff voting. The three main candidates were Jacque ... Duke lost to the more moderate Edwin Edwards . Louisiana uses a form of runoff voting called the run off primary election . Note references Category Runoff voting Category Voting theory ... more details
Image Preferential ballot.svg right thumb Example Instant runoff voting ballot Instant runoff voting .... Instant runoff voting is used to elect members of the Australian House of Representatives , ref ... http oaklandrising.org campaign instant runoff voting title Oakland Rising Instant Runoff Voting publisher ... instant runoff voting excercises election judge fingers Instant runoff voting exercises election judge ... of instant runoff voting Instant runoff voting was devised in 1871 by American architect William ... In the United States, instant runoff voting is an umbrella term associated with ranked choice elections ... instant runoff is used because the method approximates a series of runoff elections tallied .... ref except voters may not change their preference between rounds. Instant runoff voting has a number ... it instant runoff voting because of its resemblance to Two round system runoff voting , but others ... Robert Ware . North Carolina law uses instant runoff to describe the contingent vote or batch elimination ... for a runoff election. ref cite web url http www.ncleg.net enactedlegislation sessionlaws html ... Election officials in Hendersonville, North Carolina use instant runoff to describe a multi seat election ... runoffs. ref cite web url http blogs.citizen times.com blogs index.php?blog 10&title no instant runoff ... runoff in Hendersonville publisher Blogs.citizen times.com date accessdate 6 May 2010 ref State ... use instant runoff to describe the practice of having certain categories of absentee voters cast ranked ballots before the first round of a runoff that are then counted in a runoff election. Multiseat ... IRV counting flowchart.1.png 300px right thumb Flowchart for counting IRV votes In instant runoff ... , held a mayoral election using instant runoff voting. Progressive Bob Kiss won in two rounds with 48.6 ... election, 1990 1990 Irish Presidential election provides an example of how instant runoff ... of instant runoff voting to other voting systems Voting system Criteria in evaluating single ... more details
Summary Algae and archaea growing in the runoff of Konungshver, November 25 14 15 Iceland, November 2007 Photo by me user debivort or my friend who has given me permission to freely license our photos from Iceland Licensing self GFDL cc by sa 3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0 ... more details
Instant runoff voting has been used on and off in the United States in various jurisdictions since 1912 ... election reforms, including the use of a second, or runoff primary in the event of a non majority ... Instant Runoff Voting History in Ann Arbor, Michigan Bot generated title ref Since 2002 San Francisco ... ref won 55 of the vote in making instant runoff voting the means of electing candidates for the Board ... that, it was used in the November 2004 supervisoral races. Instant runoff voting played a decisive ... before running instant runoff ballot counts. Results Ranked Choice Voting has been used since 2004 ... 3864851 San Francisco Adopts Instant Runoff Elections , Richard Gonzales, National Public Radio ref ... There were four elections that used the instant runoff process after no majority winner in the first .... 2005 San Francisco results There was one election requiring the instant runoff process to be performed ... elections, 2006 two elections that required the instant runoff process, districts 4 and 6 District ... the 3 runners up, and 1.64 exhausted ballots. The detailed runoff results for district 4 are class ... rounds of counting. Basalt, Colorado The city of Basalt, Colorado adopted instant runoff voting ... basalt basalt 00a.pdf ref The city is ready to run instant runoff elections, but the 2004 and 2008 ... title ref Ferndale, Michigan The city of Ferndale, Michigan passed 68 instant runoff voting ... 72 instant runoff voting in 2004. ref http www.ippn.org article.php?ID winternews05c.html Instant Runoff Voting Makes Advances November 2 , Howard Ditkoff, Independent Progressive Politics Network ... runoff rejected date March 3, 2010 ref ref cite news url http pqasb.pqarchiver.com burlingtonfreepress ... rejects instant runoff voting date March 4, 2010 ref The repeal reverts the system back to a 40 rule that requires a top two runoff if no candidate exceeds 40 of the vote. Had the 2009 election occurred under these rules, Kiss and Wright would have advanced to the runoff. If the same voters ... more details
Instant runoff voting , more commonly known outside the USA as the alternative vote or preferential voting, was devised around 1870 by the US architect William Robert Ware W. R. Ware . Today it is in use at a national level to elect the Australian House of Representatives , the House of Representatives Fiji Fijian House of Representatives , the President of Ireland and President of India . In Australia it is also used for elections to the legislative assembly legislative assemblies lower house s of all states and territories except Tasmania and the Australian Capital Territory , and for the Tasmanian Legislative Council upper house . IRV is also used a number of municipal elections in Australia, the United States, and New Zealand . Because of its relationship to the Single Transferable Vote STV system, IRV is used for by elections in a some jurisdictions that use STV for ordinary parliamentary elections, such as the Republic of Ireland and Scotland . IRV is known by different names in the various countries in which it is used. It is also known as the Alternative Vote , Ranked Choice Voting , Preferential Voting , and the Hare system . The last three of these names may be misleading, because IRV is only one of a number of forms of preferential voting systems, and because the precise system known as instant runoff voting was invented by Ware rather than Thomas Hare political scientist Thomas Hare . History Instant runoff voting is based on the Single Transferable Vote electoral system , invented independently by Thomas Hare political scientist Thomas Hare in 1857 and Carl Andrae ... runoff voting and only rarely as the Alternative Vote , the name popular in Great Britain . Instead ..., for example, the Speaker s Conference advocated the adoption of instant runoff for 358 of the 569 ... used instant runoff voting for instance, in 2007 Wellington s mayor Kerry Prendergast defeated her ... And Use Of Instant Runoff Voting Category Instant runoff voting Category History of electoral systems ... more details
Merge to Instant runoff voting date April 2011 Orphan date April 2011 Comparison to proportional representation ... Results.aec.gov.au date accessdate 6 May 2010 ref Compared to plurality or two round runoff ... Political Science Review , Vol 85, No 2 Jun. 1991 ref Arguments presented for instant runoff voting ... of irrelevant alternatives completely immune to spoilers , instant runoff voting reduces incentive ... would have won the instant runoff, which these voters would have preferred. ref name tac3 Warren Smith ... for tactical voting is the same with any traditional runoff system that only advances the top vote getters to the runoff. Citation needed date March 2011 It does not exist in repeated balloting .... However, unlike runoff elections, the winner can never have fewer votes than in the first round. Measure ... votes, IRV costs less than two round system two round primary general or general runoff election systems ... The sequential method of IRV accommodates choices differently than runoff voting by not immediately reducing the field to two in the second round, as is done in two round systems, Other runoff systems ... that Instant runoff voting is an antidote to the disease of negative campaigning. Citation needed ... The New York Times National New Runoff System in San Francisco Has the Rival Candidates Cooperating ... States. Internationally, Benjamin Reilly suggests instant runoff voting eases ethnic conflict ... was a leading argument for why Papua New Guinea adopted instant runoff voting. ref http aceproject.org .... ref cite web url http www.beyondchron.org news index.php?itemid 1468 title Instant Runoff Voting ... presented against instant runoff voting Similarity to Single Member District Plurality system Writing ... title Realities mar Instant Runoff Voting publisher Kathy Dopp date 12 Feb 2009 accessdate 1 Mar 2011 ... one candidate marked in each column. Violation of Monotonicity As with any runoff election system ... runoff voting not monotonic for a detailed example. This counter intuitive result, although difficult ... more details
Summary Information Description en 1 Results of the 2000 presidential election in each county of Croatia. Source I User Whoami1999 Whoami1999 User talk Whoami1999 talk created this work entirely by myself. Date 22 01, 23 November 2010 UTC Author User Whoami1999 Whoami1999 User talk Whoami1999 talk other versions Licensing PD self date November 2010 ... more details
Orphan date February 2009 A petrol interceptor is a trap used to filter out hydrocarbon pollutant s from rainwater Surface runoff runoff . It is typically used in road construction to prevent fuel contamination of stream s carrying away the runoff. unreferenced date September 2007 Category Water filters civil engineering stub ... more details
Summary Landslide generated by torrent of rainstorm runoff in Madison Valley. Taken on December 20, 2006. Personal image. Licensing PD self date December 2006 ... more details
otheruses Run On disambiguation In hydrology , run on refers both to the process whereby surface runoff infiltration hydrology infiltrates the ground as it flows, and to the portion of runoff that infiltrates. Run on is common in arid and semi arid areas with patchy vegetation cover and short but intense thunderstorms . In these environments, surface runoff is usually generated by a failure of rainfall to infiltrate into the ground quickly enough this runoff is termed infiltration excess overland flow . This is more likely to occur on bare soil , with low infiltration capacity . As runoff flows downslope, it may flow onto ground with higher infiltration capacity such as beneath vegetation and become run on. Run on is an important process in the hydrological and ecohydrology ecohydrological behaviour of semi arid ecosystems. Tiger bush is an example of a vegetation community that develops a patterned structure in response to, in part, the generation of runoff and run on. See also Stormwater References refbegin cite journal last1 Corradini first1 C. last2 Morbidelli first2 R. last3 Melone first3 F. year 1998 title On the interaction between infiltration and Hortonian runoff journal Journal of Hydrology publisher volume 204 issue 1 4 pages 52 67 url issn 0022 1694 doi 10.1016 S0022 1694 97 00100 5 refend ecology stub Category Hydrology ... more details
Land drainage may refer to Surface drainage of the land Drainage system geomorphology , pattern of natural drains, streams, rivers, etc. Surface runoff , surface runoff of excess rainfall from the land Drainage system agriculture , land forming or land shaping to enhance the drainage from the soil surface in agricultural land Contour plowing , controlling runoff and soil erosion Subsurface groundwater drainage Horizontal drainage by pipes and ditches Drainage Tile drainage Watertable control Vertical drainage by wells Well drainage Watertable control disambig Category Hydrology Category Land management ... more details
drainage model may refer to a surface drainage model or rainfall runoff model see surface runoff , runoff model reservoir , or a http www.waterlog.info software.htm software site providing free download of a conceptual rainfall runoff model RainOff based on a nonlinear reservoir a subsurface groundwater , drainage model related to a spacing equation for subsurface pipe drains and open ditches horizontal drainage or wells vertical drainage see watertable control , or a http www.waterlog.info software.htm software site providing free download of a drain spacing equation EnDrain using the groundwater energy balance , and a well drainage well spacing equation WellDrain . a hydrological subsurface drainage model see soil salinity control for an example of an agro hydro salinity subsurface drainage model SaltMod groundwater flow in the aquifer see groundwater model or an example of an agro hydro salinity groundwater model SahysMod disambig cleanup Category Hydrology ... more details
Hare method , named for Thomas Hare, may refer to two related voting systems Instant runoff voting for single seat elections Hare method STV for electing multi seat constituencies. disambig ... more details
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